Battery management circuit and energy storage power supply
By designing charging sampling and undervoltage protection modules in the battery management circuit, the battery status is monitored in real time and protective measures are taken, which solves the problems of overcharging and over-discharging, and improves the safety of the battery and the stability of the system.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520368964.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-24
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-03-03
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, batteries are prone to overcharging or over-discharging during charging and discharging, leading to safety hazards and performance damage, and there is a lack of effective real-time monitoring and protection mechanisms.
A battery management circuit was designed, including a charging sampling module, a charging control module, and a discharge undervoltage protection module. By sampling the battery voltage in real time, comparing the voltage threshold, and disconnecting the charging and discharging path when necessary, a dual protection mechanism is achieved to ensure that the battery is charged and discharged under appropriate operating conditions.
It effectively reduces the possibility of battery overcharging and over-discharging, improves battery safety and lifespan, enhances system stability and reliability, and reduces maintenance costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN223942477U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of electronic circuit technology, and in particular to a battery management circuit and an energy storage power supply. Background Technology
[0002] In the field of energy storage power, real-time battery monitoring is crucial. Overcharging a battery can lead to increased internal pressure and temperature, and may even cause serious safety accidents such as fires and explosions. Over-discharging, on the other hand, can permanently reduce battery capacity and shorten battery life. Other abnormal conditions, such as abnormally increased internal resistance or abnormally high temperature, can also damage battery performance. Utility Model Content
[0003] This application provides a battery management circuit and an energy storage power supply, which enables the battery to charge and discharge under appropriate operating conditions, thereby improving the safety of battery use.
[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a battery management circuit, comprising: a battery startup module connected to an input power supply and a battery; a voltage regulator module connected to the input power supply; a charging sampling module and a charging control module, both connected to the battery startup module and the voltage regulator module; the voltage regulator module providing a regulated voltage to the charging sampling module and the charging control module based on the input voltage of the input power supply; the charging sampling module sampling the battery voltage during the charging process of the battery by the input power supply to determine whether the battery voltage is greater than a voltage capacity threshold, and providing a charging control signal to the charging control module when the battery voltage is greater than the voltage capacity threshold; the charging control module connecting the input power supply to the battery when the input power supply is powered on, and disconnecting the charging path from the input power supply to the battery when the charging control signal is received. The system includes a discharge undervoltage protection module connected to the input power supply and the battery startup module. The discharge undervoltage protection module is used to sample the output voltage of the battery connected to the battery startup module when the input power supply is disconnected, and output a discharge control signal when the output voltage of the battery is less than a preset discharge threshold. The battery startup module is also used to disconnect the discharge path of the battery when it receives the discharge control signal.
[0005] In some embodiments, the undervoltage protection module includes resistors R4, R5, and R19, and a Zener diode U3. Resistors R4 and R19 are connected in series, and the reference input terminal of the Zener diode U3 is connected to the junction of resistors R4 and R19. The positive terminal of the Zener diode U3 is connected to the input terminal of the battery startup module, and the positive terminal of the Zener diode U3, along with resistor R19, is also connected to the first output terminal of the battery startup module and the battery connection. One end of resistor R5 is connected to the negative terminal of the Zener diode U3, and the other end is connected to the second output terminal of the battery startup module and the battery connection.
[0006] In some embodiments, the battery startup module includes: a first switching unit connected to the discharge undervoltage protection module and the input power supply, the first switching unit being configured to output a first level signal upon receiving the discharge control signal; and a discharge switching unit connected to the first switching unit and the battery, the discharge switching unit being configured to disconnect the discharge path of the battery upon receiving the first level signal.
[0007] In some embodiments, the charging sampling module includes a first sampling unit and a first comparison unit interconnected with each other. The first sampling unit is connected to the battery startup module and the voltage regulator module. The first sampling unit samples the battery voltage during the charging process by the input power supply to provide a first voltage divider voltage to the first comparison unit. The first comparison unit is connected to the first sampling unit, the voltage regulator module, and the charging control module. The first comparison unit compares the first voltage divider voltage with the regulated voltage output by the voltage regulator module to output a charging control signal to the charging control module.
[0008] In some embodiments, the charging control module includes: a second switching unit connected to the charging sampling module, the second switching unit being configured to output a second level signal upon receiving the charging control signal; and a third switching unit connected to the second switching unit, the battery startup module, and the input power supply, the third switching unit being configured to disconnect the charging path from the input power supply to the battery upon receiving the second level signal.
[0009] In some embodiments, the battery management circuit further includes a charging protection module; the charging protection module includes a current limiting protection unit, an over-temperature protection unit, and a charging switch unit connected to the charging control module, wherein the current limiting protection unit and the over-temperature protection unit are both connected to the charging switch unit and the voltage regulator module. The current limiting protection unit is used to acquire the charging current of the battery and convert the charging current into a charging voltage, and outputs a current limiting control signal to the discharge switch unit when the charging voltage is greater than a preset charging threshold; the over-temperature protection unit is used to generate a temperature sensing voltage based on the temperature of the battery, and outputs an over-temperature control signal to the charging switch unit when the temperature sensing voltage is greater than a preset over-temperature voltage threshold; the charging switch unit is used to feed back a charging protection signal to the charging control module when it receives the current limiting control signal and / or the over-temperature control signal, and the charging control module is also used to disconnect the charging path from the input power supply to the battery when it receives the charging protection signal.
[0010] In some embodiments, the charging switch unit includes a switch Q5, a resistor R13, and a resistor R16. The control terminal of the switch Q5 is connected to the first terminal of the resistor R13 and the first terminal of the resistor R16. The first terminal of the switch Q5 is connected to the charging control module. The second terminal of the resistor R13 is connected to the current limiting protection unit and the over-temperature protection unit. The second terminals of the switch Q5 and the second terminals of the resistor R16 are both grounded.
[0011] In some embodiments, the current limiting protection unit includes a comparator U1B, a resistor R15, a resistor R20, and a resistor R21. The non-inverting input of the comparator U1B is connected to the charging sampling module through the resistor R20. The inverting input of the comparator U1B is connected to the first terminals of the resistors R15 and R21. The output of the comparator U1B is connected to the charging switch unit. The second terminal of the resistor R15 is connected to the voltage regulator module, and the second terminal of the resistor R21 is grounded.
[0012] In some embodiments, the over-temperature protection unit includes a comparator U1C, a thermistor RT1, a resistor R17, a resistor R22, and a resistor R23. The non-inverting input of the comparator U1C is connected to the second terminal of the thermistor RT1 and the first terminal of the resistor R22; the inverting input of the comparator U1C is connected to the second terminal of the resistor R17 and the first terminal of the resistor R23; the output of the comparator U1C is connected to the charging switch unit; the first terminal of the thermistor RT1 is connected to the voltage regulator module; the first terminal of the resistor R17 is connected to the voltage regulator module; and the second terminals of both the resistor R22 and the resistor R23 are grounded.
[0013] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an energy storage power supply, which includes the battery management circuit described above.
[0014] This application provides a battery management circuit and an energy storage power supply. The charging sampling module samples the battery voltage in real time and compares it with a voltage capacity threshold. When the battery voltage reaches the threshold, it promptly provides a charging control signal to the charging control module, enabling the charging control module to accurately disconnect the charging path and reduce the possibility of overcharging. The voltage regulator module provides a regulated voltage to the charging sampling module and the charging control module based on the input voltage of the input power supply, ensuring that both modules operate in a stable power environment and improving the stability and reliability of the circuit. When the input power supply is disconnected, the discharge undervoltage protection module samples the battery output voltage. Once it detects that the battery output voltage is less than a preset discharge threshold, it outputs a discharge control signal, causing the battery startup module to promptly disconnect the battery discharge path. The battery startup module is responsible not only for connecting the input power supply to the battery charging path when the input power supply is powered on, but also for disconnecting the battery discharge path upon receiving the discharge control signal, achieving flexible control of the battery charging and discharging process. Through the coordinated work of the modules, this battery management circuit can monitor the battery status in real time and take corresponding protective measures when necessary, thereby enhancing the stability of the entire system. Reducing the likelihood of overcharging during charging and over-discharging during discharging both help ensure the reliable operation of the battery management system and reduce system failures caused by battery problems. Attached Figure Description
[0015] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements having the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.
[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a battery management circuit provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the battery startup module and the discharge undervoltage protection module provided in an embodiment of this application;
[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a charging control module, a charging sampling module, a voltage regulator module, and a charging protection module provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and thoroughly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.
[0020] The technical features involved in the various embodiments of this application described below do not conflict with each other and can be combined with each other.
[0021] When an element is described as "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or there may be one or more intervening elements between them.
[0022] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and are not limited in number; for example, a first object can be one or more.
[0023] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a battery management circuit 100 provided in one embodiment of this application.
[0024] The battery management circuit 100 includes a battery startup module 10, a discharge undervoltage protection module 20, a charging control module 30, a charging sampling module 40, and a voltage regulator module 50.
[0025] Specifically, the battery startup module 10 is connected to the input power supply and the battery 200. The input power supply is connected to the voltage regulator module 50.
[0026] Both the charging sampling module 40 and the charging control module 30 are connected to the battery startup module 10 and the voltage regulator module 50. The voltage regulator module 50 provides a regulated voltage to the charging sampling module 40 and the charging control module 30 based on the input voltage of the input power supply. The charging sampling module 40 samples the battery voltage during the charging process of the battery 200 by the input power supply to determine whether the battery voltage is greater than a voltage capacity threshold. When the voltage is greater than the voltage capacity threshold, it provides a charging control signal to the charging control module 30. The charging control module 30 connects the charging path from the input power supply to the battery 200 when the input power supply is powered on, and disconnects the charging path from the input power supply to the battery 200 when it receives the charging control signal.
[0027] The undervoltage protection module 20 is connected to the input power supply and the battery startup module 10. When the input power supply is disconnected, the undervoltage protection module 20 samples the output voltage of the battery 200 connected to the battery startup module 10. When the output voltage of the battery 200 is less than a preset discharge threshold, it outputs a discharge control signal. The battery startup module 10 is also used to disconnect the discharge path of the battery 200 upon receiving the discharge control signal.
[0028] The regulated voltage refers to the voltage output by the voltage regulator module 50 after regulating the input voltage of the input power supply. It provides a stable power supply voltage for the charging sampling module 40, the charging control module 30, etc., ensuring that these modules can operate normally and stably.
[0029] The voltage capacity threshold is a preset voltage value used to determine whether the battery 200 has been charged to a suitable level. During the process of the charging sampling module 40 sampling the battery voltage, the actual sampled battery voltage is compared with this voltage capacity threshold. When the battery voltage is greater than the voltage capacity threshold, it indicates that the battery has been charged to the set capacity level. At this time, the charging sampling module 40 will provide a charging control signal to the charging control module 30.
[0030] The charging control signal is sent by the charging sampling module 40 to the charging control module 30 when it detects that the battery voltage is greater than the voltage capacity threshold. This signal triggers the charging control module 30 to take appropriate measures, such as disconnecting the charging path from the input power source to the battery 200, to reduce the possibility of overcharging and protect the battery's performance and safety.
[0031] The preset discharge threshold is a pre-set voltage value used to determine whether the battery 200 has reached a voltage level requiring protection during discharge. When the input power is disconnected and the battery 200 supplies power alone, the discharge undervoltage protection module 20 samples the output voltage of the battery 200 and compares it with the preset discharge threshold. When the output voltage of the battery 200 is less than this threshold, it indicates that the battery charge has been discharged to a low level, which may damage the battery or affect the normal operation of the device. At this time, the discharge undervoltage protection module 20 outputs a discharge control signal to the battery start-up module 10.
[0032] The discharge control signal is sent by the undervoltage protection module 20 to the battery startup module 10 when it detects that the output voltage of the battery 200 is less than the preset discharge threshold. Its purpose is to instruct the battery startup module 10 to disconnect the discharge path of the battery 200, allowing the battery to discharge at an appropriate voltage, reducing the possibility of over-discharge and battery damage, extending battery life, and ensuring the safe and stable operation of devices connected to the battery.
[0033] In practical applications, for the charging management of battery 200:
[0034] When the input power supply is powered on, the voltage regulator module 50 regulates the input voltage of the input power supply and outputs a regulated voltage. At this time, the charging sampling module 40 controls the charging control module 30 to turn on, so as to open the charging path from the input power supply to the battery 200 through the battery startup module 10. Then, the charging sampling module 40 samples the battery voltage of the battery 200 in real time during the charging process and determines whether the battery voltage is greater than the voltage capacity threshold. When the battery voltage is greater than the voltage capacity threshold (indicating that the battery 200 has been charged to the set capacity level), it outputs a charging control signal to the charging control module 30. When the charging control module 30 receives the charging control signal, it turns off, thereby disconnecting the charging path from the input power supply to the battery 200 through the battery startup module 10, thus realizing the charging management of the battery 200.
[0035] Regarding battery discharge management:
[0036] When the input power supply is disconnected, and the battery 200 discharges through the battery startup module 10 and the undervoltage protection module 20, the undervoltage protection module 20 samples the output voltage of the battery 200 and determines whether the output voltage of the battery 200 is less than a preset discharge threshold. If the output voltage of the battery 200 is less than the preset discharge threshold (indicating that the battery 100's charge has been reduced to a low level), the battery startup module 10 outputs a discharge control signal to the battery startup module 10. Upon receiving this discharge control signal, the battery startup module 10 disconnects, thus breaking the discharge path of the battery 100 and achieving discharge management of the battery 200.
[0037] In summary, the battery management circuit 100 achieves safe and efficient management of the battery throughout its entire life cycle through the collaborative work of multiple modules. The overall design extends battery life and improves system stability through dual protection mechanisms (overcharging protection mechanism and undervoltage discharge protection mechanism), and realizes automated control of the charging process, thereby reducing maintenance costs.
[0038] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the battery start-up module 10 and the discharge undervoltage protection module 20 provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0039] In some embodiments, the battery start-up module 10 includes a first switching unit 11 and a discharge switching unit 12.
[0040] Specifically, the first switching unit 11 is connected to the discharge undervoltage protection module 20 and the input power supply. The first switching unit 11 is used to output a first level signal (high level signal) when a discharge control signal is received. The discharge switching unit 12 is connected to the first switching unit 11 and the battery 200. The discharge switching unit 12 is used to disconnect the discharge path of the battery 200 when the first level signal is received.
[0041] In some embodiments, the first switching unit 11 includes a switching transistor Q3, a switching transistor Q6, a resistor R6, a resistor R18, a diode D7, and a capacitor C4. The control terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the discharge undervoltage protection module 20. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the second terminal of the resistor R6. The first terminal of the resistor R6 is connected to both the discharge switching unit 12 and the input power supply. The second terminal of the switching transistor Q3 is connected to the anode of the diode D7. The cathode of the diode D7 is connected to the first terminal of the capacitor C4, the first terminal of the resistor R18, and the control terminal of the switching transistor Q6. The first terminal of the switching transistor Q6 is connected to the control terminal of the discharge switching unit 12. The second terminals of the switching transistor Q6, the resistor R18, and the capacitor C4 are all grounded.
[0042] In this embodiment, taking a PNP transistor as an example, the base of the PNP transistor is the control terminal of the switch Q3, the emitter of the PNP transistor is the first terminal of the switch Q3, and the collector of the PNP transistor is the second terminal of the switch Q3. Taking an NPN transistor as an example, the base of the NPN transistor is the control terminal of the switch Q6, the emitter of the NPN transistor is the second terminal of the switch Q6, and the collector of the NPN transistor is the first terminal of the switch Q6.
[0043] In addition, switching transistors Q3 and Q6 can be any controllable switch, such as insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices, integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT) devices, gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) devices, silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) devices, junction gate field-effect transistor (JFET) devices, MOS controlled thyristor (MCT) devices, etc.
[0044] In some embodiments, the discharge switching unit 12 includes a switching transistor Q2 and a resistor R12. The control terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is connected to the first terminal of the resistor R12 and the first switching unit 11; the first terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is connected to the first switching unit and the discharge undervoltage protection module 20; and the second terminal of the switching transistor Q2 is connected to the second terminal of the resistor R12 and the positive terminal of the battery 200. Figure 2 (connect at BAT+).
[0045] Additionally, the negative electrode of battery 200 ( Figure 2 The battery (BAT-) is grounded through a resistor Rm. The internal resistance of the battery 200 can be equivalent to the resistor Rm.
[0046] In this embodiment, the switch Q2 is a PMOS transistor with a body diode (used to provide a charging path for the battery 200). The gate of the PMOS transistor is the control terminal of the switch Q2, the drain of the PMOS transistor is the first terminal of the switch Q2, and the source of the PMOS transistor is the second terminal of the switch Q2.
[0047] In addition, the switching transistor Q2 can be any controllable switch, such as an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) device, an integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT) device, a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) device, a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) device, a junction gate field-effect transistor (JFET) device, a MOS controlled thyristor (MCT) device, etc.
[0048] In some embodiments, the battery startup module 10 further includes a fuse F1. This fuse is connected in series with the battery 200 and is used for overcurrent protection of the battery 200 during charging and discharging.
[0049] In some embodiments, the battery startup module 10 further includes a diode D1. The positive terminal of diode D1 is connected to the input power supply, and the negative terminal of diode D1 is connected to both the battery startup module 10 and the undervoltage protection module 20. Diode D1 is used to prevent backflow.
[0050] In some embodiments, the battery startup module 10 further includes a diode D2. The positive terminal of diode D2 is connected to the discharge switch unit 12, and the negative terminal of diode D2 is connected to both the first switch unit 11 and the discharge undervoltage protection module 20. Diode D2 is used to prevent backflow.
[0051] In some embodiments, the undervoltage protection module 20 includes resistors R4, R5, and R19, and a Zener diode U3. Resistors R4 and R19 are connected in series, and the reference input terminal of the Zener diode U3 is connected to the junction of resistors R4 and R19. The positive terminal of the Zener diode U3 is connected to the input terminal of the battery startup module 10, and the positive terminal of the Zener diode U3, along with resistor R19, is also connected to the first output terminal where the battery startup module 10 and the battery 200 are connected. One end of resistor R5 is connected to the negative terminal of the Zener diode U3, and the other end is connected to the second output terminal where the battery startup module 10 and the battery 200 are connected.
[0052] Among them, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first output terminal connected to the battery startup module 10 and the battery 200 is... Figure 2 The point where the second terminal of resistor Rm is connected. The first terminal of resistor Rm is connected to the negative terminal of battery 200. The second output terminal connecting battery startup module 10 and battery 200 is... Figure 2 The point where the negative terminal of diode D2 is connected.
[0053] In some implementations, Zener diode U3 is configured as a controllable precision voltage regulator, model TL431. The preset discharge threshold can be adjusted by changing the values of resistors R4 and R19. When the output voltage of battery 200 drops to the preset discharge threshold, the voltage across resistor R19 is less than or equal to the on-threshold of Zener diode U3 (e.g., 2.5V).
[0054] The following combination Figure 2 The working principles of the battery startup module 10 and the discharge undervoltage protection module 20 are briefly explained.
[0055] When the input power supply is powered on, the current flows through diode D1, resistor R5, and Zener diode U3 to ground GND_BAT. Resistor R5 provides the operating current for Zener diode U3. At the same time, resistors R4 and R19 are connected in series to divide the voltage. When the voltage across resistor R19 is greater than the conduction threshold of Zener diode U3, Zener diode U3 will operate normally. Figure 2 When point V1 (the control terminal of switch Q3) is low, switch Q3 is turned on. Then, current flows from Input through diode D1, resistor R6, switch Q3, diode D7, and resistor R18 to ground GND_BAT. Figure 2 When point V2 (i.e., the control terminal of switch Q6) is high, switch Q6 is turned on. When the control terminal of switch Q2 is pulled low (low-level signal), switch Q2 is turned on, and battery 200 can discharge through the discharge path composed of fuse F1, switch Q2 and diode D2.
[0056] When the input power supply is disconnected and battery 200 is discharging, resistors R4 and R19 are connected in series to divide the voltage. When the voltage across resistor R19 is greater than the conduction threshold of Zener diode U3 (e.g., 2.5V), it indicates that the output voltage of battery 200 is normal. With Zener diode U3 operating normally, switching transistors Q3, Q6, and Q2 are all turned on. Battery 200 can then discharge through the discharge path consisting of fuse F1, switching transistor Q2, and diode D2.
[0057] When the input power supply is disconnected and the battery 200 is discharging, if the voltage across R19 is less than the conduction threshold of the Zener diode U3 (that is, the output voltage of the battery 200 is less than the preset discharge threshold), it indicates that the battery 100's charge has been reduced to a low level, and the Zener diode U3 will not work. Figure 2 When point V1 (the control terminal of switch Q3) is high (i.e., a discharge control signal), switch Q3 is turned off. Therefore, Figure 2 When point V2 (the control terminal of switch Q6) is at a low level, switch Q6 is turned off. When the control terminal of switch Q2 is at a high level (the first level signal), switch Q2 is also turned off. Therefore, the discharge path of battery 100 is disconnected, thus achieving undervoltage protection for battery 200.
[0058] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the charging control module 30, the charging sampling module 40, the voltage regulator module 50, and the charging protection module 60 provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0059] In some embodiments, the voltage regulator module 50 includes a Zener diode ZD1, a Zener diode U2, a resistor R2, a resistor R7, and a capacitor C1.
[0060] In this circuit, the first terminal of resistor R2 is connected to the input power supply. The second terminal of resistor R2 is connected to the negative terminal of Zener diode ZD1, the first terminal of resistor R7, and the charging sampling module 40. The positive terminal of Zener diode ZD1 is grounded. The second terminal of resistor R7 is connected to the negative terminal of Zener diode U2 and the charging sampling module 40. The reference input terminal of Zener diode U2 is connected to the first terminal of capacitor C1 and the charging sampling module 40. The positive terminal of Zener diode U2 is connected to the second terminal of capacitor C1, the charging sampling module 40, and the negative terminal of battery 200. Figure 2 Vm point connection in Figure 3 Connect the Vm point in the middle.
[0061] In some embodiments, Zener diode ZD1 is a Zener diode.
[0062] In some embodiments, Zener diode U2 is configured as a controllable precision voltage regulator of model TL431.
[0063] In practical applications, Zener diode ZD1 provides a stable voltage for Zener diode U2 and comparator U1A in charging sampling module 40. Resistor R7 provides operating current for Zener diode U2, enabling... Figure 3 The voltage at point Vref is constant and equal to the forward voltage drop of Zener diode U2 (e.g., 2.5V).
[0064] In some embodiments, the charging sampling module 40 includes a first sampling unit 41 and a first comparison unit 42 that are connected to each other.
[0065] Specifically, the first sampling unit 41 is connected to the battery startup module 10 and the voltage regulator module 50. The first sampling unit 41 samples the battery voltage during the charging process of the battery 200 by the input power supply, providing a first voltage divider voltage to the first comparison unit 42. The first comparison unit 42 is connected to the first sampling unit 41, the voltage regulator module 50, and the charging control module 30. The first comparison unit 42 compares the first voltage divider voltage with the regulated voltage output by the voltage regulator module 50 to output a charging control signal to the charging control module 30.
[0066] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the first sampling unit 41 includes resistors R1 and R11. The first end of resistor R1 is connected to the battery startup module 10, the second end of resistor R1 is connected to both the first end of resistor R11 and the first comparison unit 42, and the second end of resistor R11 is connected to the voltage regulator module 50.
[0067] In some embodiments, the first comparison unit 42 includes a comparator U1A, a resistor R9, a resistor R10, and a diode D4. The non-inverting input of comparator U1A is connected to the voltage regulator module 50 via resistor R9, the inverting input of comparator U1A is connected to the first sampling unit 41, the output of comparator U1A is connected to the anode of diode D4, the cathode of diode D4 is connected to the first terminal of resistor R10, and the second terminal of resistor R10 is connected to the charging control module 30.
[0068] The following is Figure 3 The working principle of the charging sampling module 40 is briefly explained.
[0069] In practical applications, when the input power supply is first powered on, the voltage at the inverting input of comparator U1A (i.e., the voltage at the connection point of resistors R1 and R11) is low, and at this time, the voltage at pin 3 is greater than that at pin 2. The output of comparator U1A will then output a high-level signal, causing the charging control module 30 to activate the charging path from the input power supply to the battery 200. The specific charging path from the input power supply to the battery 200 is as follows: Figure 3 The input, switching transistor Q1, and diode D3 are connected to point A, and then from... Figure 2 The complete charging path extends from point A to the body diode of switch Q2, through fuse F1, and finally to battery 200.
[0070] When the input power supply (Input) charges the battery 200, resistors R1 and R11 in the first sampling unit 41 form a voltage divider circuit, dividing the battery voltage and outputting a first divided voltage to the inverting input of the first comparison unit 42. Simultaneously, the voltage regulator module 50 outputs a stable reference voltage Vref to the non-inverting input of the comparator U1A. The comparator U1A compares the divided voltage at its inverting input with the reference voltage at its non-inverting input in real time. When the battery voltage reaches the battery capacity threshold, the first divided voltage exceeds the reference voltage Vref, and the comparator U1A flips to output a low-level signal (charging control signal). This signal triggers the charging control module 30 to cut off the charging circuit via diode D4 and resistor R10, achieving overcharge protection. Conversely, when the battery voltage is below the battery capacity threshold, the comparator U1A outputs a high level, allowing charging to continue. This circuit dynamically controls the charging process through a voltage divider sampling and voltage comparison mechanism, ensuring safe and efficient battery charging.
[0071] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the charging control module 30 includes a second switching unit 31 and a third switching unit 32.
[0072] Specifically, the second switch unit 31 is connected to the charging sampling module 40, and the second switch unit 31 is used to output a second level signal when a charging control signal is received. The third switch unit 32 is connected to the second switch unit 31, the battery startup module 10, and the input power supply Input, and the third switch unit 32 is used to disconnect the charging path from the input power supply Input to the battery 200 when the second level signal is received.
[0073] In some embodiments, the second switching unit 31 includes a switching transistor Q4 and a resistor R14. The control terminal of the switching transistor Q4 is connected to the first terminal of the resistor R14 and the charging sampling module 40, the second terminal of the resistor R14 and the second terminal of the switching transistor Q4 are both grounded, and the first terminal of the switching transistor Q4 is connected to the control terminal of the third switching unit 32.
[0074] In some embodiments, the third switching unit 32 includes a switching transistor Q1, a resistor R3, and a resistor R8. The second end of resistor R8 is connected to the second switching unit 31, the first end of resistor R8 is connected to the control terminal of switching transistor Q1 and the second end of resistor R3, the first end of switching transistor Q1 is connected to the first end of resistor R3 and the input power supply, and the second end of switching transistor Q1 is connected to the battery startup module 10.
[0075] In some embodiments, the charging control module 30 further includes a diode D3. The positive terminal of the diode D3 is connected to the third switching unit 32, and the negative terminal of the diode D3 is connected to the battery startup module 10.
[0076] In this embodiment, the switching transistor Q4 is an NPN transistor. The base of the NPN transistor is the control terminal of the switching transistor Q4, the emitter of the NPN transistor is the second terminal of the switching transistor Q4, and the collector of the NPN transistor is the first terminal of the switching transistor Q4.
[0077] Taking a PMOS transistor as an example, the gate of the PMOS transistor is the control terminal of the switch Q1, the source of the PMOS transistor is the first terminal of the switch Q1, and the drain of the PMOS transistor is the second terminal of the switch Q1.
[0078] In addition, switching transistors Q4 and Q1 can be any controllable switch, such as insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) devices, integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT) devices, gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) devices, silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) devices, junction gate field-effect transistor (JFET) devices, MOS controlled thyristor (MCT) devices, etc.
[0079] The following is Figure 3 The working principle of the charging control module 30 is briefly explained.
[0080] In practical applications, when the input power supply (Input) is normally charging the battery 200, the charging sampling module 40 outputs a high level. Switch Q4 is turned on, grounding resistor R8. At this time, the control terminal of switch Q1 is high, and switch Q1 is turned on. The current from the input power supply (Input) can sequentially pass through switch Q1, diode D3 (which serves as an isolation device), and battery startup module 10, ultimately charging the battery 200, forming a complete charging path.
[0081] When the charging sampling module 40 detects that the battery voltage has reached the battery capacity threshold, it outputs a charging control signal. This signal is applied to the control terminal of the switching transistor Q4, causing Q4 to turn off. When Q4 is off, resistor R8 is not grounded, causing switching transistor Q1 to turn off. After Q1 turns off, the charging path from the input power supply to the battery 200 is disconnected, stopping the charging process and reducing the possibility of overcharging, thus protecting the battery. Furthermore, when the charging path is disconnected, diode D3 further prevents possible reverse current and other abnormal conditions, ensuring the stability and safety of the circuit.
[0082] like Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, the battery management circuit 100 further includes a charging protection module 60. The charging protection module 60 includes a current limiting protection unit 61, an over-temperature protection unit 62, and a charging switch unit 63 connected to the charging control module 30. The current limiting protection unit 61 and the over-temperature protection unit 62 are both connected to the charging switch unit 63 and the voltage regulator module 50.
[0083] Specifically, the current limiting protection unit 61 is used to acquire the charging current of the battery 200 and convert it into a charging voltage. When the charging voltage exceeds a preset charging threshold, it outputs a current limiting control signal to the discharge switch unit 12. The over-temperature protection unit 62 is used to generate a temperature sensing voltage based on the temperature of the battery 200. When the temperature sensing voltage exceeds a preset over-temperature voltage threshold, it outputs an over-temperature control signal to the charging switch unit 63. The charging switch unit 63 is used to feed back a charging protection signal to the charging control module 30 when it receives the current limiting control signal and / or the over-temperature control signal. The charging control module 30 is also used to disconnect the charging path from the input power supply to the battery 200 when it receives the charging protection signal.
[0084] The preset charging threshold is a pre-set voltage value used to measure whether the charging current of battery 200 is too high. The current limiting protection unit 61 converts the battery's charging current into a charging voltage. When this converted charging voltage exceeds the preset charging threshold, it indicates that the charging current may be too high. This threshold is determined comprehensively based on factors such as battery specifications, performance, and circuit design requirements.
[0085] The temperature-sensing voltage is a voltage signal generated by the over-temperature protection unit 62 based on the temperature of the battery 200. The over-temperature protection unit 62 typically contains components such as a thermistor, which can sense changes in battery temperature in real time and convert the temperature information into a corresponding voltage signal, i.e., the temperature-sensing voltage. The higher the battery temperature, the larger the temperature-sensing voltage; conversely, the lower the battery temperature, the smaller the temperature-sensing voltage.
[0086] The preset over-temperature voltage threshold is a pre-set voltage value used to determine whether the battery temperature is too high. When the temperature sensing voltage generated by the over-temperature protection unit 62 exceeds the preset over-temperature voltage threshold, it means that the battery temperature has reached a level that may affect battery performance and safety. This threshold is determined based on factors such as battery characteristics and safety requirements.
[0087] The over-temperature control signal is output by the over-temperature protection unit 62 when it detects that the temperature sensing voltage exceeds the preset over-temperature voltage threshold. Its function is to inform the charging switch unit 63 that the battery temperature is too high and over-temperature protection operation is required.
[0088] The charging protection signal is a signal fed back from the charging switch unit 63 to the charging control module 30 when it receives the current limiting control signal and / or the over-temperature control signal. The purpose of this signal is to notify the charging control module 30 that there is an abnormality in the current battery charging process (such as excessive charging current or excessive battery temperature), and that protective measures need to be taken.
[0089] In some embodiments, the current limiting protection unit 61 includes a comparator U1B, a resistor R15, a resistor R20, and a resistor R21. The non-inverting input of comparator U1B is connected to the charging sampling module 40 via resistor R20; the inverting input of comparator U1B is connected to the first terminals of resistors R15 and R21; the output of comparator U1B is connected to the charging switch unit 63; the second terminal of resistor R15 is connected to the voltage regulator module 50; and the second terminal of resistor R21 is grounded.
[0090] In some embodiments, the over-temperature protection unit 62 includes a comparator U1C, a thermistor RT1, a resistor R17, a resistor R22, and a resistor R23. The non-inverting input of comparator U1C is connected to the second terminal of the thermistor RT1 and the first terminal of resistor R22; the inverting input of comparator U1C is connected to the second terminal of resistor R17 and the first terminal of resistor R23; the output of comparator U1C is connected to the charging switch unit 63; the first terminal of the thermistor RT1 is connected to the voltage regulator module 50; the first terminal of resistor R17 is connected to the voltage regulator module 50; and the second terminals of resistors R22 and R23 are both grounded.
[0091] The connection method of pin 4 of comparator U1B (i.e., the power input pin of the comparator, not shown in the figure) and pin 4 of comparator U1C (i.e., the power input pin of the comparator, not shown in the figure) is the same as that of pin 4 of comparator U1A. Figure 3 The connection method of the comparator U1A (pin 4 is connected to the negative terminal of Zener diode ZD1) is the same.
[0092] In some embodiments, the charging switch unit 63 includes a switch transistor Q5, a resistor R13, and a resistor R16. The control terminal of the switch transistor Q5 is connected to the first terminals of the resistors R13 and R16. The first terminal of the switch transistor Q5 is connected to the charging control module 30. The second terminal of the resistor R13 is connected to the current limiting protection unit 61 and the over-temperature protection unit 62. The second terminals of both the switch transistor Q5 and the resistor R16 are grounded.
[0093] In this embodiment, the switching transistor Q5 is an NPN transistor. The base of the NPN transistor is the control terminal of the switching transistor Q5, the collector of the NPN transistor is the first terminal of the switching transistor Q5, and the emitter of the NPN transistor is the second terminal of the switching transistor Q5.
[0094] In addition, the switching transistor Q5 can be any controllable switch, such as an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) device, an integrated gate commutated thyristor (IGCT) device, a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) device, a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) device, a junction gate field-effect transistor (JFET) device, a MOS controlled thyristor (MCT) device, etc.
[0095] The following is Figure 3 The working principles of the current limiting protection unit 61, the over-temperature protection unit 62, and the charging switch unit 63 are briefly explained.
[0096] Firstly, the current limiting protection unit 61 and the charging switch unit 63 work together to achieve battery charging current limiting control.
[0097] In practical applications, the value of V4 (i.e., the preset charging threshold) can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance values of R15 and R21, thereby controlling the magnitude of the charging current.
[0098] When the battery 200 is charging normally, if the value of point Vm (i.e., the charging voltage) has not reached the preset charging threshold, the voltage at the inverting input of comparator U1B is greater than the voltage at its non-inverting input, and the output of comparator U1B outputs a low level, so the switching transistor Q5 is not turned on.
[0099] When the charging current reaches its upper limit of 200, the voltage at point Vm (charging voltage) is made greater than the voltage at point V4 (i.e., the preset charging threshold). This causes the voltage at the non-inverting input of comparator U1B to be greater than the voltage at its inverting input, resulting in a high-level output from comparator U1B (i.e., a current-limiting control signal). Through diode D6 and resistor R13, switching transistor Q5 is turned on, pulling point V3 low (a low-level signal, i.e., a charging protection signal). This, in turn, turns off switching transistors Q4 and Q1, disconnecting the battery charging circuit, limiting the maximum charging current, and protecting system stability.
[0100] Secondly, the over-temperature protection unit 62 and the charging switch unit 63 work together to achieve battery over-temperature protection control.
[0101] Thermistor RT1 changes its resistance as the battery temperature changes. It forms a voltage divider circuit with resistor R22, and the divided voltage is input as the temperature sensing voltage to the non-inverting input of comparator U1C. The inverting input of comparator U1C is connected to a voltage divider circuit composed of resistors R17 and R23; this divided voltage is the preset over-temperature voltage threshold. The resistance of thermistor RT1 decreases as the battery temperature increases.
[0102] When the battery 200 is not overheated, because the resistance of the thermistor RT1 is relatively large, the voltage at the inverting input of comparator U1C is greater than the voltage at the non-inverting input. Comparator U1C outputs a low level, so the switching transistor Q5 is not turned on.
[0103] When battery 200 overheats, the resistance of thermistor RT1 decreases, causing the voltage at the non-inverting input of comparator U1C to rise. When the voltage at the non-inverting input of comparator U1C (i.e., the temperature sensing voltage) rises above the voltage at its inverting input (i.e., the preset over-temperature threshold), comparator U1C outputs a high level (i.e., an over-temperature control signal). This over-temperature control signal passes through diode D5 and resistor R13, causing switch Q5 to conduct, pulling down the voltage at point V3 (a low-level signal, i.e., the charging protection signal). Then, switch Q4 is turned off, and switch Q1 is also turned off, thus disconnecting the charging path from the input power supply to battery 200, achieving over-temperature protection during charging.
[0104] This application provides a battery management circuit 100. The charging sampling module 40 samples the battery voltage in real time and compares it with a voltage capacity threshold. When the battery voltage reaches the threshold, it promptly provides a charging control signal to the charging control module 30, enabling the charging control module 30 to accurately disconnect the charging path and reduce the possibility of overcharging. The voltage regulator module 50 provides a regulated voltage to the charging sampling module 40 and the charging control module 30 based on the input voltage of the input power supply, ensuring that both modules operate in a stable power environment and improving the stability and reliability of the circuit. When the input power supply is disconnected, the discharge undervoltage protection module 20 samples the output voltage of the battery 200. Once it detects that the output voltage of the battery 200 is less than a preset discharge threshold, it outputs a discharge control signal, causing the battery startup module 10 to promptly disconnect the discharge path of the battery 200. The battery startup module 10 is responsible not only for connecting the input power supply to the charging path of the battery 200 when the input power supply is powered on, but also for disconnecting the discharge path of the battery 200 upon receiving the discharge control signal, achieving flexible control of the battery charging and discharging process. Through the coordinated operation of its modules, the battery management circuit 100 can monitor the battery status in real time and take appropriate protective measures when necessary, thereby enhancing the stability of the entire system. Whether reducing the possibility of overcharging during charging or over-discharging during discharging, it helps ensure the reliable operation of the battery management system and reduces system failures caused by battery problems.
[0105] This application also provides an energy storage power supply, which includes the battery management circuit 100 described in the above embodiments.
[0106] The circuit structure and working principle of the battery management circuit 100 can be referred to the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
[0107] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and not to limit it; under the concept of this utility model, the technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, and there are many other variations of different aspects of this utility model as described above. For the sake of brevity, they are not provided in detail; although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.
Claims
1. A battery management circuit, characterized in that, The battery management circuit includes: Battery startup module, connecting the input power source and battery; A voltage regulator module connected to the input power supply; The charging sampling module and the charging control module are both connected to the battery startup module and the voltage regulator module. The voltage regulator module provides a regulated voltage to the charging sampling module and the charging control module based on the input voltage of the input power supply. The charging sampling module samples the battery voltage during the charging process to determine whether the battery voltage is greater than a voltage capacity threshold. When the battery voltage is greater than the voltage capacity threshold, the charging module provides a charging control signal to the charging control module. The charging control module connects the charging path from the input power supply to the battery when the input power supply is powered on, and disconnects the charging path from the input power supply to the battery when the charging control signal is received. A discharge undervoltage protection module is connected to the input power supply and the battery startup module. The discharge undervoltage protection module is used to sample the output voltage of the battery connected to the battery startup module when the input power supply is disconnected, and output a discharge control signal when the output voltage of the battery is less than a preset discharge threshold. The battery startup module is also used to disconnect the discharge path of the battery when it receives the discharge control signal. The discharge undervoltage protection module includes resistors R4, R5, and R19, as well as a Zener diode U3. Resistors R4 and R19 are connected in series, and the reference input terminal of Zener diode U3 is connected to the junction of resistors R4 and R19. The positive terminal of Zener diode U3 is connected to the input terminal of the battery startup module, and the positive terminal of Zener diode U3, along with resistor R19, is also connected to the first output terminal of the battery startup module and the battery connection. One end of resistor R5 is connected to the negative terminal of Zener diode U3, and the other end is connected to the second output terminal of the battery startup module and the battery connection.
2. The battery management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery startup module includes: The first switching unit is connected to the discharge undervoltage protection module and the input power supply. The first switching unit is used to output a first level signal when the discharge control signal is received. A discharge switch unit is connected to the first switch unit and the battery. The discharge switch unit is used to disconnect the discharge path of the battery when it receives the first level signal.
3. The battery management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging sampling module includes a first sampling unit and a first comparison unit that are interconnected. The first sampling unit is connected to the battery startup module and the voltage regulator module. The first sampling unit is used to sample the battery voltage during the charging process of the battery by the input power supply, so as to provide a first voltage divider voltage for the first comparison unit. The first comparison unit is connected to the first sampling unit, the voltage regulator module, and the charging control module. The first comparison unit is used to compare the first voltage divider voltage and the voltage regulator output by the voltage regulator module to output a charging control signal to the charging control module.
4. The battery management circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charging control module includes: The second switching unit is connected to the charging sampling module, and the second switching unit is used to output a second level signal when the charging control signal is received; The third switching unit is connected to the second switching unit, the battery startup module, and the input power supply. The third switching unit is used to disconnect the charging path from the input power supply to the battery when the second level signal is received.
5. The battery management circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery management circuit also includes a charging protection module; the charging protection module includes a current limiting protection unit, an over-temperature protection unit, and a charging switch unit connected to the charging control module, wherein the current limiting protection unit and the over-temperature protection unit are both connected to the charging switch unit and the voltage regulator module; The current limiting protection unit is used to acquire the charging current of the battery and convert the charging current into a charging voltage, and output a current limiting control signal to the discharge switch unit when the charging voltage is greater than a preset charging threshold. The over-temperature protection unit is used to generate a temperature sensing voltage based on the temperature of the battery, and output an over-temperature control signal to the charging switch unit when the temperature sensing voltage is greater than a preset over-temperature voltage threshold; the charging switch unit is used to feed back a charging protection signal to the charging control module when it receives the current limiting control signal and / or the over-temperature control signal, and the charging control module is also used to disconnect the charging path from the input power supply to the battery when it receives the charging protection signal.
6. The battery management circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The charging switch unit includes a switch Q5, a resistor R13, and a resistor R16. The control terminal of the switch Q5 is connected to the first terminal of the resistor R13 and the first terminal of the resistor R16. The first terminal of the switch Q5 is connected to the charging control module. The second terminal of the resistor R13 is connected to the current limiting protection unit and the over-temperature protection unit. The second terminal of the switch Q5 and the second terminal of the resistor R16 are both grounded.
7. The battery management circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The current limiting protection unit includes a comparator U1B, a resistor R15, a resistor R20, and a resistor R21; The non-inverting input of comparator U1B is connected to the charging sampling module through resistor R20. The inverting input of comparator U1B is connected to the first end of resistor R15 and the first end of resistor R21. The output of comparator U1B is connected to the charging switch unit. The second end of resistor R15 is connected to the voltage regulator module. The second end of resistor R21 is grounded.
8. The battery management circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The over-temperature protection unit includes a comparator U1C, a thermistor RT1, a resistor R17, a resistor R22, and a resistor R23; The non-inverting input of comparator U1C is connected to the second terminal of the thermistor RT1 and the first terminal of the resistor R22. The inverting input of comparator UIC is connected to the second terminal of the resistor R17 and the first terminal of the resistor R23. The output of comparator U1C is connected to the charging switch unit. The first terminal of the thermistor RT1 is connected to the voltage regulator module. The first terminal of the resistor R17 is connected to the voltage regulator module. The second terminals of resistors R22 and R23 are both grounded.
9. An energy storage power source, characterized in that, The energy storage power supply includes the battery management circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.