Oil drop motion observation assembly and Millikan experiment device

Abstract

The utility model relates to an oil drop motion observation assembly and Millikan experiment device, comprising: a box body, the top wall of the box body is provided with an oil drop hole, the oil drop hole extends along a first direction, and a part of the side wall of the box body is a first transparent side wall; the visual detection unit is located on the outer side of the box body and faces the transparent side wall, and the axis of the visual detection unit extends in the second direction; the lower polar plate is arranged at the bottom of the box body; the upper polar plate is arranged on the top wall of the box body and is opposite to the lower polar plate in a third direction, the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are vertical in pairs, a first avoiding opening is formed in the upper polar plate, and the oil dripping hole is communicated to the first avoiding opening.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to the miller root experimental equipment field especially, and it is a kind of oil drop movement observation subassembly and miller root experimental device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Miller oil drop experiment needs to observe the motion state of charged oil drop in electric field when calculating the charge amount of oil drop.Because the volume of oil drop is very small, it is not easy to observe with naked eye, plus the rapid development of visual image processing technology, therefore, a part of university miller oil drop experiment has introduced visual detection unit to replace the observation of oil drop by human eye.

[0003] But on the other hand, limited by cost and other factors, the intelligent degree of the above-mentioned visual detection unit is limited, resulting in large final experimental error. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an oil drop movement observation subassembly and miller root experimental device to solve the problem of large miller experimental error caused by limited intelligent degree of visual detection unit.

[0005] An oil drop movement observation subassembly, comprising:

[0006] A box body, a drop oil hole is formed in the top wall of the box body, the drop oil hole extends along a first direction, and part of the side wall of the box body is a first transparent side wall;

[0007] A visual detection unit, the visual detection unit is located outside the box body and is arranged towards the transparent side wall, and the axis of the visual detection unit extends along a second direction;

[0008] A lower pole plate, the lower pole plate is installed at the bottom of the box body; and

[0009] An upper pole plate, the upper pole plate is installed at the top wall of the box body and is oppositely arranged with the lower pole plate in a third direction, the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other, a first avoiding opening is formed in the upper pole plate, and the drop oil hole is communicated to the first avoiding opening.

[0010] In one of the embodiments, the oil drop movement observation subassembly further comprises a background plate, and the background plate is oppositely arranged with the first transparent side wall in the second direction.

[0011] In one of the embodiments, part of the side wall of the box body is a second light-blocking side wall, the first transparent side wall and the second light-blocking side wall are oppositely arranged in the first direction, and the background plate is installed on the second light-blocking side wall and located in the box body.

[0012] In one of the embodiments, the oil drop movement observation subassembly further comprises a light source, and the light source is installed in the box body.

[0013] In one of the embodiments, the oil drop movement observation assembly further comprises a windproof light shield, the windproof light shield is arranged outside the box body, a shooting port and an oil injection port are arranged on the windproof light shield, the visual detection unit is arranged at the shooting port, and the oil injection port is located on the side of the upper plate away from the lower plate in the third direction.

[0014] In one of the embodiments, the oil drop movement observation assembly further comprises a metal plate, the metal plate is located on the side of the upper plate away from the lower plate in the third direction, and the edge of the metal plate is arranged on the inner wall of the windproof light shield, so that the metal plate is arranged in a spaced manner with the upper plate.

[0015] In one of the embodiments, a second avoiding port is arranged on the metal plate, and the projection of the oil drop hole in the third direction is located in the second avoiding port.

[0016] In one of the embodiments, the upper plate and the lower plate are located in the box body.

[0017] In one of the embodiments, the width of the oil drop hole is 0.1mm-0.5mm.

[0018] A Millikan experiment device comprises a host computer and the oil drop movement observation assembly, and the visual detection unit, the lower plate and the upper plate are electrically connected to the host computer.

[0019] In one of the embodiments, the Millikan experiment device further comprises a level and a base, and the level, the box body and the visual detection unit are arranged on the base.

[0020] The Millikan experiment device has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The oil drop hole extends along the first direction, and has an elongated shape, and by increasing the length of the oil drop hole, a large number of oil drops can be allowed to enter between the upper plate and the lower plate at the same time, so that the demand for experimental data is met.

[0022] The oil drops entering between the upper plate and the lower plate through the elongated oil drop hole have a substantially fixed distance from the imaging lens of the visual detection unit, so that the visual detection unit can make a large number of oil drops simultaneously and clearly imaged on the imaging surface of the visual detection unit without frequent focusing, thereby reducing the difficulty of the visual detection unit in recognizing the motion state of the oil drops and improving the accuracy of the Millikan oil drop experiment results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a Millikan experiment device according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 The figure is a perspective view of the oil drop movement observation assembly in the embodiment of the utility model Figure 1

[0025] Figure 3 The figure is a perspective view of the oil drop movement observation assembly in the embodiment of the utility model Figure 2

[0026] Figure 4 The figure is a side view of the oil drop movement observation assembly in the embodiment of the utility model

[0027] Figure 5 The figure is a perspective view of the box body in the embodiment of the utility model

[0028] Figure 6 The figure is a perspective view of the background plate in the embodiment of the utility model

[0029] Figure 7 The figure is a light path diagram between the visual detection unit and the oil drop in the prior art

[0030] Figure 8 The figure is a light path diagram between the visual detection unit and the oil drop in the embodiment of the utility model

[0031] Reference signs:

[0032] 1, box body; 11, oil dropping hole; 12, first transparent side wall; 13, second light blocking side wall; 2, visual detection unit; 21, imaging surface; 22, imaging lens; 3, upper polar plate; 4, background plate; 41, scale plate; 42, calibration plate; 5, light source; 6, windproof light shield; 61, shooting port; 62, oil injection port; 7, metal plate; 71, second avoiding port; 81, main machine; 82, level meter; 83, base; 84, atomizer; 85, display; 86, power cord; 87, multimeter; 100, oil drop DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the above purpose, features and advantages of the utility model more apparent, obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation of the utility model is described in detail below. In the following description, a lot of specific details are set forth in order to fully understand the utility model. But the utility model can be implemented in many other ways different from the description, and those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the utility model, so the utility model is not limited by the following disclosed specific embodiments.

[0034] ​​In the description of the utility model, it is understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" and the like is the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element indicated must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the utility model.

[0035] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the utility model, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0036] In the utility model, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integrated; it can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium, it can be the communication or interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise specifically limited. For ordinary skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] In the utility model, unless otherwise specifically defined and limited, the first feature is "on" or "under" the second feature, which can be direct contact between the first and second features, or indirect contact between the first and second features through intermediate medium. Moreover, the first feature "above", "above" and "above" the second feature can be directly above or obliquely above the first feature, or only indicate that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The first feature "below", "below" and "below" the second feature can be directly below or obliquely below the first feature, or only indicate that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0038] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0039] Example:

[0040] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a Millikan experimental apparatus, including a main unit 81, an oil droplet motion observation component, a base 83, an atomizer 84, a display 85, a power cord 86, and a multimeter 87.

[0041] Among them, such as Figures 2-5 As shown, the oil droplet motion observation assembly includes a housing 1, a visual detection unit 2, a lower electrode plate (not shown in the figure), and an upper electrode plate 3.

[0042] In this embodiment, the housing 1 is generally cubic in shape. The lower electrode plate (not shown in the figure) is installed at the bottom of the housing 1, and the upper electrode plate 3 is installed on the top wall of the housing 1. The upper electrode plate 3 and the lower electrode plate are arranged opposite each other in a third direction, which is perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The main unit 81 also functions as a power supply. The main unit 81 can be electrically connected to the upper electrode plate 3 and the lower electrode plate through the power cord 86 to supply power, so that an electric field is formed between the upper electrode plate 3 and the lower electrode plate. In order to reduce the influence of the housing 1 on the electric field between the upper electrode plate 3 and the lower electrode plate, the upper electrode plate 3 and the lower electrode plate are generally located inside the housing 1. An oil drip hole 11 is provided on the top wall of the housing 1, and a first clearance opening is provided on the upper electrode plate 3. The first clearance opening is connected to the oil drip hole 11. The oil droplets 100 sprayed by the atomizer 84 can enter the housing 1 through the oil drip hole 11 and the first clearance opening and move between the upper electrode plate 3 and the lower electrode plate. The front sidewall of the housing 1 is a first transparent sidewall 12, made of transparent material. The visual detection unit 2 is located outside the housing 1 and faces the first transparent sidewall 12, thus allowing the visual detection unit 2 to identify the movement state of the oil droplets 100 inside the housing 1 through the first transparent sidewall 12. The visual detection unit 2 is electrically connected to the host 81, and the host 81 is electrically connected to the display 85. The identification result of the visual detection unit 2 is transmitted to the display 85 for visualization through the host 81. A multimeter 87 is used to calibrate the aforementioned electrical components. The housing 1 and the visual detection unit 2 can be mounted on the base 83.

[0043] It is not difficult to understand that reducing the difficulty of the visual detection unit 2 to identify the movement state of the oil droplets 100 can effectively improve the recognition accuracy of the visual detection unit 2 to the movement state of the oil droplets 100 on the basis of reducing the dependence on the program algorithm in the visual detection unit 2, and then make the Millikan oil droplet experiment result more accurate.

[0044] As shown in Figure 7 , the oil dripping hole 11 in the prior art is a circular hole. In order to enable a large number of oil droplets 100 to enter between the upper plate 3 and the lower plate at the same time, the radius of the oil dripping hole 11 is very large, which leads to a large difference in the distance between different oil droplets 100 and the imaging lens 22 of the visual detection unit 2. The visual detection unit 2 needs to constantly focus and then identify different oil droplets 100. In the adjustment process, many oil droplets 100 cannot be clearly imaged on the imaging surface 21 of the visual detection unit 2, which increases the difficulty of the visual detection unit 2 to identify the oil droplets 100.

[0045] As shown in Figure 5 , the oil dripping hole 11 in the prior art is a circular hole. In order to enable a large number of oil droplets 100 to enter between the upper plate 3 and the lower plate at the same time, the radius of the oil dripping hole 11 is very large, which leads to a large difference in the distance between different oil droplets 100 and the imaging lens 22 of the visual detection unit 2. The visual detection unit 2 needs to constantly focus and then identify different oil droplets 100. In the adjustment process, many oil droplets 100 cannot be clearly imaged on the imaging surface 21 of the visual detection unit 2, which increases the difficulty of the visual detection unit 2 to identify the oil droplets 100. Figure 8 It can be known that all the oil droplets 100 entering between the upper plate 3 and the lower plate through the oil dripping hole 11 in the embodiment have almost the same distance from the imaging lens 22 of the visual detection unit 2. Therefore, the visual detection unit 2 can enable a large number of oil droplets 100 to be clearly imaged on the imaging surface 21 of the visual detection unit 2 at the same time without frequent focusing. In other words, compared with the prior art, the difficulty of the visual detection unit 2 to identify the movement state of the oil droplets 100 is significantly reduced, and the recognition accuracy of the visual detection unit 2 to the movement state of the oil droplets 100 is significantly improved.

[0046] Also in order to improve the experimental accuracy, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4 , the Millikan experiment device further includes a level 82, and the level 82 is installed on the base 83. Based on the level 82, the levelness of the base 83 can be adjusted to improve the levelness of the box body 1 and the visual detection unit 2 on the base 83.

[0047] As shown in Figure 4As shown, the rear side wall of the box body 1 is a second light-blocking side wall 13, in other words, the first transparent side wall 12 and the second light-blocking side wall 13 are oppositely arranged in the first direction. The second light-blocking side wall 13 can reduce the external stray light of the box body 1 from entering the box body 1, and increase the shooting quality and recognition accuracy of the visual detection unit 2.

[0048] In combination Figure 6 , the oil droplet motion observation assembly of the embodiment further comprises a background plate 4, which is arranged on the second light-blocking side wall 13 and located in the box body 1, so that the background plate 4 is oppositely arranged with the first transparent side wall 12 in the second direction. The visual detection unit 2 can shoot the background plate 4 through the first transparent side wall 12, and the visual detection unit 2 can use the background plate 4 to assist in recognizing the motion state of the oil droplet 100.

[0049] Commonly, the background plate 4 has two different specifications, one is a scale plate 41, and the other is a calibration plate 42. The scale plate 41 has scale lines drawn thereon, which facilitates the visual detection unit 2 to calibrate the position of the oil droplet 100. The calibration plate 42 has a two-color grid drawn thereon, which can assist the visual detection unit 2 to check geometric distortion and improve shooting and recognition accuracy.

[0050] Referring to Figure 5 , the oil droplet motion observation assembly of the embodiment further comprises a light source 5 arranged in the box body 1 to illuminate the inside of the box body 1. Compared with the natural light outside the box body 1, the light generated by the light source 5 has a shorter propagation distance and a more concentrated brightness inside the box body 1, which is conducive to increasing the contrast between the oil droplet 100 and the background plate 4, thereby reducing the difficulty of the visual detection unit 2 to recognize the oil droplet 100.

[0051] As Figures 2-4 shown, the oil droplet motion observation assembly further comprises a metal plate 7, which is located on the side of the upper plate 3 away from the lower plate in the third direction, that is, the metal plate 7 is located above the upper plate 3, and the metal plate 7 is arranged in a spaced manner with the upper plate 3. The metal plate 7 can enhance the uniformity of the electric field between the upper plate 3 and the lower plate.

[0052] In order to reduce the shielding of the oil droplet hole 11 by the metal plate 7, the metal plate 7 is provided with a second avoiding opening 71, and the projection of the oil droplet hole 11 in the third direction is located in the second avoiding opening 71.

[0053] In order to better block natural light from entering the box body 1, the oil droplet motion observation assembly of the embodiment further comprises a windproof light shield 6, which is covered outside the box body 1. The windproof light shield 6 is provided with a shooting port 61 and an oil injection port 62. The visual detection unit 2 is arranged at the shooting port 61 to allow the visual detection unit 2 to shoot the inside of the box body 1 beyond the side wall of the windproof light shield 6. The oil injection port 62 is located on the side of the upper polar plate 3 away from the lower polar plate in the third direction, that is, the oil injection port 62 is also located above the upper polar plate 3. The atomizer 84 can spray oil droplets 100 to the oil droplet hole 11 through the oil injection port 62. The windproof light shield 6 can block natural wind, so that the oil droplets 100 sprayed at the oil injection port 62 can as much as possible reach the oil droplet hole 11 and enter the inside of the box body 1.

[0054] In addition, the edge of the metal plate 7 can be positioned on the inner wall of the windproof light shield 6 by means of adhesion, so as to allow the metal plate 7 to be arranged in a spaced manner with the upper polar plate.

[0055] The technical features of the above-described embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described, but as long as the combinations of the technical features do not exist contradictory, they should be considered as the scope of the present application.

[0056] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation manners of the present application, and the description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be understood as a limitation on the scope of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. An oil droplet motion observation assembly characterized by comprising: The oil droplet movement observation assembly comprises: a box body (1), an oil dripping hole (11) being formed at a top wall of the box body (1) and extending along a first direction, and a first transparent side wall (12) being formed at a part of side walls of the box body (1); a visual detection unit (2) being located outside the box body (1) and arranged towards the transparent side wall (12), and an axis of the visual detection unit (2) extending along a second direction; a lower pole plate being arranged at a bottom of the box body (1); and an upper pole plate (3) being arranged at the top wall of the box body (1) and oppositely arranged with the lower pole plate along a third direction, the first direction, the second direction and the third direction being perpendicular to each other, and a first avoiding opening being formed at the upper pole plate (3) and being communicated with the oil dripping hole (11). The oil droplet movement observation assembly further comprises a background plate (4) oppositely arranged with the first transparent side wall (12) along the second direction.

2. The oil droplet motion observation assembly according to claim 1, wherein A second light blocking side wall (13) is formed at a part of side walls of the box body (1), the first transparent side wall (12) and the second light blocking side wall (13) are oppositely arranged along the first direction, and the background plate (4) is arranged on the second light blocking side wall (13) and located in the box body (1).

3. The oil droplet motion observation assembly according to claim 2, wherein The oil droplet movement observation assembly further comprises a light source (5) arranged in the box body (1).

4. The oil droplet motion observation assembly according to claim 3, wherein The oil droplet movement observation assembly further comprises a windproof light shield (6) arranged outside the box body (1), a shooting opening (61) and an oil injection opening (62) being formed at the windproof light shield (6), the visual detection unit (2) being arranged at the shooting opening (61), and the oil injection opening (62) being located at a side of the upper pole plate (3) away from the lower pole plate along the third direction.

5. The oil droplet motion observation assembly of claim 4, wherein The oil droplet movement observation assembly further comprises a metal plate (7) located at the side of the upper pole plate (3) away from the lower pole plate along the third direction, and an edge of the metal plate (7) being positioned on an inner wall of the windproof light shield (6) so that the metal plate (7) is arranged in a spaced manner with the upper pole plate (3).

6. The oil droplet motion observation assembly of claim 5, wherein A second avoiding opening (71) is formed at the metal plate (7), and a projection of the oil dripping hole (11) along the third direction is located in the second avoiding opening (71).

7. The oil droplet motion observation assembly of claim 6, wherein A width of the oil dripping hole (11) is 0.1mm-0.5mm.

8. The oil droplet motion observation assembly of claim 1, wherein The oil droplet movement observation assembly comprises a host (81) and the oil droplet movement observation assembly according to any one of claims 1-8, the visual detection unit (2), the lower pole plate and the upper pole plate (3) being electrically connected to the host (81).

9. A Millikan apparatus characterized in that, The Millikan experiment device further comprises a level (82) and a base (83), the level (82), the box body (1) and the visual detection unit (2) being arranged on the base (83).

10. The Millikan apparatus of claim 9, wherein, ​

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