Radio frequency unfreezing device and refrigerator
By optimizing the electrode design of the radio frequency defrosting device, the problem of uneven food defrosting was solved, resulting in a more uniform defrosting effect and higher space utilization, adapting to the defrosting needs of ingredients of different sizes.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-31
AI Technical Summary
The problem of uneven thawing of different parts of food in existing radio frequency defrosting devices.
A radio frequency defrosting device is designed by setting a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate on a shielded shell, such that the distance between them along the height direction of the shielded shell is greater than or equal to half the distance between the first shielding surface and the second shielding surface, and optimizing the distance and thickness between the electrode plate and the shielding surface, so as to increase the effective radiation area of radio frequency energy, disperse the electric field intensity, and reduce overheating at the edges and corners of the food.
It improves the uniformity and quality of food thawing, reduces the probability of overheating at the edges and corners of food, increases thawing efficiency and space utilization, and adapts to the thawing needs of food of different volumes.
Smart Images
Figure CN224055235U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of radio frequency defrosting, and particularly relates to a radio frequency defrosting device and a refrigerator. Background Technology
[0002] Traditional defrosting methods, such as air defrosting and warm water defrosting, mainly rely on external heat conduction. These methods are slow and prone to nutrient loss and microbial contamination. Although microwave defrosting utilizes electromagnetic field penetration, its high frequency and poor penetration often result in overheating of the food surface while the interior remains cold, leading to uneven defrosting.
[0003] Radio frequency (RF) defrosting technology is gaining increasing attention due to its advantages such as rapid defrosting rate and greater penetration depth. RF defrosting utilizes electromagnetic waves of a specific frequency to cause polar molecules and ions in food to oscillate and generate heat, thus achieving rapid defrosting. Compared to microwave defrosting, RF defrosting, with its lower frequency and longer wavelength, can penetrate food more deeply, resulting in better defrosting quality.
[0004] However, in related technologies, when food is thawed using radio frequency defrosting devices, the thawing process is uneven across different parts of the food. Utility Model Content
[0005] This application aims to at least partially solve the technical problem of uneven food defrosting in related technologies using radio frequency defrosting devices. To this end, this application provides a radio frequency defrosting device and a refrigerator.
[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a radio frequency defrosting device, comprising:
[0007] A shielding housing has a radio frequency cavity and a defrosting cavity, and along the height direction of the shielding housing, the shielding housing has a first shielding surface and a second shielding surface that are spaced apart;
[0008] A first electrode plate and a second electrode plate are disposed in the radio frequency cavity for radiating radio frequency energy into the defrosting cavity. The first electrode plate and the second electrode plate are both disposed between the first shielding surface and the second shielding surface.
[0009] Along the height direction of the shielding shell, the distance H3 between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the distance H4 between the first shielding surface and the second shielding surface.
[0010] In some embodiments, the first electrode plate is disposed close to the first shielding surface, and the distance H5 between the first electrode plate and the first shielding surface is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the distance H4 between the first shielding surface and the second shielding surface.
[0011] In some embodiments, the distance H5 between the first electrode plate and the first shielding surface is 45mm to 55mm.
[0012] In some embodiments, the second electrode plate is disposed close to the second shielding surface, and the distance H6 between the second electrode plate and the second shielding surface is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the distance H4 between the first shielding surface and the second shielding surface.
[0013] In some embodiments, the distance H6 between the second electrode plate and the second shielding surface is 45mm to 55mm.
[0014] In some embodiments, the distance H4 between the first shielding surface and the second shielding surface is 180mm to 220mm.
[0015] In some embodiments, the minimum distance L1 between the edge of the first electrode plate and the side wall of the shielding housing is 35mm to 65mm;
[0016] and / or
[0017] The minimum distance L2 between the edge of the second electrode plate and the side wall of the shielding shell is 35mm to 65mm.
[0018] In some embodiments, the thickness H1 of the first electrode plate in the height direction of the shielding housing is less than or equal to 15 mm;
[0019] and / or
[0020] The thickness H2 of the second electrode plate in the height direction of the shielding housing is less than or equal to 15 mm.
[0021] In some embodiments, the distance between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate increases in the direction from the middle of the shielding housing to the edge of the shielding housing.
[0022] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a refrigerator, including: a cabinet and the radio frequency defrosting device described in the first aspect.
[0023] This utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:
[0024] Along the height of the shielding shell, the distance between the first and second electrodes is greater than or equal to half the distance between the first and second shielding surfaces. This design results in a larger distance between the first and second electrodes, increasing the effective radiation area of radio frequency energy. This allows the food in the defrosting chamber to receive radio frequency energy more evenly, thereby improving defrosting efficiency. Furthermore, the larger distance between the first and second electrodes helps to disperse the electric field intensity, reducing the concentration of electric field lines at the edges and corners of the food. This reduces the probability of localized overheating and minimizes overheated areas at the edges and corners, resulting in a more uniform overall temperature of the food during defrosting and ensuring its quality and taste. Additionally, the larger distance between the first and second electrodes allows for a larger defrosting chamber design, improving the space utilization of the radio frequency defrosting device and adapting to the defrosting needs of foods of different volumes. Attached Figure Description
[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the main body in one or more embodiments of this application is shown.
[0027] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure after the main body is hidden in one or more embodiments of this application is shown.
[0028] Figure 3 It shows Figure 2 The front view.
[0029] Figure 4 It shows Figure 2 Top view.
[0030] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the refrigerator's structure when the door is open is shown in one or more embodiments of this application.
[0031] Reference numerals: 1000-Refrigerator, 1000a-Fixed cavity, 100-Radio frequency defrosting device, 110-Shielding shell, 111-Main body, 112-Shielding layer, 110a-Radio frequency cavity, 110b-Defrosting cavity, 110c-First shielding surface, 110d-Second shielding surface, 120-First electrode plate, 130-Second electrode plate, 200-Box body, 300-Door body. Detailed Implementation
[0032] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0033] It should be noted that all directional indications in this utility model embodiment are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.
[0034] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixing" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.
[0035] Furthermore, in this utility model, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.
[0036] In related technologies, when food is thawed using a radio frequency defrosting device, the edges and corners of the food thaw faster than the center due to the uneven distribution of the electromagnetic field, resulting in uneven thawing of different parts of the food.
[0037] Therefore, in related technologies, there is a technical problem of uneven thawing of different parts of food when thawing food using a radio frequency (RF) defrosting device. This application provides an RF defrosting device and a refrigerator, which can at least partially solve the technical problem of uneven thawing of different parts of food when thawing food using an RF defrosting device.
[0038] This application is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:
[0039] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the radio frequency defrosting device 100 includes: a shielding housing 110, a first electrode plate 120, and a second electrode plate 130. The shielding housing 110 has a radio frequency cavity 110a and a defrosting cavity 110b. Along the height direction of the shielding housing 110, the shielding housing 110 has a first shielding surface 110c and a second shielding surface 110d that are spaced apart. The first electrode plate 120 and the second electrode plate 130 are both disposed in the radio frequency cavity 110a and are both used to radiate radio frequency energy into the defrosting cavity 110b. The first electrode plate 120 and the second electrode plate 130 are both disposed between the first shielding surface 110c and the second shielding surface 110d. Along the height direction of the shielding housing 110, the distance H3 between the first electrode plate 120 and the second electrode plate 130 is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the distance H4 between the first shielding surface 110c and the second shielding surface 110d.
[0040] The first shielding surface 110c and the second shielding surface 110d are spaced apart along the height direction of the shielding housing 110, with a certain distance between them. The radio frequency cavity 110a is used to mount the first electrode plate 120 and the second electrode plate 130, both of which are installed within the radio frequency cavity 110a. The first electrode plate 120 and the second electrode plate 130 are spaced apart, both located between the first shielding surface 110c and the second shielding surface 110d. The defrosting cavity 110b is located between the first electrode plate 120 and the second electrode plate 130. Food to be defrosted is placed in the defrosting cavity 110b. The first electrode plate 120 and the second electrode plate 130 radiate radio frequency energy into the defrosting cavity 110b, exciting water molecules in the food to vibrate at high frequencies, generating heat, thereby defrosting the food in the defrosting cavity 110b. The materials and circuit principles of the first electrode plate 120 and the second electrode plate 130 are diverse and known to those skilled in the art, and will not be elaborated here.
[0041] Along the height direction of the shielding housing 110, the distance H3 between the first electrode 120 and the second electrode 130 is greater than or equal to half the distance H4 between the first shielding surface 110c and the second shielding surface 110d. In other words, the distance between the first electrode 120 and the second electrode 130 along the height direction of the shielding housing 110 is greater than or equal to half the distance between the first shielding surface 110c and the second shielding surface 110d along the height direction of the shielding housing 110. This design results in a larger distance between the first electrode 120 and the second electrode 130, increasing the effective radiation area of radio frequency energy. This allows the food in the defrosting chamber 110b to receive radio frequency energy more evenly, thereby improving defrosting efficiency. Furthermore, the larger distance between the first electrode 120 and the second electrode 130 helps to disperse the electric field intensity, reducing the accumulation of electric field lines at the edges and corners of the food. This reduces the probability of localized overheating of the food and minimizes overheated areas at the edges and corners, resulting in a more uniform overall temperature of the food during defrosting and ensuring the quality and taste of the food. Furthermore, the larger distance between the first electrode plate 120 and the second clamping plate helps to design a larger defrosting chamber 110b, improves the space utilization of the radio frequency defrosting device 100, and adapts to the defrosting needs of food of different volumes.
[0042] In some embodiments, the first shielding surface 110c is the inner top surface of the shielding housing 110, the second shielding surface 110d is the inner bottom surface of the shielding housing 110, and the first shielding surface 110c is located above the second shielding surface 110d.
[0043] In some embodiments, the first electrode plate 120 is disposed above the second electrode plate 130.
[0044] In some embodiments, the first electrode 120 is disposed close to the first shielding surface 110c, and the distance H5 between the first electrode 120 and the first shielding surface 110c is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the distance H4 between the first shielding surface 110c and the second shielding surface 110d. This design, with the first electrode 120 being closer to the first shielding surface 110c, allows for a larger spacing between the first electrode 120 and the second electrode 130. A larger electrode spacing helps to distribute the electric field more evenly, reducing the concentration effect of the electric field at the edges, thereby reducing the edge effect during food thawing and ensuring the uniformity of food thawing.
[0045] In some embodiments, the distance H5 between the first electrode plate 120 and the first shielding surface 110c is 45mm to 55mm. This design helps to optimize the electric field distribution, improve defrosting efficiency and uniformity, and reduce the risk of local overheating of food.
[0046] In some embodiments, the second electrode 130 is disposed close to the second shielding surface 110d, and the distance H6 between the second electrode 130 and the second shielding surface 110d is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the distance H4 between the first shielding surface 110c and the second shielding surface 110d. This design, with the second electrode 130 being closer to the second shielding surface 110d, allows for a larger spacing between the two electrodes. A larger electrode spacing helps to distribute the electric field more evenly, reducing the concentration effect of the electric field at the edges, thereby reducing the edge effect during food thawing and ensuring the uniformity of food thawing.
[0047] In some embodiments, the distance H6 between the second electrode plate 130 and the second shielding surface 110d is 45mm to 55mm. This design helps to optimize the electric field distribution, improve defrosting efficiency and uniformity, and reduce the risk of local overheating of food.
[0048] In some embodiments, the distance H4 between the first shielding surface 110c and the second shielding surface 110d is 180mm to 210mm. Setting the distance between the first shielding surface 110c and the second shielding surface 110d within the range of 180mm to 210mm helps to achieve a uniform distribution of the electric field, improves defrosting efficiency, reduces the risk of local overheating of food, and ensures that different foods can achieve a relatively uniform defrosting effect throughout the entire defrosting process.
[0049] In some embodiments, the minimum distance L1 between the edge of the first electrode plate 120 and the side wall of the shielding housing 110 is 35mm to 65mm; and / or the minimum distance L2 between the edge of the second electrode plate 130 and the side wall of the shielding housing 110 is 35mm to 65mm.
[0050] That is, the minimum distance between the edge of the first electrode plate 120 and the side wall of the shielding housing 110 is 35mm to 65mm, or the minimum distance between the edge of the second electrode plate 130 and the side wall of the shielding housing 110 is 35mm to 65mm, or the minimum distance between the edge of the first electrode plate 120 and the side wall of the shielding housing 110 is 35mm to 65mm and the minimum distance between the edge of the second electrode plate 130 and the side wall of the shielding housing 110 is 35mm to 65mm.
[0051] By setting the distance between the edge of the first electrode plate 120 and the side wall of the shielding housing 110 to be within the range of 35mm to 65mm, the internal space of the radio frequency defrosting device 100 can be effectively utilized. This distance range helps to maximize the usable volume of the defrosting chamber 110b while ensuring sufficient spacing between the first electrode plate 120 and the side wall of the shielding housing 110 to avoid electromagnetic interference, thereby adapting to the defrosting needs of food of different volumes. The distance between the edge of the first electrode plate 120 and the side wall of the shielding housing 110 contributes to the uniform distribution of the electromagnetic field, reduces edge effects, and thus improves defrosting efficiency and the uniformity of the quality of the defrosted food.
[0052] Similarly, setting the distance between the edge of the second electrode 130 and the side wall of the shielding housing 110 within the range of 35mm to 65mm effectively utilizes the internal space of the radio frequency defrosting device 100. This distance range helps to maximize the usable volume of the defrosting chamber 110b while ensuring sufficient spacing between the second electrode 130 and the side wall of the shielding housing 110 to avoid electromagnetic interference, thereby adapting to the defrosting needs of food of different volumes. The distance between the edge of the second electrode 130 and the side wall of the shielding housing 110 contributes to the uniform distribution of the electromagnetic field, reduces edge effects, and thus improves defrosting efficiency and the uniformity of the quality of the defrosted food.
[0053] In some embodiments, the thickness H1 of the first electrode plate 120 in the height direction of the shielding housing 110 is less than or equal to 15 mm; and / or the thickness H2 of the second electrode plate 130 in the height direction of the shielding housing 110 is less than or equal to 15 mm.
[0054] That is, the thickness H1 of the first electrode plate 120 in the height direction of the shielding shell 110 is not greater than 15mm, or the thickness H2 of the second electrode plate 130 in the height direction of the shielding shell 110 is not greater than 15mm, or the thickness of the first electrode plate 120 in the height direction of the shielding shell 110 is not greater than 15mm and the thickness of the second electrode plate 130 in the height direction of the shielding shell 110 is not greater than 15mm.
[0055] By controlling the thickness of the first electrode plate 120 to within 15mm, the volume of the defrosting chamber 110b can be increased within a limited space, thereby adapting to the defrosting needs of food of different volumes and improving space utilization efficiency. Keeping the thickness of the first electrode plate 120 within 15mm helps reduce energy loss in the electrode material, allowing more radio frequency energy to penetrate to the food, thus improving defrosting efficiency. It also helps to ensure a uniform electric field distribution, reducing differences in electric field intensity caused by uneven electrode plate thickness, thereby improving defrosting uniformity.
[0056] Similarly, by controlling the thickness of the second electrode plate 130 to within 15mm, the volume of the defrosting chamber 110b can be increased within a limited space, thereby adapting to the defrosting needs of food of different volumes and improving space utilization efficiency. Controlling the thickness of the second electrode plate 130 to within 15mm helps reduce energy loss in the electrode material, allowing more radio frequency energy to penetrate to the food, thus improving defrosting efficiency. It also helps to ensure a uniform distribution of the electric field, reducing differences in electric field intensity caused by uneven electrode plate thickness, thereby improving defrosting uniformity.
[0057] In some embodiments, the distance between the first electrode plate 120 and the second electrode plate 130 increases in the direction from the middle of the shielding housing 110 to the edge of the shielding housing 110. That is, the spacing between the first electrode plate 120 and the second electrode plate 130 increases in the direction from the middle of the first electrode plate 120 to the edge of the first electrode plate 120.
[0058] In some embodiments, the first electrode 120 protrudes toward the second electrode 130, and the second electrode 130 protrudes toward the first electrode 120, such that the distance between the central regions of the first electrode 120 and the second electrode 130 is small, while the distance between their edge regions is large. The first electrode 120 and / or the second electrode 130 can maintain a consistent thickness from the center to the edge, resembling an ellipsoidal arc-shaped plate structure, with the central region closer to the thawing chamber 110b; alternatively, the thickness can decrease from the center to the edge, resembling an ellipsoidal boss structure.
[0059] Of course, in some other embodiments, the first electrode plate 120 is in a downward convex shape and the second electrode plate 130 is in a flat shape; or the first electrode plate 120 is in a flat shape and the second electrode plate 130 is in an upward convex shape; this can also achieve the goal of increasing the distance between the first electrode plate 120 and the second electrode plate 130.
[0060] Along the direction from the middle of the first electrode plate 120 to its edge, the distance between the first electrode plate 120 and the second electrode plate 130 increases. This allows the electric field strength between the first electrode plate 120 and the second electrode plate 130 to gradually weaken from the middle of the first electrode plate 120 towards its edge. This reduces the electromagnetic field strength at the edges and corners of the food, slows down the thawing of the edges and corners, and achieves a more uniform thawing effect.
[0061] In other embodiments, the thickness of the first electrode plate 120 and / or the second electrode plate 130 in the height direction of the shielding housing 110 is reduced from the middle of the shielding housing 110 to the edge of the shielding housing 110, which can also achieve the above-mentioned technical effect.
[0062] like Figure 5As shown, based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a refrigerator 1000, including a cabinet 200 and the aforementioned radio frequency defrosting device 100. Integrating the radio frequency defrosting device 100 into the cabinet 200 of the refrigerator 1000 utilizes the internal space of the refrigerator 1000, reducing the space occupied in the kitchen. Simultaneously, this integrated design allows the refrigerator 1000 to not only have traditional refrigeration and freezing functions but also add the additional function of rapid defrosting, meeting users' needs for multifunctional home appliances. Since the refrigerator 1000 possesses the aforementioned radio frequency defrosting device 100, it also has all the beneficial effects of the radio frequency defrosting device 100, which will not be elaborated upon here.
[0063] In some embodiments, the refrigerator also includes a door 300, which and the cabinet 200 together form a fixed cavity 1000a for mounting the radio frequency defrosting device 100, with the cabinet 200 installed inside the fixed cavity 1000a. With this design, after opening the door 300, the radio frequency defrosting device 100 can be seen inside, and food can be placed in or removed from the defrosting cavity 110b of the radio frequency defrosting device 100.
[0064] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.
[0065] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only if they are based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed in this application.
[0066] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of this application, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A radio frequency thawing device, characterized in that, The radio frequency thawing device (100) comprises: a shielding shell (110) having a radio frequency cavity (110a) and a thawing cavity (110b), the shielding shell (110) having a first shielding surface (110c) and a second shielding surface (110d) arranged at intervals along the height direction of the shielding shell (110); a first electrode plate (120) and a second electrode plate (130) arranged in the radio frequency cavity (110a) and used for radiating radio frequency energy to the thawing cavity (110b), the first electrode plate (120) and the second electrode plate (130) being arranged between the first shielding surface (110c) and the second shielding surface (110d); the distance H3 between the first electrode plate (120) and the second electrode plate (130) along the height direction of the shielding shell (110) is greater than or equal to 1 / 2 of the distance H4 between the first shielding surface (110c) and the second shielding surface (110d).
2. The radio frequency thawing device of claim 1, wherein, The first electrode plate (120) is arranged close to the first shielding surface (110c), and the distance H5 between the first electrode plate (120) and the first shielding surface (110c) is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the distance H4 between the first shielding surface (110c) and the second shielding surface (110d).
3. The radio frequency thawing device of claim 2, wherein, The distance H5 between the first electrode plate (120) and the first shielding surface (110c) is 45 mm to 55 mm.
4. The radio frequency thawing device of claim 1, wherein, The second electrode plate (130) is arranged close to the second shielding surface (110d), and the distance H6 between the second electrode plate (130) and the second shielding surface (110d) is less than or equal to 1 / 4 of the distance H4 between the first shielding surface (110c) and the second shielding surface (110d).
5. The radio frequency thawing apparatus of claim 4, wherein, The distance H6 between the second electrode plate (130) and the second shielding surface (110d) is 45 mm to 55 mm.
6. The radio frequency thawing apparatus of any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The distance H4 between the first shielding surface (110c) and the second shielding surface (110d) is 180 mm to 220 mm.
7. The radio frequency thawing apparatus of any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The minimum distance L1 between the edge of the first electrode plate (120) and the side wall of the shielding shell (110) is 35 mm to 65 mm; and / or The minimum distance L2 between the edge of the second electrode plate (130) and the side wall of the shielding shell (110) is 35 mm to 65 mm. The thickness H1 of the first electrode plate (120) along the height direction of the shielding shell (110) is less than or equal to 15 mm; and / or 8. The radio frequency thawing apparatus of any one of claims 1-5, wherein, The thickness H2 of the second electrode plate (130) along the height direction of the shielding shell (110) is less than or equal to 15 mm. The distance between the first electrode plate (120) and the second electrode plate (130) increases from the middle of the shielding shell (110) to the edge of the shielding shell (110). The radio frequency thawing device (100) comprises a box body (200) and the radio frequency thawing device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
9. The radio frequency thawing apparatus of any one of claims 1-5, wherein, 10. A refrigerator characterized by comprising: