Reactor with cooling structure
By installing a box on the outer wall of the reactor and introducing coolant, the problem of uneven temperature in the production of silicon-carbon anode materials was solved, achieving more efficient temperature control and silane utilization, and improving material performance.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-06
AI Technical Summary
In the existing silicon-carbon anode material production process, the segmented heating system is costly, has complex temperature control, and is not very effective. The rapid heat transfer in the metal reactor leads to uneven temperature, which affects the silane deposition effect.
Design a reactor with a cooling structure, adopt an integrated heating mechanism, and set a box on the outer wall of the reactor to introduce coolant, reduce the impact of high-temperature heating pipes on low-temperature areas, and achieve uniform temperature control by neutralizing heat through the box.
It improves the segmented temperature control effect, reduces costs, simplifies control, and enhances silane utilization and the performance of silicon-carbon anode materials.
Smart Images
Figure CN223969943U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of electrode material production equipment, specifically relating to a reactor with a cooling structure. Background Technology
[0002] Silicon-carbon anode material is an advanced anode material in the field of lithium-ion batteries. It combines the advantages of silicon and carbon, improving battery performance.
[0003] Currently, the conventional method for preparing silicon-carbon anode materials in production is chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This involves introducing silicon and carbon source gases into a reactor, heating them at high temperatures to cause decomposition, embedding and coating silicon into the pores and surface of porous carbon, resulting in porous silicon-carbon materials. A layer of carbon is then coated onto the surface of the porous silicon-carbon material to obtain the silicon-carbon anode material. Due to the high cost of silanes, existing technologies employ segmented heating to improve silane utilization. However, segmented heating electrothermal systems are costly and complex to control. Furthermore, the reactors are often made of metal, resulting in rapid heat transfer, and the lower-temperature regions are affected by the higher-temperature heating elements, making segmented temperature control ineffective. Therefore, to address these issues and technical requirements, it is necessary to improve existing fluidized bed reactors. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a reactor with a cooling structure. This reactor is simple in structure and highly practical. The heating mechanism adopts an integrated structure, which reduces costs and simplifies control. In particular, by setting up a housing and introducing coolant, the impact of the high-temperature heating tube on the area requiring a lower temperature is reduced, thus improving the effect of segmented temperature control.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is:
[0006] A reactor with a cooling structure includes a reactor shell; the reactor shell has an inlet and an outlet; a heating mechanism is provided on the side wall of the reactor shell; a box is provided on the outer side wall of the reactor shell; the heating mechanism is located between the inlet and the outlet; the box has a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet.
[0007] In this invention, since silane pyrolysis is an exothermic reaction, it releases heat to the surrounding environment, causing a local temperature rise. By setting a box on the outer wall of the reactor shell, and introducing coolant into the box during actual production, the temperature of the area where the box is located in the reactor cavity is less affected by the heating pipes in other areas and is lower than the temperature of other areas. This neutralizes the heat released by silane pyrolysis, making the temperature of each area in the reactor cavity more uniform, reducing the problem of local overheating, and avoiding excessively high temperatures that could affect the silane deposition effect.
[0008] Furthermore, the heating mechanism is located on the outer or inner wall of the reactor shell. As is common knowledge, when the heating mechanism is located on the outer wall of the reactor shell, the outer wall of the reactor shell is equipped with a conventional heat insulation and damage prevention structure, and the heating mechanism is located between the reactor shell and the heat insulation and damage prevention structure.
[0009] Preferably, the heating mechanism is a heating tube. The heating tube is used to heat the entire reactor, providing the heat required for production.
[0010] Furthermore, the number of heating mechanisms is multiple, and one or more housings are provided between each pair of adjacent heating mechanisms.
[0011] Preferably, the housing is located in the central region of the reactor's reaction zone. More preferably, the height of the reactor's reaction zone is 2 to 5 times the height of the housing. Even more preferably, the height of the reactor's reaction zone is 3 to 4 times the height of the housing. The reaction zone refers to the area in the reactor where the heating mechanism is located, providing heat for silane deposition and carbon coating.
[0012] For carbon anode materials, the housing is located in the central region of the reactor's reaction zone. This ensures that the temperature in the central region is lower than in other areas, which is beneficial for the silane cracking reaction, improving deposition efficiency and silane utilization. Silicon source gas is introduced into the reactor chamber, preheating the bottom region of the reaction zone to the deposition temperature to support subsequent silane cracking. In the central region, silane cracks and deposits onto porous carbon. In the top region, silane continues to be heated, promoting the further reaction of incompletely cracked silane. Since silane cracking is an exothermic reaction, it releases heat to the surrounding environment, causing localized temperature increases. By using the housing, the temperature in all regions of the reactor chamber becomes more uniform, reducing localized overheating and preventing excessively high temperatures from affecting silane deposition. As the bed height increases, the silane concentration decreases; continued heating of the silane in the top region further promotes the reaction of incompletely cracked silane.
[0013] Preferably, the housing is detachably connected to the reactor shell. In actual production, the housing can be removed as needed to meet different process requirements.
[0014] Furthermore, the bottom of the reactor shell is provided with a silicon-carbon gas inlet and an inert gas inlet. The silicon-carbon gas inlet is used to introduce the required silicon and carbon sources into the reactor cavity, and the inert gas inlet is used to introduce the required inert gas into the reactor cavity.
[0015] Preferably, the reactor with a cooling structure further includes a coolant recovery chamber and a silicon source gas delivery pipe; the silicon source gas delivery pipe is in contact with the coolant recovery chamber. The coolant recovery chamber is used to recover coolant, which has a relatively high temperature. The silicon source gas delivery pipe is in contact with the coolant recovery chamber, which can preheat the silicon source gas before it is introduced into the reactor, thereby improving thermal efficiency and silane deposition efficiency.
[0016] Furthermore, a stirring device is provided at the bottom of the reactor shell. The stirring device is used to stir the porous carbon, maintain its fluidized state, and prevent agglomeration and clumping. In practical applications, the stirring device can be a stirring blade or other conventional stirring device, as long as it can stir the porous carbon, without affecting the realization of the technical effect of this utility model.
[0017] As is common knowledge, the reactor with a cooling structure of this utility model has the basic components and structure of a conventional reactor, such as an outlet and functional ports. The functional ports include a temperature measuring port, a pressure measuring port, and a safety valve. The outlet is used to discharge the exhaust gas generated during production. Conventionally, to prevent powder from flowing out of the reactor, a filter element is installed in the outlet. In actual production, the outlet is backflushed intermittently to prevent the filter element from clogging. The temperature measuring port is used to monitor the temperature of different areas inside the reactor in real time, and adjust the temperature of the heating tube according to the temperature to ensure uniform heating of the material and achieve effective management and optimization of the silane cracking reaction. The pressure measuring port is used to monitor the pressure of different areas inside the reactor in real time, and adjust the gas flow rate according to the pressure to ensure that the internal pressure of the reactor remains stable to maintain a good fluidization state. When the pressure inside the reactor cavity is too high, the gas can be released through the safety valve.
[0018] Due to the application of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of this utility model compared with the prior art are as follows: By setting up a box, coolant can be introduced into the box during actual production, which reduces the impact of the high-temperature heating tube on the area requiring a lower temperature, improves the effect of segmented temperature control, and improves the performance of silicon-carbon anode material; the box and reactor shell are detachably connected, and the box can be removed as needed, which is highly flexible and can meet different process requirements. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the reactor with a cooling structure in Example 1.
[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the reactor with a cooling structure in Comparative Example 1.
[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the reactor with a cooling structure in Comparative Example 2.
[0022] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the reactor with a cooling structure in Example 2.
[0023] The components include: reactor shell 1, feed inlet 2, discharge outlet 3, heating mechanism 4, box body 5, silicon carbide gas inlet 6, inert gas inlet 7, stirring equipment 8, gas outlet 9, temperature measuring port 10, pressure measuring port 11, safety valve port 12, coolant inlet 501, and coolant outlet 502. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The specific components involved are prior art, and the specific components are provided with conventional mounting holes. The connection and usage methods between the specific components are conventional technologies.
[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention. For example, the terms “upper,” “lower,” “horizontal,” “top,” “bottom,” “inner,” etc., indicate the orientation or position based on the orientation or position shown in the drawings and are only for ease of description and should not be construed as limiting the technical solution.
[0026] The raw materials used in this invention are existing products that meet the conventional requirements for silicon-carbon anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The specific preparation operations (such as dispersion, mixing, drying, heat treatment, etc.) and performance testing are all conventional techniques.
[0027] Porous carbon is a common porous carbon material on the market, with D00, D50, and D100 particle sizes of 2.0-2.5, 8.5-9.5, and 18-22, respectively. Those skilled in the art can also prepare it using conventional methods. Unless otherwise specified, all silanes used in the experiments are methylene silanes. Example 1
[0028] like Figure 1 As shown:
[0029] A reactor with a cooling structure includes a reactor shell 1; the reactor shell is provided with an inlet 2 and an outlet 3; the outer wall of the reactor shell is provided with a heating mechanism 4 and a box 5; the heating mechanism is located between the inlet and the outlet; the box is provided with a coolant inlet 501 and a coolant outlet 502.
[0030] The heating mechanism consists of six heating tubes, with a housing between each pair of adjacent heating mechanisms.
[0031] The tank is located in the middle of the reactor's reaction zone, and the height of the reactor's reaction zone is 3.5 times the height of the tank.
[0032] The housing and reactor shell are detachably connected by bolts. In actual production, other conventional connectors can also be used, as long as they can secure the housing.
[0033] The bottom of the reactor shell is equipped with a silicon-carbon gas inlet 6 and an inert gas inlet 7.
[0034] A stirring device 8 is installed at the bottom of the reactor shell. The stirring device uses stirring blades and is driven by a conventional motor. The specific connection method and usage method are conventional technology.
[0035] As is common knowledge, the outer wall of the reactor shell is equipped with a conventional heat insulation and damage prevention structure, and the heating mechanism is located between the reactor shell and the heat insulation and damage prevention structure. The reactor with a cooling structure of this invention has the basic components and structure of a conventional reactor, such as an outlet 9 and functional ports, including a temperature measuring port 10, a pressure measuring port 11, and a safety valve port 12. Conventionally, to prevent powder from flowing out of the reactor, a filter element is installed in the outlet. In actual production, the outlet is backflushed intermittently to prevent the filter element from clogging.
[0036] The specific method of using the reactor with cooling structure of this utility model is as follows:
[0037] (1) Fix the box to the outer wall of the reactor shell and introduce coolant;
[0038] (2) Silicon deposition: Porous carbon is placed into the reactor chamber, and stirring is started at the same time and silane is introduced. The gas flow rate is 22.5 L / min, the protective gas is nitrogen, the gas flow rate is 25 L / min, the deposition time is 6.5 h, and the temperature of the heating tube is 540 °C. After deposition, porous silicon-carbon material is obtained.
[0039] (3) Remove the casing;
[0040] (4) Carbon coating: The above porous silicon-carbon material was subjected to conventional gas phase carbon coating. The carbon source gas used was acetylene, and the protective gas was nitrogen. The flow rates of acetylene and nitrogen were 20 L / min and 18 L / min, respectively. The coating time was 5 h, and the temperature of the heating tube was 550 °C. Silicon-carbon anode material was obtained.
[0041] Furthermore, the temperature and pressure in different areas inside the reactor are monitored in real time through temperature and pressure measuring ports. The temperature of the heating tubes is adjusted routinely based on the temperature, and the gas flow rate inside the reactor is adjusted routinely based on the pressure. The gas outlet is backflushed at regular intervals. When the pressure inside the reactor chamber is too high, the safety valve is opened to release gas. Comparative Example 1
[0042] Based on Embodiment 1, the difference in this embodiment is that the housing is omitted, and the heating mechanism is a three-section heating tube. See [link to Embodiment 1]. Figure 2 The rest are the same. Comparative Example 2
[0043] Based on Embodiment 1, the difference in this embodiment is that the box body is omitted. See [link to Embodiment 1]. Figure 3 The rest are the same.
[0044] Application Experiment
[0045] Following the above-described method, silicon-carbon anode materials were prepared using the apparatus of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2, respectively. The specific surface area of the silicon-carbon anode materials prepared by each apparatus was measured using conventional methods, as shown in Table 1.
[0046] Table 1 Specific surface area of silicon-carbon anode materials
[0047]
[0048] It can be seen that the silicon-carbon anode material prepared by the reactor with cooling structure of this invention has a smaller specific surface area than that of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, indicating that the silane utilization rate is high and the silane loss is reduced. When applied to batteries, it can improve the energy density and cycle performance of the batteries. Example 2
[0049] Based on Embodiment 1, the difference in this embodiment is that the heating mechanism is located on the inner wall of the reactor shell, see [link to Embodiment 1]. Figure 4 The rest are the same. Example 3
[0050] Based on Example 1, this example differs in that the reactor with a cooling structure also includes a coolant recovery chamber and a silicon source gas delivery pipe; the silicon source gas delivery pipe is in contact with the coolant recovery chamber, and the rest is the same. The coolant recovery chamber is used to recover coolant, which has a relatively high temperature. The silicon source gas delivery pipe is in contact with the coolant recovery chamber, which can preheat the silicon source gas before it is introduced into the reactor, thereby improving thermal efficiency and silane deposition efficiency.
[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A reactor with cooling structure, characterized by: The reactor shell is provided with a feeding port and a discharging port; the lateral wall of the reactor shell is provided with a heating mechanism; the lateral wall of the reactor shell is provided with a box; the heating mechanism and the box are located between the feeding port and the discharging port; the box is provided with a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet.
2. The reactor with cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating mechanism is located on the lateral wall or the inner lateral wall of the reactor shell.
3. The reactor with cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heating mechanism is a heating pipe.
4. The reactor with cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the heating mechanisms is multiple, and one or more boxes are arranged between every two adjacent heating mechanisms.
5. The reactor with cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box is located in the middle region of the reaction region of the reactor.
6. The reactor with cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the reaction region of the reactor is 2-5 times the height of the box.
7. The reactor with cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The box is detachably connected with the reactor shell.
8. The reactor with cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the reactor shell is provided with a silicon-carbon gas inlet and an inert gas inlet.
9. The reactor with cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reactor with the cooling structure further comprises a cooling liquid recovery cavity and a silicon source gas delivery pipe; the silicon source gas delivery pipe is in contact with the cooling liquid recovery cavity.
10. The reactor with cooling structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the reactor shell is provided with a stirring device.