Intelligent switch circuit
By using diode rectification and resistor networks in the intelligent switching circuit to convert AC to DC, and controlling the conduction and disconnection of the relay near the zero-point voltage, the problem of relay arcing under high voltage is solved, thus extending the service life of the relay.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-20
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-24
AI Technical Summary
When existing relays are switched on or off under high voltage, strong electric arcs are generated between the contacts, leading to wear and tear on the contact materials and shortening the relay's service life.
The system employs an intelligent switching circuit that converts AC power into DC power through diode rectification and a resistor network. It also controls the switching on and off of the relay near the zero-point voltage, reducing arc generation and extending the relay's service life.
This effectively reduces relay damage and extends its service life.
Smart Images
Figure CN224037340U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of circuit design technology, and in particular to an intelligent switching circuit. Background Technology
[0002] In related technologies, relays are commonly used in current switching circuits. However, most current relays connect or disconnect when the voltage is high, resulting in a strong electric arc between the contacts. This arc can burn the contact surface, causing wear and tear on the contact material and shortening the relay's lifespan. Utility Model Content
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide an intelligent switching circuit that can extend the service life of relays.
[0004] The objective of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0005] This application provides a first aspect of an intelligent switching circuit, comprising: an input module; a main control module, including a chip U1 and a zero-crossing unit, wherein the input module is electrically connected to the chip U1, and the zero-crossing unit includes a diode D7, resistors R40, R41, R42, R43, and a transistor Q4, wherein the first terminal of the diode D7 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the resistor R40, the second terminal of the resistor R40 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the resistor R41, the second terminal of the resistor R41 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the resistor R42, the second terminal of the resistor R42 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the resistor R43, the second terminal of the resistor R43 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the transistor Q4, and the second terminal of the transistor Q4 is electrically connected to the chip U1; and a conduction module, wherein the conduction module is electrically connected to the chip U1 and the second terminal of the diode D7 respectively.
[0006] The input module includes a first step-down unit, which includes a resistor FR1, a diode D4, an inductor L1, a chip U2, a diode D8, a capacitor C1, and a capacitor C2. The first end of the resistor FR1 is electrically connected to an external power supply, the second end of the resistor FR1 is electrically connected to the first end of the diode D4, the second end of the diode D4 is electrically connected to the first end of the inductor L1, the second end of the inductor L1 is electrically connected to the chip U2, the first end of the diode D8 is electrically connected to an external power supply, the second end of the diode D8 is electrically connected to the first end of the capacitor C1, the second end of the capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the first end of the inductor L1, the first end of the capacitor C2 is electrically connected to the second end of the inductor L1, and the second end of the capacitor C2 is grounded.
[0007] The first step-down unit further includes an inductor L2, a capacitor C3, and a capacitor C4. The first end of the inductor L2 is electrically connected to the chip U1, the second end of the inductor L2 is electrically connected to the first end of the capacitor C3, and the second end of the capacitor C3 is electrically connected to the first end of the capacitor C4.
[0008] The input module further includes a second step-down unit, which includes a chip U3, a capacitor C5, and a capacitor C6. The chip U3 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the capacitor C4, the first terminal of the capacitor C5 is electrically connected to the chip U3, the second terminal of the capacitor C5 is grounded, the first terminal of the capacitor C6 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the capacitor C5, and the second terminal of the capacitor C6 is grounded.
[0009] The conduction module includes a switch SW21, a switch SW1, a resistor R15, and a resistor R14. The first end of the switch SW21 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R14, and the second end of the switch SW21 is grounded. The first end of the switch SW1 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R14, and the second end of the switch SW1 is grounded. The second end of the resistor R14 is electrically connected to the chip U3. The first end of the resistor R15 is electrically connected to the first ends of both the switch SW21 and the switch SW1, and the second end of the resistor R15 is electrically connected to the chip U1.
[0010] The conduction module also includes a switch SW2, a resistor R17, and a resistor R16. The first end of the switch SW2 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R17 and the first end of the resistor R16, respectively. The second end of the resistor R17 is electrically connected to the chip U1, and the second end of the resistor R16 is electrically connected to the chip U3.
[0011] The conduction module includes a switch SW22, a switch SW3, a resistor R18, and a resistor R19. The first end of the switch SW22 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R18, and the second end of the switch SW22 is grounded. The first end of the switch SW3 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R18, and the second end of the switch SW3 is grounded. The second end of the resistor R18 is electrically connected to the chip U3. The first end of the resistor R19 is electrically connected to the first ends of both the switch SW22 and the switch SW3, and the second end of the resistor R19 is electrically connected to the chip U1.
[0012] The conduction module also includes a resistor R1, a transistor Q1, and a relay K1. The first end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected to the chip U1, the second end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected to the first end of the transistor Q1, the second end of the transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the first end of the relay K1, the second end of the relay K1 is electrically connected to the second end of the inductor L2, and the third end of the relay K1 is electrically connected to the second end of the diode D7.
[0013] The conduction module also includes a resistor R2, a transistor Q2, and a relay K2. The first end of the resistor R2 is electrically connected to the chip U1, the second end of the resistor R2 is electrically connected to the first end of the transistor Q2, the second end of the transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the first end of the relay K2, the second end of the relay K2 is electrically connected to the second end of the inductor L2, and the third end of the relay K2 is electrically connected to the second end of the diode D7.
[0014] The conduction module also includes a resistor R3, a transistor Q3, and a relay K3. The first end of the resistor R3 is electrically connected to the chip U1, the second end of the resistor R3 is electrically connected to the first end of the transistor Q3, the second end of the transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the first end of the relay K3, and the second end of the relay K3 is electrically connected to the second end of the inductor L2.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages:
[0016] By setting a zero-crossing unit, the AC power is first rectified by diode D7 to convert it into DC power. Then, the DC power is stepped down to a safe range by resistors R40, R41, R42, and R43 to turn on transistor Q4. The collector of transistor Q4 outputs a square wave to chip U1. Chip U1 turns the relay in the conduction module on or off near the zero-point voltage according to the square wave, thereby reducing damage to the relay and extending its service life. Attached Figure Description
[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.
[0018] Figure 1 This is a functional block diagram of an intelligent switch circuit in one embodiment of the present invention;
[0019] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of chip U1 in one embodiment of the present invention;
[0020] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the zero-crossing unit and the second step-down unit in one embodiment of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the first step-down unit in one embodiment of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the conduction module in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0023] Embodiments of this application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While embodiments of this application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that this application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make this application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of this application to those skilled in the art.
[0024] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., may be used in this application to describe various information, this information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0025] Unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.
[0026] Relays are commonly used in current switching circuits. However, most current relays switch on or off at high voltages, resulting in strong electric arcs between the contacts. These arcs erode the contact surfaces, causing material wear and shortening the relay's lifespan.
[0027] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides an intelligent switching circuit that can extend the service life of relays.
[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0029] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 An intelligent switching circuit includes: an input module 100, a main control module 200, and a conduction module 300; the main control module 200 includes a chip U1 and a zero-crossing unit; the input module 100 is electrically connected to the chip U1; the zero-crossing unit includes a diode D7, resistors R40, R41, R42, and R43, and a transistor Q4; the first terminal of diode D7 is electrically connected to the first terminal of resistor R40; the second terminal of resistor R40 is electrically connected to the first terminal of resistor R41; the second terminal of resistor R41 is electrically connected to the first terminal of resistor R42; the second terminal of resistor R42 is electrically connected to the first terminal of resistor R43; the second terminal of resistor R43 is electrically connected to the first terminal of transistor Q4; and the second terminal of transistor Q4 is electrically connected to the chip U1; the conduction module 300 is electrically connected to the chip U1 and the second terminal of diode D7 respectively.
[0030] It should be noted that chip U1 integrates a zero-crossing check function. The AC voltage of the live wire is rectified by diode D7, converting it into DC. Then, it is stepped down to a safe range through resistors R40, R41, R42, and R43, turning on transistor Q4. A square wave is output from the collector of transistor Q4 to pin 20 of chip U1. Chip U1 turns the relay in the conduction module 300 on or off near the zero-crossing voltage based on the square wave, thereby reducing damage to the relay and extending its service life. The square wave is typically a sine wave, and the zero-crossing voltage is near the lowest point of the sine wave.
[0031] Please see Figure 4 In one embodiment, the input module 100 includes a first step-down unit, which includes a resistor FR1, a diode D4, an inductor L1, a chip U2, a diode D8, a capacitor C1, and a capacitor C2. The first terminal of resistor FR1 is electrically connected to an external power supply. The second terminal of resistor FR1 is electrically connected to the first terminal of diode D4. The second terminal of diode D4 is electrically connected to the first terminal of inductor L1. The second terminal of inductor L1 is electrically connected to chip U2. The first terminal of diode D8 is electrically connected to an external power supply. The second terminal of diode D8 is electrically connected to the first terminal of capacitor C1. The second terminal of capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the first terminal of inductor L1. The first terminal of capacitor C2 is electrically connected to the second terminal of inductor L1. The second terminal of capacitor C2 is grounded. Specifically, the first step-down unit further includes an inductor L2, a capacitor C3, and a capacitor C4. The first terminal of inductor L2 is electrically connected to chip U1. The second terminal of inductor L2 is electrically connected to the first terminal of capacitor C3. The second terminal of capacitor C3 is electrically connected to the first terminal of capacitor C4.
[0032] It should be noted that the external power supply is AC voltage 100V~240V. The first step-down unit is used to rectify the AC voltage into DC voltage, then filter it to output DC voltage of 150V~300V, and finally the chip U2 converts the 150V~300V DC voltage into 5V DC voltage.
[0033] Please see Figure 3 In one embodiment, the input module 100 further includes a second step-down unit, which includes a chip U3, a capacitor C5 and a capacitor C6. The chip U3 is electrically connected to the second end of the capacitor C4, the first end of the capacitor C5 is electrically connected to the chip U3, the second end of the capacitor C5 is grounded, the first end of the capacitor C6 is electrically connected to the first end of the capacitor C5, and the second end of the capacitor C6 is grounded.
[0034] It should be noted that the second step-down unit is used to convert the 5V voltage to a 3.3V voltage.
[0035] Please see Figure 5 In one embodiment, the conduction module 300 includes a switch SW21, a switch SW1, a resistor R15, and a resistor R14. The first terminal of switch SW21 is electrically connected to the first terminal of resistor R14, and the second terminal of switch SW21 is grounded. The first terminal of switch SW1 is electrically connected to the first terminal of resistor R14, and the second terminal of switch SW1 is grounded. The second terminal of resistor R14 is electrically connected to chip U3. The first terminal of resistor R15 is electrically connected to the first terminals of both switch SW21 and switch SW1, and the second terminal of resistor R15 is electrically connected to chip U1. Specifically, the conduction module 300 also includes a switch SW2, a resistor R17, and a resistor R16. The first terminal of switch SW2 is electrically connected to the first terminals of both resistor R17 and resistor R16, the second terminal of resistor R17 is electrically connected to chip U1, and the second terminal of resistor R16 is electrically connected to chip U3. Specifically, the conduction module 300 includes a switch SW22, a switch SW3, a resistor R18, and a resistor R19. The first end of switch SW22 is electrically connected to the first end of resistor R18, and the second end of switch SW22 is grounded. The first end of switch SW3 is electrically connected to the first end of resistor R18, and the second end of switch SW3 is grounded. The second end of resistor R18 is electrically connected to chip U3. The first end of resistor R19 is electrically connected to the first ends of both switch SW22 and switch SW3, and the second end of resistor R19 is electrically connected to chip U1.
[0036] It should be noted that SW1, SW21, SW2, SW3, and SW22 are all microswitches. Resistors R15, R14, R17, R16, R18, and R19 are all current-limiting resistors.
[0037] Please see Figure 5In one embodiment, the conduction module 300 further includes a resistor R1, a transistor Q1, and a relay K1. The first end of resistor R1 is electrically connected to chip U1, the second end of resistor R1 is electrically connected to the first end of transistor Q1, the second end of transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the first end of relay K1, the second end of relay K1 is electrically connected to the second end of inductor L2, and the third end of relay K1 is electrically connected to the second end of diode D7. Specifically, the conduction module 300 also includes a resistor R2, a transistor Q2, and a relay K2. The first end of resistor R2 is electrically connected to chip U1, the second end of resistor R2 is electrically connected to the first end of transistor Q2, the second end of transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the first end of relay K2, the second end of relay K2 is electrically connected to the second end of inductor L2, and the third end of relay K2 is electrically connected to the second end of diode D7. Specifically, the conduction module 300 also includes a resistor R3, a transistor Q3, and a relay K3. The first end of the resistor R3 is electrically connected to the chip U1, the second end of the resistor R3 is electrically connected to the first end of the transistor Q3, the second end of the transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the first end of the relay K3, and the second end of the relay K3 is electrically connected to the second end of the inductor L2.
[0038] It should be noted that pins L1, L2, and L3 are used for external loads, which can be electrically connected to LED lights or electronic products. The relays can be used to control the on / off state of these products.
[0039] The circuit principle of this application is explained below:
[0040] First, an external AC power input of 100V~204V passes through resistor FR1 and is rectified into a pulsating DC voltage by diodes D4 and D8. This voltage is then filtered by capacitors C1, L1, and C2 to a DC voltage of approximately 150V~300V. This DC voltage passes through chip U2, inductor L2, and is further filtered by capacitors C3 and C4 to form a 5V DC voltage. This 5V DC voltage then passes through chip U3 and is filtered by capacitors C5 and C6, resulting in a 3.3V DC voltage, which is then output to the VCC pin of chip U1 to power it.
[0041] Furthermore, when microswitches SW1, SW21, SW2, SW3, and SW22 are pressed, a low-level output is sent to the controller inside chip U1. Chip U1 then outputs a high or low level to control the on / off state of relays K1, K2, and K3, thereby controlling the on / off state of the electronic product. Chip U1 integrates a zero-crossing detection function. The AC voltage is rectified by diode D7, then stepped down by resistors R40, R41, R42, and R43 to drive transistor Q4. A square wave is output from the collector of transistor Q4 and sent to pin 20 of chip U1. Chip U1 uses this square wave to determine whether to turn relays K1, K2, and K3 on or off near the zero point, avoiding connecting or disconnecting relays K1, K2, and K3 when the voltage is high, thus extending the lifespan of the relays.
[0042] The solution of this application has been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses; for parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art should also understand that the actions and modules involved in the specification are not necessarily essential to this application. Furthermore, it is understood that the steps in the method of this application embodiment can be adjusted, combined, and deleted according to actual needs, and the modules in the device of this application embodiment can be combined, divided, and deleted according to actual needs.
[0043] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims
1. An intelligent switching circuit, characterized in that, include: Input module; The main control module includes a chip U1 and a zero-crossing unit. The input module is electrically connected to the chip U1. The zero-crossing unit includes a diode D7, resistors R40, R41, R42, R43, and a transistor Q4. The first terminal of the diode D7 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the resistor R40. The second terminal of the resistor R40 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the resistor R41. The second terminal of the resistor R41 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the resistor R42. The second terminal of the resistor R42 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the resistor R43. The second terminal of the resistor R43 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the transistor Q4. The second terminal of the transistor Q4 is electrically connected to the chip U1. The conduction module is electrically connected to the second terminal of the chip U1 and the diode D7, respectively.
2. The intelligent switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input module includes a first step-down unit, which includes a resistor FR1, a diode D4, an inductor L1, a chip U2, a diode D8, a capacitor C1, and a capacitor C2. The first end of the resistor FR1 is electrically connected to an external power supply, the second end of the resistor FR1 is electrically connected to the first end of the diode D4, the second end of the diode D4 is electrically connected to the first end of the inductor L1, the second end of the inductor L1 is electrically connected to the chip U2, the first end of the diode D8 is electrically connected to an external power supply, the second end of the diode D8 is electrically connected to the first end of the capacitor C1, the second end of the capacitor C1 is electrically connected to the first end of the inductor L1, the first end of the capacitor C2 is electrically connected to the second end of the inductor L1, and the second end of the capacitor C2 is grounded.
3. The intelligent switching circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first step-down unit further includes an inductor L2, a capacitor C3, and a capacitor C4. The first end of the inductor L2 is electrically connected to the chip U1, the second end of the inductor L2 is electrically connected to the first end of the capacitor C3, and the second end of the capacitor C3 is electrically connected to the first end of the capacitor C4.
4. The intelligent switching circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The input module further includes a second step-down unit, which includes a chip U3, a capacitor C5, and a capacitor C6. The chip U3 is electrically connected to the second terminal of the capacitor C4, the first terminal of the capacitor C5 is electrically connected to the chip U3, the second terminal of the capacitor C5 is grounded, the first terminal of the capacitor C6 is electrically connected to the first terminal of the capacitor C5, and the second terminal of the capacitor C6 is grounded.
5. The intelligent switching circuit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The conduction module includes a switch SW21, a switch SW1, a resistor R15, and a resistor R14. The first end of the switch SW21 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R14, and the second end of the switch SW21 is grounded. The first end of the switch SW1 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R14, and the second end of the switch SW1 is grounded. The second end of the resistor R14 is electrically connected to the chip U3. The first end of the resistor R15 is electrically connected to the first ends of both the switch SW21 and the switch SW1, and the second end of the resistor R15 is electrically connected to the chip U1.
6. The intelligent switch circuit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The conduction module also includes a switch SW2, a resistor R17, and a resistor R16. The first end of the switch SW2 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R17 and the first end of the resistor R16, respectively. The second end of the resistor R17 is electrically connected to the chip U1, and the second end of the resistor R16 is electrically connected to the chip U3.
7. The intelligent switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conduction module includes a switch SW22, a switch SW3, a resistor R18, and a resistor R19. The first end of the switch SW22 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R18, and the second end of the switch SW22 is grounded. The first end of the switch SW3 is electrically connected to the first end of the resistor R18, and the second end of the switch SW3 is grounded. The second end of the resistor R18 is electrically connected to the chip U3. The first end of the resistor R19 is electrically connected to the first ends of both the switch SW22 and the switch SW3, and the second end of the resistor R19 is electrically connected to the chip U1.
8. The intelligent switching circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The conduction module also includes a resistor R1, a transistor Q1, and a relay K1. The first end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected to the chip U1, the second end of the resistor R1 is electrically connected to the first end of the transistor Q1, the second end of the transistor Q1 is electrically connected to the first end of the relay K1, the second end of the relay K1 is electrically connected to the second end of the inductor L2, and the third end of the relay K1 is electrically connected to the second end of the diode D7.
9. The intelligent switch circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that, The conduction module also includes a resistor R2, a transistor Q2, and a relay K2. The first end of the resistor R2 is electrically connected to the chip U1, the second end of the resistor R2 is electrically connected to the first end of the transistor Q2, the second end of the transistor Q2 is electrically connected to the first end of the relay K2, the second end of the relay K2 is electrically connected to the second end of the inductor L2, and the third end of the relay K2 is electrically connected to the second end of the diode D7.
10. The intelligent switching circuit according to claim 9, characterized in that, The conduction module also includes a resistor R3, a transistor Q3, and a relay K3. The first end of the resistor R3 is electrically connected to the chip U1, the second end of the resistor R3 is electrically connected to the first end of the transistor Q3, the second end of the transistor Q3 is electrically connected to the first end of the relay K3, and the second end of the relay K3 is electrically connected to the second end of the inductor L2.