Hydraulic automatic hooking device based on tractor

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hydraulic automatic hitching device based on a tractor, which comprises a traction hook opening and closing mechanism, a lifting guide mechanism, a traction ring supporting mechanism, a hydraulic control system and a monitoring system, and is characterized in that the traction hook opening and closing mechanism consists of an opening and closing hydraulic cylinder, an opening and closing fixing seat, a rocker arm, a connecting pin, an opening and closing fixing pin, a rocker arm pin and a nut; the driving device is used for driving the towing hook locking device to open and close; the lifting guide mechanism is composed of a supporting shovel, a supporting shovel right fixing base, a supporting shovel left fixing base, a lifting hydraulic cylinder, a lifting hydraulic cylinder fixing base, a plurality of bolts, a right reinforcing rib, a left reinforcing rib, a shovel-cylinder connecting pin, a supporting shovel right connecting pin, a supporting shovel left connecting pin, a lifting hydraulic cylinder connecting pin, a right limiting belt and a left limiting belt. The trailer hitching device has the advantages that extra manpower is not needed when the trailer is hitched, the trailer can be hitched conveniently, rapidly and efficiently by a tractor in a cab, and the purposes of effectively saving resources and improving operation efficiency are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of hydraulic automatic coupling device based on tractor, specifically to a hydraulic automatic coupling device based on tractor. Background Technology

[0002] Using a tractor to tow a trailer is a common transportation method. However, in practice, it usually requires personnel outside the vehicle to assist the driver in completing the coupling operation. Trailers are generally quite heavy, requiring multiple people to work together to complete the coupling, which often fails on the first attempt, necessitating repeated adjustments. This makes manual coupling labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly. Therefore, to effectively solve these problems, it is necessary to develop an automatic and rapid coupling and uncoupling device based on a tractor to tow trailers, achieving autonomous visibility, rapid operation, resource conservation, and convenience and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a hydraulic automatic coupling device based on a tractor unit to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0005] This utility model discloses a hydraulic automatic coupling device based on a tractor vehicle, comprising a tow hook opening and closing mechanism, a lifting and guiding mechanism, a tow ring support mechanism, a hydraulic control system, and a monitoring system, characterized in that:

[0006] The traction hook opening and closing mechanism consists of an opening and closing hydraulic cylinder, an opening and closing fixed seat, a rocker arm, a connecting pin, an opening and closing fixed pin, a rocker arm pin, and a nut, and is used to drive the opening and closing of the traction hook locking device;

[0007] The lifting and guiding mechanism consists of a shovel, a right fixed seat for the shovel, a left fixed seat for the shovel, a lifting hydraulic cylinder, a lifting hydraulic cylinder fixed seat, and several bolts, a right reinforcing rib, a left reinforcing rib, a shovel-cylinder connecting pin, a right connecting pin for the shovel, a left connecting pin for the shovel, a lifting hydraulic cylinder connecting pin, a right limiting band, and a left limiting band. It is used to guide the trailer's towing ring into the towing hook of the tractor.

[0008] The traction ring support mechanism consists of a guide wheel, a guide wheel fixing seat, an upper buckle plate, a wheel axle, and several bolts and nuts, and is used to support the traction ring of the trailer so that it can move relative to the shovel at a certain height.

[0009] The hydraulic control system consists of oil cylinders, filters, hydraulic pumps, pressure gauges, check valves, lifting directional valves, pressure reducing valves, opening and closing directional valves, hydraulically controlled two-way lock valves, and relief valves, as well as oil pipes, connectors, and other accessories. Its functions are: first, to control the lifting hydraulic cylinder to lift the trailer's traction ring into the tractor's hook; and second, to control the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder to open and close the hook locking device.

[0010] The monitoring system consists of accessories such as cameras, displays, data cables, and power cords. It is used by the driver or operator in the cab to directly observe the trailer position, monitor the tractor lifting operation, and the opening, closing, and locking of the tow hook.

[0011] As an improvement, one end of the opening and closing fixing seat is fixed to the upper end of the middle section of the tail beam, and the other end has double ear rings that protrude from the tail beam; the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder is a double-acting single-piston rod hydraulic cylinder, with a rotatable opening and closing connecting rod at the tail and a telescopic opening and closing piston rod at the head; the opening and closing connecting rod is connected to the double ear rings of the opening and closing fixing seat through an opening and closing fixing pin and can rotate around the opening and closing fixing pin; the rocker arm is a large-opening "V" shaped component that passes through a connecting pin and can rotate around it; the round hole at one end of the rocker arm is connected to the ear ring at the head of the opening and closing piston rod of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder through a rocker arm pin, and the other end is connected to the locking hook by welding or a movable pin.

[0012] As an improvement, the right fixing seat of the shovel has the same structure as the left fixing seat of the shovel and serves as two parts of the shovel fixing seat. One end is fixed to the tail beam by several bolts, and the other end has a left earring and a right earring with an earring structure. The shovel is an integral structure, with the rear section consisting of left and right arms, a left arm and a right arm. The upper surface of the shovel has two left and right symmetrical left and right limiting bands forming a trumpet shape, and the lower surface has two left and right symmetrical left and right reinforcing ribs. The tail end of the left arm of the shovel has a left ring with a double earring structure, and the tail end of the right arm has a right ring with a double earring structure. The left ring is connected to the left lug of the left fixed seat of the shovel via the left connecting pin of the shovel, and the right ring is connected to the right lug of the right fixed seat of the shovel via the right connecting pin of the shovel. One end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder fixed seat is fixed to the bottom of the middle section of the tail beam, and the other end extends out as a double lug. The lifting hydraulic cylinder is a single-acting single-piston rod hydraulic cylinder with a rotatable connecting rod at the tail and a telescopic piston rod at the head. The connecting rod is connected to the double lug of the lifting hydraulic cylinder fixed seat via the lifting hydraulic cylinder connecting pin and can rotate around the lifting hydraulic cylinder connecting pin. The piston rod is connected to the shovel via the shovel cylinder connecting pin.

[0013] As an improvement, the guide wheel mounting base is fastened to the upper buckle plate on the trailer's traction ring and fixed to the traction ring by several bolts and nuts; the wheel axle connects the guide wheel to the guide wheel mounting base, and the guide wheel can rotate around the wheel axle.

[0014] As an improvement, the cylinder is used to store hydraulic oil, the filter is used to filter the hydraulic oil and keep it clean, the hydraulic pump provides power hydraulic oil to the hydraulic system, the pressure gauge is used to check the pressure of the hydraulic oil output by the hydraulic pump, and the check valve can prevent the hydraulic oil from flowing back and impacting the hydraulic pump when there is a reverse pressure difference; the lifting directional valve is a handle-type O-type three-position four-way automatic reset valve, with oil supply in the left position, oil discharge in the right position, and oil cut-off in the middle position; the pressure reducing valve is a fixed-value output pressure reducing valve, connected in series between the hydraulic pump and the opening and closing directional valve, to reduce the oil pressure output by the hydraulic pump to be suitable for driving and controlling the operation of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder, because the working pressure of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder is lower than that of the lifting hydraulic cylinder; The directional control valve is a handle-type H-type three-position four-way automatic reset valve. The left, middle, and right positions respectively open, lock, and close the towing hook locking device. A hydraulically controlled bidirectional locking valve forms a locking circuit. When the towing hook locking device is opened, it locks the hydraulic cylinder circuit to prevent the towing hook locking device from falling down on its own. When the towing hook locking device is closed, it locks the hydraulic cylinder circuit to prevent accidental opening of the towing hook locking device, which could cause the towing ring to detach from the towing hook of the tractor. The relief valves are connected in parallel in the hydraulic circuit for overload protection, preventing malfunctions and damage to the hydraulic system due to abnormally high pressure, thus ensuring the safe operation of the hydraulic system. The lifting directional control valve and the directional control valve are installed in the cab and operated by the driver or operator. Manual valves are used here, but solenoid valves can also be used depending on actual needs and application conditions.

[0015] As an improvement, the camera is a wide-angle camera, installed above the middle section of the tail beam, near the upper section of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder, with the lens slightly angled downwards. Its field of view can cover a certain range of the rear of the vehicle, which can meet the needs of operation. The display screen is mounted on the cab control panel and connected to the camera via a data connection cable to meet the viewing needs of the driver and passenger seats. The display screen is powered by DC and is connected to the circuit in the cab control panel or to the battery via a power cable.

[0016] The advantages of this utility model compared with the prior art are as follows: This hydraulic automatic coupling device based on a tractor has the advantages of autonomous visibility, hydraulic unlocking, simple structure, and easy operation. No additional manpower is required when coupling a trailer. The tractor can achieve convenient, fast, and efficient coupling operation of the trailer from the cab, thereby effectively saving resources and improving work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings listed below are only some structural schematic diagrams of this utility model, and not all of them.

[0018] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the opening and closing mechanism of the traction hook of this utility model.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the lifting and guiding mechanism of this utility model.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of the traction ring support mechanism of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the hydraulic control system of this utility model.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the monitoring system of this utility model.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the camera installation in the surveillance system of this utility model.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hydraulic automatic coupling device based on a tractor vehicle according to this utility model.

[0025] Figure label:

[0026] 1. Opening / closing hydraulic cylinder; 110. Opening / closing connecting rod; 120. Opening / closing piston rod; 13. Earring; 2. Opening / closing fixing seat; 210. Double earring; 3. Rocker arm; 4. Connecting pin; 5. Opening / closing fixing pin; 6. Rocker arm pin; 7. Nut; 8. Shovel support; 81. Right arm of shovel support; 82. Left arm of shovel support; 84. Left ring; 85. Right ring; 91. Right fixing seat of shovel support; 92. Left earring; 93. Right earring; 94. Lifting hydraulic cylinder; 10. Connecting rod; 101. Piston rod; 102. Lifting hydraulic cylinder fixing seat; 11. Double earring; 111. Bolt; 12. Right reinforcing rib; 131. Left reinforcing rib; 132. Shovel-cylinder connecting pin; 14. Right connecting pin of shovel support; 151. Left connecting pin of shovel support; 15. 2; Lifting hydraulic cylinder connecting pin 16; Right limit band 171; Left limit band 172; Traction ring 18; Guide wheel 19; Guide wheel fixing seat 20; Upper buckle plate 21; Wheel axle 22; Bolt 23; Nut 24; Oil cylinder 25; Filter 26; Hydraulic pump 27; Pressure gauge 28; Check valve 29; Lifting reversing valve 30; Pressure reducing valve 31; Opening and closing reversing valve 32; Hydraulic control two-way locking valve 33; Overflow valve 1 34; Overflow valve 2 35; Overflow valve 3 36; Overflow valve 4 37; Traction hook 38; Closing traction hook locking device 39; Camera 40; Display screen 41; Tail beam 42; Locking hook 43; Data connection cable 44; Power cable 45. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0028] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, it should be noted that if terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" appear, the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship that the utility model product is usually placed in during use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0029] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used only for distinguishing descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance. The use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "suspended" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical," not that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, the terms "multiple" or "several" refer to at least two.

[0031] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] This embodiment is combined with the appendix Figures 1 to 7 This paper provides a detailed description of a hydraulic automatic coupling device based on a tractor.

[0033] This embodiment discloses a hydraulic automatic coupling device based on a tractor unit, comprising a tow hook opening and closing mechanism, a lifting and guiding mechanism, a tow ring support mechanism, a hydraulic control system, and a monitoring system, characterized in that:

[0034] The traction hook opening and closing mechanism consists of an opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 1, an opening and closing fixed seat 2, a rocker arm 3, a connecting pin 4, an opening and closing fixed pin 5, a rocker arm pin 6, and a nut 7, and is used to drive the opening and closing of the traction hook locking device.

[0035] The lifting and guiding mechanism consists of a shovel 8, a right fixed seat 91 for the shovel, a left fixed seat 92 for the shovel, a lifting hydraulic cylinder 10, a lifting hydraulic cylinder fixed seat 11, and several bolts 12, a right reinforcing rib 131, a left reinforcing rib 132, a shovel-cylinder connecting pin 14, a right connecting pin 151 for the shovel, a left connecting pin 152 for the shovel, a lifting hydraulic cylinder connecting pin 16, a right limiting band 171, and a left limiting band 172. It is used to guide the trailer's towing ring 18 into the towing hook of the tractor.

[0036] The traction ring support mechanism consists of a guide wheel 19, a guide wheel fixing seat 20, an upper buckle plate 21, a wheel axle 22, and several bolts 23 and several nuts 24, which are used to support the traction ring 18 of the trailer so that it can move relative to the shovel 8 at a certain height.

[0037] The hydraulic control system consists of a cylinder 25, a filter 26, a hydraulic pump 27, a pressure gauge 28, a check valve 29, a lifting directional valve 30, a pressure reducing valve 31, an opening and closing directional valve 32, a hydraulically controlled two-way locking valve 33, and relief valves 34, 35, 36, and 37, as well as oil pipes, connectors, and other accessories. Its functions are: first, to control the lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 to lift the trailer's traction ring 18 into the traction hook 38 of the tractor; and second, to control the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 1 to open and close the traction hook locking device 39.

[0038] The monitoring system consists of accessories such as camera 40, display screen 41, data connection cable 44, and power cord 45. It is used by the driver or operator in the cab to directly observe the trailer position, monitor the lifting operation of the tractor and the opening, closing and locking of the towing hook.

[0039] One end of the opening and closing fixing seat 2 is fixed to the upper end of the middle section of the tail beam 42, and the other end, the double ear ring 210, is suspended on the tail beam 42; the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 1 is a double-acting single piston rod hydraulic cylinder, with a rotatable opening and closing connecting rod 110 at the tail and a telescopic opening and closing piston rod 120 at the head; the opening and closing connecting rod 110 is connected to the double ear ring 210 of the opening and closing fixing seat 2 through the opening and closing fixing pin 5, and can rotate around the opening and closing fixing pin 5; the rocker arm 3 is a large-opening "V" shaped component, which is threaded through the connecting pin 4 and can rotate around it; the round hole at one end of the rocker arm 3 is connected to the ear ring 13 at the head of the opening and closing piston rod 120 of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 1 through the rocker arm pin 6, and the other end is connected to the locking hook 43 by welding or a movable pin.

[0040] The right fixing seat 91 of the shovel has the same structure as the left fixing seat 92 of the shovel and serves as two parts of the shovel fixing seat. One end is fixed to the tail beam 42 by several bolts 12, and the other end has a left earring 93 and a right earring 94 with an earring structure. The shovel 8 is an integral structure, with the rear section consisting of left and right arms, a left arm 82 and a right arm 81. The upper surface of the shovel 8 has two symmetrical left limiting bands 172 and a right limiting band 171 forming a trumpet shape, and the lower surface has two symmetrical left reinforcing ribs 132 and a right reinforcing rib 131. The tail end of the left arm 82 of the shovel has a left circular ring 84 with a double earring structure, and the tail end of the right arm 81 of the shovel has a right circular ring 85 with a double earring structure. The left ring 84 is connected to the tail beam 42 by a bolt 92. The left connecting pin 152 of the shovel is connected to the left ear ring 93 of the left fixed seat 92 of the shovel support, and the right ring 85 is connected to the right ear ring 94 of the right fixed seat 91 of the shovel support via the right connecting pin 151 of the shovel support; one end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder fixed seat 11 is fixed to the bottom end of the middle section of the tail beam 42, and the other end extends out as a double ear ring 111; the lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 is a single-acting single-piston rod hydraulic cylinder, with a rotatable connecting rod 101 at the tail and a telescopic piston rod 102 at the head; the connecting rod 101 is connected to the double ear ring 111 of the lifting hydraulic cylinder fixed seat 11 via the lifting hydraulic cylinder connecting pin 16, and can rotate around the lifting hydraulic cylinder connecting pin 16; the piston rod 102 is connected to the shovel support 8 via the shovel-cylinder connecting pin 14.

[0041] The guide wheel fixing seat 20 and the upper buckle plate 21 are fastened to the trailer's traction ring 18 and fixed to the traction ring 18 by several bolts 23 and several nuts 24; the wheel axle 22 connects the guide wheel 19 to the guide wheel fixing seat 20, and the guide wheel 19 can rotate around the wheel axle 22.

[0042] The hydraulic cylinder 25 stores hydraulic oil, the filter 26 filters the hydraulic oil and keeps it clean, the hydraulic pump 27 provides power hydraulic oil to the hydraulic system, the pressure gauge 28 is used to check the pressure of the hydraulic oil output by the hydraulic pump 27, and the check valve 29 prevents the hydraulic oil from flowing back and impacting the hydraulic pump 27 when there is a reverse pressure difference; the lifting directional valve 30 is a handle-type O-type three-position four-way automatic reset valve, with oil supply in the left position, oil discharge in the right position, and oil cut-off in the middle position; the pressure reducing valve 31 is a fixed-value output pressure reducing valve, connected in series between the hydraulic pump 27 and the opening / closing directional valve 32, reducing the oil pressure output by the hydraulic pump 27 to suit the driving and control of the opening / closing hydraulic cylinder 1, because the working pressure of the opening / closing hydraulic cylinder 1 is lower than that of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 10; opening / closing The directional control valve 32 is a handle-type H-type three-position four-way automatic reset valve. The left, middle, and right positions respectively open, lock, and close the towing hook locking device 39. The hydraulically controlled two-way locking valve 33 forms a locking circuit. When the towing hook locking device 39 is opened, it locks the oil circuit of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 1 to prevent the towing hook locking device 39 from falling down on its own. When the towing hook locking device is closed, it locks the oil circuit of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 1 to prevent the towing hook locking device 39 from accidentally opening and causing the towing ring 18 to be thrown off the towing hook of the tractor. The overflow valves 34, 35, 36, and 37 are connected in parallel in the hydraulic circuit for overload protection, preventing the hydraulic system from malfunctioning or being damaged due to abnormal high pressure, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the hydraulic system. The lifting directional control valve 30 and the opening and closing directional control valve 32 are installed in the cab and operated by the driver or operator. Manual valves are used here, but solenoid valves can also be used depending on actual needs and application conditions.

[0043] The camera 40 is a wide-angle camera, installed above the middle section of the tail beam 42, near the upper section of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 1, with the lens slightly angled downwards. Its field of view can cover a certain range of the rear of the vehicle, which can meet the needs of operation. The display screen 41 is mounted on the cab control panel and connected to the camera 40 through the data connection cable 44, which meets the viewing needs of the driver and passenger seats. The display screen 41 is powered by DC and is connected to the circuit in the cab control panel or to the battery through the power cable 45.

[0044] In practical implementation, the working principle and process of this utility model will be explained by taking the tractor-trailer coupling as an example.

[0045] Before engaging the trailer, it is assumed that both the tractor and trailer are on sufficiently flat and open ground, and the trailer's drawbar is raised. Furthermore, the tractor has been positioned appropriately in front of the trailer, ensuring the tractor's tow hook is aligned with the trailer's tow ring. The engagement process is as follows:

[0046] Step 1: Park the vehicle and turn on display screen 41 to check the splicing operation status at any time;

[0047] Step 2: Turn on the hydraulic pump 27 and confirm that it is working properly.

[0048] Step 3: Operate the opening and closing reversing valve 32 to the right position. The opening and closing piston rod 120 of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 1 extends and pushes the rocker arm 3 to rotate clockwise around the connecting pin 4. The other end of the rocker arm 3 drives the locking hook 43 to rise, and the traction hook locking device 39 is fully opened. Release the opening and closing reversing valve 32 to return it to the middle position. At this time, the hydraulic control two-way locking valve 33 locks the oil circuit of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 1, and the traction hook locking device 39 remains open.

[0049] Step 4: Confirm that the shovel 8 is in the initial position below, align the shovel 8 with the guide wheel 19 of the traction ring 18 and slowly reverse; when the front end of the shovel 8 is below the guide wheel 19 and the guide wheel 19 is between the two right limit bands 17-2 and the left limit band 17-1 of the shovel 8, park.

[0050] Step 5: Operate the lifting directional valve 30 to the left position, the piston rod 102 of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 extends, pushing the front end of the shovel 8 upward; the shovel 8 lifts the guide wheel 19, and the traction ring 18 rises synchronously; when the traction ring 18 rises to an appropriate position higher than the head end face of the traction hook 38, release the lifting directional valve 30 to return it to the middle position, and the piston rod 102 of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 holds the shovel 8 in the current position.

[0051] Step Six: Continue reversing. The shovel 8 moves backward, and the guide wheel 19 rolls on the shovel. When the towing hook 38 reaches below the towing ring 18, the guide wheel 19 loses support and falls downward because it has passed the rear edge of the shovel surface of the shovel 8. As a result, the towing ring 18 falls into the groove of the towing hook 38. At this time, stop the vehicle.

[0052] Step 7: Operate the lifting directional valve 30 to the right position. The oil in the oil chamber of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 loses pressure. The piston rod 102 retracts under the action of the internal spring 10-3, driving the shovel 8 down to the initial position. Release the lifting directional valve 30 to return it to the neutral position.

[0053] Step 8: Operate the opening and closing reversing valve 32 to the left position. The piston rod 1-2 of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 1 retracts, pulling the rocker arm 3 to rotate counterclockwise around the connecting pin 4. The other end of the rocker arm 3 drives the locking hook 43 to descend, and the traction hook locking device 39 closes synchronously. Release the opening and closing reversing valve 32 to return it to the middle position. At this time, the hydraulic control two-way locking valve 33 locks the oil circuit of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 1, and the traction hook locking device 39 remains closed.

[0054] Step 9: Turn off hydraulic pump 27 and turn off display screen 41. The connection is complete.

[0055] Following the exact reverse of the above process, this hydraulic automatic coupling device can be used to detach and attach the trailer from the tractor. The coupling and detaching process is described step by step below:

[0056] Step 1: Park the vehicle and turn on display screen 41 to check the detachment and coupling operation status at any time.

[0057] Step 2: Turn on the hydraulic pump 27 and confirm that it is working properly.

[0058] Step 3: Operate the opening and closing reversing valve 32 to the right position. The piston rod 1-2 of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 1 extends and pushes the rocker arm 3 to rotate clockwise around the connecting pin 4. The other end of the rocker arm 3 drives the locking hook 43 to rise, and the traction hook locking device 39 is fully opened. Release the opening and closing reversing valve 32 to return it to the middle position. At this time, the hydraulic control two-way locking valve 33 locks the oil circuit of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 1, and the traction hook locking device 39 remains open.

[0059] Step 4: Operate the lifting reversing valve 30 to the left position, the piston rod 102 of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 extends, and pushes the front end of the shovel 8 to lift the guide wheel 19 upward; when the guide wheel 19, along with the traction ring 18, rises above the head end of the traction hook 38, release the lifting reversing valve 30 to return it to the middle position, and the shovel 8 maintains the lifting state of the guide wheel 19.

[0060] Step 5: The tractor moves forward slowly. After the traction ring 18 slides completely off the traction hook 38, the lifting reversing valve 30 is operated to the right position. The piston rod 102 of the lifting hydraulic cylinder 10 retracts, and the shovel 8 descends to the appropriate position. At this time, the guide wheel 19 lands on the upper surface of the shovel 8.

[0061] Step Six: The tractor continues to move forward slowly, and the guide wheel 19 rolls backward relative to the upper surface of the shovel 8 until it detaches from the shovel 8.

[0062] Step 7: Operate the opening and closing reversing valve 32 to the left position. The piston rod 1-2 of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 1 retracts, pulling the rocker arm 3 to rotate counterclockwise around the connecting pin 4. The other end of the rocker arm 3 drives the locking hook 43 to descend, and the traction hook locking device 39 is fully closed. Release the opening and closing reversing valve 32 to return it to the middle position. At this time, the hydraulic control two-way locking valve 33 locks the oil circuit of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder 1, and the traction hook locking device 39 remains closed.

[0063] Step 8: Turn off hydraulic pump 27 and turn off display screen 41. The unloading / hanging is complete.

[0064] The above is the basic operating procedure for attaching and detaching trailers using this hydraulic automatic coupling device on a tractor vehicle.

[0065] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above. This description is not restrictive, and the actual scope of protection is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of this invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A tractor-based hydraulic automatic coupling device, characterized in that, The utility model relates to a kind of trailer lifting device, including traction hook opening and closing mechanism, lifting guide mechanism, traction ring support mechanism, hydraulic control system and monitoring system, it is characterized by: The traction hook opening and closing mechanism is composed of opening and closing hydraulic cylinder (1), opening and closing fixed seat (2), rocker arm (3), connecting pin (4), opening and closing fixed pin (5), rocker arm pin (6), nut one (7), for driving the opening and closing of traction hook locking device; The lifting guide mechanism is composed of lifting shovel (8), lifting shovel right fixed seat (91), lifting shovel left fixed seat (92), lifting hydraulic cylinder (10), lifting hydraulic cylinder fixed seat (11) and a plurality of bolts one (12), right reinforcing rib (131), left reinforcing rib (132), shovel-cylinder connecting pin (14), lifting shovel right connecting pin (151), lifting shovel left connecting pin (152), lifting hydraulic cylinder connecting pin (16), right limiting belt (171), left limiting belt (172), for guiding the traction ring (18) of trailer into the towing hook of towing vehicle; The traction ring support mechanism includes guide wheel (19), guide wheel fixed seat (20), upper buckle plate (21), wheel shaft (22) and a plurality of bolts two (23), a plurality of nuts two (24), for supporting the traction ring (18) of trailer, so that it can move relative to a certain height on the lifting shovel (8); The hydraulic control system is composed of oil cylinder (25), filter (26), hydraulic pump (27), pressure gauge (28), one-way valve (29), lifting reversing valve (30), pressure reducing valve (31), opening and closing reversing valve (32), hydraulic control two-way lock valve (33) and overflow valve one (34), overflow valve two (35), overflow valve three (36), overflow valve four (37) and oil pipe, connecting piece, its function is to control the lifting hydraulic cylinder (10) to lift the traction ring (18) of trailer into the towing hook (38) of towing vehicle, and to control the opening and closing of opening and closing hydraulic cylinder (1) to open and close the traction hook locking device (39); The monitoring system is composed of camera (40), display screen (41), data connection line (44), power line (45), for the driver or operator in cab to visually observe the position of trailer, monitor the lifting operation of towing vehicle and the opening and closing operation of traction hook.

2. A tractor-based hydraulic automatic coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the opening and closing fixed seat (2) is fixed on the upper end of the middle section of the tail beam (42), and the other end of the double ear ring (210) is suspended on the tail beam (42); the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder (1) is a double-acting single-piston rod hydraulic cylinder, the tail of the cylinder is a rotatable opening and closing connecting rod (110), and the head is a retractable opening and closing piston rod (120); the opening and closing connecting rod (110) is connected to the double ear ring (210) of the opening and closing fixed seat (2) through the opening and closing fixed pin (5) and can rotate around the opening and closing fixed pin (5); the rocker arm (3) is a large-opening "V"-shaped component, which is worn on the connecting pin (4) and can rotate around it; The round hole at one end of the rocker arm (3) is connected to the ear ring (1-3) at the head of the opening and closing piston rod (120) of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder (1) through the rocker arm pin (6), and the other end is connected to the locking hook (43) by welding or movable pin.

3. A tractor-based hydraulic automatic coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The right fixed seat (91) of the shovel is the same structure as the left fixed seat (92) of the shovel and is two parts of the fixed seat of the shovel, one end of which is fixed on the tail beam (42) through a plurality of bolts (12), and the other end is a left ear ring (93) and a right ear ring (94) of ear ring structure; the shovel (8) is an integral structure, the rear section of which is a left and right arm, a shovel left arm (82) and a shovel right arm (81); the upper surface of the shovel (8) has two left and right symmetrical left limiting bands (172) and right limiting bands (171) forming a horn mouth shape, and the lower surface has two left and right symmetrical left reinforcing ribs (132) and right reinforcing ribs (131); the tail end of the shovel left arm (82) has a left circular ring (84) of double ear ring structure, and the tail end of the shovel right arm (81) has a right circular ring (85) of double ear ring structure; the left circular ring (84) is connected to the left ear ring (93) of the left fixed seat (92) of the shovel through a shovel left connecting pin (152), and the right circular ring (85) is connected to the right ear ring (94) of the right fixed seat (91) of the shovel through a shovel right connecting pin (151); one end of the lifting hydraulic cylinder fixed seat (11) is fixed at the bottom end of the middle section of the tail beam (42), and the other end extends into a double ear ring (111); the lifting hydraulic cylinder (10) is a single-acting single-piston rod hydraulic cylinder, the tail part of which is a rotatable connecting rod (101), and the head part is a telescopic piston rod (102); the connecting rod (101) is connected to the double ear ring (111) of the lifting hydraulic cylinder fixed seat (11) through a lifting hydraulic cylinder connecting pin (16) and can rotate around the lifting hydraulic cylinder connecting pin (16); the piston rod (102) is connected to the shovel (8) through a shovel-cylinder connecting pin (14).

4. A tractor-based hydraulic automatic coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide wheel fixed seat (20) is buckled with the upper buckle plate (21) on the towing ring (18) of the trailer, and is fixed on the towing ring (18) through a plurality of bolts (23) and a plurality of nuts (24); the wheel shaft (22) connects the guide wheel (19) to the guide wheel fixed seat (20), and the guide wheel (19) can rotate around the wheel shaft (22).

5. A tractor-based hydraulic automatic coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oil cylinder (25) is used for storing hydraulic oil, the filter (26) is used for filtering the hydraulic oil and keeping the hydraulic oil clean, the hydraulic pump (27) provides power hydraulic oil for the hydraulic system, the pressure gauge (28) is used for checking the pressure of the hydraulic oil output by the hydraulic pump (27), the one-way valve (29) can prevent the hydraulic oil from impacting the hydraulic pump (27) in the reverse pressure difference; the lifting reversing valve (30) is a handle type O-shaped three-position four-way automatic reset valve, the left position supplies oil, the right position discharges oil, and the middle position breaks oil; the pressure reducing valve (31) is a constant value output pressure reducing valve, which is connected in series between the hydraulic pump (27) and the opening and closing reversing valve (32), and reduces the oil pressure output by the hydraulic pump (27) to adapt to the driving and control of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder (1), because the working pressure of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder (1) is lower than that of the lifting hydraulic cylinder (10); the opening and closing reversing valve (32) is a handle type H-shaped three-position four-way automatic reset valve, the left position, the middle position and the right position respectively open, lock and close the towing hook locking device (39); the hydraulic control bidirectional lock valve (33) constitutes a locking circuit, which locks the oil circuit of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder (1) when the towing hook locking device (39) is opened to prevent the towing hook locking device (39) from falling down by itself, and locks the oil circuit of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder (1) when the towing hook locking device is closed to prevent the towing hook locking device (39) from being opened by mistake, causing the towing ring (18) to fall off from the towing hook of the towing vehicle; the overflow valve one (34), the overflow valve two (35), the overflow valve three (36) and the overflow valve four (37) are connected in parallel in the hydraulic circuit, which are used for overload protection, preventing the hydraulic system from being damaged due to abnormally high pressure, so as to ensure the safe operation of the hydraulic system, the lifting reversing valve (30) and the opening and closing reversing valve (32) are installed in the cab and are operated by the driver or the operator; here, manual valves or solenoid valves are used.

6. A tractor-based hydraulic automatic coupling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The camera (40) adopts a wide-angle camera, which is installed above the middle section of the tail beam (42) and close to the upper section of the opening and closing hydraulic cylinder (1), the lens is slightly inclined downward, and the field of view can cover a certain range of the tail, which can meet the needs of operation; the display screen (41) is installed on the console of the cab, connected with the camera (40) through the data connection line (44), which can meet the viewing needs of the people in the driver's seat and the front passenger seat; the display screen (41) adopts direct current power supply, which is connected in the circuit in the console of the cab or connected to the storage battery through the power line (45).

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