Extrusion forming equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses extrusion forming equipment which comprises a hydraulic machine, a first pushing and pressing rod, a second pushing and pressing rod, a perforating rod-upper die composite part, an extrusion containing chamber, a stopping block and a lower die. The extrusion forming equipment is used for manufacturing the aluminum product with the hollow structure. On the other hand, the utility model provides an extrusion forming method, which comprises the following steps of: completing extrusion preforming of an aluminum ingot blank in the extrusion accommodating chamber, perforating through the perforating rod-upper die composite part, and completing secondary extrusion forming through the perforating rod-upper die composite part and the lower die. Before secondary extrusion forming, an aluminum ingot blank is processed into a perforated preformed part which is the same as a finished product in geometry and is similar to the finished product in section size, and then the finished product is obtained through continuous deformation, so that the process of splitting and converging and the generation of cracks at a converging interface are avoided, and the mechanical strength of the finished product is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of metallurgical production, and in particular to an extrusion molding device. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, my country's rapid economic development has led to an increasing demand for aluminum and aluminum alloy products. As low-density, high-strength metal products, aluminum and aluminum alloys are often produced using extrusion molding. To reduce the metal's resistance to deformation, a certain high temperature is maintained during the extrusion process. The aluminum ingot is heated to above 450°C and then placed in a similarly heated extrusion chamber. A preheated extrusion rod is pushed to apply pressure, and the aluminum ingot is deformed under high temperature and pressure by a heated die to become the desired shape of the part or profile. The extrusion die includes an upper die and a lower die. When making hollow cylindrical, ring-shaped, or other complex-shaped products, multiple diversion holes are usually placed on the material injection surface of the upper die to divide the metal into multiple streams when injected into the die, thus more fully filling the internal space of the die. However, due to the tearing and destruction of the continuous crystalline structure inside the metal during the diversion process, and the subsequent re-fusion, cracks are easily generated at the interface formed by the fusion of different metal streams, leading to a decrease in the mechanical strength of the finished product.

[0003] Therefore, how to maintain the continuous crystalline phase structure of the metal during the extrusion molding of hollow aluminum and aluminum alloy products, and avoid the generation of cracks when the strands rejoin, is an urgent problem to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a step-by-step extrusion device and method. In the extrusion process, through steps such as extrusion preforming, piercing, and secondary extrusion forming, before secondary extrusion forming, the aluminum ingot billet is first processed in the extrusion chamber into a structure that is geometrically homologous to the finished product and has a similar cross-sectional size. Then, the finished product is obtained through continuous forming, avoiding the process of splitting and recombining, thus not destroying the continuous crystal phase structure in the metal and avoiding the generation of cracks.

[0005] Based on the above objectives, this utility model provides an extrusion molding device, including a hydraulic press, a first push rod, a second push rod, a perforated rod-upper die composite, an extrusion chamber, a blocking block, and a lower die;

[0006] The first push rod and the second push rod are arranged in parallel, and the first push rod and the second push rod can be switched to the push rod working position respectively;

[0007] The perforated rod-upper mold composite is fixedly installed at the end of the second push rod;

[0008] The blocking block and the lower mold are arranged in parallel, and the blocking block and the lower mold can be switched to the working position of the lower mold respectively; the size of the blocking block is similar to that of the lower mold, and the blocking block is a solid structure;

[0009] The hydraulic device, the working position of the push rod, the extrusion chamber and the working position of the lower die are arranged coaxially in sequence;

[0010] The extrusion molding equipment is used to manufacture aluminum products with hollow structures;

[0011] The perforated rod-upper mold composite and the lower mold work together to define the outline of the aluminum product.

[0012] Preferably, the device further includes a push rod switching mechanism and a lower die switching mechanism; the first push rod and the second push rod are disposed on the push rod switching mechanism, which is used to switch the first push rod or the second push rod to the push rod working position; the blocking block and the lower die are disposed on the lower die switching mechanism, which is used to switch the blocking block or the lower die to the lower die working position.

[0013] Preferably, the equipment also includes a feeding mechanism for feeding aluminum ingots to one end of the first push rod.

[0014] Preferably, the hydraulic press includes a fixed end and a movable end, and the push rod switching mechanism is fixedly connected to the movable end.

[0015] Preferably, the device further includes a guide rail, which is fixedly connected to the fixed end, and the movable end and the extrusion chamber are disposed on the guide rail; the axes of the guide rail and the extrusion chamber are parallel.

[0016] Preferably, the lower die has a through hole for a perforated rod, the size of which matches the cross-sectional size of the perforated rod-upper die composite, and the length of the perforated rod-upper die composite is greater than the thickness of the lower die; the through hole is used to allow the perforated rod-upper die composite to pass through during the extrusion molding of the aluminum product.

[0017] Preferably, the lower mold has a discharge port, which is larger than the cross-section of the perforated rod-upper mold composite.

[0018] In another aspect, this utility model also provides an extrusion molding method, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1: The first push rod is set at the working position of the push rod, and the blocking block is set at the working position of the lower die. The aluminum ingot is fed to the end of the first push rod. The working position of the push rod, the extrusion chamber and the working position of the lower die are arranged coaxially in sequence, and the blocking block covers the outlet of the extrusion chamber.

[0020] S2: The aluminum ingot blank is pushed into the extrusion chamber by the first push rod, so that the high-temperature aluminum ingot blank fully fills the space between the end of the first push rod and the blocking block in the extrusion chamber, and the extrusion pre-forming is completed.

[0021] S3: Retract the first push rod and switch the first push rod to a second push rod with a perforated rod-upper mold composite component fixed at the end;

[0022] S4: The perforating rod-upper die composite is pushed into the extrusion chamber by the second push rod until the end of the perforating rod-upper die composite abuts against the blocking block, perforating the extruded preformed aluminum ingot blank to form a perforated preformed aluminum ingot blank;

[0023] S5: Switch the blocking block to the lower mold;

[0024] S6: The perforated preform of the aluminum ingot blank is pushed into the lower die by the second push rod, so that it fully fills the space between the perforated rod-upper die composite and the lower die, and the secondary extrusion molding is completed;

[0025] S7: After cooling the aluminum after secondary extrusion molding, post-processing is performed to obtain the desired aluminum products.

[0026] Preferably, in step S5, before switching the blocking block to the lower die, the second push rod and the extrusion chamber retract synchronously to disengage the perforated preform of the aluminum ingot from the blocking block; after switching the blocking block to the lower die, the second push rod and the extrusion chamber advance synchronously to abut the perforated preform of the aluminum ingot against the feed port of the lower die.

[0027] In summary, this utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The equipment and method of this utility model, through multiple steps such as extrusion preforming, piercing, and secondary extrusion forming, first processes the aluminum ingot blank into a preformed part with holes in the extrusion chamber before secondary extrusion forming. The preformed part is geometrically homologous to the finished product and has a similar cross-sectional size. Then, the finished product is obtained through continuous forming. This avoids the process of splitting and rejoining, thus not destroying the continuous crystal phase structure in the metal, and also avoiding the generation of cracks at the splitting and rejoining interface, thereby improving the mechanical strength of the finished product.

[0029] 2. In this utility model, the perforating rod-upper mold composite component plays the roles of perforation and mold shaping in different steps, and is suitable for the manufacturing of various hollow parts or profiles. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figures 1 to 3 This is a schematic diagram of the device structure according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the lower mold according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0034] like Figure 1As shown, the extrusion molding equipment disclosed in this embodiment includes a hydraulic press 1, an extrusion chamber 2, a first push rod 3, a second push rod 4, a perforating rod-upper die composite 41, a push rod switching mechanism 5, a feeding mechanism 6, a blocking block 7, a lower die 8, and a lower die switching mechanism 9. The extrusion chamber 2 is cylindrical and equipped with a heating function. The pushing direction of the aluminum ingot 10 is arranged along the axis of the extrusion chamber 2. The hydraulic press 1, the push rod switching mechanism 5, the feeding mechanism 6, the extrusion chamber 2, and the lower die switching mechanism 9 are arranged sequentially along the pushing direction of the aluminum ingot. The hydraulic press 1 has a fixed end and a movable end 11. The fixed end of the hydraulic press 1 is fixedly connected to a guide rail 12, which is parallel to the axis. The movable end of the hydraulic press 1 and the extrusion chamber 2 are both mounted on the guide rail 12. The movable end 11 of the hydraulic press 1 is fixedly connected to a push rod switching mechanism 5. A first push rod 3 and a second push rod 4 are parallel to each other on the push rod switching mechanism 5 and can be switched to the axis by translation through the push rod switching mechanism 5. The shapes of the first push rod 3 and the second push rod 4 are respectively matched with the extrusion chamber 2 (a gap is left between them for gas discharge). When the movable end 11 of the hydraulic press 1 moves forward in the pushing direction under the limit of the guide rail 12, it drives the push rod switching mechanism 5 and the push rods mounted on the axis to push into the extrusion chamber 2. The perforating rod-upper die composite 41 is fixedly mounted on one end of the second push rod 4. The feeding mechanism 6 is used to feed the aluminum ingot 10 to the end of the first push rod 3 when the first push rod 3 is in the initial pushing position on the axis. The lower die switching mechanism 9 is fixedly installed at the outlet of the extrusion chamber 2; the blocking block 7 and the lower die 8 are arranged parallel to each other on the lower die switching mechanism 9, and can be switched to the axis by translation through the lower die switching mechanism 9; when the lower die 8 is on the axis, the lower die 8 covers the outlet of the extrusion chamber 2 and the inlet of the lower die 8 is slightly smaller than the outlet of the extrusion chamber 2; the lower die 8 is used to determine the outer contour of the extruded aluminum product, and the perforating rod-upper die composite 31 is used to determine the inner wall contour of the hollow structure of the aluminum product; when the blocking block 7 is on the axis, the blocking block 7 covers the outlet of the extrusion chamber 2, and the blocking block 7 is a solid structure, that is, equivalent to a solid lower die. In this embodiment, the push rod switching mechanism 5, the feeding mechanism 6 and the lower die switching mechanism 9 are all guide rail-slider structures, wherein the translation direction of the slider is perpendicular to the pushing direction of the aluminum ingot 10.

[0035] During operation, the extrusion molding method of this embodiment includes the first to third steps. For example... Figure 1 As shown, in the first step, the first push rod 3 is in the push rod working position, and the blocking block 7 is in the lower die working position. That is, the first push rod 3 and the blocking block 7 are coaxially arranged on the axis of the extrusion chamber 2, including the following steps:

[0036] S1: The movable end 11 of the hydraulic press 1 returns to the initial pushing position, and the feeding mechanism 6 feeds the aluminum ingot 10 (cylindrical) to the end of the first pushing rod 3;

[0037] S2: The movable end 11 of the hydraulic press 1 drives the first push rod 3 to move forward in the pushing direction, pushing the aluminum ingot 10 into the extrusion chamber 2; Since the blocking block 7 covers the discharge port of the extrusion chamber 2 at this time, preventing the aluminum ingot 10 material from leaving the discharge port, the first push rod 3 further extrudes the high-temperature aluminum ingot 10 to fully fill the space between the end of the first push rod 3 and the blocking block 7 in the extrusion chamber 2, thus completing the extrusion pre-forming.

[0038] S3: The movable end 11 of the hydraulic press 1 retracts to the initial pushing position, and the first pushing rod 3 is switched to the second pushing rod 4 with the end fixedly provided with the perforated rod-upper mold composite 41, and the second step is entered.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, in the second step, the second push rod 4 is in the push rod working position, and the blocking block 7 is in the lower die working position. That is, the second push rod 4 and the blocking block 7 are coaxially arranged on the axis of the extrusion chamber 2, including the following steps:

[0040] S4: The movable end 11 of the hydraulic press 1 drives the second push rod 4 to move forward in the pushing direction, pushing the perforating rod-upper die composite 41 into the extrusion chamber 2 until the end of the perforating rod-upper die composite 41 abuts against the blocking block 7; the perforating rod-upper die composite 41 at this time plays a perforating role, perforating the extruded preformed aluminum ingot 10 to form a perforated preformed part of the aluminum ingot 10;

[0041] S5: Switch the blocking block 7 to the lower die 8. During the switching, the movable end of the hydraulic press 1, the second push rod 4 and the extrusion chamber 2 can simultaneously retract a distance along the guide rail 12, so that the perforated preform of the aluminum ingot 10 is separated from the blocking block 7. After switching, it moves forward again so that the perforated preform of the aluminum ingot 10 abuts against the feed port of the lower die 8, and enters the third step.

[0042] like Figure 3 As shown, in the third step, the second push rod 4 is in the push rod working position, and the lower die 8 is in the lower die working position, that is, the second push rod 4 and the lower die 8 are coaxially arranged on the axis of the extrusion chamber 2, including the following steps:

[0043] S6: The movable end 11 of the hydraulic press 1 moves further in the pushing direction, pushing the perforated preform of the aluminum ingot 10 into the lower die 8, so that it fully fills the space between the perforated rod-upper die composite 41 and the lower die 8, completing the secondary extrusion molding. At this time, the perforated rod-upper die composite 41 acts as the upper die, and cooperates with the lower die 8 to limit the shape of the finished product.

[0044] S7: After cooling, demolding, cutting off excess parts, polishing or cutting are performed to obtain finished parts or profiles.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, the length of the perforated rod-upper die composite 41 is greater than the thickness of the lower die 8. The bottom of the lower die 8 is provided with a perforated rod through-hole 81, allowing the perforated rod-upper die composite 41 to pass through the through-hole 81 during secondary extrusion molding, ensuring its penetration through the finished product. The cross-sectional sizes of the perforated rod-upper die composite 41 and the perforated rod through-hole 81 are matched (a gap is left between them for venting gas from the die). This is used for extrusion molding of cylindrical or annular parts, such as the middle section of the heat sink housing of some equipment. In this case, the part of the perforated rod-upper die composite 41 near the root of the second push rod 4 acts as the upper die, and its shape needs to be determined according to actual requirements. The part farther from the root acts as the perforated rod. Therefore, it can either be directly extended from the cross-sectional shape of the upper die or set to other cross-sectional shapes that facilitate perforation. Those skilled in the art can adjust it according to actual needs. Preferably, the inner diameter of the extrusion chamber 2 is slightly larger than the feed port of the lower die 8, so that the perforated preform obtained in the first and second steps is closer to the size of the finished part, and the desired finished product can be formed with less deformation in the third step.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment, the perforated rod-upper mold composite 41 may include a plurality of perforated rods for manufacturing a component having a plurality of hole-shaped structures.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment, the bottom of the lower die 8 may also be provided with a lower die outlet for extrusion molding of tubular profiles; the cross section of the perforating rod-upper die composite 41 is smaller than the lower die outlet, and the perforating rod-upper die composite 41 passes through the lower die outlet during secondary extrusion molding, and the inner wall of the lower die outlet and the perforating rod-upper die composite 41 cooperate to define the cross-sectional shape of the finished profile.

[0048] This embodiment employs multiple steps in the extrusion process, including extrusion preforming, piercing, and secondary extrusion forming. Before secondary extrusion forming, the aluminum ingot 10 is first processed in the extrusion chamber 2 into a perforated preform with a geometrical isomorphism to the finished product and a cross-sectional size similar to the final product. Then, continuous forming yields the finished product. This avoids the process of splitting and rejoining, thus preventing damage to the continuous crystalline structure of the metal and avoiding the generation of cracks at the splitting and rejoining interfaces. The material of the aluminum ingot 10 in this embodiment is the same as the material of the finished product; it can be pure aluminum or an aluminum alloy, which can be determined by those skilled in the art according to actual needs. This embodiment only shows the key differences from the equipment and methods in the prior art. This embodiment does not impose limitations on the heating / cooling equipment or structures, or related process parameters such as preheating temperature and extrusion pressure. Those skilled in the art can set these parameters according to actual conditions, and they will not be elaborated here.

[0049] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An apparatus for extrusion molding, characterized by, It includes a hydraulic press, a first push rod, a second push rod, a perforated rod-upper die composite, an extrusion chamber, a blocking block, and a lower die; The first push rod and the second push rod are arranged in parallel, and the first push rod and the second push rod can be switched to the push rod working position respectively; The perforated rod-upper mold composite is fixedly installed at the end of the second push rod; The blocking block and the lower mold are arranged in parallel, and the blocking block and the lower mold can be switched to the working position of the lower mold respectively; the size of the blocking block is similar to that of the lower mold, and the blocking block is a solid structure; The hydraulic device, the working position of the push rod, the extrusion chamber and the working position of the lower die are arranged coaxially in sequence; The extrusion molding equipment is used to manufacture aluminum products with hollow structures; The perforated rod-upper mold composite and the lower mold work together to define the outline of the aluminum product.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, It also includes a push rod switching mechanism and a lower die switching mechanism; the first push rod and the second push rod are disposed on the push rod switching mechanism, which is used to switch the first push rod or the second push rod to the push rod working position; the blocking block and the lower die are disposed on the lower die switching mechanism, which is used to switch the blocking block or the lower die to the lower die working position.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, It also includes a feeding mechanism, which is used to feed aluminum ingots to one end of the first push rod.

4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The hydraulic press includes a fixed end and a movable end, and the push rod switching mechanism is fixedly connected to the movable end.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein, It also includes a guide rail, which is fixedly connected to the fixed end, and the movable end and the extrusion chamber are disposed on the guide rail; the axis of the guide rail and the axis of the extrusion chamber are parallel.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The lower die has a through hole for a perforated rod, the size of which matches the cross-sectional size of the perforated rod-upper die composite, and the length of the perforated rod-upper die composite is greater than the thickness of the lower die; the through hole is used to allow the perforated rod-upper die composite to pass through during the extrusion molding of aluminum products.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The lower mold has a discharge port, which is larger than the cross-section of the perforated rod-upper mold composite.

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