Dry ice rapid sublimation rock breaking device
By setting up a multi-layered charge structure inside the borehole and utilizing the strong volume expansion force generated by the rapid sublimation of dry ice, the problems of instability of carbon dioxide fracturing devices and low efficiency of static fracturing agents were solved, achieving safe and efficient rock fracturing.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-24
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, carbon dioxide fracturing devices have unstable rock-breaking effects and high costs, while static fracturing agents have slow rock-breaking time and low volume expansion force, posing safety risks and environmental pollution problems.
A dry ice rapid sublimation rock-breaking device is designed. By setting up a multi-layered charge structure in the borehole, including a heating material layer, a water layer, an air gap layer and a dry ice layer, the heating material layer is detonated by an initiating agent, which then heats the water, causing the dry ice to rapidly sublimate and generate a strong volume expansion force to break the rock.
It achieves rapid rock breaking, reduces safety risks, minimizes environmental pollution, and improves rock breaking efficiency and effectiveness.
Smart Images
Figure CN224034517U_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The utility model relates to rock breaking technical field, specifically, relate to a dry ice quick sublimation rock breaking device. BACKGROUND
[0002] Explosive explosion is one of important ways of breaking rock, which has the advantages of great explosive power, good breaking effect and high efficiency. However, as an explosive, there are safety risks in its production, storage and use process. Only about 10% of explosive energy is used for medium destruction and achieves the expected engineering effect when exploding, and the other part of energy is used for excessive crushing of surrounding medium and converted into blasting harmful effects, thereby seriously affecting the surrounding environment.
[0003] The above-mentioned blasting harmful effects include blasting shock wave, flying stone, toxic gas, vibration and noise, etc. When the overpressure value is greater than 20kPa, the shock wave will cause great harm to human organs and seriously threaten the life safety of surrounding personnel; explosive explosion will produce NO, NO2, CO and other toxic gases, which require relevant personnel to enter the working surface for safety inspection 15min after blasting, but the toxic gases cannot be eliminated and will still be discharged into the atmosphere; at the same time, explosive explosion will produce flying stone, vibration and noise, which need to be reduced by reasonable hole arrangement, control of single-hole charge, good packing and protection measures to reduce the impact on the surrounding environment.
[0004] In the prior art, researchers propose to use static breaking agent, carbon dioxide fracturing device and other non-blasting means to break rock. Among them, the static breaking agent is a technology for breaking rock by using chemical breaking agent, which is considered as a safe and environmentally friendly breaking method. The volume expansion force generated by the hydration reaction makes the rock medium crack and break until the rock medium cracks and breaks. It plays an irreplaceable role in special construction or auxiliary blasting. The cracking process is relatively static and does not pollute the environment, and will not produce shock wave, flying stone, vibration, toxic gas and other harmful effects. However, the static breaking agent has the problems of slow breaking time and small volume expansion force.
[0005] Carbon dioxide has three forms of solid, liquid and gas. The rock mass is cracked by using phase change of solid and liquid carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide fracturing device is heated by a heating device to instantaneously gasify liquid carbon dioxide, which increases the volume by more than 600 times. When the gas pressure in the pipe exceeds the shear strength, the strong impact force generated instantaneously exceeds the tensile strength of the rock mass, which leads to the cracking of the rock mass. However, the carbon dioxide fracturing device has the problems of high cost and difficult control of cracking effect. UTILITY MODEL CONTENTS
[0006] The utility model discloses a dry ice quick sublimation rock breaking device, which has an extremely fast sublimation rate, strong volume expansion force, fast rock breaking speed and good effect.
[0007] To achieve the above object, the utility model provides a dry ice quick sublimation rock breaking device, which comprises a multilayer charge structure arranged in a blast hole on a rock mass from bottom to top, a plug blocking the blast hole orifice and an initiating device connected with each layer of charge structure through the plug and the initiating agent.
[0008] Preferably, the dry ice in the dry ice layer is in the form of small particles.
[0009] Preferably, the small particle dry ice is in the form of one or more of a spherical ball, a cylindrical shape and dry ice powder.
[0010] Preferably, the heating material layer is a calcium oxide layer or a self-heating bag.
[0011] Preferably, the air spacing layer is an air spacing bag or a heat preservation film.
[0012] Preferably, the initiating agent is one or more of an ignition powder, a pyrotechnic charge, a propellant, an ignition head and an aluminum thermite.
[0013] Preferably, the initiating device is a wireless electronic controller or a high-energy pulse initiator.
[0014] Preferably, the initiating agent is arranged on the contact surface between the heating material layer and the water layer.
[0015] Preferably, the initiating agent is arranged on the contact surface between the water layer and the air spacing layer.
[0016] Preferably, a plurality of initiating agents are connected with the same initiating device.
[0017] According to the technical scheme, a blast hole is preformed on a rock mass needing to be broken, and a multilayered charging structure is sequentially filled into the blast hole from bottom to top, each layer of the multilayered charging structure sequentially comprises a heating material layer, a water layer, an air interval layer and a dry ice layer, an initiating explosive is arranged between the heating material layer and the water layer and between the water layer and the air interval layer, the initiating explosive is connected with an initiating device outside the blast hole, and finally, a stopper is used to tightly plug the blast hole. At this time, the initiating device is activated to control the initiating explosive to explode, the heating material layer starts to heat the water after contacting the water layer, the dry ice layer falls into the water layer, and as the water temperature rapidly rises, the dry ice in the water rapidly sublimates, a large amount of carbon dioxide gas is released and a strong volume expansion force is generated, and when the limit tensile strength of the broken medium is exceeded, the rock breaking effect is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 is a structure diagram of a dry ice rapid sublimation rock breaking device according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0019] Figure 2 is a structure diagram of a dry ice rapid sublimation rock breaking device according to another embodiment of the present application.
[0020] REFERENCE SIGNS
[0021] 1 - rock mass 2 - blast hole
[0022] 3 - water layer 4 - dry ice layer
[0023] 5 - heating material layer 6 - air interval layer
[0024] 7 - initiating explosive 8 - initiating device
[0025] 9 - stopper DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] The specific embodiments described herein are intended to be illustrative only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein.
[0027] In the present application, unless otherwise specified, the orientation words contained in the terms such as "up" and "down" only represent the orientation of the terms in the normal use state or the common name understood by those skilled in the art, and should not be regarded as a limitation of the terms.
[0028] Reference should be made to Figure 1The utility model provides a kind of dry ice quick sublimation rock breaking device, the dry ice quick sublimation rock breaking device includes the multilayer charge structure sequentially arranged in blasthole 2 on rock mass 1 from bottom to top, the plug 9 blocked in blasthole 2 orifice and the detonating device 8 connected with each layer charge structure by detonating agent 7 passing through plug 9, wherein, each layer charge structure sequentially includes heating material layer 5, water layer 3, air interval layer 6 and dry ice layer 4 from bottom to top, detonating agent 7 is arranged between heating material layer 5 and water layer 3 and between water layer 3 and air interval layer 6 and is set to be able to detonate by detonating device 8.
[0029] By the above technical solution, during construction, first, a blasthole 2 is preformed on the rock mass 1 to be broken, then, the multilayer charge structure is sequentially filled into the blasthole from bottom to top, each layer charge structure sequentially includes heating material layer 5, water layer 3, air interval layer 6 and dry ice layer 4 from bottom to top, then, detonating agent 7 is arranged between heating material layer 5 and water layer 3 and between water layer 3 and air interval layer 6, detonating agent 7 is connected with the detonating device 8 outside the blasthole, and finally, the blasthole orifice is tightly plugged with the plug. At this time, the detonating device 8 is activated, which controls the detonating agent 7 to detonate, the heating material layer 5 starts to heat the water after contacting the water layer 3, the dry ice layer 4 falls into the water layer 3, and as the water temperature rises rapidly, the dry ice in the water quickly sublimates, releases a large amount of carbon dioxide gas and generates strong volumetric expansion force, and when the limit tensile strength of the breaking medium is exceeded, the rock breaking effect is achieved.
[0030] In the present embodiment, in order to further accelerate the sublimation speed of the dry ice and make the dry ice quick sublimation rock breaking device have higher rock breaking efficiency, the dry ice in the dry ice layer 4 is preferably in the form of small particles. In this way, the small particle dry ice quickly sublimates after coming into contact with water, quickly generates a large amount of carbon dioxide gas, generates strong volumetric expansion force, and quickly breaks the rock.
[0031] In order to further improve the sublimation speed of the small particle dry ice and increase the contact area between the small particle dry ice and water, the small particle dry ice is preferably in the form of one or more of a spherical ball, a cylindrical shape and dry ice powder.
[0032] The heating material layer 5 can be any material layer that can react with the water layer 3 to generate heat after contacting the water layer 3, which is commonly used in the art. However, from the perspective of accelerating the heating speed and facilitating material procurement, the heating material layer 5 is preferably a calcium oxide layer or a self-heating pack.
[0033] The air interval layer 6 can be any interval layer that can isolate the water layer 3 from the dry ice layer 4 to prevent the two from coming into contact and causing the dry ice to sublimate, which is commonly used in the art. However, from the perspective of facilitating material procurement and controlling the use cost, the air interval layer 6 is preferably an air interval bag or a heat preservation film.
[0034] The aforementioned initiating agent 7 can be any agent commonly found in the art that can rapidly cause a small-scale combustion or explosion. However, from the perspective of ease of material sourcing, detonation stability, and success rate, it is preferred that the aforementioned initiating agent 7 be one or more of the following: ignition powder, pyrotechnic powder, propellant, igniter head, and thermite.
[0035] The aforementioned detonation device 8 can be any type of detonation device commonly used in the art that can efficiently detonate the detonating agent 7. However, from the perspective of facilitating remote operation and improving detonation safety, the aforementioned detonation device 8 is preferably a wireless electronic controller or a high-energy pulse detonator.
[0036] In this embodiment, in order to ensure that after the detonating agent 7 is detonated, the heating material layer 5 and the water layer 3 can immediately come into contact and react to generate heat and heat the water layer 3, thereby increasing the sublimation rate of dry ice, the detonating agent 7 is preferably disposed on the contact surface between the heating material layer 5 and the water layer 3.
[0037] Similarly, in order to ensure that after the detonating agent 7 is detonated, the dry ice layer 4 can immediately fall into the water layer 3 and immediately undergo dry ice sublimation, thereby increasing the rock-breaking speed of the dry ice rapid sublimation rock-breaking device, preferably, the detonating agent 7 is placed on the contact surface between the water layer 3 and the air gap layer 6.
[0038] In this embodiment, to enable the multi-layered explosive charge structure to react synchronously at the same time to break rock and improve the rock-breaking effect of pre-drilling deeper boreholes 2 in the rock mass 1 as needed, it is preferable to connect multiple detonating agents 7 to the same detonating device 8. Using this connection method, remotely activating one detonating device 8 can simultaneously detonate multiple detonating agents 7 located in the multi-layered explosive charge structure. The multi-layered explosive charge structure reacts simultaneously, and multiple synchronous rock-breaking events occur from bottom to top in the deeper boreholes 2. This results in shorter rock-breaking time, higher rock-breaking efficiency, and a significantly improved rock-breaking effect.
[0039] Of course, in actual use, when encountering shallow pre-drilled boreholes 2, such as Figure 2 As shown, the multi-layer charge structure can be adjusted to a centralized charge, that is, a single charge structure is used, whose internal structure and arrangement are the same as each charge structure in the multi-layer charge structure mentioned above. This can save the use of various materials and optimize costs while ensuring rock breaking effect.
[0040] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described in detail above with reference to the drawings, but the present application is not limited thereto. Within the technical concept of the present application, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present application, including the combination of various specific technical features in any suitable manner. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present application will not further describe various possible combination manners. However, these simple modifications and combinations should also be considered as disclosed content of the present application, and all belong to the protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A dry ice rapid sublimation rock-breaking device, characterized in that, The dry ice rapid sublimation rock breaking device includes a multi-layered charge structure arranged sequentially from bottom to top in the boreholes (2) on the rock mass (1), a plug (9) blocking the opening of the boreholes (2), and an initiation device (8) that passes through the plug (9) and is connected to each layer of the charge structure by an initiating agent (7). Each layer of the charge structure includes, from bottom to top, a heating material layer (5), a water layer (3), an air gap layer (6), and a dry ice layer (4). The initiating agent (7) is arranged between the heating material layer (5) and the water layer (3) and between the water layer (3) and the air gap layer (6) and is configured to be detonated by the initiation device (8).
2. The dry ice rapid sublimation rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The dry ice in the dry ice layer (4) is in the form of small particles.
3. The dry ice rapid sublimation rock-breaking device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The dry ice in small granular form is one or more of spherical, cylindrical, and dry ice powder.
4. The dry ice rapid sublimation rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating material layer (5) is a calcium oxide layer or a self-heating pack.
5. The dry ice rapid sublimation rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The air gap layer (6) is an air gap bag or a thermal insulation film.
6. The dry ice rapid sublimation rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detonating agent (7) is one or more of the following: ignition powder, pyrotechnic powder, propellant, igniter head, and thermite.
7. The dry ice rapid sublimation rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detonation device (8) is a wireless electronic controller or a high-energy pulse detonator.
8. The dry ice rapid sublimation rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detonating agent (7) is disposed on the contact surface between the heating material layer (5) and the water layer (3).
9. The dry ice rapid sublimation rock-breaking device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detonating agent (7) is disposed on the contact surface between the water layer (3) and the air gap layer (6).
10. The dry ice rapid sublimation rock-breaking device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Multiple of the aforementioned detonating agents (7) are connected to the same detonating device (8).