Waste gas treatment device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a waste gas treatment device, which relates to the technical field of waste gas recovery, and comprises a pretreatment structure, a catalytic oxidation structure, an adsorption structure and a recovery structure, the filter is used for treating acid gas and metal dust in waste gas; the catalytic oxidation structure is connected with the pretreatment structure, is filled with a catalyst, and is used for adsorbing metal steam in the waste gas and decomposing organic steam; the adsorption structure is connected with the catalytic oxidation structure, and the adsorption structure is filled with activated carbon and used for adsorbing residual heavy metal and organic steam in the waste gas; the recovery structure is connected with the adsorption structure and comprises a separation assembly, and the separation assembly is used for separating organic steam and water vapor in the waste gas so as to recover the organic steam. According to the technical scheme provided by the utility model, the problem that various waste gases cannot be classified and treated by the existing waste gas treatment device is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of waste gas recovery technology, and in particular to a waste gas treatment device. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the new energy industry, perovskite, as an emerging optoelectronic material, has seen increasing attention paid to environmental issues in its production process. The perovskite production process is complex, involving multiple stages, each of which generates waste gases with different compositions, posing potential threats to the environment and human health.

[0003] During the precursor synthesis stage, the decomposition of nitrates releases NOx gas, while the reaction of hydrochloric acid produces HCl gas. If fluorine-containing raw materials are used, HF gas will also be released. Furthermore, the vapors of organic solvents such as DMF and DMSO are also major components of the exhaust gas at this stage. During the annealing and sintering stages, lead vapor (Pb) and nanoscale oxide dust, such as Al2O3 and TiO2, are generated under high-temperature conditions. In the packaging and cutting processes, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including isopropanol and acetone, are released, along with the generation of cutting dust.

[0004] Existing treatment technologies for these complex waste gases have several drawbacks. For example, traditional activated carbon adsorption methods are ineffective against high concentrations of acidic gases, failing to meet treatment requirements. While catalytic combustion technology is effective for some waste gases, it is sensitive to heavy metal vapors such as lead vapors, easily deactivating and affecting treatment efficiency. For solvent-based VOCs, direct incineration can eliminate pollution, but it wastes energy and does not allow for solvent recovery, increasing production costs. Wet scrubbing technology generates lead-containing wastewater during waste gas treatment; this wastewater is difficult to treat and prone to heavy metal leakage, leading to secondary pollution. Utility Model Content

[0005] The main purpose of this invention is to propose a waste gas treatment device that aims to solve the problem that existing waste gas treatment devices cannot classify and treat various types of waste gases.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a waste gas treatment device, which includes:

[0007] The pretreatment structure is connected to the perovskite production unit and receives the waste gas generated during the production process, and is used to treat the acidic gases and metal dust in the waste gas.

[0008] A catalytic oxidation structure is connected to the pretreatment structure. The catalytic oxidation structure is filled with a catalyst and is used to adsorb metal vapors and decompose organic vapors in the waste gas.

[0009] An adsorption structure, connected to the catalytic oxidation structure, wherein the interior of the adsorption structure is filled with activated carbon for adsorbing residual heavy metals and organic vapors in the waste gas; and

[0010] A recovery structure is connected to the adsorption structure, the recovery structure including a separation component for separating organic vapor and water vapor in the waste gas to recover the organic vapor.

[0011] In one embodiment, the preprocessing structure includes:

[0012] An electrostatic precipitator, connected to a perovskite production unit, wherein the electrostatic precipitator has an ionization layer inside to adsorb the metal dust; and

[0013] A spray tower is connected to the electrostatic dust removal assembly. The spray tower is equipped with nozzles for spraying alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution undergoes a neutralization reaction with the acidic gas.

[0014] In one embodiment, the preprocessing structure further includes:

[0015] A supply tank, located outside the spray tower and connected to the spray head, is used to supply alkaline solution to the spray head; and

[0016] A circulating liquid box is located at the bottom of the spray tower to recover the alkaline solution sprayed from the nozzles.

[0017] In one embodiment, the pretreatment structure further includes a water pump, one end of which is connected to the supply tank and the circulating liquid box, and the other end of which is connected to the nozzle.

[0018] In one embodiment, the spray tower is further provided with a demister inside, and the top of the spray tower is provided with an air outlet. The demister is located inside the spray tower and is positioned close to the air outlet.

[0019] In one embodiment, the catalytic oxidation structure includes:

[0020] A shell, with a reaction chamber formed inside, the shell connecting the pretreatment structure and the adsorption structure; and

[0021] A reaction carrier is disposed within the reaction chamber, and the catalyst is embedded on the reaction carrier for adsorbing metal vapors and decomposing organic vapors in the waste gas.

[0022] In one embodiment, the catalytic oxidation structure further includes a heating component disposed on the reaction support for heating the catalyst.

[0023] In one embodiment, the catalyst is La. 0.8 Cu 0.2Mn 0.6 Co 0.4 O3.

[0024] In one embodiment, the reaction support is provided with honeycomb pores, the catalyst is filled in the honeycomb pores, and the surface of the reaction support is coated with a protective layer that avoids the honeycomb pores.

[0025] In one embodiment, the separation component includes a condensation component connected to the adsorption structure for condensing organic vapors and water vapors in the waste gas.

[0026] In one embodiment, the separation assembly further includes a two-stage condensation assembly connected to the first-stage condensation assembly, and the two-stage condensation assembly is provided with a membrane separator that separates the condensed organic solvent and liquid water.

[0027] In one embodiment, the activated carbon is a supported FeS2 nanoparticle.

[0028] This invention's technical solution, by sequentially configuring a pretreatment structure, a catalytic oxidation structure, an adsorption structure, and a recovery structure, enables centralized treatment of waste gases generated in various production processes of perovskite. The pretreatment structure treats acidic gases and metal dust in the waste gas, removing some harmful substances. The catalyst in the catalytic oxidation structure further adsorbs metal vapors and decomposes organic vapors, achieving deep treatment of the waste gas. The activated carbon in the adsorption structure re-adsorbs residual heavy metals and organic vapors, further improving the purification level of the waste gas. The recovery structure recovers organic vapors, reducing pollutants in waste gas emissions and achieving resource recycling. By recovering organic vapors through the recovery structure, organic matter originally emitted as waste gas can be reused, reducing the cost of perovskite production. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the waste gas treatment device provided by this utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 A partial structural schematic diagram of the pretreatment structure in another embodiment of the waste gas treatment device provided by this utility model;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the recovery structure in another embodiment of the waste gas treatment device provided by this utility model.

[0033] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0034] 100. Waste gas treatment device; 1. Pretreatment structure; 11. Electrostatic dust removal assembly; 111. Ionization layer; 112. Pre-filtration layer; 113. Dust collection layer; 12. Spray tower; 121. Spray nozzle; 122. Gas outlet; 13. Liquid supply tank; 14. Circulating liquid box; 15. Water pump; 16. Demisting component; 2. Catalytic oxidation structure; 21. Shell; 22. Reaction carrier; 3. Adsorption structure; 4. Recovery structure; 41. Separation assembly; 411. First-stage condensation assembly; 412. Second-stage condensation assembly; 4121. Membrane separator.

[0035] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of this utility model will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0037] It should be noted that if the embodiments of this utility model involve directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indicators are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of the components in a specific posture. If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly.

[0038] Furthermore, if the embodiments of this utility model involve descriptions such as "first" or "second," these descriptions are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Additionally, the use of "and / or" or "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel solutions. For example, "A and / or B" includes solution A, solution B, or a solution where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this utility model.

[0039] Existing treatment technologies for these complex waste gases have several drawbacks. For example, traditional activated carbon adsorption methods are ineffective against high concentrations of acidic gases, failing to meet treatment requirements. While catalytic combustion technology is effective for some waste gases, it is sensitive to heavy metal vapors such as lead vapors, easily deactivating and affecting treatment efficiency. For solvent-based VOCs, direct incineration can eliminate pollution, but it wastes energy and does not allow for solvent recovery, increasing production costs. Wet scrubbing technology generates lead-containing wastewater during waste gas treatment; this wastewater is difficult to treat and prone to heavy metal leakage, leading to secondary pollution.

[0040] This utility model proposes a waste gas treatment device.

[0041] Please see Figure 1 In one embodiment of this utility model, the waste gas treatment device 100 includes:

[0042] Pretreatment structure 1 is connected to the perovskite production unit and receives the waste gas generated during the production process, and is used to treat the acidic gases and metal dust in the waste gas.

[0043] Catalytic oxidation structure 2 is connected to pretreatment structure 1. The interior of catalytic oxidation structure 2 is filled with catalyst and is used to adsorb metal vapor and decompose organic vapor in waste gas.

[0044] Adsorption structure 3, connected to catalytic oxidation structure 2, is filled with activated carbon to adsorb residual heavy metals and organic vapors in the waste gas; and

[0045] The recovery structure 4 is connected to the adsorption structure 3. The recovery structure 4 includes a separation component 41, which is used to separate organic vapor and water vapor in the waste gas to recover the organic vapor.

[0046] This invention's technical solution, by sequentially configuring a pretreatment structure 1, a catalytic oxidation structure 2, an adsorption structure 3, and a recovery structure 4, enables centralized treatment of waste gases generated in various production processes of perovskite. The pretreatment structure 1 treats acidic gases and metal dust in the waste gas, removing some harmful substances. The catalyst in the catalytic oxidation structure 2 further adsorbs metal vapors and decomposes organic vapors, achieving deep treatment of the waste gas. The activated carbon in the adsorption structure 3 re-adsorbs residual heavy metals and organic vapors, further improving the purification level of the waste gas. The recovery structure 4 recovers organic vapors, reducing pollutants in waste gas emissions and achieving resource recycling. Through the recovery of organic vapors via the recovery structure 4, organic matter originally emitted as waste gas can be reused, reducing the cost of perovskite production.

[0047] Specifically, the pretreatment structure 1 can be a box with multiple layers of filters, the pore sizes of which are arranged from large to small to filter metal dust of different particle sizes. Simultaneously, multiple nozzles 121 can be installed inside the box to spray an alkaline solution to neutralize acidic gases. The catalytic oxidation structure 2 can be a cylindrical container filled with a honeycomb-shaped catalyst carrier, with the catalyst evenly distributed on the carrier. The container has an inlet and an outlet 122 at both ends to ensure that the waste gas can pass evenly through the catalyst layer for catalytic oxidation. The adsorption structure 3 can adopt a similar cylindrical structure with multiple layers of baffles inside, each filled with activated carbon particles. Waste gas enters from one end of the cylinder, and as it passes through the activated carbon layer, the activated carbon adsorbs heavy metals and organic vapors in the waste gas. The purified gas exits from the other end of the cylinder. The recovery mechanism can use a condenser, which first condenses the water vapor and organic vapors based on their different condensation points, and then uses a separation membrane to accurately separate and recover the organic vapors from the waste gas. This not only improves the purity of the recovered organic vapors but also better controls the quality of waste gas emissions. Of course, the recovery mechanism can also be a spiral tube structure with a cooling jacket, where the exhaust gas flows inside the spiral tube and coolant is introduced into the cooling jacket. When the exhaust gas temperature decreases, the organic vapor first condenses into a liquid state. A collection device is installed at the bottom of the spiral tube to collect the condensed organic vapor, while the uncondensed water vapor continues to flow inside the tube and can be further treated or discharged as needed.

[0048] The specific working process is as follows: The waste gas first enters the pretreatment structure 1 from the perovskite production unit. Here, acidic gases (such as hydrochloric acid or hydrofluoric acid) are neutralized and removed by the alkaline substances in the pretreatment structure 1, while metal dust (such as nano-sized oxide dust, Al2O3, TiO2) is intercepted through physical filtration. The pretreated waste gas then enters the catalytic oxidation structure 2. When treating the waste gas generated during perovskite production, a supported perovskite catalyst is used. Under the action of the catalyst, metal vapors (such as lead vapors) are adsorbed onto the catalyst surface, and organic vapors (such as isopropanol, acetone, and volatile organic compounds) undergo oxidative decomposition reactions, transforming into harmless substances or substances that are easier to treat (such as carbon dioxide or water vapor). The waste gas exiting the catalytic oxidation structure 2 enters the adsorption structure 3, where activated carbon, with its porous structure, adsorbs residual heavy metals and organic vapors, further purifying the waste gas. Finally, the exhaust gas enters the recovery structure 4, where the separation component 41 first condenses the water vapor and organic vapor, and then uses the differences in physical properties such as osmotic pressure of different substances to separate the organic solvent and liquid water obtained after condensation, thereby recovering the organic solvent.

[0049] In the embodiments of this utility model, please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The preprocessing structure 1 includes:

[0050] An electrostatic precipitator 11 is connected to the perovskite production unit. The electrostatic precipitator 11 has an ionization layer 111 inside to adsorb metal dust.

[0051] The spray tower 12 is connected to the electrostatic dust removal assembly 11. The spray tower 12 is equipped with a nozzle 121 for spraying alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution undergoes a neutralization reaction with the acidic gas.

[0052] Specifically, the electrostatic precipitator 11 can adopt a metal shell structure 21, and multiple parallel electrode plates can be arranged inside the electrostatic precipitator 11. When the exhaust gas flows through the gaps between the electrode plates, the metal dust is adsorbed onto the electrode plates under the action of the electric field generated by the ionization layer 111. The electrode plates can be cleaned or replaced regularly to ensure the dust removal effect. The spray tower 12 can be a vertical cylindrical tower structure, with multiple spray nozzles 121 inside the tower. The spray nozzles 121 are evenly distributed on the cross-section of the tower to ensure that the alkaline solution can be sprayed comprehensively into the exhaust gas. It should be noted that an air inlet is provided at the bottom of the tower. The exhaust gas enters the interior of the tower from the bottom air inlet. During the rise, the exhaust gas comes into full contact with the alkaline solution and undergoes a neutralization reaction. The purified exhaust gas is discharged from the top of the tower. The spray tower 12 sprays alkaline solution through the spray nozzles 121 to neutralize acidic gases, which can specifically treat acidic gases in the exhaust gas. This acid-base neutralization reaction is rapid and thorough, ensuring that acidic gases are effectively removed.

[0053] It should be noted that a pre-filter layer 112 and a dust collection layer 113 may also be provided inside the electrostatic dust removal assembly 11. The pre-filter layer 112 can be made of non-woven fabric or metal mesh and is installed in the frame on the side of the air inlet. It can physically intercept large particles (such as dust, hair, and fibers) in the exhaust gas. The dust collection layer 113 can be made of metal plates or other conductive materials with an electrode plate carrying a charge opposite to that of the ionized dust, thereby attracting and collecting residual gas dust. The ionization layer 111 is located between the pre-filter layer 112 and the dust collection layer 113 and consists of a series of electrodes. The electrodes are kept at a certain distance from each other. An ionization field is generated by applying a high voltage, which charges the passing metal dust.

[0054] In the embodiments of this utility model, please refer to Figure 2 The preprocessing structure 1 also includes:

[0055] A supply tank 13, located outside the spray tower 12 and connected to the spray head 121, is used to supply alkaline solution to the spray head 121; and

[0056] A circulating liquid box 14 is located at the bottom of the spray tower 12 to recover the alkaline solution sprayed by the nozzles 121.

[0057] Specifically, the supply tank 13 can be a cylindrical tank with an inlet for replenishing alkali solution and an outlet connected to the spray head 121 via a pipe. A flow control valve is installed on the connecting pipe to ensure a stable supply of alkali solution. It should be noted that a level gauge can also be installed on the tank to monitor changes in the internal liquid level in real time, allowing for timely replenishment of alkali solution. Optionally, a pH meter can also be installed on the tank, extending into the interior to monitor the pH of the alkali solution in real time, reminding the user to replace the alkali solution when the pH value is detected to be below 7. The circulating liquid box 14 can be a box-shaped structure matching the bottom shape of the spray tower 12, and its bottom can be sloped to facilitate the collection of alkali solution. The alkali solution recovered in the circulating liquid box 14 can be transported back to the spray head 121 using external pressure equipment for recycling.

[0058] In the embodiments of this utility model, please refer to Figure 2The pretreatment structure 1 also includes a water pump 15. One end of the water pump 15 is connected to the supply tank 13 and the circulating liquid box 14, and the other end is connected to the spray nozzle 121. The water pump 15 can be a corrosion-resistant centrifugal pump with an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is connected to the supply tank 13 and the circulating liquid box 14 via pipes, and the outlet is connected to the spray nozzle 121 via a pipe. An impeller is installed inside the pump body. A motor drives the impeller to rotate, generating centrifugal force to transport the alkaline solution from the inlet to the outlet. The addition of the water pump 15 makes the flow of alkaline solution between the supply tank 13, the circulating liquid box 14, and the spray nozzle 121 more precise and controllable, ensuring a precise supply of alkaline solution within the spray tower 12, thereby more efficiently neutralizing the acidic gases in the waste gas.

[0059] In the embodiments of this utility model, please refer to Figure 2 The spray tower 12 is also equipped with a demister 16 inside. The top of the spray tower 12 has an outlet 122. The demister 16 is located inside the spray tower 12 and is positioned close to the outlet 122. The demister 16 can be a wire mesh demister, consisting of a wire mesh layer and a supporting structure. The wire mesh layer is typically made of stainless steel wire mesh and has fine mesh openings. The supporting structure is used to fix the wire mesh layer, maintaining its shape and tension. Because the demister 16 is positioned close to the outlet 122, the acidic gas neutralized by the alkali solution will undergo demisting treatment before exiting the spray tower 12 through the outlet 122.

[0060] Specifically, when gas containing mist droplets passes through a wire mesh demister, the droplets collide with the wire mesh surface due to inertia, are captured by the mesh, and coalesce into larger droplets. Then, under the influence of gravity, they slide off the mesh. In actual operation, users can select the number of mesh layers as needed. The general principle is that the smaller the mesh size, the more layers, and the greater the thickness, the better the demisting effect.

[0061] In the embodiments of this utility model, please refer to Figure 1 The catalytic oxidation structure 2 includes:

[0062] The outer shell 21 forms a reaction chamber inside, and the outer shell 21 connects the pretreatment structure 1 and the adsorption structure 3; and

[0063] The reaction carrier 22 is disposed in the reaction chamber and a catalyst is embedded on the reaction carrier 22 for adsorbing metal vapor and decomposing organic vapor in the waste gas.

[0064] Specifically, the outer shell 21 can be a cylindrical metal shell, with inlets and outlets at both ends. One end is connected to the outlet 122 of the spray tower 12, and the other end is connected to the inlet of the adsorption structure 3. The reaction carrier 22 can be a porous ceramic structure, which has the characteristics of high temperature resistance and good chemical stability. The porous structure provides a large specific surface area, allowing the catalyst to be uniformly embedded in the pore walls of the porous structure. When the waste gas passes through the porous structure, it can fully contact the catalyst, improving the efficiency of the catalytic reaction. In this embodiment, the type of catalyst is not specifically limited; it can be selected according to the various components contained in the waste gas.

[0065] In an embodiment of this invention, the catalytic oxidation structure 2 further includes a heating component disposed on the reaction carrier 22 for heating the catalyst. The heating component can be an electric heating wire. The electric heating wire is wound around the reaction carrier 22 and powered by an external power source. The current of the electric heating wire can be controlled as needed to adjust the heating temperature. Alternatively, a heating rod can be used, inserted into specific channels inside the reaction carrier 22 to uniformly heat the reaction carrier 22. In this way, the heating component can heat the catalyst on the reaction carrier 22 to 250-400°C, thereby converting VOCs (volatile organic compounds) into carbon dioxide or water, and simultaneously adsorbing lead vapor in the process.

[0066] In an embodiment of this invention, the catalyst is La. 0.8 Cu 0.2 Mn 0.6 Co 0.4 In this supported perovskite catalyst, multiple sites can function independently. For example, the La / Cu sites catalytically oxidize VOCs, converting them into harmless substances like carbon dioxide and water, effectively reducing VOC content in exhaust gas. The Mn / Co sites fix Pb vapor through sulfide coordination, forming a stable PbS deposition layer. This effectively removes Pb vapor from exhaust gas, preventing the spread of Pb pollution. Therefore, this catalyst can simultaneously treat VOCs and Pb-containing pollutants in exhaust gas, improving treatment efficiency and reducing costs.

[0067] In an embodiment of this invention, the reaction support 22 is provided with honeycomb pores, the catalyst is filled within the honeycomb pores, and the surface of the reaction support 22 is coated with a protective layer that avoids the honeycomb pores. The honeycomb pore structure on the reaction support 22, with the pores being hexagonal in shape, increases the specific surface area. This size of honeycomb pore ensures sufficient filling space for the catalyst while allowing for smooth flow of exhaust gas. The protective layer can be CeO2, which prevents sulfides or acidic gases from corroding the support and catalyst, maintaining the structural integrity and activity of the catalyst. This allows the catalyst to operate stably for a long time in harsh exhaust gas environments (which may contain sulfides and acidic gases), reducing the risk of catalyst deactivation and extending the catalyst's service life.

[0068] In the embodiments of this utility model, please refer to Figure 3 The separation component 41 includes a condensation component 411, which is connected to the adsorption structure 3 and is used to condense organic vapors and water vapors in the waste gas. The condensation component 411 can be a shell-and-tube condenser structure, consisting of an outer shell 21 and an internal tube bundle. The outer shell 21 is a cylindrical metal shell with inlets and outlets for the waste gas to enter and exit. The internal tube bundle is made of copper or stainless steel, and a cooling medium (such as chilled water or refrigerant) flows inside the tube bundle. The waste gas flows outside the tube bundle, and when the cooling medium flows inside the tube bundle, the temperature of the waste gas decreases through heat exchange, causing the organic vapors to condense into liquid and flow down the tube wall. A collection tank is provided at the bottom of the condenser to collect the condensed organic vapors, while the uncondensed water vapors and other gases are discharged from the outlet and enter the subsequent adsorption structure 3.

[0069] In the embodiments of this utility model, please refer to Figure 3The separation assembly 41 also includes a second-stage condensation assembly 412, which is connected to the first-stage condensation assembly 411. The second-stage condensation assembly 412 contains a membrane separator 4121, which separates the condensed organic solvent and liquid water. The second-stage condensation assembly 412 can be a shell-and-tube structure, with a metal outer shell 21 and internal pipes for cooling medium circulation. The membrane separator 4121 is also installed inside this structure. The membrane separator 4121 can be a hollow fiber membrane module, composed of many hollow fiber membranes. These hollow fiber membranes have specific pore sizes and selective permeation properties. For example, for organic solvents and liquid water, the membrane material can be a polymer material such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). When the mixture flows through the hollow fiber membrane, organic solvent molecules or water molecules permeate through the membrane wall according to the membrane's selectivity, thereby achieving the separation of organic solvents and liquid water. Two different collection containers are provided at the bottom of the second-stage condensation assembly 412 for collecting the separated organic solvent and liquid water, respectively. In this way, the membrane separator 4121 in the two-stage condensation assembly 412 can separate the condensed organic solvent and liquid water, which makes the organic solvent more accurately recovered and improves the purity and efficiency of resource recovery.

[0070] In this embodiment of the invention, the activated carbon uses supported FeS2 nanoparticles. The activated carbon itself has a porous structure, providing a large specific surface area. Heavy metal atoms and organic molecules in the waste gas are first physically adsorbed onto the pore surface of the activated carbon. The FeS2 nanoparticles on the activated carbon form stable compounds with certain heavy metal ions (such as mercury ions) in the waste gas through chemical bonding. For example, sulfide ions in FeS2 may react with mercury ions to form mercury sulfide precipitate, thereby fixing the heavy metals onto the adsorption material. FeS2 nanoparticles can also participate in redox reactions. For some organic pollutants in the waste gas, FeS2 can generate free radicals under certain conditions. These free radicals have strong oxidizing properties and can oxidize and decompose organic pollutants into smaller molecules, further improving the removal efficiency of organic matter. After using supported FeS2 nanoparticles, the activated carbon achieves synergistic removal of heavy metals and organic matter through a triple mechanism of physical adsorption, chemical bonding, and redox reactions. This synergistic effect breaks through the limitations of traditional adsorption materials that can only remove heavy metals or organic matter, and can more comprehensively and effectively remove multiple pollutants in exhaust gas, greatly improving the efficiency and quality of exhaust gas purification.

[0071] The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present utility model and does not limit the patent scope of the present utility model. Any equivalent structural transformations made based on the technical concept of the present utility model and the contents of the present utility model specification and drawings, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the patent protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An exhaust gas treatment device, characterized by, The waste gas treatment device comprises: a pretreatment structure connected with the perovskite production device and receiving the waste gas generated in the production process, for treating the acid gas and metal dust in the waste gas; a catalytic oxidation structure connected with the pretreatment structure, the catalytic oxidation structure being internally filled with a catalyst and used for adsorbing the metal vapor and decomposing the organic vapor in the waste gas; an adsorption structure connected with the catalytic oxidation structure, the adsorption structure being internally filled with activated carbon and used for adsorbing the residual heavy metal and organic vapor in the waste gas; and a recovery structure connected with the adsorption structure, the recovery structure comprising a separation assembly for separating the organic vapor and water vapor in the waste gas to recover the organic vapor.

2. The exhaust gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein, The pretreatment structure comprises: an electrostatic precipitation assembly connected with the perovskite production device, the electrostatic precipitation assembly being internally provided with an ionization layer to adsorb the metal dust; and a spray tower connected with the electrostatic precipitation assembly, the spray tower being internally provided with a spray head for spraying alkali liquor, and the alkali liquor being used for neutralization reaction with the acid gas.

3. The exhaust gas treatment device of claim 2, wherein, The pretreatment structure further comprises: a liquid supply barrel arranged outside the spray tower and in communication with the spray head, for supplying the alkali liquor to the spray head; and a circulating liquid box arranged at the bottom of the spray tower to recover the alkali liquor sprayed by the spray head.

4. The exhaust gas treatment device of claim 3, wherein, The pretreatment structure further comprises a water pump, one end of the water pump being in communication with the liquid supply barrel and the circulating liquid box, and the other end of the water pump being in communication with the spray head; and / or the inside of the spray tower is further provided with a demisting member, and the top of the spray tower is provided with an air outlet, the demisting member being arranged inside the spray tower and close to the air outlet.

5. The exhaust gas treatment device of claim 1, wherein, The catalytic oxidation structure comprises: a shell forming a reaction cavity inside, the shell being connected with the pretreatment structure and the adsorption structure; and a reaction carrier arranged in the reaction cavity and embedded with the catalyst, for adsorbing the metal vapor and decomposing the organic vapor in the waste gas.

6. The exhaust gas treatment device of claim 5, wherein, The catalytic oxidation structure further comprises a heating assembly arranged on the reaction carrier to heat the catalyst.

7. The exhaust gas treatment device of claim 5, wherein, The catalyst is La 0.8 Cu 0.2 Mn 0.6 Co 0.4 O3; and / or, The reaction carrier is provided with honeycomb holes, the catalyst being filled in the honeycomb holes, and the surface of the reaction carrier being coated with a protective layer avoiding the honeycomb holes.

8. The exhaust treatment device of claim 1, wherein, The separation assembly comprises a first condensation assembly connected with the adsorption structure, for condensing the organic vapor and water vapor in the waste gas.

9. The exhaust gas treatment device of claim 8, wherein, The separation assembly further comprises a second condensation assembly connected with the first condensation assembly and provided with a membrane separation member to separate the condensed organic solvent and liquid water.

10. The exhaust treatment device of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, The activated carbon uses loaded FeS2 nanoparticles.

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