Battery recovery device
By combining crushing, heating and volatilization, and multi-stage separation equipment, the problem of poor material separation in battery recycling devices has been solved, achieving more efficient material separation and recycling.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-31
AI Technical Summary
Existing battery recycling devices are ineffective at separating materials of different particle sizes, states, and shapes, resulting in incomplete separation.
The process employs a combination of crushing, heating and volatilization, separation, dispersing, screening, and multi-stage separation equipment, including vibrating dispersers, hammer crushers, air classifiers, and magnetic separators, to achieve multi-stage separation and processing.
It improves the separation effect of materials, reduces material entanglement, ensures the effective implementation of the separation process, and improves the recycling efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN224058341U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to a battery recycling device, specifically, to a battery recycling device. Background Technology
[0002] With the development of China's new energy industry, power batteries have been widely used and are rapidly developing in various industries such as new energy vehicles, energy storage, and electric bicycles. In the next few years, a large number of retired batteries will need to be disposed of, and the proper disposal of batteries is of great significance, having a profound impact on environmental protection and energy security. Currently, the commonly used technologies are pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and mechanical separation methods, corresponding to three different types of equipment. Among them, the mechanical separation battery recycling equipment is used to separate solid materials of different specific gravities within the battery.
[0003] However, battery recycling devices that use mechanical separation often fail to fully separate materials of different particle sizes, states, and shapes, resulting in poor separation performance. Utility Model Content
[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a battery recycling device to solve the technical problem of poor material separation effect in existing battery recycling devices.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a battery recycling device, comprising:
[0006] Crushing equipment, used for crushing batteries;
[0007] The heating and volatilization equipment is connected to the outlet of the crushing equipment. The heating and volatilization equipment is used to heat and volatilize the crushed batteries to obtain gaseous and solid mixtures.
[0008] The separation equipment has its inlet connected to the outlet of the heating and volatilization equipment. The separation equipment is used to separate solid mixtures.
[0009] Dispersing equipment is used to disperse solid mixtures and / or intermediate mixtures obtained after separation of solid mixtures.
[0010] Furthermore, the dispersing equipment includes:
[0011] Vibratory breakers are used to break up solid mixtures and / or intermediate mixtures obtained after separation of solid mixtures; and / or...
[0012] Hammer crusher is used to break up solid mixtures and / or intermediate mixtures obtained after separation of solid mixtures by impact.
[0013] Furthermore, the battery recycling device also includes:
[0014] The first screening device screens the solid mixture to obtain a first black powder and a first intermediate mixture, wherein the particles of the first intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the first black powder.
[0015] A vibratory mixer is used to break up the first intermediate mixture to obtain a second intermediate mixture and a third intermediate mixture, wherein the particles of the third intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the second intermediate mixture.
[0016] Furthermore, the battery recycling device also includes:
[0017] The second screening device screens the second intermediate mixture to obtain the second black powder and the fourth intermediate mixture, wherein the particles of the fourth intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the second black powder.
[0018] The first separation component separates the fourth intermediate mixture and the third intermediate mixture.
[0019] The hammer crusher is used to break up the mixture during the separation process of the fourth and third intermediate mixtures.
[0020] Furthermore, the first separation component includes:
[0021] A primary air separation device is used to perform primary air separation on the fourth and third intermediate mixtures to obtain the diaphragm mixture and the fifth intermediate mixture, respectively.
[0022] The third screening device screens the diaphragm mixture to obtain the second intermediate electrode material and the diaphragm, and collects the diaphragm.
[0023] The secondary air separation equipment performs secondary air separation on the second intermediate electrode material and the fifth intermediate mixture to obtain the sixth intermediate mixture and the seventh intermediate mixture, wherein the particles of the seventh intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the sixth intermediate mixture.
[0024] The second separation component screens the sixth intermediate mixture to obtain the first intermediate electrode material. The discharge port of the second separation component is connected to the feed port of the hammer crusher so that the hammer crusher can crush and disperse the first intermediate electrode material.
[0025] Furthermore, the second separation component includes:
[0026] A first sorting device and a first magnetic separator, wherein the first sorting device performs electrostatic or eddy current separation on the sixth intermediate mixture to obtain the third intermediate electrode material and the diaphragm, and collects the diaphragm; the first magnetic separator performs magnetic separation on the third intermediate electrode material to remove magnetic substances and obtain the first intermediate electrode material; and / or,
[0027] The second magnetic separator and the second sorting device, the second magnetic separator performs magnetic separation on the seventh intermediate mixture to remove magnetic materials and obtain a copper-aluminum mixture;
[0028] The second sorting device separates the copper-aluminum mixture to obtain copper particles and aluminum particles respectively.
[0029] Furthermore, the battery recycling device also includes:
[0030] The primary separation equipment performs primary separation on the first intermediate electrode material broken up by the hammer crusher to obtain an eighth intermediate mixture and dust. The particles of the eighth intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the dust.
[0031] The secondary separation equipment performs a second-stage separation on the eighth intermediate mixture to obtain the third black powder and the ninth intermediate mixture, respectively. The particles of the ninth intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the third black powder.
[0032] The grinding and granulating machine is used to grind and granulate the ninth intermediate mixture;
[0033] The three-stage separation equipment performs a third-stage separation on the ninth intermediate mixture after grinding and granulation to obtain a tenth intermediate mixture and a second dust, respectively. The particles of the tenth intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the second dust.
[0034] The four-stage separation equipment performs a fourth-stage separation on the tenth intermediate mixture to obtain the fourth black powder, diaphragm, copper particles and aluminum particles respectively.
[0035] Furthermore, the primary separation equipment is a cyclone separator; and / or,
[0036] The secondary separation equipment is the first screening machine; and / or,
[0037] The tertiary separation equipment is a cyclone separator; and / or...
[0038] The fourth-stage separation equipment is the second screening machine.
[0039] Furthermore, the four-stage separation device has a first separation port, a second separation port, and a third separation port arranged at intervals, so as to obtain an eleventh intermediate mixture, a twelfth intermediate mixture, and a portion of the fourth black powder through the first separation port, the second separation port, and the third separation port, respectively, wherein the particles of the eleventh intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the twelfth intermediate mixture; the battery recycling device also includes:
[0040] The mill grinds and granulates the eleventh intermediate mixture. The mill's outlet is connected to the inlet of the fourth-stage separation equipment to perform a fourth-stage separation on the eleventh intermediate mixture after grinding and granulation.
[0041] The five-stage separation equipment has its feed inlet connected to the second separation port to perform the fifth-stage separation on the twelfth intermediate mixture to obtain a portion of the fourth black powder and the thirteenth intermediate mixture, respectively. The particles of the thirteenth intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the fourth black powder.
[0042] A gravity separation device, which is at least partially connected to a five-stage separation device, is used to perform gravity separation on a thirteenth intermediate mixture to obtain diaphragm, copper particles and aluminum particles respectively.
[0043] Furthermore, the battery recycling device also includes:
[0044] The system includes a combustion furnace and an alkaline washing unit. The inlet of the combustion furnace is connected to the gas outlet of the heating and volatilization equipment to introduce a gaseous mixture. The combustion furnace performs high-temperature combustion on the gaseous mixture to obtain combusted gas. The alkaline washing unit then cools and washes the combusted gas with alkaline solutions. Alternatively...
[0045] The equipment includes a condensation device and an alkaline washing device. The inlet of the condensation device is connected to the gas outlet of the heating and volatilization device to introduce a gaseous mixture. The condensation device condenses and separates the gaseous mixture. The inlet of the alkaline washing device is connected to the tail gas outlet of the condensation device to perform alkaline washing on the tail gas after condensation and separation.
[0046] Furthermore, the battery recycling device also includes:
[0047] The dust removal equipment has black powder discharge ports of the first screening equipment, the second screening equipment, the secondary separation equipment, the fourth separation equipment, and the fifth separation equipment, all of which are connected to the inlet of the dust removal equipment. The dust removal equipment has a first outlet for discharging the first separated product and a second outlet for discharging the second separated product. The particles of the first separated product are larger than the particles of the second separated product.
[0048] The silo's inlet is connected to the first outlet;
[0049] The spraying equipment has its inlet connected to the second outlet and is used to spray the second separated product.
[0050] By applying the technical solution of this utility model, in the process of separating solid mixtures, the solid mixtures and / or the intermediate mixtures obtained after the solid mixtures are separated are dispersed, which enables the materials to be fully dispersed and broken up, reduces the material entanglement, facilitates the full separation of materials after dispersion and breaking up, and improves the separation effect of materials. Attached Figure Description
[0051] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The illustrative embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:
[0052] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery recycling device provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;
[0053] Figure 2 A schematic flowchart of a battery recycling method corresponding to a battery recycling device provided according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.
[0054] The above figures include the following reference numerals:
[0055] 101. First conveying equipment; 102. Crushing equipment; 103. Second conveying equipment; 104. Heating and volatilization equipment; 105. First screening equipment; 106. Third conveying equipment; 107. Vibrating mixer; 108. Second screening equipment; 109. Fourth conveying equipment; 110. Dispersing equipment; 111. Cyclone dust collector; 112. Secondary cyclone separator; 113. Secondary air classifier; 114. Primary air classifier; 115. Secondary magnetic separator; 116. Third screening equipment; 117. First sorting equipment; 118. Hammer crusher; 119. Primary separation equipment; 120. Baghouse dust collector; 121. 122. Secondary separation equipment; 123. Mill; 124. Tertiary separation equipment; 125. Gravity separation equipment; 126. Gravity separator; 127. Gravity separator; 128. Quaternary separation equipment; 129. Pentium separation equipment; 130. Silo; 131. Dust removal equipment; 132. Spraying equipment; 133. First chimney; 134. First filter; 136. Quenching equipment; 137. Water washing tower; 138. Secondary alkaline washing equipment; 139. Tertiary alkaline washing equipment; 140. Flue gas mixer; 141. Electric heater; 142. SCR reactor; 143. Second chimney; 144. First dust collector; 146. Second sorting equipment. Detailed Implementation
[0056] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0057] like Figure 1As shown, Embodiment 1 of this utility model provides a battery recycling device, which includes: a crushing device 102, a heating and volatilization device 104, a separation device, and a dispersing device, used for crushing batteries. The inlet of the heating and volatilization device 104 is connected to the outlet of the crushing device 102, and the heating and volatilization device 104 is used to heat and volatilize the crushed batteries to obtain a gaseous mixture and a solid mixture. The inlet of the separation device is connected to the outlet of the heating and volatilization device 104, and the separation device is used to separate the solid mixture. The dispersing device is used to disperse the solid mixture and / or the intermediate mixture obtained after the solid mixture is separated.
[0058] The battery recycling device provided in this embodiment uses a separation device to disperse the solid mixture and / or the intermediate mixture obtained after the solid mixture is separated. This allows the solid mixture and / or the intermediate mixture obtained after the solid mixture is separated to be fully dispersed and dispersed, reducing the situation where the material is difficult to separate during the separation process. This facilitates the full separation of the material after dispersion and dispersal, ensuring the effective implementation of the separation process and improving the separation effect of the material.
[0059] It should be noted that the connection between the various devices in the battery recycling system can be understood as the connection of different connection ports or the connection through connecting pipes.
[0060] In this embodiment, the dispersing equipment includes a vibratory mixer 107 and / or a hammer crusher 118. The vibratory mixer 107 is used to vibrate and disperse the solid mixture and / or the intermediate mixture obtained after separation of the solid mixture, so as to fully disperse the materials to be separated and facilitate subsequent separation. The hammer crusher 118 is used to impact and disperse the solid mixture and / or the intermediate mixture obtained after separation of the solid mixture, so as to fully disperse the materials to be separated and facilitate subsequent separation.
[0061] Specifically, the separation equipment includes a first screening device 105 and a vibrating mixer 107. The first screening device 105 screens the solid mixture to obtain a first black powder and a first intermediate mixture, wherein the particles of the first intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the first black powder. The vibrating mixer 107 disperses the first intermediate mixture to obtain a second intermediate mixture and a third intermediate mixture, wherein the particles of the third intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the second intermediate mixture. This facilitates the dispersion of the first intermediate mixture, avoids material entanglement and adhesion within the first intermediate mixture, and effectively improves the separation effect.
[0062] In this embodiment, the separation equipment further includes: a second screening device 108 and a first separation component. The second screening device 108 screens the second intermediate mixture to obtain a second black powder and a fourth intermediate mixture, wherein the particles of the fourth intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the second black powder. The first separation component mixes the fourth intermediate mixture and the third intermediate mixture and then separates them. The battery recycling device also includes a hammer crusher 118, which crushes and disperses the fourth intermediate mixture and the third intermediate mixture during the separation process. This facilitates the effective and thorough dispersion and separation of the materials obtained after mixing and separating the fourth intermediate mixture and the third intermediate mixture, and better avoids the formation of entanglement of materials during the separation process.
[0063] Specifically, the first separation component includes: a primary air classifier 114, a third screening device 116, a secondary air classifier 113, and a second separation component. The primary air classifier 114 performs primary air classification on the fourth and third intermediate mixtures to obtain a diaphragm mixture and a fifth intermediate mixture, respectively. The third screening device 116 screens the diaphragm mixture to obtain second intermediate electrode material and diaphragms, and collects the diaphragms. The secondary air classifier 113 performs secondary air classification on the second intermediate electrode material and the fifth intermediate mixture to obtain a sixth and a seventh intermediate mixture, wherein the particles in the seventh intermediate mixture are larger than those in the sixth intermediate mixture. The second separation component screens the sixth intermediate mixture to obtain first intermediate electrode material. The discharge port of the second separation component is connected to the feed port of a hammer crusher 118 so that the hammer crusher 118 can crush and disperse the first intermediate electrode material. This facilitates better separation, allowing for the gradual separation of materials of different particle sizes and types, thus improving the overall separation efficiency.
[0064] Specifically, the inlet of the third screening device 116 is connected to the outlet of the primary air classifier 114, which discharges the diaphragm mixture. The inlet of the secondary air classifier 113 is connected to the outlet of the second intermediate electrode material of the third screening device 116 and the outlet of the fifth intermediate mixture of the primary air classifier 114. The inlet of the second separation component is connected to the outlet of the secondary air classifier 113, which discharges the sixth intermediate mixture.
[0065] In this embodiment, the second separation component includes a first sorting device 117 and a first magnetic separator. The first sorting device 117 performs electrostatic or eddy current separation on the sixth intermediate mixture to obtain the third intermediate electrode material and the diaphragm, and collects the diaphragm. The first magnetic separator performs magnetic separation on the third intermediate electrode material to remove magnetic substances and obtain the first intermediate electrode material. This facilitates the gradual and multiple separation of the electrode, diaphragm, and black powder to improve the separation effect. In addition, magnetic separation also prevents magnetic substances from entering the subsequent hammer crusher 118 and affecting the service life of the hammer crusher 118.
[0066] The second separation component includes a second magnetic separator 115 and a second sorting device 146. The second magnetic separator 115 performs magnetic separation on the seventh intermediate mixture to remove magnetic materials and obtain a copper-aluminum mixture. The second sorting device 146 sorts the copper-aluminum mixture to obtain copper particles and aluminum particles separately. This facilitates the separate recovery of copper and aluminum particles, making recycling easier.
[0067] In this embodiment, the separation equipment further includes: a primary separation device 119, a secondary separation device 121, a grinding and granulating machine, a tertiary separation device 124, and a quaternary separation device 128. The primary separation device 119 performs a first-stage separation on the first intermediate electrode material broken up by the hammer crusher to obtain an eighth intermediate mixture and dust, wherein the particles of the eighth intermediate mixture are larger than the dust particles. The secondary separation device 121 performs a second-stage separation on the eighth intermediate mixture to obtain a third black powder and a ninth intermediate mixture, wherein the particles of the ninth intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the third black powder. The grinding and granulating machine grinds and granulates the ninth intermediate mixture. The tertiary separation device 124 performs a third-stage separation on the ground and granulated ninth intermediate mixture to obtain a tenth intermediate mixture and a second dust, wherein the particles of the tenth intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the second dust. The quaternary separation device 128 performs a fourth-stage separation on the tenth intermediate mixture to obtain a fourth black powder, a diaphragm, copper particles, and aluminum particles. This structural design facilitates the separation of materials through multi-stage separation equipment, improving the separation effect and enabling the complete separation of the fourth black powder, diaphragm, copper particles, and aluminum particles.
[0068] Specifically, the primary separation device 119 is a cyclone separator; and / or, the secondary separation device 121 is a first screening machine; and / or, the tertiary separation device 124 is a cyclone separator; and / or, the quaternary separation device 128 is a second screening machine. This ensures that the separation effect is fully guaranteed.
[0069] In this embodiment, the four-stage separation device 128 has a first separation port, a second separation port, and a third separation port arranged at intervals, to obtain an eleventh intermediate mixture, a twelfth intermediate mixture, and a portion of the fourth black powder through the first separation port, the second separation port, and the third separation port, respectively. The particles of the eleventh intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the twelfth intermediate mixture. The battery recycling device also includes a mill 122 for grinding and granulating the eleventh intermediate mixture. The discharge port of the mill 122 is connected to the feed port of the four-stage separation device 128 to perform a fourth-stage separation on the ground and granulated eleventh intermediate mixture. The separation device also includes a five-stage separation device 129 and a gravity separator 126. The feed port of the five-stage separation device 129 is connected to the second separation port to perform a fifth-stage separation on the twelfth intermediate mixture to obtain a portion of the fourth black powder and a thirteenth intermediate mixture, respectively. The particles of the thirteenth intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the fourth black powder. The gravity separation device 126 is at least partially connected to the five-stage separation device 129 to perform gravity separation on the thirteenth intermediate mixture to obtain diaphragm, copper particles, and aluminum particles respectively. This structural arrangement facilitates efficient separation and allows for the re-acquisition of a portion of the diaphragm, copper particles, and aluminum particles.
[0070] Specifically, the battery recycling device also includes a combustion furnace and an alkaline washing device. The inlet of the combustion furnace is connected to the gas outlet of the heating and volatilization device 104 to introduce a gaseous mixture. The combustion furnace performs high-temperature combustion on the gaseous mixture to obtain the combustion gas. The alkaline washing device cools and washes the combustion gas. This structural arrangement facilitates the thorough treatment of the gaseous mixture, ensuring that the exhaust gas meets emission standards before being discharged. Specifically, the combustion furnace can be a TO furnace.
[0071] Alternatively, the battery recycling device may also include a condensation unit and an alkaline washing unit. The inlet of the condensation unit is connected to the gas outlet of the heating and volatilization device 104 to introduce the gaseous mixture. The condensation unit condenses and separates the gaseous mixture. The inlet of the alkaline washing unit is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the condensation unit to perform alkaline washing on the exhaust gas after condensation and separation. This structural arrangement facilitates the thorough treatment of the gaseous mixture, ensuring that the exhaust gas meets emission standards before being discharged. Specifically, the condensation unit can be a multi-stage device to facilitate thorough condensation and separation at each stage.
[0072] In this embodiment, the battery recycling device further includes: a dust removal device 131, a hopper 130, and a spraying device 132. The black powder outlets of the first screening device 105, the second screening device 108, the secondary separation device 121, the fourth separation device 128, and the fifth separation device 129 are all connected to the inlet of the dust removal device 131. The dust removal device 131 has a first outlet for discharging the first separated product and a second outlet for discharging the second separated product, wherein the particles of the first separated product are larger than the particles of the second separated product. The inlet of the hopper 130 is connected to the first outlet, and the inlet of the spraying device 132 is connected to the second outlet. The spraying device 132 is used to spray the second separated product. This structure facilitates the thorough collection and treatment of black powder, ensuring that the exhaust gas meets environmental protection requirements.
[0073] Specifically, the specific process flow corresponding to the above embodiments is as follows:
[0074] The material (battery) to be processed is fed into the crushing equipment 102 through the first conveying device 101 for crushing. The crushed material is then fed into the heating and volatilization equipment 104 through the second conveying device 103. Specifically, the heating and volatilization equipment 104 is a low-temperature volatilization equipment with a maximum heating temperature of ≤200℃. After passing through the heating and volatilization equipment 104, the material is divided into two parts: one part is gaseous waste gas, and the other part is solid material.
[0075] The exhaust gas treatment method is as follows: the gaseous waste gas evaporates from the low-temperature volatilization equipment, then passes through the first filter 134 to remove dust, and enters the combustion furnace for combustion. The temperature of the combustion furnace is ≤1100℃. The combustion furnace can be a TO furnace. After combustion, the gas is cooled to 200℃ by the quenching equipment 136, then passes through the first dust collector 144 and then through the water washing tower 137 to absorb the fluorides in the waste gas. Then it passes through the secondary alkaline washing equipment 138 to further absorb the fluorides. Finally, it passes through the tertiary alkaline washing equipment 139 to absorb the fluorides. Then it passes through the flue gas mixer 140 to mix, and then through the electric heater 141 to heat the gas and increase the gas temperature. Then it passes through the SCR reactor 142 (selective catalytic reduction reactor) to remove nitrogen oxides. Finally, the exhaust gas meets the standards and is discharged through the second chimney 143.
[0076] The solid material is screened by the first screening device 105, which discharges the small black particles (first black powder). The other large particles (first intermediate mixture) are fed into the dispersing device (vibrating disperser 107) via the third conveying device 106 to further disperse the material and resolve the issue of partially coated material. After dispersing, some of the small particles (second intermediate mixture) are screened by the second screening device 108, which further separates the small black particles (second black powder) from the medium-sized electrode material (fourth intermediate mixture). The medium-sized particles are combined with the large electrode material (third intermediate mixture) dispersed by the dispersing device and fed into the fourth conveying device 109, then into the dispersion device 110, and then into the primary air classifier 114 to separate the lighter diaphragms (diaphragm mixture). The diaphragms are then fed into the third screening device 116 via the cyclone dust collector 111 to separate the diaphragms from the small electrode particles. The material (second intermediate electrode material) is separated and collected by the diaphragm. The heavier material (fifth intermediate mixture) after passing through the primary air classifier 114 enters the secondary air classifier 113 for further air classification. The lighter electrode material (second intermediate electrode material), copper foil, and aluminum foil (part of the fifth intermediate mixture and the sixth intermediate mixture) fall into the first sorting device 117 (which corresponds to electrostatic separation or eddy current equipment) after passing through the secondary cyclone separator 112 to further separate the doped diaphragm. The remaining electrode material (third intermediate electrode material) enters the next stage equipment. The heavier material (seventh intermediate mixture) after passing through the secondary air classifier 113 falls into the second magnetic separator 115 to separate the magnetic and non-magnetic materials. Then, the non-magnetic materials pass through the second sorting device 146 (which can be an AI separator) to separate the copper and aluminum blocks (copper-aluminum mixture) that are mixed in, further separating the large copper and aluminum, and improving the economic efficiency of recycling.The electrode sheets (third intermediate electrode material) separated from the electrostatic separation or eddy current separation in the first sorting device 117 are further demagnetized by the first magnetic separation device, which effectively protects the service life of the hammer crusher 118. Additionally, the hammer crusher 118 further breaks up the material coating on the electrode sheets (first intermediate electrode material), improving the recovery rate. Through negative pressure suction, the material after hammer crushing is passed through the primary separation device 119 (cyclone separation), while the heavier material (eighth intermediate mixture) falls into the secondary separation device 121 (which can...). The process begins with a screening machine. Small black particles (third black powder) enter the receiving system, while larger particles (ninth intermediate mixture) enter the mill 122. Light dust (first dust) from the cyclone separator is filtered by a bag filter 120. The black material then enters the receiving system. After passing through the mill 122, the larger particles (ninth intermediate material) are granulated. These materials are then drawn into the tertiary separation unit 124 (cyclone separator) under negative pressure. The heavier material (tenth intermediate mixture) exits from the tertiary separation unit. The material discharged from the cyclone discharge port of 124 is light black dust (secondary dust). After passing through the upper discharge port of the cyclone in the three-stage separation device 124 and being filtered by the bag filter 120, the black material enters the material collection system. The heavier material (tenth intermediate mixture) exiting the cyclone from the three-stage separation device 124 enters the four-stage separation device 128 (screening device). The four-stage separation device 128 has three outlets: the first separation port, the second separation port, and the third separation port. The largest particles (eleventh intermediate mixture) exit from the upper screening port (first separation port). The material is returned to mill 122 for re-feeding. Medium-sized particles (the twelfth intermediate mixture) enter the five-stage separation equipment 129 (screening equipment). The smallest particles (part of the fourth black powder) enter the black powder collection system. The material screened in the five-stage separation equipment 129 is screened again. The largest particles are screened through the gravity separator 126 to remove the small diaphragms. Medium-sized particles enter the gravity separator 127 to separate copper and aluminum. The smallest particles (part of the fourth black powder) enter the material collection system. Through the material collection system, the smallest black substances from the first screening device 105, the second screening device 108, the bag filter dust collector 131, the secondary separation device 121, the quaternary separation device 128, and the quinary separation device 129 in the entire production line are drawn into the dust collector 131 by negative pressure suction. Then (the first separation product) falls into the silo 130, and the smaller dust particles (the second separation product) pass through the spray device 132 and are finally discharged in compliance with regulations through the first chimney 133.
[0077] It should be noted that the conveying equipment in this application can be selected from various methods such as belt conveyors, scrapers, bucket elevators, and screw conveyors. The screening equipment can be a variety of screening structures such as a gyratory screen, a linear screen, and a circular vibrating screen.
[0078] Embodiment 2 of this utility model provides a battery recycling device. The difference between the recycling device in this embodiment and the battery recycling device in Embodiment 2 is that the recycling device in this embodiment does not have a primary separation device 119 and a bag filter 120. The hammer crusher 118 of the recycling device in this embodiment is directly connected to the secondary separation device 121. In this way, the separation effect of the material can be effectively guaranteed.
[0079] Embodiment 3 of this utility model provides a battery recycling device. The difference between the recycling device in this embodiment and the battery recycling device in Embodiment 2 is the location of the first sorting device 117. In this embodiment, the first sorting device 117 is located between the hammer crusher 118 and the secondary separation device 121. This also effectively ensures the separation effect of the material.
[0080] like Figure 2 As shown, the battery recycling method corresponding to the battery recycling device provided in the above embodiment of this utility model includes: crushing the battery and heating the crushed battery to volatilize it to obtain a gaseous mixture and a solid mixture; separating the solid mixture to obtain a separator, an electrode, black powder, copper particles and aluminum particles respectively; and dispersing the solid mixture and / or the intermediate mixture obtained after the solid mixture is separated during the separation process.
[0081] The battery recycling method provided in this embodiment disperses and breaks up the solid mixture and / or the intermediate mixture obtained after separation during the separation process. This ensures that the solid mixture and / or the intermediate mixture obtained after separation can be fully dispersed and broken up, reducing the situation where material clumps are difficult to separate during the separation process. It facilitates the full separation of materials after dispersion and breaking up, ensuring the effective implementation of the separation process and improving the separation effect.
[0082] Specifically, the process of dispersing the solid mixture and / or the intermediate mixture obtained after separation of the solid mixture includes: vibrating and / or impacting the solid mixture and / or the intermediate mixture obtained after separation of the solid mixture. This method facilitates thorough dispersing of the solid mixture and / or the intermediate mixture obtained after separation of the solid mixture, thereby ensuring effective separation.
[0083] Specifically, the intermediate mixture includes a first intermediate mixture; the separation of the solid mixture includes: sieving the solid mixture to obtain a first black powder and a first intermediate mixture, wherein the particles of the first intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the first black powder; and dispersing the first intermediate mixture to obtain a second intermediate mixture and a third intermediate mixture, wherein the particles of the third intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the second intermediate mixture. This facilitates the dispersal of the first intermediate mixture, avoids material entanglement and adhesion within the first intermediate mixture, and effectively improves the separation efficiency.
[0084] Specifically, after dispersing the first intermediate mixture, the battery recycling method further includes: screening the second intermediate mixture to obtain a second black powder and a fourth intermediate mixture, wherein the particles of the fourth intermediate mixture are larger than those of the second black powder; mixing the fourth intermediate mixture and the third intermediate mixture and then separating them, and using a hammer crusher to disperse the mixture during the separation process. This facilitates the effective and thorough dispersal and separation of the materials obtained after mixing and separating the fourth and third intermediate mixtures, better preventing material entanglement during the separation process.
[0085] In this embodiment, the process of separating the fourth intermediate mixture and the third intermediate mixture after mixing includes: separating the fourth intermediate mixture and the third intermediate mixture to obtain the first intermediate electrode material; and then crushing and separating the first intermediate electrode material. This facilitates better crushing and dispersing of the first intermediate electrode material, avoids the electrode containing material, and improves the coating of the electrode with materials such as black powder and separator.
[0086] Specifically, the fourth and third intermediate mixtures are mixed and then separated to obtain the first intermediate electrode material, including: primary air classification of the fourth and third intermediate mixtures to obtain a diaphragm mixture and a fifth intermediate mixture, respectively; sieving the diaphragm mixture to obtain the second intermediate electrode material and a diaphragm, and collecting the diaphragm; secondary air classification of the second intermediate electrode material and the fifth intermediate mixture to obtain a sixth and a seventh intermediate mixture, wherein the particles in the seventh intermediate mixture are larger than those in the sixth intermediate mixture; and sieving the sixth intermediate mixture to obtain the first intermediate electrode material. This facilitates better separation, allowing for the gradual separation of different particles and types of materials, thus improving the overall separation efficiency.
[0087] In this embodiment, the sixth intermediate mixture is screened to obtain the first intermediate electrode material, including: electrostatic separation or eddy current separation of the sixth intermediate mixture to obtain the third intermediate electrode material and the diaphragm, and collecting the diaphragm; and magnetic separation of the third intermediate electrode material to remove magnetic substances and obtain the first intermediate electrode material. This facilitates the gradual and multiple separation of the electrode, diaphragm, and black powder, thereby improving the separation effect. Furthermore, magnetic separation prevents magnetic substances from entering the subsequent hammer crusher 118, which would affect the service life of the hammer crusher 118.
[0088] Specifically, the battery recycling method further includes: magnetically separating the seventh intermediate mixture to remove magnetic materials and obtain a copper-aluminum mixture; and sorting the copper-aluminum mixture to obtain copper particles and aluminum particles separately. This facilitates the separate recycling of copper and aluminum particles, making recycling easier.
[0089] In this embodiment, the first intermediate electrode material is crushed and separated by hammer crushing, including: crushing the first intermediate electrode material by hammer crushing, and performing a first-stage separation on the crushed first intermediate electrode material to obtain an eighth intermediate mixture and dust, wherein the particles of the eighth intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the dust; performing a second-stage separation on the eighth intermediate mixture to obtain a third black powder and a ninth intermediate mixture, wherein the particles of the ninth intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the third black powder; grinding and granulating the ninth intermediate mixture, and performing a third-stage separation on the ground and granulated ninth intermediate mixture to obtain a tenth intermediate mixture and a second dust, wherein the particles of the tenth intermediate mixture are larger than the particles of the second dust; and performing a fourth-stage separation on the tenth intermediate mixture to obtain a fourth black powder, a separator, copper particles, and aluminum particles. This multi-stage separation facilitates the gradual separation of the fourth black powder, separator, copper particles, and aluminum particles, ensuring effective separation.
[0090] Specifically, the tenth intermediate mixture undergoes four-stage separation, including: sieving the tenth intermediate mixture to obtain an eleventh intermediate mixture, a twelfth intermediate mixture, and a portion of the fourth black powder, with the particles of the eleventh intermediate mixture being larger than those of the twelfth intermediate mixture; grinding and granulating the eleventh intermediate mixture, followed by a fourth-stage separation; performing a fifth-stage separation on the twelfth intermediate mixture to obtain a portion of the fourth black powder and a thirteenth intermediate mixture, with the particles of the thirteenth intermediate mixture being larger than those of the fourth black powder; and gravity separation of the thirteenth intermediate mixture to obtain a diaphragm, copper particles, and aluminum particles. This method effectively achieves separation and allows for the re-acquisition of a portion of the diaphragm, copper particles, and aluminum particles.
[0091] Specifically, battery recycling methods also include processing gaseous mixtures.
[0092] Specifically, the gaseous mixture can be treated by high-temperature combustion to obtain combustion gases, followed by cooling and alkaline scrubbing to ensure thorough treatment and that the exhaust gases meet emission standards before being emitted. Alternatively, the gaseous mixture can be treated by at least two stages of condensation separation, followed by cooling and alkaline scrubbing of the condensed exhaust gases to ensure thorough treatment and that the exhaust gases meet emission standards before being emitted.
[0093] In this embodiment, the battery recycling method further includes heating the broken battery at a temperature of T, where T ≤ 200°C, to allow the electrolyte in the broken battery to evaporate and form organic waste gas. By ensuring T ≤ 200°C, the electrolyte does not decompose during the heating and evaporation process, thus preventing the formation of fluorides, reducing fluorides generated by high-temperature cracking, and lowering energy consumption. Preferably, 80°C ≤ T ≤ 100°C.
[0094] Specifically, the battery recycling method also includes collecting black powder through negative pressure suction, separating the collected black powder to obtain a first separation product and a second separation product. The particles of the first separation product are larger than those of the second separation product. The first separation product is collected, and the second separation product is sprayed and discharged. This facilitates centralized treatment of the black powder, ensuring that the black powder is decontaminated, and that the qualified exhaust gas is emitted.
[0095] Specifically, the intermediate mixture in this embodiment includes the first intermediate mixture to the thirteenth intermediate mixture. The black powder includes the first black powder to the fourth black powder.
[0096] From the above description, it can be seen that the embodiments of this utility model achieve the following technical effects: by adding hammer crushing and dispersing during the powder removal process, the problem of material coating can be effectively solved; by adding electrostatic separation or gravity separation after air classification, the difficult-to-remove diaphragm can be removed, making subsequent processes smoother. A four-stage condensation method is used for exhaust gas treatment, with a condensation temperature reaching approximately -60℃, completely condensing the other electrolyte in the battery exhaust gas. Alternatively, combustion is carried out in a TO furnace, followed by rapid cooling, bag filter dust collection, primary water washing, secondary and tertiary alkaline washing for defluorination, and then denitrification via a denitrification device to remove nitrogen oxides, finally achieving emission standards.
[0097] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.
[0098] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.
[0099] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this application; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.
[0100] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.
[0101] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore cannot be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application.
[0102] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A battery recycling device, characterized by, The battery recycling device comprises: a crushing device for crushing the batteries; a heating and volatilizing device, an inlet of which is connected to an outlet of the crushing device, for heating and volatilizing the crushed batteries to obtain a gaseous mixture and a solid mixture; a separation device, an inlet of which is connected to an outlet of the heating and volatilizing device, for separating the solid mixture; a dispersing device for dispersing the solid mixture and / or an intermediate mixture obtained by separating the solid mixture.
2. The battery recycling apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The dispersing device comprises: a vibrating disperser for vibrating and dispersing the solid mixture and / or the intermediate mixture obtained by separating the solid mixture; and / or a hammer crusher for impacting and dispersing the solid mixture and / or the intermediate mixture obtained by separating the solid mixture.
3. The battery recycling apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The separation device comprises: a first screening device for screening the solid mixture to obtain first black powder and a first intermediate mixture, the particles of the first intermediate mixture being larger than those of the first black powder; a vibrating disperser for dispersing the first intermediate mixture to obtain a second intermediate mixture and a third intermediate mixture, the particles of the third intermediate mixture being larger than those of the second intermediate mixture.
4. The battery recycling apparatus of claim 3, wherein, The separation device further comprises: a second screening device for screening the second intermediate mixture to obtain second black powder and a fourth intermediate mixture, the particles of the fourth intermediate mixture being larger than those of the second black powder; a first separation assembly for separating the fourth intermediate mixture and the third intermediate mixture after mixing; The battery recycling device further comprises a hammer crusher for dispersing the fourth intermediate mixture and the third intermediate mixture after mixing.
5. The battery recycling apparatus of claim 4, wherein, The first separation assembly comprises: a first-stage air separation device for first-stage air separation of the fourth intermediate mixture and the third intermediate mixture to obtain a diaphragm mixture and a fifth intermediate mixture; a third screening device for screening the diaphragm mixture to obtain a second intermediate electrode mixture and diaphragms, and collecting the diaphragms; a second-stage air separation device for second-stage air separation of the second intermediate electrode mixture and the fifth intermediate mixture to obtain a sixth intermediate mixture and a seventh intermediate mixture, the particles of the seventh intermediate mixture being larger than those of the sixth intermediate mixture; a second separation assembly for screening the sixth intermediate mixture to obtain a first intermediate electrode mixture, and a discharge outlet of the second separation assembly being in communication with a feeding inlet of the hammer crusher, so that the hammer crusher disperses the first intermediate electrode mixture.
6. The battery recycling apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The second separation assembly comprises: The first sorting device and the first magnetic separation device, the first sorting device performs electrostatic separation or eddy current separation on the sixth intermediate mixture to obtain a third intermediate tab material and a separator, the separator is collected; the first magnetic separation device performs magnetic separation on the third intermediate tab material to remove magnetic substances and obtain the first intermediate tab material; and / or, The second magnetic separation device and the second sorting device, the second magnetic separation device performs magnetic separation on the seventh intermediate mixture to remove magnetic substances and obtain a copper-aluminum mixture; The second sorting device sorts the copper-aluminum mixture to obtain copper particles and aluminum particles, respectively.
7. The battery recycling apparatus of claim 4, wherein, The separation device further comprises: A first separation device, which performs first-stage separation on the hammer broken and dispersed first intermediate tab material to obtain an eighth intermediate mixture and dust, the particles of the eighth intermediate mixture being larger than the particles of the dust; A second separation device, which performs second-stage separation on the eighth intermediate mixture to obtain third black dust and a ninth intermediate mixture, respectively, the particles of the ninth intermediate mixture being larger than the particles of the third black dust; A grinding granulator, which grinds and granulates the ninth intermediate mixture; A third separation device, which performs third-stage separation on the ninth intermediate mixture after grinding and granulation to obtain a tenth intermediate mixture and second dust, respectively, the particles of the tenth intermediate mixture being larger than the particles of the second dust; A fourth separation device, which performs fourth-stage separation on the tenth intermediate mixture to obtain fourth black dust, a separator, copper particles and aluminum particles, respectively.
8. The battery recycling device according to claim 7, wherein The first separation device is a cyclone separator; and / or The second separation device is a first screening machine; and / or The third separation device is a cyclone separator; and / or The fourth separation device is a second screening machine.
9. The battery recycling apparatus of claim 7, wherein, The fourth separation device has a first separation port, a second separation port and a third separation port arranged at intervals to obtain an eleventh intermediate mixture, a twelfth intermediate mixture and part of the fourth black dust through the first separation port, the second separation port and the third separation port, respectively, the particles of the eleventh intermediate mixture being larger than the particles of the twelfth intermediate mixture; the battery recycling device further comprises a grinding granulator, which grinds and granulates the eleventh intermediate mixture, and the discharge port of the grinding granulator is in communication with the feed port of the fourth separation device to perform the fourth-stage separation on the eleventh intermediate mixture after grinding and granulation again; The separation device further comprises: A fifth separation device, the feed port of the fifth separation device being in communication with the second separation port to perform fifth-stage separation on the twelfth intermediate mixture to obtain part of the fourth black dust and a thirteenth intermediate mixture, respectively, the particles of the thirteenth intermediate mixture being larger than the particles of the fourth black dust; A specific gravity sorting device, which is in communication with at least part of the fifth separation device to perform specific gravity sorting on the thirteenth intermediate mixture to obtain a separator, copper particles and aluminum particles, respectively.
10. The battery recycling apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The battery recycling device further comprises: The combustion furnace has a feed inlet communicated with the gas outlet of the heating and volatilizing device to introduce the gaseous mixture into the combustion furnace, and the combustion furnace is used to combust the gaseous mixture at high temperature to obtain a combustion gas, and the alkali washing device is used to cool and wash the combustion gas. The condensing device has a feed inlet communicated with the gas outlet of the heating and volatilizing device to introduce the gaseous mixture into the condensing device, and the condensing device is used to condense and separate the gaseous mixture, and the alkali washing device has a feed inlet communicated with the tail gas outlet of the condensing device to wash the tail gas separated by the condensing device.
11. The battery recycling apparatus of claim 9, wherein, The battery recycling device further comprises: A dust removal device, the black powder outlets of the first screening device, the second screening device, the secondary separation device, the fourth separation device and the fifth separation device are all communicated with the feed inlet of the dust removal device, the dust removal device has a first outlet for discharging a first separation product and a second outlet for discharging a second separation product, the particles of the first separation product are larger than the particles of the second separation product; A bin, the inlet of the bin is communicated with the first outlet; A spraying device, the inlet of the spraying device is communicated with the second outlet, and the spraying device is used to spray the second separation product.