Rigidity-adjustable damping fastener

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of rail transit vibration damping fasteners, and discloses a rigidity-adjustable vibration damping fastener, which sequentially comprises an upper iron plate, upper iron plate retaining shoulders arranged at two ends of the upper iron plate, an under-plate elastic base plate and a lower iron plate along a rail falling direction, and lower iron plate retaining shoulders arranged at two ends of the lower iron plate. According to the utility model, the under-plate elastic base plate, the upper iron plate, the lower iron plate and the transverse stop block are arranged, so that the fastener has large vertical displacement and low rigidity, the transverse extrusion rigidity and the shearing performance are ensured, and the combined damping effect of a compression type structure and a shearing type structure is achieved; the upper iron plate shoulder retaining part, the transverse stop block and the lower iron plate shoulder retaining part are sequentially matched, and it is guaranteed that the fastener has high transverse rigidity under low-vertical-rigidity movement.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of vibration damping fasteners, specifically relating to a stiffness-adjustable vibration damping fastener. Background Technology

[0002] While urban rail transit brings convenience to people's travel, it also brings vibration and noise pollution problems to surrounding buildings due to the dynamic high-frequency coupling between wheel and rail and track irregularities. Based on the vibration reduction requirements along the line, common vibration isolation measures on the track structure are classified as medium-grade, high-grade, and special-grade. Vibration-damping fasteners are the preferred high-grade measure in the vibration reduction and noise reduction retrofit of subway lines due to their convenient installation and disassembly, high construction efficiency, and low cost.

[0003] Common vibration damping fastener structures are divided into shear type and compression type. A single shear type fastener structure, after long-term service, suffers from severe wheel-rail wear due to rubber aging and delamination, as well as low lateral stiffness, amplifying vibration and increasing the level of track vibration and noise. A single compression type fastener structure, due to its self-locking upper and lower iron plates and sandwich spring layer, not only leads to dynamic increases in gauge on curved sections with increasing service life, but also has relatively low actual vibration reduction on the track.

[0004] Vibration reduction measures for rail transit mainly isolate vibration energy by increasing the vertical dynamic displacement of the track support structure or reducing the support stiffness, thereby reducing the transmission of vibration energy along the tunnel structure to surrounding buildings.

[0005] A search revealed a shoulder-type vibration damping fastener suitable for subway mainlines, disclosed in publication number CN210420730U. This fastener comprises, sequentially arranged upwards between the rail and short sleepers, a rail underplate, a base iron plate, a shaped vibration isolation pad, a floating iron plate, and another rail underplate. The base iron plate has a shaped cavity in the center, within which the shaped vibration isolation pad is located. Shoulders are provided on both sides of the base iron plate. A lateral elastic body is clamped between the shoulders of the base iron plate and the outer wall of the floating iron plate. This fastener provides simultaneous lateral and longitudinal limiting, exhibiting excellent vibration isolation performance while ensuring train operation safety.

[0006] The aforementioned patent has two problems: First, the poor fit between the base iron pad, the floating iron pad, and the side elastic body causes misalignment of the horizontal baffles of the floating iron pad and the base iron pad during assembly, making it impossible to level them; second, when the wheel-rail axle load increases, the floating iron pad and the base iron pad come into direct contact and collide, thereby amplifying the vibration level under the wheel-rail coupling effect. Utility Model Content

[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a stiffness-adjustable vibration-damping fastener. This utility model incorporates an elastic pad under the plate, an upper iron plate, a lower iron plate, and a transverse stop. The aim is to enable the fastener to have large vertical displacement and low stiffness, while ensuring lateral compression stiffness and shear performance, achieving a combined vibration-damping effect of compression and shear structures. Furthermore, the upper iron plate shoulder, the transverse stop, and the lower iron plate shoulder cooperate sequentially to prevent direct contact and collision between the upper and lower iron plates, thereby reducing the vibration level under wheel-rail coupling. This ensures the fastener has high lateral stiffness while also exhibiting shear motion, and solves the problems of misalignment and installation that exist in existing technologies.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] An adjustable stiffness vibration damping fastener uses a spring clip to press the rail against the center of the sleeper. The direction from the spring clip vertically towards the sleeper is taken as the rail drop direction. The rail web has a vertical surface, which is used as a reference surface. The vibration damping fastener includes, sequentially along the rail drop direction, the following components:

[0010] The upper iron plate has shoulder sections at both ends facing each other along the reference surface.

[0011] Underboard elastic pad

[0012] The lower iron plate has shoulder sections facing each other at both ends along the reference surface. The upper iron plate, the lower elastic pad, and the lower iron plate are sequentially matched along the rail drop direction. The shoulder sections of the upper iron plate and the shoulder sections of the lower iron plate are matched by transverse blocks. The two shoulder sections of the upper iron plate, the two transverse blocks, and the two shoulder sections of the lower iron plate are all inclined and expanded outward relative to the rail.

[0013] The adjustable bolt has a bidirectional threaded portion, which serves as an upper threaded portion and a lower threaded portion. The upper threaded portion engages with the upper iron plate, and the lower threaded portion engages with the lower iron plate and the threaded hole of the sleeper sleeve on the sleeper along the rail drop direction.

[0014] Preferably, the upper iron plate shoulder, the transverse stop block, and the lower iron plate shoulder correspond to each other, and the side of the upper iron plate shoulder facing the reference surface is an inclined surface with an inclination angle of 0-90°.

[0015] Preferably, the upper iron plate further has an upper iron plate base, the upper iron plate base is connected to the upper iron plate shoulder, and the lower surface of the upper iron plate base has a limiting pin;

[0016] The lower iron plate also has a lower iron plate base, which is connected to the lower iron plate shoulder. The lower iron plate base is provided with a limiting hole that cooperates with the limiting pin. The limiting pin cooperates with the limiting hole to connect the upper iron plate base and the lower iron plate base.

[0017] Preferably, the upper surface of the upper iron plate shoulder has a T-shaped pressure plate, the upper surface of the transverse block has a T-shaped notch that matches the T-shaped pressure plate, the side wall of the transverse block has a horizontal boss, and the lower iron plate shoulder has a beveled hole that matches the horizontal boss. The T-shaped pressure plate matches the T-shaped notch, and the horizontal boss is inserted into the beveled hole, so that the upper iron plate shoulder, the transverse block and the lower iron plate shoulder are connected.

[0018] Preferably, the upper surface of the base of the lower iron plate has a stepped groove, and the lower surface of the elastic pad under the plate has a stepped skirt. The stepped groove and the stepped skirt cooperate to make the upper iron plate and the lower iron plate indirectly contact each other.

[0019] Preferably, the base of the lower iron plate has an opening along the direction of the rail drop, and the center of the stepped groove is collinear with the center of the opening.

[0020] The elastic pad under the plate is provided with a base plate and nail posts in opposite directions along the drop rail direction, and the lower surface of the base plate is mounted on the upper surface of the stepped skirt. There are several nail posts, which are divided into two groups. One group of nail posts is located on the lower surface of the stepped skirt, and the other group of nail posts is located on the upper surface of the base plate.

[0021] The stepped skirt is installed on the stepped groove, and the studs on the lower surface of the stepped skirt are in contact with the sleeper, while the studs on the lower surface of the base plate are in contact with the base of the upper iron plate.

[0022] Preferably, the thickness of the elastic pad under the plate is greater than the thickness of the lower iron plate.

[0023] Preferably, the vibration damping fastener further includes a rail-mounted elastic pad, which is installed between the lower surface of the rail and the upper surface of the base of the upper iron plate, and contacts both the lower surface of the rail and the upper surface of the base of the upper iron plate.

[0024] Preferably, the adjustable bolt has a smooth rod portion, and the two ends of the smooth rod portion are respectively connected to the upper threaded portion and the lower threaded portion. The smooth rod portion is provided with a lower positioning boss, and the upper threaded portion is threadedly connected to an upper nut. When the upper threaded portion and the upper nut are threadedly engaged, and the lower threaded portion is engaged with the base of the lower iron plate along the rail drop direction and with the threaded hole of the sleeper sleeve, the upper nut locks the upper threaded portion and the base of the upper iron plate, and the lower positioning boss contacts the base of the lower iron plate.

[0025] Preferably, a hexagonal screw is connected to the upper threaded portion in the opposite direction of the rail drop direction, and a positioning cap is provided on the upper nut, which matches the hexagonal screw.

[0026] Preferably, a lower iron plate base through hole is provided at the edge of the lower iron plate base, and a sleeper sleeve threaded hole is provided on the sleeper and corresponds to the lower iron plate base through hole. An upper iron plate base lug is provided at the edge of the upper iron plate base, and an upper iron plate base lug through hole corresponding to the lower iron plate base through hole is provided on the upper iron plate base lug. The upper threaded part passes through the upper iron plate base lug through hole in the opposite direction of rail drop, so that the upper threaded part is located above the upper iron plate base lug, and the upper threaded part is locked by an upper nut, and the lower surface of the upper nut contacts the upper iron plate base lug. The lower threaded part is respectively engaged with the lower iron plate base through hole and the threaded part engaged with the sleeper sleeve threaded hole in the direction of rail drop.

[0027] Furthermore, a rigid spring and a matching washer are respectively fitted on the upper threaded part. The matching washer is positioned below the rigid spring along the direction of the rail drop, and the top of the rigid spring is located on the lower surface of the upper nut. The matching washer is fitted on the upper threaded part. When the upper nut moves along the direction of the rail drop, the rigid spring presses down on the matching washer, and the matching washer contacts the lug at the base of the upper iron plate.

[0028] Preferably, there are two adjustable bolts, which are arranged diagonally along the base of the lower iron plate.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0030] 1. Because the fastener in this utility model presses the rail onto the center of the sleeper via a spring clip, the direction from the spring clip vertically towards the sleeper is taken as the rail dropping direction. The rail web has a vertical surface, which is used as the reference surface. The vibration damping fastener includes, in sequence along the rail dropping direction, an upper iron plate, whose two ends are bent towards each other along the reference surface to form an upper iron plate shoulder, an elastic pad under the plate, and a lower iron plate, whose two ends are bent towards each other along the reference surface to form a lower iron plate shoulder. The upper iron plate, the elastic pad under the plate, and the lower iron plate cooperate sequentially along the rail dropping direction, and the upper iron plate shoulder and the lower iron plate shoulder cooperate through a transverse stop block. The elastic pad, upper iron plate, lower iron plate, and transverse stop are designed to give the fastener large vertical displacement and low stiffness, while ensuring lateral compression stiffness and shear performance. This combination of compression and shear structures provides a combined vibration reduction effect. Testing shows a vibration isolation effect of 8-10 dB. Furthermore, the two upper iron plate shoulders, two transverse stops, and two lower iron plate shoulders are all inclined outwards relative to the rail. This is to ensure that the upper iron plate shoulders, transverse stops, and lower iron plate shoulders cooperate sequentially, guaranteeing the fastener high lateral stiffness while also providing shear-like movement, and solving the problems of misalignment and installation that exist in existing technologies.

[0031] The adjustable bolt has a bidirectional threaded part, which serves as an upper threaded part and a lower threaded part. The upper threaded part is engaged with the upper iron plate, and the lower threaded part is engaged with the lower iron plate and the threaded hole of the sleeper sleeve on the sleeper along the rail drop direction. The purpose is to adjust the stiffness of the fastener by adjusting the height of the nut. The process is adjustable and controllable to meet the vibration requirements of different track environments.

[0032] 2. Because the upper iron plate in this utility model also has an upper iron plate base, which is connected to the upper iron plate shoulder, and the lower surface of the upper iron plate base has a limiting pin; the lower iron plate also has a lower iron plate base, which is connected to the lower iron plate shoulder, and the lower iron plate base has a limiting hole that cooperates with the limiting pin. The limiting pin cooperates with the limiting hole to connect the upper iron plate base and the lower iron plate base; the purpose is to ensure the vertical guiding compression movement of the fastener by cooperating with the limiting pin and the limiting hole, while limiting the longitudinal movement of the fastener.

[0033] 3. Because the thickness of the elastic pad under the plate in this utility model is greater than the thickness of the lower iron plate, the stepped skirt on the elastic pad under the plate cooperates with the stepped groove, that is, the stepped skirt overlaps on the stepped groove. The purpose is to ensure that the upper iron plate and the lower iron plate do not directly contact each other under the change of vehicle axle load, thereby solving the problem of direct contact and collision under the large axle load of the train.

[0034] 4. Because the upper threaded part of this utility model is connected to a hexagonal screw prism in the opposite direction of the rail drop direction, and the upper nut has a positioning cap that matches the hexagonal screw prism, the purpose is to set a limiting structure for the large nut in the adjustable bolt system and to design different specifications according to the actual situation, thereby ensuring that the stiffness of the fastener is adjustable and controllable, thus solving the problem of uncontrollable stiffness in existing patents. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the upper iron plate in this utility model;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower iron plate in this utility model;

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the transverse baffle in this utility model;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic pad under the middle plate of this utility model;

[0041] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the adjustable bolt in this utility model;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the upper nut in this utility model.

[0043] In the diagram: 1. Elastic bar; 2. Rail; 3. Sleeper; 31. Threaded hole in sleeper sleeve; 4. Vertical surface; 5. Upper iron plate; 51. Shoulder of upper iron plate; 51. Inclined surface; 511. T-shaped pressure table; 5111. Lug at the base of upper iron plate; 512. Through hole in lug at the base of upper iron plate; 5121. Base of upper iron plate; 52. Limiting pin; 521. Elastic pad under plate; 6. Step skirt; 61. Base plate; 62. Nail post; 63. Lower iron plate; 7. Shoulder of lower iron plate; 71. Inclined hole; 711. 72. Base of iron plate; 721. Limiting hole; 722. Step groove; 723. Opening; 724. Through hole of lower iron plate base; 8. Horizontal stop block; 81. T-shaped notch; 82. Horizontal boss; 9. Adjustable bolt; 91. Upper threaded part; 911. Upper nut; 9111. Positioning cap; 912. Hexagonal prism of screw; 92. Lower threaded part; 93. Smooth rod part; 931. Lower positioning boss; 10. Elastic pad under rail; 11. Spring bolt; 12. Rigid spring; 13. Matching washer. Detailed Implementation

[0044] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this utility model easier to understand, the following embodiments are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is for the purpose of helping to understand this utility model, but does not constitute a limitation on this utility model.

[0045] like Figure 1 As shown, a stiffness-adjustable vibration damping fastener uses a spring clip 1 to press the rail 2 onto the center of the sleeper 3 (specifically, the spring clip 1 presses the rail 2 onto the sleeper 3 via a spring clip bolt 11; more specifically, when the rail 2 is pressed onto the sleeper 3, the spring clip bolt 11 passes through the spring clip 1 and the sleeper 3, and then the spring clip 11 is locked using a locking nut that matches the spring clip bolt 11). The direction from the vertical of the spring clip 1 to the sleeper 3 is taken as the rail drop direction A. The rail web of the rail 2 has a vertical surface 4. Using the vertical surface 4 as a reference surface, the vibration damping fastener includes, sequentially along the rail drop direction A, […].

[0046] The upper iron plate 5 has upper iron plate shoulder parts 51 arranged at both ends along the reference surface.

[0047] Underboard elastic pad 6 (made of rubber),

[0048] The lower iron plate 7 has lower iron plate shoulders 71 facing each other along the reference surface at both ends. The upper iron plate 5, the lower elastic pad 6, and the lower iron plate 7 are sequentially matched along the rail drop direction A. The upper iron plate shoulders 51 and the lower iron plate shoulders 71 are matched by a transverse block 8 (a cuboid structure made of multiple layers of metal and elastic non-metal composite material, specifically: using one layer of metal and one layer of rubber as the base unit, with multiple base units placed sequentially; the thickness of the transverse block 8 is adapted according to the actual site conditions; the material is manufactured by: first, using two layers of metal material to position in a mold, forming a cavity between them; then applying glue to this cavity; then vulcanizing the non-metal; the vulcanized non-metal fills the cavity and connects with the glue in the cavity). The two upper iron plate shoulders 51, the transverse block 8, and the two lower iron plate shoulders 71 are all inclined and expanded outward relative to the rail 2. Specifically: Figure 2 As shown, the upper iron plate shoulder 51, the transverse stop block 8, and the lower iron plate shoulder 71 correspond to each other, and the side of the upper iron plate shoulder 51 facing the reference plane is an inclined surface 511, with an inclination angle β of 0-90° (e.g., Figure 4 (as shown);

[0049] Adjustable bolt 9 has a bidirectional threaded portion, namely an upper threaded portion 91 and a lower threaded portion 92. The upper threaded portion 91 mates with the upper iron plate 5, and the lower threaded portion 92 mates with the lower iron plate 7 and the threaded hole 31 of the sleeper sleeve on the sleeper 3 along the rail dropping direction A. Specifically: Figure 7 As shown, the adjustable bolt 9 has a smooth rod portion 93, and the two ends of the smooth rod portion 93 are respectively connected to the upper threaded portion 91 and the lower threaded portion 92. The smooth rod portion 93 is provided with a lower positioning boss 931, and the upper threaded portion 91 is threadedly connected to an upper nut 911. When the upper threaded portion 91 and the upper nut 911 are threadedly engaged, and the lower threaded portion 92 is engaged with the lower iron plate base 71 and the sleeper sleeve threaded hole 31 along the rail dropping direction A, the upper nut 911 locks the upper threaded portion 91 and the upper iron plate base 51, and the lower positioning boss 931 contacts the lower iron plate base 71.

[0050] like Figure 8 As shown, a screw hexagonal prism 912 is connected to the upper threaded part 91 in the opposite direction of the rail drop direction A, and a positioning cap 9111 is provided on the upper nut 911, which matches the screw hexagonal prism 912.

[0051] like Figure 1 , 2As shown, a lower iron plate base 72 has a lower iron plate base through hole 724 at its edge. A sleeper sleeve threaded hole 31 is opened on the sleeper 3 and corresponds to the lower iron plate base through hole 724. The upper iron plate base 51 has an upper iron plate base lug 512 at its edge. The upper iron plate base lug 512 has an upper iron plate base lug through hole 5121 corresponding to the lower iron plate base through hole 724. The upper threaded part 91 passes through the upper iron plate base lug through hole 5121 in the opposite direction of the rail drop, so that the upper threaded part 91 is located above the iron plate base lug 512. The upper threaded part 91 is locked by the upper nut 911, and the lower surface of the upper nut 911 contacts the upper iron plate base lug 512 through a rigid spring 12 and a matching washer 13. The lower threaded part 92 is respectively engaged with the lower iron plate base through hole 724 and the sleeper sleeve threaded hole 31 in the rail drop direction A. More specifically, as shown Figure 2 As shown, a rigid spring 12 and a matching washer 13 are respectively fitted on the upper threaded part 91. The matching washer 13 is positioned below the rigid spring 12 along the rail drop direction A, and the top of the rigid spring 12 is located on the lower surface of the upper nut 911. The matching washer 13 is fitted on the upper threaded part 91. When the upper nut 911 moves along the rail drop direction A, the rigid spring 12 presses down on the matching washer 13, and the matching washer 13 contacts the lug 512 at the base of the upper iron plate.

[0052] like Figure 3 As shown, the upper iron plate 5 also has an upper iron plate base 52, which is connected to the upper iron plate shoulder 51, and the lower surface of the upper iron plate base 52 has a limiting pin 521.

[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, the lower iron plate 7 also has a lower iron plate base 72, which is connected to the lower iron plate shoulder 71. The lower iron plate base 72 is provided with a limiting hole 721 that cooperates with the limiting pin 521. The limiting pin 521 cooperates with the limiting hole 721 to connect the upper iron plate base 52 and the lower iron plate base 72.

[0054] like Figure 3 As shown, the upper surface of the shoulder portion 51 of the upper iron plate has a T-shaped pressure plate 5111; as Figure 5 As shown, the upper surface of the transverse stop 8 has a T-shaped notch 81 that matches the T-shaped pressure plate 5111. The side wall of the transverse stop 8 has a horizontal boss 82. The lower iron plate shoulder 71 has a beveled hole 711 that matches the horizontal boss 82. The T-shaped pressure plate 5111 matches the T-shaped notch 81, and the horizontal boss 82 is inserted into the beveled hole 711, so that the upper iron plate shoulder 51, the transverse stop 8 and the lower iron plate shoulder 71 are connected.

[0055] like Figure 1 , 4As shown, the upper surface of the base 72 of the lower iron plate has a stepped groove 722, and the lower surface of the elastic pad 6 under the plate has a stepped skirt 61. The stepped groove 722 and the stepped skirt 61 cooperate to make the upper iron plate 5 and the lower iron plate 7 indirectly contact each other. It should be noted that when the elastic pad 6 under the plate is installed on the stepped groove 722, it needs to be upside down, that is, the side with the stepped skirt 6 is installed on the stepped groove, that is... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The position of the skirt edge 61 in the middle is opposite.

[0056] An opening 723 is provided on the base 72 of the lower iron plate along the direction A of the rail drop. The center of the stepped groove 722 is collinear with the center of the opening 723.

[0057] like Figure 6 As shown, the elastic pad 6 under the plate is provided with a base plate 62 and nail posts 63 in the opposite direction of the drop rail A. The lower surface of the base plate 62 is mounted on the upper surface of the step skirt 61. There are several nail posts 63, which are divided into two groups. One group of nail posts 63 is located on the lower surface of the step skirt 61, and the other group of nail posts 63 is located on the upper surface of the base plate 62.

[0058] The step skirt 61 is installed on the step groove 722, and the nail post 63 on the lower surface of the step skirt 61 contacts the sleeper 3, and the nail post 63 on the lower surface of the base plate 62 contacts the base of the upper iron plate 51.

[0059] The thickness of the elastic pad 6 under the plate is greater than the thickness of the lower iron plate 7.

[0060] like Figure 1 As shown, the vibration damping fastener also includes a rail-mounted elastic pad 10, which is installed between the lower surface of the rail 2 and the upper surface of the upper iron plate base 51, and is in contact with the lower surface of the rail 2 and the upper surface of the upper iron plate base 51, respectively.

[0061] There are two adjustable bolts 9, which are set diagonally along the base 7 of the lower iron plate. It should be noted here that... Figure 1 , 2 As shown, there are two of each of the following: the lower iron plate base through hole 724, the sleeper sleeve threaded hole 31, the upper iron plate base lug 512, and the upper iron plate base lug through hole 5121, and they are all arranged diagonally.

[0062] Alternatively, there may be four adjustable bolts 9, installed along the four corner edges of the base 7 of the lower iron plate (not shown in the figure).

[0063] This vibration-damping fastener is used to install the rail 2 onto the sleeper 3 in the following manner:

[0064] First, the stepped skirt 61 is inverted and placed into the stepped groove 722, with the nail posts 63 on the stepped skirt 61 and the nail posts 63 on the base plate 62 (in this embodiment, rubber material is used) positioned at the upper and lower ends of the opening 723, respectively. Then, the lower threaded part 92 on the adjustable bolt 9 is screwed into the through hole 724 of the lower iron plate base and the threaded hole 31 of the sleeper sleeve in sequence along the rail dropping direction until the lower positioning boss 931 contacts the lower iron plate base 72.

[0065] Then, insert the limiting pin 521 on the upper iron plate 5 into the limiting hole 721 on the base of the lower iron plate 72, and then insert the upper threaded part 91 of the adjustable bolt 9 into the lug through hole 5121 of the base of the upper iron plate in the opposite direction of the rail drop, so that the upper threaded part 91 is located above the lug 512 of the base of the iron plate. Then rotate the upper nut 911 so that the upper iron plate 5 and the lower iron plate 7 are connected by the adjustable bolt 9; and make the T-shaped pressure plate 5111 on the shoulder of the upper iron plate 51 overlap the T-shaped notch 81 on the transverse block 8, and insert the horizontal boss 82 on the transverse block 8 into the inclined hole 721 of the shoulder of the lower iron plate 71, so that the shoulder of the upper iron plate 51, the transverse block 8 and the shoulder of the lower iron plate 71 cooperate in sequence, thereby ensuring that the fastener has high transverse rigidity, while also having shearing motion and solving the problem of misalignment of the fit and installation in the prior art;

[0066] When the upper iron plate 5 and the lower iron plate 7 are installed, the nails 63 on the elastic pad 6 under the plate (the nails 63, the base plate 62 and the stepped skirt 61 in the elastic pad 6 under the plate are all made of rubber) contact the sleeper 3, while the nails 63 on the other side of the elastic pad 6 under the plate (the nails 63 on the stepped skirt 61) contact the base 52 of the upper iron plate, so that the upper iron plate 5 and the sleeper 3 can play a buffering and vibration isolation role.

[0067] Next, place the rail elastic pad 10 on the base 52 of the upper iron plate, then place the rail 2 on top of the rail elastic pad 10, and lock the rail 2 on the upper iron plate 5 using the elastic bar 1 and the elastic bar bolt 11.

[0068] The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art without creative effort within the scope of the appended claims are still within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A damping fastener with adjustable stiffness, which presses a rail on the center of a sleeper by a spring strip, and takes a direction in which the spring strip is vertically directed to the sleeper as a rail drop direction, and a rail web of the rail has a vertical surface, and takes the vertical surface as a reference surface, characterized in that, The damping fastener sequentially comprises, along the falling rail direction, ​ an upper iron plate, two ends of which are arranged to face the upper iron plate shoulder part along the reference surface, a plate elastic pad, a lower iron plate, two ends of which are arranged to face the lower iron plate shoulder part along the reference surface, the upper iron plate, the plate elastic pad and the lower iron plate sequentially cooperate along the falling rail direction, and the upper iron plate shoulder part and the lower iron plate shoulder part cooperate through the transverse stopper, and the two upper iron plate shoulder parts, the two transverse stoppers and the two lower iron plate shoulder parts are all inclined and expanded outward relative to the rail. an adjustable bolt, which has a two-way threaded part as an upper threaded part and a lower threaded part respectively, the upper threaded part cooperates with the upper iron plate, and the lower threaded part cooperates with the lower iron plate and the sleeper sleeve threaded hole on the sleeper along the falling rail direction.

2. The adjustable stiffness vibration damping fastener of claim 1, wherein: The upper iron plate shoulder part, the transverse stopper and the lower iron plate shoulder part correspond to each other, and the side surface of the upper iron plate shoulder part towards the reference surface is an inclined surface, and the inclination angle is 0-90°.

3. The damping fastener with adjustable stiffness according to claim 2, wherein: the upper iron plate further has an upper iron plate base part connected with the upper iron plate shoulder part, and the lower surface of the upper iron plate base part has a limiting pin; the lower iron plate further has a lower iron plate base part connected with the lower iron plate shoulder part, and the upper surface of the lower iron plate base part is provided with a limiting hole matched with the limiting pin, and the limiting pin and the limiting hole cooperate to connect the upper iron plate base part and the lower iron plate base part.

4. The damping fastener with adjustable stiffness according to claim 3, wherein: the upper surface of the upper iron plate shoulder part has a T-shaped pressing table, the upper surface of the transverse stopper has a T-shaped notch matched with the T-shaped pressing table, the side wall of the transverse stopper has a horizontal boss, and the upper surface of the lower iron plate shoulder part is provided with an inclined hole matched with the horizontal boss, the T-shaped pressing table cooperates with the T-shaped notch, and the horizontal boss is inserted into the inclined hole to connect the upper iron plate shoulder, the transverse stopper and the lower iron plate shoulder.

5. The damping fastener with adjustable stiffness according to claim 3, wherein: the upper surface of the lower iron plate base part has a stepped groove, the lower surface of the plate elastic pad has a stepped skirt, and the stepped groove cooperates with the stepped skirt to indirectly contact the upper iron plate and the lower iron plate.

6. The damping fastener with adjustable stiffness according to claim 1, further comprising a rail elastic pad, which is installed between the lower surface of the rail and the upper surface of the upper iron plate base part and respectively contacts the lower surface of the rail and the upper surface of the upper iron plate base part.

7. The damping fastener with adjustable stiffness according to claim 1, wherein: ​ The adjustable bolt has a light rod part, and the two ends of the light rod part are connected with the upper threaded part and the lower threaded part respectively, the light rod part is provided with a lower positioning boss, and the upper threaded part is threadedly connected with an upper nut; when the upper threaded part and the upper nut are threadedly matched in place, the lower threaded part is matched with the lower iron plate base part and the sleeper sleeve threaded hole in the direction of rail falling, at this time, the upper nut locks the upper threaded part and the upper iron plate base part, and the lower positioning boss is in contact with the lower iron plate base part.

8. The stiffness-adjustable damping fastener according to claim 7, characterized in that: The upper threaded part is reversely connected with a screw hexagonal prism in the direction of rail falling, the upper nut is provided with a positioning cap, and the positioning cap is matched with the screw hexagonal prism.

9. The stiffness-adjustable damping fastener according to claim 8, characterized in that: The lower iron plate base part is provided with a lower iron plate base part through hole at the edge, the sleeper sleeve threaded hole is provided on the sleeper and corresponds to the lower iron plate base part through hole, the upper iron plate base part is provided with an upper iron plate base part lug at the edge, the upper iron plate base part lug is provided with an upper iron plate base part lug through hole corresponding to the lower iron plate base part through hole, the upper threaded part reversely passes through the upper iron plate base part lug through hole in the direction of rail falling, so that the upper threaded part is located above the upper iron plate base part lug, the upper threaded part is locked by the upper nut, the lower surface of the upper nut is in contact with the upper iron plate base part lug, and the lower threaded part is matched with the lower iron plate base part through hole and the sleeper sleeve threaded hole in the direction of rail falling respectively.

10. The stiffness-adjustable damping fastener according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the adjustable bolts is two, and the adjustable bolts are diagonally arranged along the lower iron plate base part.

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