Anti-reflection self-cleaning nano coating
By setting an anti-reflective and anti-reflective layer and a self-cleaning layer on the surface of photovoltaic glass, the problem of reduced light transmittance caused by dirt on the photovoltaic glass surface is solved, achieving self-cleaning and efficient photoelectric conversion.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-05
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-03
AI Technical Summary
Dirt easily adheres to the surface of photovoltaic glass, leading to reduced light transmittance. Cleaning is difficult and costly, which affects the efficiency of photovoltaic modules.
An anti-reflection and anti-reflection layer and a self-cleaning layer are set on the surface of photovoltaic glass. The anti-reflection and anti-reflection layer is composed of nano-SiO2, porous MgF2 or porous CaF2, and the self-cleaning layer is composed of superhydrophobic microcapsules and photocatalytic blocks, combined with MXene monolayer nanosheets and cellulose nanocrystal layers to improve hydrophobicity and photocatalytic ability.
It effectively improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules, reduces the adhesion of dirt, achieves a self-cleaning effect, and maintains good transmittance and stability over a long period of time.
Smart Images
Figure CN223963420U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of photovoltaic glass coatings, and more particularly to an anti-reflective, anti-reflective, self-cleaning nano-coating. Background Technology
[0002] Applying anti-reflective coatings to the surface of photovoltaic glass is currently the most widely used and effective method to reduce sunlight reflection. These coatings effectively reduce the transmittance of sunlight in photovoltaic glass while simultaneously reducing reflection, thereby minimizing light loss due to reflection at the photovoltaic module surface and improving cell efficiency. Even a 1% increase in the transmittance of solar photovoltaic glass can significantly reduce the cost-effectiveness of various photovoltaic modules and shorten the payback period for grid-connected power generation.
[0003] Currently, nano-SiO2 sol is typically deposited onto the surface of photovoltaic glass using the sol-gel method to form an anti-reflection coating. The anti-reflection coating contains a certain number of nanopores to effectively increase the transmittance of incident light in the photovoltaic glass while reducing the reflectance, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic module.
[0004] However, since photovoltaic modules are mostly installed in complex outdoor environments, dirt easily accumulates on the surface of the photovoltaic glass, especially after rain. Rainwater mixed with dirt adheres to the surface of the photovoltaic glass, solidifies, and forms firmly attached grime. This dirt and grime can obstruct the light transmittance of the photovoltaic glass to a certain extent, resulting in a significant reduction. Furthermore, because the number of photovoltaic modules installed is usually very large, the difficulty and workload of subsequent cleaning are enormous, leading to high cleaning costs. Utility Model Content
[0005] In order to maintain good transmittance of sunlight through photovoltaic glass in the long term, this application provides an anti-reflective, anti-reflective, self-cleaning nano-coating.
[0006] The anti-reflective, anti-reflective, and self-cleaning nano-coating provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] An antireflective and anti-reflective self-cleaning nano-coating includes an antireflective layer disposed on the surface of a photovoltaic glass and a self-cleaning layer stacked on the other side of the antireflective layer. The self-cleaning layer includes a superhydrophobic microcapsule layer and a plurality of photocatalytic blocks, wherein the plurality of photocatalytic blocks are embedded in the superhydrophobic microcapsule layer; the side of the superhydrophobic microcapsule layer away from the antireflective layer has a recessed formation of a plurality of micro-nano rough structures.
[0008] By employing the above technical solutions, the anti-reflective coating applied to the surface of photovoltaic glass can effectively increase the transmittance of incident light and reduce the reflectance, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules. The superhydrophobic microcapsule layer is prepared by in-situ polymerization of a highly reactive, hydrophobic liquid compound as the core material in an oil-in-water system. Due to the excellent hydrophobicity of the superhydrophobic microcapsules, and the ability of the coating surface formed by them to create a micro-nano rough structure, the coating surface exhibits better hydrophobicity, anti-sticking, and anti-fouling properties. Furthermore, the photocatalytic block in the self-cleaning layer endows it with good photocatalytic function, enabling the decomposition of small molecule pollutants adhering to the self-cleaning layer under illumination, thus achieving a self-cleaning effect. The superhydrophobic microcapsules enhance the hydrophobicity and anti-sticking properties of the coating surface, reducing the likelihood of rainwater carrying dirt adhering to the photovoltaic glass surface and solidifying into stubborn dirt, further achieving a self-cleaning effect and maintaining good solar transmittance in the photovoltaic glass over a long period.
[0009] Optionally, an MXene monolayer nanosheet colloidal layer is disposed between the self-cleaning layer and the anti-reflective and anti-reflective layer.
[0010] By adopting the above technical solution, the MXene monolayer nanosheet stabilized colloidal layer, due to its two-dimensional structure, provides sites for the mounting and adsorption of superhydrophobic microcapsules and nano-titanium dioxide in the self-cleaning layer, which is more conducive to the MXene monolayer nanosheet playing the role of a co-catalyst, improving the photocatalytic ability of nano-titanium dioxide, thereby further enhancing the self-cleaning ability of the coating, so as to better maintain the good transmittance of sunlight in photovoltaic glass in the long term.
[0011] Optionally, the thickness of the self-cleaning layer is 140-160 nm.
[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the self-cleaning layer of the above thickness can better achieve its hydrophobic, anti-stick and anti-fouling effects.
[0013] Optionally, the antireflective and anti-reflective layer is a nano-SiO2 layer, a porous MgF2 layer, or a porous CaF2 layer.
[0014] By adopting the above technical solutions, nano-SiO2 layers, porous MgF2 layers, and porous CaF2 layers can all introduce pores into the coating to effectively increase transmittance and reduce reflectivity.
[0015] Optionally, the thickness of the antireflective and anti-reflective layer is 200-220 nm.
[0016] By adopting the above technical solution, the anti-reflection and anti-reflection layer of the above thickness can increase the transmittance of incident light in photovoltaic glass to a greater extent while reducing the reflectance.
[0017] Optionally, two intermediate adhesive layers and a cellulose nanocrystal layer sandwiched between the antireflective and anti-reflective layers and the self-cleaning layer are provided, with the two intermediate adhesive layers respectively bonded to the antireflective and anti-reflective layers and the self-cleaning layer.
[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, cellulose nanocrystals possess excellent mechanical properties such as high crystallinity, high strength, and high Young's modulus. The cellulose nanocrystal layer can significantly improve the mechanical properties, rigidity, and thermal stability of the coating, effectively enhancing its strength and thermal stability, making it less prone to cracking or even peeling in complex outdoor environments. Simultaneously, to overcome the shortcomings of cellulose nanocrystals, such as poor adhesion and easy detachment, two intermediate adhesive layers are used to more firmly fix the cellulose nanocrystal layer between the anti-reflective and anti-reflective layer and the self-cleaning layer, thereby reducing the possibility of coating delamination.
[0019] Optionally, the thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer is 25-30 nm, and the thickness of the cellulose nanocrystal layer is 40-50 nm.
[0020] By adopting the above technical solution, the cellulose nanocrystal layer of the above thickness can better improve the strength and thermal stability of the coating, while the intermediate adhesive of the above thickness can better fix the cellulose nanocrystal layer between the anti-reflective and anti-reflective layer and the self-cleaning layer.
[0021] Optionally, the intermediate adhesive layer is a tannic acid layer and / or an amine polymer layer.
[0022] By adopting the above technical solution, the amino groups in the amine polymer and the catechol groups in the tannic acid can both serve as anchoring points for cellulose nanocrystals. By utilizing the synergistic effect of electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and coordination reaction between the amino and catechol groups in the intermediate adhesive layer and the cellulose nanocrystal layer, the cellulose nanocrystal layer can be fixed between the anti-reflective and anti-reflective layer and the self-cleaning layer.
[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the amino groups in the amine polymer and the catechol groups in the tannic acid can both serve as anchoring points for cellulose nanocrystals. By utilizing the synergistic effect of electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and coordination reaction between the amino and catechol groups in the intermediate adhesive layer and the cellulose nanocrystal layer, the cellulose nanocrystal layer can be fixed between the anti-reflective and anti-reflective layer and the self-cleaning layer.
[0024] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
[0025] 1. By using superhydrophobic microcapsules, the coating surface has better hydrophobicity and anti-stick properties, which can reduce the situation where rainwater carries dirt to adhere to the photovoltaic glass surface and solidify into firm dirt. At the same time, the photocatalytic block can catalytically decompose the attached small molecule pollutants under light, further achieving a self-cleaning effect, thereby maintaining good solar transmittance in photovoltaic glass for a long time.
[0026] 2. The MXene monolayer nanosheet stabilized colloidal layer provides sites for the mounting and adsorption of superhydrophobic microcapsules and nano-titanium dioxide in the self-cleaning layer due to its two-dimensional structure. This makes it more conducive for the MXene monolayer nanosheet to play the role of a co-catalyst, improve the photocatalytic ability of nano-titanium dioxide, and further enhance the self-cleaning ability of the coating, so as to better maintain the good transmittance of sunlight in photovoltaic glass in the long term.
[0027] 3. Due to the excellent mechanical properties of cellulose nanocrystals, such as high crystallinity, high strength, and high Young's modulus, the cellulose nanocrystal layer can significantly improve the mechanical properties, rigidity, and thermal stability of the coating, effectively enhancing the strength and thermal stability of the coating, making it less prone to cracking or even peeling off in complex outdoor environments. Attached Figure Description
[0028] Figure 1 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of an embodiment of this application.
[0029] Figure reference numerals: 1. Anti-reflective and anti-reflective layer; 2. Self-cleaning layer; 3. MXene monolayer nanosheet colloidal layer; 4. Intermediate adhesive layer; 5. Cellulose nanocrystal layer; 6. Photovoltaic glass. Detailed Implementation
[0030] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 This application will be described in further detail.
[0031] This application discloses an anti-reflective, anti-reflective, and self-cleaning nano-coating. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The anti-reflective and anti-reflective self-cleaning nano-coating includes an anti-reflective and anti-reflective layer 1 and a self-cleaning layer 2. The anti-reflective and anti-reflective layer 1 and the self-cleaning layer 2 are sequentially stacked on the surface of the photovoltaic glass 6. The anti-reflective and anti-reflective layer 1 is used to improve the transmittance of sunlight in the photovoltaic glass 6, and the self-cleaning layer 2 is used to improve the self-cleaning properties of the coating, such as hydrophobicity, anti-sticking and anti-fouling.
[0032] Reference Figure 1To effectively improve the transmittance of sunlight in the photovoltaic glass 6, the anti-reflection and anti-reflection layer 1 is a nano-SiO2 layer, a porous MgF2 layer, or a porous CaF2 layer. The nano-SiO2 layer is formed by depositing nano-SiO2 onto the surface of the photovoltaic glass 6. The porous MgF2 layer or porous CaF2 layer is formed by depositing MgF2 or CaF2 onto the surface of the photovoltaic glass 6 and then subjecting it to heat treatment to generate a gas phase. The thickness of the anti-reflection and anti-reflection layer 1 is 200-220 nm. In the embodiment of this application, the anti-reflection and anti-reflection layer 1 is a nano-SiO2 layer, and the thickness of the anti-reflection and anti-reflection layer 1 is 210 nm.
[0033] Nano-SiO2 layer, porous MgF2 layer, and porous CaF2 layer can all introduce pores into the coating to effectively increase transmittance and reduce reflectance. Furthermore, the anti-reflection and anti-reflection layer 1 of the above thickness can further increase the transmittance of incident light in photovoltaic glass 6 while reducing reflectance, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules.
[0034] Reference Figure 1 To effectively improve the self-cleaning properties of the coating, such as hydrophobicity, anti-sticking and anti-fouling, the self-cleaning layer includes a superhydrophobic microcapsule layer and several photocatalytic blocks. Several photocatalytic blocks are embedded in the superhydrophobic microcapsule layer, and some photocatalytic blocks can protrude from the surface of the superhydrophobic microcapsule layer. Several micro-nano rough structures are formed inward on the side of the superhydrophobic microcapsule layer away from the anti-reflection and anti-reflection layer.
[0035] The thickness of the self-cleaning layer 2 is 140-160 nm, and in this embodiment, the thickness of the self-cleaning layer 2 is 150 nm. The superhydrophobic microcapsule layer is prepared by in-situ polymerization of a highly reactive, hydrophobic liquid compound as the core material in an oil-in-water system. In this embodiment, vinyltrimethoxysilane is used as the core material.
[0036] The photocatalyst block is formed by mixing nanosphere emulsion and nano-titanium dioxide. In this embodiment, a superhydrophobic microcapsule layer can also be mixed simultaneously. In another embodiment, the superhydrophobic microcapsule layer can be first coated onto the antireflective and antireflective layer 1, and then several photocatalyst blocks can be embedded in the incompletely cured superhydrophobic microcapsule layer. The superhydrophobic microcapsule layer is made of a superhydrophobic microcapsule coating with excellent hydrophobicity. The coating surface formed by the superhydrophobic microcapsules can form a micro-nano rough structure, giving the coating surface better hydrophobic, anti-stick, and anti-fouling properties. Furthermore, nano-titanium dioxide, with its ultra-large specific surface area and good photosensitivity, has become the most widely used photocatalyst, which can endow the self-cleaning layer 2 with good photocatalytic function. Under light irradiation, it can decompose small molecule pollutants attached to the self-cleaning layer 2, thereby achieving a self-cleaning effect.
[0037] The superhydrophobic microcapsules give the coating surface better hydrophobicity and anti-stick properties, which can reduce the situation where rainwater carries dirt to adhere to the surface of photovoltaic glass 6 and solidify into stubborn dirt. At the same time, nano titanium dioxide can decompose the attached small molecule pollutants under light, further achieving a self-cleaning effect, thereby maintaining good sunlight transmittance of photovoltaic glass 6 for a long time.
[0038] Reference Figure 1 The MXene monolayer nanosheet colloidal layer 3 is formed by coating MXene hydrogel onto the antireflective and antireflective layer 1. Due to its two-dimensional structure, the MXene monolayer nanosheet stabilized colloid provides sites for the mounting and adsorption of superhydrophobic microcapsules and nano-titanium dioxide in the self-cleaning layer 2, further facilitating the MXene monolayer nanosheets to exert their co-catalyst properties and enhancing the photocatalytic ability of nano-titanium dioxide. This further improves the self-cleaning ability of the coating, thus better maintaining the long-term good transmittance of sunlight through the photovoltaic glass 6.
[0039] Reference Figure 1 To effectively improve the strength and thermal stability of the coating, a cellulose nanocrystal layer 5 and two intermediate adhesive layers 4 are disposed between the antireflective and anti-reflective layer 1 and the self-cleaning layer 2. The cellulose nanocrystal layer 5 is sandwiched between the two intermediate adhesive layers 4, with one intermediate adhesive layer 4 bonded to the antireflective and anti-reflective layer 1 and the other intermediate adhesive layer 4 bonded to the self-cleaning layer 2. The thickness of the cellulose nanocrystal layer 5 is 40-50 nm, and in this embodiment, the thickness of the cellulose nanocrystal layer 5 is 40 nm.
[0040] Because cellulose nanocrystals possess excellent mechanical properties such as high crystallinity, high strength, and high Young's modulus, the cellulose nanocrystal layer 5 can significantly improve the mechanical properties, rigidity, and thermal stability of the coating, effectively enhancing the strength and thermal stability of the coating and making it less prone to cracking or even peeling off in complex outdoor environments; furthermore, the aforementioned thickness of the cellulose nanocrystal layer 5 can better improve the strength and thermal stability of the coating.
[0041] Reference Figure 1 To overcome the drawbacks of poor adhesion and easy detachment of cellulose nanocrystals, the intermediate adhesive layer 4 is coated with tannic acid and / or amine polymers, and the thickness of the intermediate adhesive is 25-30 nm. In the embodiments of this application, the intermediate adhesive layer 4 is coated with tannic acid, and the thickness of the intermediate adhesive is 30 nm.
[0042] The amino groups in amine polymers and the catechol groups in tannic acid can both serve as anchoring sites for cellulose nanocrystals. Utilizing the synergistic effect of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and coordination reactions between the amino and catechol groups of the intermediate adhesive layer 4 and the cellulose nanocrystal layer 5, and through the two intermediate adhesive layers 4, the cellulose nanocrystal layer 5 can be more firmly fixed between the anti-reflective and anti-reflective layer 1 and the self-cleaning layer 2, thus reducing the possibility of coating delamination. Furthermore, the aforementioned thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer can better fix the cellulose nanocrystal layer 5 between the anti-reflective and anti-reflective layer 1 and the self-cleaning layer 2.
[0043] The implementation principle of the anti-reflective, anti-reflective, and self-cleaning nano-coating in this application embodiment is as follows: The anti-reflective and anti-reflective layer 1, coated on the surface of photovoltaic glass 6, can effectively increase the transmittance of incident light on photovoltaic glass 6 and reduce the reflectance, thereby effectively improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules. The superhydrophobic microcapsules give the coating surface better hydrophobicity and anti-stick properties, reducing the likelihood of rainwater carrying dirt adhering to the surface of photovoltaic glass 6 and solidifying into stubborn dirt. Simultaneously, nano-titanium dioxide can decompose the attached small-molecule pollutants under light irradiation, further achieving a self-cleaning effect, thus maintaining good transmittance of sunlight on photovoltaic glass 6 for a long time. The MXene monolayer nanosheet stabilizing colloidal layer can improve the photocatalytic ability of nano-titanium dioxide, further enhancing the self-cleaning ability of the coating, and better maintaining good transmittance of sunlight on photovoltaic glass 6 for a long time.
[0044] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A self-cleaning nano-coating that reduces reflection and enhances light transmission, characterized in that: It includes an anti-reflection and anti-reflection layer (1) disposed on the surface layer (6) of photovoltaic glass and a self-cleaning layer (2) stacked on the other side of the anti-reflection and anti-reflection layer (1). The self-cleaning layer (2) includes a superhydrophobic microcapsule layer and a number of photocatalyst blocks. The number of photocatalyst blocks are embedded in the superhydrophobic microcapsule layer. The side of the superhydrophobic microcapsule layer away from the anti-reflection and anti-reflection layer (1) is concave to form a number of micro-nano rough structures.
2. The anti-reflective, anti-reflective, self-cleaning nano-coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: An MXene monolayer nanosheet colloidal layer (3) is disposed between the self-cleaning layer (2) and the anti-reflective and anti-reflective layer (1).
3. The anti-reflective, anti-reflective, self-cleaning nano-coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the self-cleaning layer (2) is 140-160 nm.
4. The anti-reflective, anti-reflective, self-cleaning nano-coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anti-reflection and anti-reflection layer (1) is a nano-SiO2 layer, a porous MgF2 layer, or a porous CaF2 layer.
5. The anti-reflective, anti-reflective, self-cleaning nano-coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the antireflective and anti-reflective layer (1) is 200-220 nm.
6. The anti-reflective, anti-reflective, self-cleaning nano-coating according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two intermediate adhesive layers (4) and a cellulose nanocrystal layer (5) sandwiched between the anti-reflective and anti-reflective layer (1) and the self-cleaning layer (2) are provided, with the two intermediate adhesive layers (4) respectively bonded to the anti-reflective and anti-reflective layer (1) and the self-cleaning layer (2).
7. The anti-reflective, anti-reflective, self-cleaning nano-coating according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thickness of the intermediate adhesive layer (4) is 25-30 nm, and the thickness of the cellulose nanocrystal layer (5) is 40-50 nm.
8. The anti-reflective, anti-reflective, self-cleaning nano-coating according to claim 7, characterized in that: The intermediate adhesive layer (4) is a tannic acid layer and / or an amine polymer layer.