Fire-fighting, ventilation and drainage integrated control system for underground garage

Abstract

The utility model relates to a fire-fighting and ventilation integrated control system for an underground garage. The fire-fighting and ventilation integrated control system consists of a fire-fighting spraying system, a ventilation system, a garage drainage system and a monitoring control system, the underground garage is divided into a plurality of subareas, and each subarea is further divided into grids and parking spaces. The fire-fighting spraying system takes a partition as a water supply unit, comprises a fire-fighting pool, a fire-fighting pump, a deluge spray head and a water curtain spray head, and realizes accurate fire extinguishing and fire source isolation. The ventilation system takes partitions as circulating units, comprises an air feeder, an exhaust fan, a carbon monoxide concentration sensor and a fireproof valve, and is used for monitoring air quality in real time and automatically adjusting ventilation. The garage drainage system takes partitions as operation units, comprises a water collecting well, a submersible pump and a three-way change-over valve, and effectively treats high-concentration wastewater at the initial stage of fire fighting. The monitoring control system integrates monitoring data of fire fighting, ventilation and drainage, automatically controls operation of all the systems, and achieves comprehensive monitoring and intelligent management of the environment of the underground garage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of safety management technology for underground parking garages, and to water supply and drainage, ventilation, and electrical engineering. In particular, it relates to an integrated control system for underground parking garages that integrates fire protection, ventilation, and drainage, aiming to improve the safety, environmental comfort, and management efficiency of underground parking garages. Background Technology

[0002] As a crucial component of modern urban architecture, underground parking garages are increasingly attracting attention for their safety and environmental management. Current underground parking garage management systems typically operate their fire protection, ventilation, and drainage systems independently, leading to the following problems: Fire protection systems in underground parking garages often employ simple sprinkler systems and smoke detectors. The system's reliance on smoke detectors makes it difficult to accurately locate the fire source, resulting in low firefighting efficiency. For example, in the event of a fire in an underground parking garage, although the smoke detector may be triggered, the sprinkler system cannot accurately cover the fire source due to its unknown location, allowing the fire to spread. The sprinkler system's nozzle arrangement is often unreasonable, resulting in limited coverage. While sprinkler systems typically spray water throughout the entire area during a fire, in the event of a fire in an underground parking garage, the simultaneous spraying of water from all nozzles in the affected area results in insufficient water pressure, even though the actual fire source is only located in a localized area, leading to significant water waste. Fire protection systems using glass bulb closed-type sprinkler heads require the glass bulbs, filled with heat-sensitive liquid, to shatter before water can be sprayed, delaying the optimal opportunity for early firefighting.

[0003] Current ventilation systems in underground parking garages typically rely on timed or manual control, lacking real-time air quality monitoring capabilities and the ability to automatically adjust ventilation based on carbon monoxide concentration. During peak hours, with heavy vehicle traffic, carbon monoxide levels rise rapidly, but the ventilation system's failure to activate in time leads to deteriorating air quality within the garage. The supply and exhaust fans in these systems usually operate at fixed speeds, unable to adjust airflow according to actual needs. During off-peak hours, when fewer vehicles are present, the ventilation system continues to operate at maximum power, resulting in energy waste. Furthermore, the ventilation system's inability to automatically close fire dampers during a fire could allow flames to spread through the ventilation ducts.

[0004] Current underground parking garage drainage systems typically employ simple sump pits and submersible pumps, lacking water level monitoring capabilities and failing to activate the pumps promptly. During heavy rain, the water level in the sump pits rises rapidly, but the failure to activate the pumps in time leads to severe flooding within the garage. The drainage system cannot monitor water quality, and high-concentration wastewater from initial firefighting operations may be directly discharged into municipal pipelines, causing environmental pollution. Furthermore, the submersible pumps in these systems usually operate at a fixed flow rate, unable to adjust the drainage volume according to actual needs. During heavy rain, insufficient pump output results in the inability to drain water from the garage in a timely manner.

[0005] Current underground parking garage systems typically operate independently, lacking unified data integration and automated control. Managers must check the operational status of each system separately, hindering unified management and leading to low efficiency. Furthermore, traditional underground parking garage systems often require manual intervention in case of malfunctions, resulting in slow response times. In the event of a fire, managers must manually activate sprinkler systems and shut down ventilation systems, further contributing to slow response and the spread of fire. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This utility model provides an integrated fire protection, ventilation, and drainage control system, comprising a fire sprinkler system, a ventilation system, a garage drainage system, and a monitoring and control system. The underground garage is divided into several zones, each further subdivided into grids and parking spaces. The fire sprinkler system uses each zone as a water supply unit, including a fire water tank, fire pump, deluge nozzles, and water curtain nozzles, achieving precise fire suppression and fire source isolation. The ventilation system uses each zone as a circulation unit, including supply fans, exhaust fans, carbon monoxide concentration sensors, and fire dampers, monitoring air quality in real time and automatically adjusting ventilation. The garage drainage system uses each zone as an operating unit, including a collection well, submersible pump, and three-way diverter valve, effectively treating high-concentration wastewater in the initial stages of fire suppression. The monitoring and control system integrates monitoring data from fire protection, ventilation, and drainage, automatically controlling the operation of each system to achieve comprehensive monitoring and intelligent management of the underground garage environment.

[0007] This utility model is achieved through the following technology: an integrated fire protection, ventilation, and drainage control system for underground parking garages, comprising a fire sprinkler system, a ventilation system, a parking garage drainage system, and a monitoring and control system. The monitoring and control system includes a control center 100, a fire control hub 200, a ventilation control hub 300, and a drainage control hub 400. The underground parking garage is divided into several zones, each zone into several grids, and each grid has several parking spaces. The fire sprinkler system uses zones as fire protection facility units; the monitoring and control system uses grids as fire monitoring units and parking spaces as fire control units; the ventilation system uses zones as ventilation circulation units, ventilation monitoring units, and ventilation control units; and the parking garage drainage system uses zones as drainage facility units, drainage monitoring units, and drainage control units.

[0008] The fire protection facility unit mainly includes a fire water tank 1, a fire pump 2, an elevated water tank 3, a water supply pipe 4, a water pressure sensor 5, a water distribution pipe 6, a sprinkler pipe 7, a deluge nozzle 8, and a water curtain nozzle 9. The fire monitoring unit mainly includes an image acquisition device 10, an infrared thermal imaging sensor 11, a smoke sensor 12, and an inspection robot 13. The fire control unit mainly includes a water pump control cabinet 14, a water supply pipe electric valve 15, a deluge solenoid valve 16, and a water curtain solenoid valve 17.

[0009] The ventilation circulation unit mainly includes a supply fan 18, an exhaust fan 19, a supply air duct 20, and an exhaust air duct 21. The ventilation monitoring unit mainly includes a carbon monoxide concentration sensor 22, an air volume and speed sensor 23, and a temperature and humidity sensor 24. The ventilation control unit mainly includes a fan control cabinet 25, an air valve 26, and a fire damper 27.

[0010] The drainage facility unit mainly includes a ditch 28, a collection well 29, a submersible pump 30, a drainage pipe 31, and a wastewater collection tank 32. The drainage monitoring unit mainly includes a water level sensor 33 and a water quality sensor 34. The drainage control unit mainly includes a submersible pump control cabinet 35 and a three-way switching valve 36.

[0011] The monitoring and control system integrates monitoring data from underground parking garage fire protection, ventilation, and drainage, and automatically controls the system's operation.

[0012] The rain shower head 8 is an open-type nozzle, integrated with the rain shower solenoid valve 16, and installed above the parking space. The water curtain nozzle 9 is a slit-type nozzle or an impact nozzle with a water curtain angle of 90°~120°, integrated with the water curtain solenoid valve 17, and installed around the parking space.

[0013] The image acquisition device 10 has a camera resolution of 2560×1440 (QHD) or higher. Four cameras are set in one grid and installed at the four corners of the grid. YOLO is used for image segmentation, feature extraction, bounding box prediction, and non-maximum suppression.

[0014] The infrared thermal imaging sensor 11 has a resolution of not less than 320×240Q (VGA), and one sensor is installed for each parking space, mounted on the top of the parking space.

[0015] The smoke sensor 12 is photoelectric or ionization type, with a sensitivity requirement of a response time of no more than 10 seconds, an alarm threshold of 1% to 10% OBS / m light scattering coefficient / m, and a grid of no less than two.

[0016] The inspection robot 13 is set up in one zone and hangs upside down on the track above the parking space. The track is arranged to meander around the parking space. The inspection robot 13 patrols along the track. A high-definition camera is suspended from the bottom of the inspection robot 13 by a gimbal. An infrared thermal imager with a resolution of 1280×1024 and a NETD value of less than 40mK is fixedly installed at the bottom to acquire fire images and detect extremely small temperature differences.

[0017] The carbon monoxide concentration sensor 24 has a resolution of 1 ppm, a low-limit alarm point of 50 ppm, and a high-limit alarm point of 100 ppm, and is installed above the garage driveway.

[0018] The fire damper 27 is a 280℃ thermally triggered mechanical linkage self-closing fire damper, which is installed on the exhaust duct 21 of the ventilation circulation unit at a distance of no more than 200m.

[0019] The three-way switching valve 36 is an electric three-way valve. Normally, the submersible pump 30 is connected to the drain pipe 31 to discharge into the municipal drainage pipe. In the initial stage of fire fighting, high-concentration wastewater is controlled by the three-way switching valve 36 to discharge into the wastewater collection tank 32.

[0020] The control center 100 is connected to the fire control center 200, ventilation control center 300, and drainage control center 400 by cables. The monitoring and control terminals are wirelessly connected to the ZigBee gateway using the ZigBee communication protocol, and then connected to the fire control center 200, ventilation control center 300, and drainage control center 400 by cables respectively.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The fire sprinkler system, through real-time monitoring by an image acquisition device, infrared thermal imaging sensor, and smoke sensor, can quickly locate the fire source and activate the fire sprinkler system, significantly improving fire response speed and extinguishing efficiency, and enhancing the safety of the underground parking garage. The ventilation system, through real-time monitoring by carbon monoxide concentration sensor and air volume and speed sensor, automatically adjusts the operation of the supply and exhaust fans to ensure that the air quality in the garage remains at a good level. The garage drainage system, through real-time monitoring by water level sensor and water quality sensor, can effectively treat high-concentration wastewater in the initial stage of firefighting, avoiding environmental pollution. The monitoring and control system integrates monitoring data from fire protection, ventilation, and drainage, realizing automated control and intelligent management, significantly improving the management efficiency of the underground parking garage. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a topology diagram of the integrated control system of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the underground parking garage zoning.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a plan view of the fire ventilation sensor layout;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a diagram of a fire protection system.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a plan view of the fire sprinkler layout;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the ventilation system;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a diagram of the drainage system.

[0029] In the diagram: 100-Control Center, 200-Fire Control Center, 300-Ventilation Control Center, 400-Drainage Control Center, 1-Fire Water Tank, 2-Fire Pump, 3-High-Level Water Tank, 4-Water Supply Pipe, 5-Water Pressure Sensor, 6-Water Distribution Pipe, 7-Sprinkler Pipe, 8-Delta Sprinkler Head, 9-Water Curtain Sprinkler Head, 10-Image Acquisition Unit, 11-Infrared Thermal Imaging Sensor, 12-Smoke Sensor, 13-Inspection Robot, 14-Water Pump Control Cabinet, 15-Water Supply Pipe Electric Valve, 16-Delta Solenoid Valve, 17-Water Curtain Solenoid valve, 18-supply fan, 19-exhaust fan, 20-supply duct, 21-exhaust duct, 22-carbon monoxide concentration sensor, 23-air volume and speed sensor, 24-temperature and humidity sensor, 25-fan control cabinet, 26-air valve, 27-fire damper, 28-ditch, 29-water collection well, 30-submersible pump, 31-drainage pipe, 32-wastewater collection tank, 33-water level sensor, 34-water quality sensor, 35-submersible pump control cabinet, 36-three-way conversion valve, 37-municipal drainage well, 38-sewage suction pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand this utility model, in conjunction with Figures 1 to 7 To further explain this application, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., used in this description indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or parts referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. The content mentioned in the embodiments is not intended to limit this utility model.

[0031] This utility model discloses an integrated control system for fire protection, ventilation, and drainage in an underground parking garage, comprising a fire sprinkler system, a ventilation system, a parking garage drainage system, and a monitoring and control system. The monitoring and control system includes a control center 100, a fire control hub 200, a ventilation control hub 300, and a drainage control hub 400. The topology diagram of the integrated control system is shown below. Figure 1 The underground parking garage is divided into several zones, each zone into several grids, and each grid has a certain number of parking spaces. See below. Figure 2 Layout diagram of the underground parking garage. Figure 2The garage is divided into two zones, Zone I and Zone II, each zone further divided into six grids. These grids are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this invention. The fire sprinkler system uses zones as fire protection facility units, the monitoring and control system uses grids as fire monitoring units, and parking spaces as fire control units. The ventilation system uses zones as ventilation circulation units, ventilation monitoring units, and ventilation control units. The garage drainage system uses zones as drainage facility units, drainage monitoring units, and drainage control units. The monitoring and control system uses sensors deployed in the underground garage to dynamically monitor the garage's condition, integrates fire protection, ventilation, and drainage monitoring data, and automatically controls the operation of each system. See the sensor layout diagrams for the fire protection and ventilation monitoring units. Figure 3 .

[0032] The fire protection facility unit mainly includes a fire water tank (1), a fire pump (2), an elevated water tank (3), a water supply pipe (4), a water pressure sensor (5), a water distribution pipe (6), a sprinkler pipe (7), deluge sprinklers (8), and a water curtain sprinkler (9). The fire water tank (1) is located underground, and the elevated water tank (3) is located on the roof. In high-rise buildings, it can be located on the equipment floor. See the fire protection system diagram below. Figure 4 The layout of water distribution pipe 6, sprinkler pipe 7, deluge nozzle 8, and water curtain nozzle 9 is shown in the plan. Figure 5 The deluge nozzle 8 is an open nozzle, integrated with the deluge solenoid valve 16, see [link / details]. Figure 4 Model A, installed above each parking space, one for each space, covering the entire parking area. The water curtain nozzle 9 uses a slit-type or impact-type nozzle with a water curtain angle of 90°~120°, integrated with the water curtain solenoid valve 17, see... Figure 4 Sample B, deployed around the parking space, forms a water curtain isolation zone to prevent the fire from spreading. Six samples are deployed per parking space, and can be shared with adjacent parking spaces. See [reference needed]. Figure 5 The deluge solenoid valve 16 and the water curtain solenoid valve 17 are equipped with control modules and communication modules, and are wirelessly connected to the fire control center 200.

[0033] The fire monitoring unit mainly includes an image acquisition unit 10, an infrared thermal imaging sensor 11, a smoke sensor 12, and an inspection robot 13. The image acquisition unit 10 has a camera resolution greater than or equal to 2560×1440 (QHD), with four cameras set up in each grid, installed at the four corners of the grid. If there are blind spots in the image acquisition units 10, their positions can be adjusted or additional image acquisition units can be added. The image acquisition unit 10 uses YOLO for image segmentation, feature extraction, bounding box prediction, and non-maximum suppression. YOLO is a real-time object detection algorithm based on deep learning, whose core function is to quickly and accurately identify and locate target objects in images or videos. YOLO transforms the object detection task into a single regression problem, directly predicting the bounding box and class probability of the target from the input image through a convolutional neural network (CNN). YOLO can quickly identify and locate various types of objects in real-time video footage. It can not only detect the presence of targets but also classify them, such as distinguishing between people, vehicles, animals, and flames, and can provide the precise location of each target in the image, usually represented by a bounding box. One infrared thermal imaging sensor 11 is installed per parking space, mounted on the top of the parking space. The resolution of the infrared thermal imaging sensor 11 is no less than 320×240Q (VGA). By capturing the infrared radiation from the surface of objects in the parking space, it converts it into a visualized thermal image, thereby achieving non-contact detection of the temperature distribution of objects. The smoke sensor 12 adopts photoelectric or ionization type, with a sensitivity requirement of a response time of no more than 10 seconds. The alarm threshold can be set according to actual needs, usually between 1% and 10% OBS / m (light scattering coefficient / meter), and there are no fewer than two sensors per grid.

[0034] This utility model adopts a monitoring and fire extinguishing method based on parking spaces as the smallest unit. When a vehicle in a parking space catches fire, the infrared thermal imaging sensor 11 senses the temperature change. In order to distinguish the heat source from people or other small animals, the image acquisition device 10 accurately identifies the parking space and determines whether the heat is emitted by a living organism or the heat from a fire source. Combined with the smoke sensor 12 sensing the change in smoke, it is determined that the vehicle is on fire. The monitoring information is transmitted to the fire control center 200, which automatically controls the opening of the deluge solenoid valve 16 above the corresponding parking space and the water curtain solenoid valve 17 around the parking space. The deluge nozzles 8 spray fire extinguishing over a large area, and the water curtain nozzles 9 form a water curtain barrier around the vehicle to cool the vehicle and control the spread of the fire to adjacent parking spaces.

[0035] The fire control unit mainly includes a pump control cabinet 14, a water supply pipe electric valve 15, a deluge solenoid valve 16, and a water curtain solenoid valve 17. Under normal conditions, the water supply pipe 4 is connected to the elevated water tank 3 via the water supply pipe electric valve 15, utilizing the potential energy of the elevated water tank 3 to provide water to the fire protection system. The deluge nozzles 8 are open nozzles; water flows immediately after the deluge solenoid valve 16 is opened, without needing to start the fire pump 2, allowing for rapid response. The water supply pipe 4, distribution pipe 6, and sprinkler pipe 7 are always kept at the required fire pressure. When the water pressure sensor 5 installed on the water supply pipe 4 detects insufficient water pressure, the fire pump 2 is started, and the water supply to the fire water tank 1 is switched via the water supply pipe electric valve 15. The fire protection system is also equipped with a pump connector, which connects to the fire truck to provide water when the elevated fire water tank 3 and the fire water tank 1 are continuously dry.

[0036] One inspection robot is deployed per zone, suspended upside down on a track above each parking space. The track meanders around the parking spaces. (See...) Figure 3 The inspection robot 13 patrols along the track. A high-definition camera is suspended from the bottom of the robot via a gimbal, and an infrared thermal imager with a resolution of 1280×1024 and a NETD value of less than 40mK is fixedly installed at the bottom to acquire images of fires and detect extremely small temperature differences. When the infrared thermal imaging sensor 11 of the parking space detects a temperature change, and the image acquisition unit 10 cannot accurately determine whether a vehicle is on fire, the system will send a signal. The inspection robot 13 will then proceed to the suspected location based on the position of the infrared thermal imaging sensor 11. Using the high-definition camera and the high-resolution infrared thermal imager, it will accurately determine whether a fire has occurred. The control center 100 can control the high-definition camera of the inspection robot 13 to adjust the angle for observation.

[0037] This invention employs point-to-point monitoring and sprinkler control to achieve precise fire extinguishing and fire source isolation, rapidly covering the fire area and quickly controlling the fire in its early stages, effectively preventing its spread. The control center 100 can monitor the fire situation through the image acquisition device 10 and the inspection robot 13. In addition to the deluge nozzles 8 and water curtain nozzles 9 spraying at the starting position, if there is a car in an adjacent parking space, the control center 100 can control the deluge nozzles 8 and water curtain nozzles 9 in the adjacent parking space to spray, cooling the adjacent vehicle and preventing high-temperature radiation from igniting it.

[0038] The ventilation circulation unit mainly includes a supply fan 18, an exhaust fan 19, a supply air duct 20, and an exhaust air duct 21. See the ventilation system diagram below. Figure 6The supply fan 18 and exhaust fan 19 are driven by variable frequency motors, which can automatically control the fan speed according to the monitored air quality and adjust the air volume according to actual needs. Each fire compartment should have an independent ventilation system to ensure system reliability. Ventilation ducts should be arranged along the edge of the garage as much as possible to reduce the impact on parking spaces and driveways. The bottom of the supply air duct 20 and exhaust air duct 21 should be no less than 2 meters above the ground to ensure vehicle passage and personnel safety. While meeting the clearance requirements, the garage ceiling space should be utilized as much as possible. The air outlet of the supply air duct 20 should preferably be horizontally oriented and evenly distributed to avoid ventilation dead zones and ensure uniform airflow distribution within the garage. The air intake of the exhaust air duct 21 should be downward-facing, and the exhaust outlet should be located as far away from personnel evacuation routes as possible to avoid the impact of exhaust fumes on personnel. The spacing between supply air outlets should be reasonably arranged according to the garage area and ventilation needs, generally with a larger spacing to ensure uniform air distribution, and a relatively smaller spacing between exhaust outlets to ensure rapid exhaust of exhaust fumes. Supply and exhaust air outlets should maintain a certain distance to avoid airflow short-circuiting.

[0039] The ventilation monitoring unit mainly includes a carbon monoxide concentration sensor 22, an air volume and speed sensor 23, and a temperature and humidity sensor 24. The sensor installation locations are shown in [reference needed]. Figure 3 , Figure 6 The carbon monoxide concentration sensor 22 has a resolution of 1 ppm, a low-limit alarm point of 50 ppm, and a high-limit alarm point of 100 ppm. It is installed above the garage driveway, typically at a height between 1.5 and 2.5 meters. This height range considers both the human breathing zone and the smoke diffusion characteristics. It can be ceiling-mounted or wall-mounted; the specific installation method should be determined based on the actual layout of the garage and the ventilation system design.

[0040] The ventilation system of the underground parking garage needs to ensure air circulation. The airflow and velocity sensor 23 can monitor the airflow and velocity within the duct in real time to ensure the normal operation of the ventilation system. By monitoring airflow and velocity, problems in the ventilation system, such as duct blockage or fan malfunction, can be detected promptly. The airflow and velocity sensor 23 can be linked with the ventilation control unit to automatically adjust the fan speed according to actual airflow demand, achieving energy-saving operation. When not in use, the system can automatically reduce airflow to reduce energy waste. The airflow and velocity sensor 23 can also be linked with the carbon monoxide concentration sensor 22 to ensure that the CO concentration in the underground parking garage is within a safe range. When the CO concentration exceeds the standard, the system can automatically increase the airflow to quickly expel harmful gases. The airflow and velocity sensor 23 should be installed on the straight section of the air supply duct 20, avoiding installation at bends, as uneven airflow velocity at bends will affect measurement accuracy. The distance between the windward side of the airflow and velocity sensor 23 and the bend should be at least 5 times the duct diameter, and the distance between the leeward side and the bend should be at least 2 times the duct diameter.

[0041] The temperature and humidity sensor 24 is an auxiliary monitoring component that monitors the temperature and humidity in the underground parking garage in real time. This ensures a suitable environment, prevents condensation and fogging caused by excessive humidity, and guarantees clear visibility within the garage. By monitoring temperature and humidity, it links with the ventilation system, adjusting fan operation according to actual needs to achieve energy savings. The temperature and humidity sensor 24 is installed approximately 1.5 meters above the ground to avoid the influence of hot and cold air currents from the ground while ensuring it can effectively detect environmental changes. It should be installed in a well-ventilated location, avoiding obstructions and interference, to ensure accurate monitoring of ambient temperature and humidity. Sensors should be distributed rationally according to the area and layout of the underground parking garage, with one sensor installed every 200-300 square meters.

[0042] The ventilation control unit mainly includes a fan control cabinet 25, a damper 26, and a fire damper 27. The damper 26 is used to regulate the airflow and velocity within the ventilation duct, ensuring uniform airflow distribution and avoiding dead zones. In emergencies such as fires, the damper 26 can quickly adjust the airflow direction to ensure rapid smoke exhaust. By adjusting the damper 26, the ventilation volume can be adjusted according to actual needs, achieving energy-saving operation. The damper 26 should be installed at key nodes in the ventilation duct, such as fan inlets and outlets, and branch pipes. The fire damper 27 is a device that prevents the spread of fire during a fire. When the smoke temperature in the duct reaches a preset value, the fire damper automatically closes, preventing the fire from spreading through the duct. The fire damper 27 is a 280℃ thermally triggered mechanically linked self-closing fire damper, installed on the exhaust duct 21 of the ventilation circulation unit, with a spacing of no more than 200m. One fire damper should be installed at the point where the exhaust duct 21 passes through the ventilation fan room.

[0043] The drainage facility unit mainly includes a ditch 28, a collection well 29, a submersible pump 30, a drainage pipe 31, and a wastewater collection tank 32. See the drainage system diagram below. Figure 7The underground parking garage floor should have a slope, with the drainage ditch 28 sloping towards the collection well 29. The submersible pump 30 is installed inside the collection well 29. The drainage monitoring unit mainly includes a water level sensor 33 and a water quality sensor 34. These sensors are installed inside the collection well 29 to collect water quality and level data, used to control the start / stop of the submersible pump 30 and the drainage flow direction. The drainage control unit mainly includes a submersible pump control cabinet 35 and a three-way switching valve 36. The outlet of the submersible pump 30 is connected to the drainage pipe 31 and controlled by the three-way switching valve 36. The three-way switching valve 36 is an electric three-way valve. Normally, the submersible pump 30 connects to the drainage pipe 31 and discharges into the municipal drainage pipe. During the initial firefighting phase, high-concentration wastewater is controlled by the three-way switching valve 36 to be discharged into the wastewater collection tank 32. Normally, the water in the underground parking garage mainly consists of rainwater brought in by vehicles during rainy days and a small amount of rainwater flowing in from the garage entrance. This water is discharged through the underground garage's drainage ditch 28 to the collection well 29. When the water level sensor 33 detects that the water level has reached the activation level, the submersible pump 30 automatically starts to drain the water, which is then discharged through a three-way valve 36 to the municipal drainage well 37. In the event of a fire, the fire sprinkler water carries a large amount of vehicle dust and oil. If the water quality sensor 34 detects that the water quality exceeds the direct discharge standard, the drainage control unit controls the three-way valve 36 to connect to the wastewater collection tank 32, temporarily storing the heavily polluted water from the initial firefighting stage. After a period of spraying, the water pollution level decreases, and the drainage control unit controls the three-way valve 36 to connect to the drain pipe 31 to discharge the water to the municipal drainage well 37. The wastewater collection tank 32 can be pumped away by a vacuum truck via a suction pipe 38 and sent to a sewage treatment plant for treatment.

[0044] The control center 100 is connected to the fire control center 200, the ventilation control center 300, and the drainage control center 400 by cables, see... Figure 1 The solid line in the diagram. The monitoring and control terminal uses the ZigBee communication protocol to wirelessly connect to the ZigBee gateway, see [link / details]. Figure 1 The dotted lines in the diagram are then connected to the fire control center 200, ventilation control center 300, and drainage control center 400 respectively using cables. Figure 1 The ZigBee gateway is not shown. The inspection robot 13 uses a configured communication gateway for wireless connection, which is then connected to the fire control center via a 200-meter cable. ZigBee is a low-power, short-range wireless communication technology based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, designed for applications requiring low data rates, low power consumption, and low cost. It achieves high communication efficiency by relaying communication between thousands of tiny sensors. In this system, each sensor acts as a communication relay point, connecting to the ZigBee gateway through relaying, significantly reducing the amount of communication wiring between sensors.

[0045] The specifications of the fire pump 2, submersible pump 30, and ventilation fan 18 and exhaust fan 19 should be determined by calculation based on the actual conditions of the underground garage.

[0046] The specification and drawings of this application are merely one specific embodiment and are not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other modifications based on the teachings of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of this application, and all such modifications are within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. An integrated control system for fire protection, ventilation, and drainage in an underground parking garage, characterized by: It consists of a fire sprinkler system, a ventilation system, a garage drainage system, and a monitoring and control system. The monitoring and control system includes a control center (100), a fire control hub (200), a ventilation control hub (300), and a drainage control hub (400). The underground garage is divided into several zones, each zone is further divided into several grids, and each grid has several parking spaces. The fire sprinkler system uses zones as fire protection facility units, the monitoring and control system uses grids as fire monitoring units, and parking spaces as fire control units. The ventilation system uses zones as ventilation circulation units, ventilation monitoring units, and ventilation control units. The garage drainage system uses zones as drainage facility units, drainage monitoring units, and drainage control units. The fire protection facility unit mainly includes a fire water tank (1), a fire pump (2), an elevated water tank (3), a water supply pipe (4), a water pressure sensor (5), a water distribution pipe (6), a sprinkler pipe (7), a deluge nozzle (8), and a water curtain nozzle (9); the fire monitoring unit mainly includes an image acquisition device (10), an infrared thermal imaging sensor (11), a smoke sensor (12), and an inspection robot (13); the fire control unit mainly includes a water pump control cabinet (14), a water supply pipe electric valve (15), a deluge solenoid valve (16), and a water curtain solenoid valve (17). The ventilation circulation unit mainly includes a blower (18), an exhaust fan (19), an air supply duct (20), and an exhaust duct (21); the ventilation monitoring unit mainly includes a carbon monoxide concentration sensor (22), an air volume and speed sensor (23), and a temperature and humidity sensor (24); the ventilation control unit mainly includes a fan control cabinet (25), an air valve (26), and a fire damper (27). The drainage facility unit mainly includes a ditch (28), a collection well (29), a submersible pump (30), a drainage pipe (31), and a wastewater collection tank (32); the drainage monitoring unit mainly includes a water level sensor (33) and a water quality sensor (34); the drainage control unit mainly includes a submersible pump control cabinet (35) and a three-way switching valve (36). The monitoring and control system integrates monitoring data from underground parking garage fire protection, ventilation, and drainage, and automatically controls the system's operation.

2. The integrated fire protection, ventilation, and drainage control system for underground parking garages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rain shower head (8) is an open nozzle, integrated with the rain shower solenoid valve (16), and installed above the parking space; the water curtain nozzle (9) is a slit nozzle or impact nozzle with a water curtain spread angle of 90°~120°, integrated with the water curtain solenoid valve (17), and installed around the parking space.

3. The integrated fire protection, ventilation, and drainage control system for underground parking garages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The image acquisition device (10) has a camera resolution of 2560×1440 (QHD) or higher. Four cameras are set in one grid and installed at the four corners of the grid. YOLO is used for image segmentation, feature extraction, bounding box prediction, and non-maximum suppression.

4. The integrated fire protection, ventilation, and drainage control system for underground parking garages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The infrared thermal imaging sensor (11) has a resolution of not less than 320×240 (QVGA), and one sensor is installed on the top of each parking space.

5. The integrated fire protection, ventilation, and drainage control system for underground parking garages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The smoke sensor (12) is photoelectric or ionization type, with a sensitivity requirement of a response time of no more than 10 seconds and an alarm threshold of 1% to 10% OBS / m (light scattering coefficient / meter). There are no fewer than two grids.

6. The integrated fire protection, ventilation, and drainage control system for underground parking garages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inspection robot (13) is set up in one zone and hangs upside down on the track above the parking space. The track is arranged to meander along the parking space. The inspection robot (13) patrols along the track. A high-definition camera is suspended from the bottom of the inspection robot (13) by a gimbal. An infrared thermal imager with a resolution of 1280×1024 and a NETD value of less than 40mK is fixedly installed at the bottom to acquire fire images and detect extremely small temperature differences.

7. The integrated fire protection, ventilation, and drainage control system for underground parking garages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The carbon monoxide concentration sensor (24) has a resolution of 1 ppm, a low alarm point of 50 ppm, and a high alarm point of 100 ppm, and is installed above the driveway of the garage.

8. The integrated fire protection, ventilation, and drainage control system for underground parking garages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fire damper (27) is a 280℃ thermally triggered mechanical linkage self-closing fire damper, which is installed on the exhaust duct (21) of the ventilation circulation unit with a spacing of no more than 200m.

9. The integrated fire protection, ventilation, and drainage control system for underground parking garages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three-way switching valve (36) is an electric three-way valve. Normally, the submersible pump (30) is connected to the drain pipe (31) and discharged into the municipal drainage pipe. In the early stage of fire fighting, high-concentration wastewater is controlled to be discharged into the wastewater collection tank (32) through the three-way switching valve (36).

10. The integrated fire protection, ventilation, and drainage control system for underground parking garages according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control center (100) is connected to the fire control center (200), ventilation control center (300), and drainage control center (400) by cables. The monitoring and control terminal is wirelessly connected to the ZigBee gateway using the ZigBee communication protocol, and then connected to the fire control center (200), ventilation control center (300), and drainage control center (400) by cables respectively.

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