Over-standard sun tracking deviation correction sensor

Abstract

The utility model relates to an over-standard sun-tracking deviation correction sensor, and belongs to the field of medium-high temperature solar heat utilization or tracking type photovoltaic power generation or solar heat power generation. The device is composed of a slit groove, a sun shield, a solar cell, various light collecting mirrors, a dustproof plate and a frame. The upper edge of a U-shaped plate of a slit groove is connected with a sun shield, a solar cell is installed below the sun shield or on a frame bottom plate, a corresponding related light collecting mirror concentrates extremely weak inclined incident light onto the solar cell, and the solar cell can enable extremely weak deviation signals to pass through a light or electric multi-stage amplifier, so that the light or the electric multi-stage amplifier can be amplified. The strong signal is transmitted to a control system of the double-shaft automatic sun tracking machine, and extremely small tracking errors are corrected in time, so that the utilization rate of solar energy is improved to the maximum extent. The system has the advantages of high sensitivity, high reliability, ultra-precise sun tracking higher than general accuracy and the like.

Description

Technical fields:

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of tracking solar high-temperature utilization, solar thermal power generation, or photovoltaic power generation. Background technology:

[0002] In the fields of generating medium- and high-temperature heat from solar energy, solar thermal power generation, or tracking photovoltaic power generation, automatic sun-following machines are needed to transport solar energy products. Due to various factors such as gear backlash error in the sun-following machine or the azimuth axis not being completely perpendicular to the ground plane, the automatic sun-following machine will inevitably produce errors, causing the concentrated spot to deviate from the target, which will significantly reduce the solar thermal utilization rate or photovoltaic power generation. Therefore, an automatic correction device is necessary.

[0003] In order for the controller of the tracking aircraft to detect the occurrence and direction of the deviation so as to correct it in time, a sensor is necessary. Most of the sensors currently used are based on the four-quadrant method or shadow tracking method, which have large errors, are not very sensitive, and have poor reliability, causing tracking errors.

[0004] To address this, I invented an "ultra-precise polarization correction sensor" (patent number: 202322408459.2, invention patent application number: 202311091698.8). After product testing, I discovered serious shortcomings. First, the light-gathering power is very low, resulting in a weak signal and large errors, failing to meet the actual needs of ultra-precise solar tracking. Second, increasing the light-gathering power would require an extremely large size. The reason for this is the use of two tilted mirrors as the light-gathering device. This is mainly due to the lack of precise quantitative calculations before patent application; instead, a hasty qualitative estimation was used to arrive at the conclusion that light gathering was possible. For example, when the tilt angle of the mirror is 80°, the light-gathering power of a single slit collector unit is only 1.97 times, while the sensor height is already 11.3 cm; if the tilt angle of the mirror is 88°, the light-gathering power is only 2 times, and the sensor height reaches 28 cm.

[0005] Therefore, to significantly improve the accuracy of beam correction—that is, to fully amplify the extremely weak signal of the tilted light so that the controller of the automatic tracking machine can detect the minute deviation and correct it in time—major improvements to the light-collecting device are necessary. To this end, I have conducted diligent research and have now invented a new light-collecting device and its set of calculation equations. Precise quantitative calculations have been performed, and my experiments have successfully verified its effectiveness. This is why I have created this new utility model. Utility Model Content:

[0006] The present invention aims to develop a super-accurate solar tracking correction sensor that can amplify the extremely weak tilted light signal that causes the extremely small deviation during solar tracking so as to correct it in a timely manner, and can minimize the size of the correction sensor.

[0007] This invention is implemented using the following scheme:

[0008] 1. A super-accurate solar tracking correction sensor, referred to as a super-accurate tracking correction sensor, includes a light-collecting lens, a slit slot, a sunshade, a solar cell, and a frame, and may also include a dustproof plate, an optical signal amplifier, or an electrical signal amplifier, characterized in that:

[0009] A. The slit groove can be either frame-type or U-type. A frame-type slit groove is a rectangular groove formed by the front upright plate, rear upright plate, side upright plate, frame bottom plate, and groove sealing plate of the frame. The frame bottom plate inside the slit groove is also called the groove bottom plate. A U-type slit groove is a rectangular groove formed by a U-shaped plate, a groove sealing plate, and a frame bottom plate. The groove sealing plate in this groove only closes a part of the U-shaped plate, and the other part is a window. The so-called U-shaped plate is a groove-shaped three-panel formed by two side panels sandwiching a bottom plate.

[0010] B. The sunshade is fixedly connected to the three sides of the upper opening of the U-shaped plate. The side opening formed by the four sides of the U-shaped plate, the slot sealing plate and the sunshade is the window through which the super-accurate correction sensor can be incident with tilted light. The side line of the sunshade that is not connected to the U-shaped plate and the inner side line of the slot sealing plate are located on the same vertical plane.

[0011] C. The solar cell, whether single-sided or double-sided, is either directly or indirectly connected to the sunshade via a bracket, with the sunshade as its carrier, and is located below the sunshade; or it is connected to the frame base plate, with the frame base plate as its carrier; the wires of each power generation surface of the solar cell extend out of the frame and are electrically connected to the controller of the automatic solar generator.

[0012] D. The light-collecting mirror is a light-collecting device that can change the transmission direction of the sunlight it receives and collect the light onto the solar cell. It may be a folded-angle light-collecting mirror, a linear Fresnel reflection light-collecting mirror, a linear Fresnel refraction light-collecting mirror, or a parabolic light-collecting mirror.

[0013] (a) The folded-facet reflector is a folded-facet reflective strip formed by arranging a group of reflective mirror strips one after another on a regularly folded-facet base. The folded-facet strip is a strip formed by merging many folded lines of the same shape without overlapping. Each reflective mirror strip on the folded-facet strip is a plane mirror. The length direction of each reflective mirror strip is perpendicular to the length direction of the folded-facet strip. The reflective mirror strips are either in contact but not connected, or in contact and connected to each other. The width of each mirror strip is different, and the tilt angle of the reflective surface of each mirror strip is also different.

[0014] The width, tilt angle, and starting point of each light-gathering slat can be calculated using the following four formulas:

[0015]

[0016] x i+1 =x i +P i cosα i …………………(2)

[0017] Z i+1 =Z i +P i sinα i ………………(3)

[0018]

[0019] Where, x i and Z i α is the starting coordinate of the i-th light-collecting strip within the folded-angle light-collecting lens. i P is the tilt angle of the i-th mirror strip, defined as the angle between the reflecting surface of the i-th mirror strip along the x-axis and the plane perpendicular to the xZ coordinate plane. i The width of the i-th mirror strip arranged along the x-axis; the coordinates of the starting point of the first mirror strip, that is, the coordinates of the starting point of the initial mirror strip located at the bottom of the slope, can be represented as x1 and Z1, where x1 is the horizontal coordinate and Z1 is the vertical coordinate. The tilt angle of this mirror strip can be set as α1. These initial values ​​can be selected by the user; L is the width of the solar cell along the length of the slot, which is a known quantity. Substituting the values ​​of L and the set α1 into formula (1), the width P1 of the first mirror strip can be calculated. Substituting P1, x1, Z1, and α1 into formulas (2), (3), and (4), the coordinates x2 and Z2 of the starting point of the second mirror strip and its tilt angle α2 can be calculated. Substituting α2 and L into formula (1), the width P2 of the second mirror strip can be calculated. And so on, the width P of the nth, i.e., any number of mirror strips can be calculated. n and inclination angle α n and the starting position x n and Z n However, the range of values ​​for the tilt angle of the light-gathering lens strip is limited; it must be within the range of greater than zero degrees and less than 90 degrees.

[0020] (b) The linear Fresnel reflector, or linear Fresnel reflector for short, is composed of a group of reflective light-collecting mirror strips that conform to the rules of linear Fresnel reflectors, distributed on a flat plate according to the light-collecting principle of linear Fresnel reflectors;

[0021] (c) The linear Fresnel refraction focusing lens, or simply linear Fresnel lens, is composed of a group of refraction focusing lens strips that conform to the rules of linear Fresnel lenses, distributed on a transparent plate according to the light-gathering principle of linear Fresnel lenses;

[0022] (d) The parabolic light-collecting lens is a reflective band formed by merging many parabolas of the same shape without overlapping, that is, forming a short line-focusing parabolic mirror, or simply a parabolic light-collecting lens.

[0023] E. A light-collecting device consisting of a U-shaped slit, a sunshade, two light-collecting mirrors, and a solar cell is called a light-collecting unit; or a light-collecting device consisting of a frame-type slit, a U-shaped plate, a sunshade, a solar cell, and two light-collecting mirrors is also called a light-collecting unit.

[0024] F. The frame includes a frame base plate, a front upright plate, a rear upright plate, or may also include side upright plates, which are connected to each other to form a frame. It is the carrier of the light-collecting unit. The frame base plate occupied by the slit slot is also called the slot base plate.

[0025] G. The super-accurate correction sensor may be a folded super-accurate correction sensor, a linear phenanthrene reflection super-accurate correction sensor, a linear phenanthrene refraction super-accurate correction sensor, or a projectile super-accurate correction sensor.

[0026] (a) The folded super-accurate correction sensor is characterized in that: in each of its slit slots, two folded beam-collecting mirrors of the same shape are mounted symmetrically on the bottom plate of the slit slot; the vertical projection or orthographic projection line of the longitudinal centerline of the solar cell under the sunshade, that is, the centerline on the solar cell that is perpendicular to the length direction of the slit slot, on the bottom plate of the slot coincides with the axis of symmetry of the two folded beam-collecting mirrors on the bottom plate of the slit slot; the starting position, width, and tilt angle of each mirror strip contained in the two folded beam-collecting mirrors, the reflected light target determined by these parameters are all aligned with the solar cell;

[0027] (b) The linear Feuerbach reflection super-accurate correction sensor is characterized in that: in each of its slit slots, two sets of linear Feuerbach mirrors of the same shape are mounted symmetrically on the bottom plate of the slit slot; the orthographic projection line of the center line of the solar cell installed under the sunshade, which is perpendicular to the length direction of the slit slot, on the bottom plate of the slit slot coincides with the axis of symmetry of the two sets of linear Feuerbach mirrors; the common focal line or focal band of the two sets of linear Feuerbach mirrors is located on the power generation surface of the solar cell.

[0028] (c) The linear Feuerbachic refraction super-accurate correction sensor is characterized in that: in each of its slit slots, two sets of linear Feuerbachic lenses of the same shape are installed in a mutually symmetrical manner in the slit slot, the solar cells corresponding to the two sets of linear Feuerbachic lenses are installed on the bottom plate of the slit slot, the orthographic projection of the axis of symmetry of the two sets of linear Feuerbachic lenses on the bottom plate of the slit slot coincides with the center line of the solar cell perpendicular to the length direction of the slit slot, and the common focal line or focal band of the two sets of linear Feuerbachic lenses is located on the power generation surface of the solar cell;

[0029] (d) The projectile super-accurate correction sensor is characterized in that: the projectile concentrator is composed of two mutually symmetrical mirrors, the center line of the solar cell installed under the sunshade is perpendicular to the length direction of the slit slot, the orthographic projection line on the bottom plate of the slit slot coincides with the axis of symmetry of the two projectile concentrators, and the common focal line or focal band of the two projectile concentrators is located on the power generation surface of the solar cell.

[0030] 2. The light-collecting unit may or may not have a dustproof plate. The dustproof plate may be a transparent flat plate that is only connected to the front panel, rear panel and sunshade of the frame, or an inverted L-shaped transparent plate that is connected to the connecting plate of the sunshade and the front panel, rear panel and slot sealing plate of the frame.

[0031] 3. The frame may support only one light-collecting unit to form a unidirectional super-accurate polarization correction sensor; or it may support two mutually symmetrically installed light-collecting units, with one window of the two light-collecting units facing the other window, i.e., the two windows are opposite each other, called a bidirectional super-accurate polarization correction sensor; or it may support multiple light-collecting units, which are multiple light-collecting units installed symmetrically in the positive and negative directions, called a signal amplification bidirectional super-accurate polarization correction sensor.

[0032] 4. The aforementioned signal amplification bidirectional super-accuracy correction sensor may be an optical signal amplification bidirectional super-accuracy correction sensor, referred to as an optical amplification sensor; or an electrical signal amplification bidirectional super-accuracy correction sensor, referred to as an electrical amplification sensor.

[0033] 5. The aforementioned optical amplification sensor comprises two or more light-collecting units in each window direction, one of which is equipped with a solar cell, while the other one or more are not. In the light-collecting unit without a solar cell, either the horn-shaped light inlet of the optical fiber bundle is installed under the sunshade to collect reflected light relayed by the corresponding light-collecting mirror, and the light is transmitted through the optical fiber bundle to the power-generating surface of the double-sided solar cell in the light-collecting unit with the solar cell, where the light-exit port of the optical fiber bundle faces downward and is positioned between the sunshade and the solar cell; or the horn-shaped light inlet of the optical fiber bundle is installed on the bottom plate of the slot to collect refracted light relayed by the corresponding light-collecting mirror, i.e., the line-Feuerlens lens, and the light is transmitted through the optical fiber bundle to the lower power-generating surface of the double-sided solar cell in the light-collecting unit with the solar cell, where the double-sided solar cell is positioned between the line-Feuerlens lens and the upward-facing light-exit port of the optical fiber bundle.

[0034] 6. The aforementioned electro-amplifier sensor is composed of two or more light-collecting units in each window direction, or solar cells are installed under the sunshade of each light-collecting unit, or solar cells are installed on the bottom plate of the slit slot of each light-collecting unit. The positive and negative electrodes of the two or more solar cells in the same window direction are connected in series with wires to amplify voltage signals, or connected in parallel with wires to amplify current signals. Attached image description:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a front sectional view of a folded hyperaccurate correction sensor.

[0036] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Top sectional view

[0037] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Left sectional view

[0038] Figure 4 This is a front sectional view of a line-French reflective super-accurate correction sensor.

[0039] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Top sectional view

[0040] Figure 6 yes Figure 4 Left sectional view

[0041] Figure 7 This is a front sectional view of a projectile hyperaccurate correction sensor.

[0042] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Top sectional view

[0043] Figure 9 yes Figure 7 Left sectional view

[0044] Figure 10 This is a front sectional view of a line-French refractive super-accurate polarization correction sensor.

[0045] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 Top sectional view

[0046] Figure 12 yes Figure 10 Left sectional view

[0047] Figure 13 This is a front sectional view of a four-unit optical magnification folding super-precision correction sensor.

[0048] Figure 14 yes Figure 13 Top sectional view

[0049] Figure 15 This is a front sectional view of a four-unit electrically amplified folding hypercollimation and sun-correcting sensor.

[0050] Figure 16 yes Figure 14 Top sectional view

[0051] Figure 17 This is a front sectional view of a four-unit linear Fresnel refraction super-precision polarization correction sensor.

[0052] Figure 18 yes Figure 17 Top sectional view

[0053] Figure 19 This is a front sectional view of an electrically amplified four-unit linear Phenotype refractive super-precision polarization correction sensor. Detailed implementation method:

[0054] Figure 1 This is a front sectional view of a folded super-precision polarization correction sensor, named for the folded beam-collecting lens it contains. Figure 1 In the diagram, 1 is the slot sealing plate, 2 is the left side upright plate of the frame, and the slot sealing plate and the left side upright plate are... Figure 2 The front upright plate 19 and rear upright plate 18 are both connected to the frame bottom plate 16. These five components are interconnected to form a left slit slot, which is called a frame-type slit slot. 3 is a sunshade, whose right side line and the inner edge line of the slot sealing plate are on the same vertical plane. 4 is a solar cell hook, whose upper end is connected to the sunshade and whose lower end is connected to the transparent glass 11 protecting the solar cell, used to hang the solar cell. 5 is an inverted L-shaped dustproof plate, which is connected to the sunshade on one side and the other side is connected to the front upright plate 19, the rear upright plate 18, and the connecting plate 15 of the slot sealing plate. 6 represents oblique incident sunlight. In this case, the sunlight and the sunshade are not perpendicular. If the folded-type super-precision correction sensor is installed on a tracking solar thermal generator, this situation indicates that the sunlight and the light-receiving surface of the condenser are not perpendicular, requiring correction. The oblique incident light 6 enters the slit slot and is reflected by the folded-type condenser onto the solar cell 10. The solar cell 10 then sends a signal to the controller of the automatic sun-following machine to immediately correct the deviation, making the light-receiving surface of the condenser carried by the sun-following machine perpendicular to the sunlight again. Thus, the focal spot generated by the condenser can be re-aligned with the target. This situation corresponds to the oblique incident light hitting the correction sensor becoming perpendicular incident light and being blocked by the sunshade, without generating a correction signal. That is, the folded-type super-precision correction sensor completes the correction task. Because the folded-type super-precision correction sensor must be installed so that its sunshade and the light-receiving surface of the condenser carried by the sun-following machine are always parallel to each other.

[0055] Figure 17 in the diagram is the light outlet of the optical fiber bundle 9 from another light-collecting unit with the same window orientation, used to achieve light amplification. The light beam exiting from this outlet illuminates the upper generating surface of the bifacial solar cell 10, and together with the lower generating surface, generates electricity to enhance the electrical signal output. 8 in the diagram is the hook of the optical fiber bundle 9. 11 is the protective glass of the solar cell 10. 12 is the reflected light from the incident light 6, which passes through the protective transparent glass and illuminates the lower generating surface of the solar panel 10. 13 is the right slit slot, which consists of the slot sealing plate 1 and the frame. 14 is the right side plate of the frame, 15 is the connecting plate between two adjacent slot sealing plates, and 16 is the frame bottom plate.

[0056] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Top sectional view, in Figure 2 The middle section 17 is a U-shaped panel, which consists of a base plate and two side plates connected together. It stands upright. Figure 1 The upper opening of the central slit slot connects to the three upper edges of the slit slot, and the three upper edges of the U-shaped plate connect to the sun visor. 19 and 18 are the front and rear panels of the frame, respectively.

[0057] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The left sectional view, in Figure 3 In the diagram, 21 represents the individual reflective strips within the folded-angle concentrator, and 20 is the base of the folded-angle concentrator, serving as its carrier upon which all the reflective strips are attached. Each strip within each folded-angle concentrator reflects relevant incident light onto the solar panel. If a single strip is fully illuminated, its reflected light can completely cover the solar cell. Figure 3 In each group of zigzag light-gathering slats, the lateral width and lateral tilt angle of each slat are different. The tilt angle is... Figure 3 The angle between the reflective surface of each mirror strip perpendicular to the paper and the bottom plate of the frame, i.e., the bottom plate of the groove, can be calculated using the formulas (1), (2), (3), and (4) invented by me, as described above. Figure 3 The parameters of each reflective strip in the image, namely the width P i and inclination angle α i and the coordinates of its starting point x i and Z i The calculations are provided for engineers or senior engineers in the field of optical and mechanical design and manufacturing to design and manufacture the equipment. The starting point A of the first lens strip and the coordinates x1 and Z1 of point A are as follows: Figure 3 The starting point of the other mirror strips is indicated by the middle arrow, and there is no need to elaborate further. Figure 3 In the middle, the two starting points of the left and right sets of folding condensers can be very close. Here, x1 corresponds to the x-axis (horizontal coordinate), and Z1 corresponds to the z-axis (vertical coordinate). The calculation formulas for the two types of Fresnel condensers and parabolic condensers described below are common knowledge and will not be repeated here. Figure 3 The remaining part numbers and Figure 1 and Figure 2 Those with the same name in China have the same meaning. This will not be repeated.

[0058] Figure 4 This is a front view of the line-French reflective super-accurate correction sensor. Figure 4 In the middle, 1 is the slot sealing plate, which, along with the front upright plate 19 and the rear upright plate 18 of the frame (see... Figure 5 The slit slot 13 is formed by the left side plate 2 and the frame bottom plate 16. 3 is a sunshade, 4 is a bracket for the solar cell 10 and the protective glass 11, 5 is an inverted L-shaped dustproof transparent plate, 6 is an oblique light beam incident into the slit slot 13, 7 is the light outlet of the optical fiber bundle 9 from another light-collecting unit with the same window direction, the beam output from this outlet shines on the upper generating surface of the bifacial solar cell, and it, together with the lower generating surface of the solar cell 10, sends a strong electrical signal to the controller of the solar collector for correction, 11 is the protective glass for the solar panel 10, 12 is the beam reflected by the Fresnel mirror, which shines on the lower generating surface of the solar cell. 13 is the slit slot, 14 is the right side plate of the frame, which, together with the frame bottom plate 16 and the... Figure 5 The front and rear panels 19 and the rear upright panel 18 are connected to form the right-side slit groove. 15 is the connecting plate between two adjacent slot sealing plates, and 16 is the frame bottom plate.

[0059] exist Figure 5 In the middle, 17 is a U-shaped plate, which is composed of a bottom plate and two side plates connected together. It stands on the narrow slot, as shown. Figure 6 As shown, the bottom edges of its three plates connect to the top edges of the corresponding three plates of the slot. 18 is the rear upright plate of the frame, and 19 is its front upright plate.

[0060] exist Figure 6 In the diagram, 20 represents the reflector strips in the linear Fresnel concentrator, arranged in order of width. 21 is the base of each strip, which together form the linear Fresnel concentrator. The focal line or focal band it produces is located at... Figure 6 On the lower power generation surface of the solar cell 10, the direction of its focal line or focal strip is the same as... Figure 6 The lengths of the mirror strips are parallel. Figure 6 The remaining item numbers that are the same as those in item numbers 5 or 6 have the same meaning and will not be repeated.

[0061] In fact, Figure 4 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 In addition to Figure 6 The meaning of item numbers 20 and 21 in the text and Figure 3 Except for part numbers 20 and 21, all other part numbers are the same. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3The part numbers have the same name and the same meaning. For the sake of accuracy, I've repeated it here.

[0062] Figure 7 This is a front sectional view of a projectile hyperaccurate correction sensor. Figure 8 It is its top sectional view, in Figure 7 and Figure 8 The item numbers in the file are all the same as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The item numbers in the document have the same name and the same meaning, so there's no need to repeat them.

[0063] exist Figure 9 The 20-inch mirror is a parabolic reflector, which is a band of parabolic reflectors composed of numerous non-overlapping parabolas. The vertices of all the parabolas within it coincide with the vertex of the parabola. Figure 9 The centerline of the solar cell, perpendicular to the length of the slit, coincides with the orthographic projection of its centerline onto the base plate of the frame. In other words, the parabolic light-collecting slats... Figure 9 The slit shown consists of two symmetrically distributed parabolic slits located on the lower power generation surface of the solar cell 10. Figure 9 The remaining part numbers and Figure 7 The meanings are the same as those in the text, so I will not repeat them.

[0064] Figure 10 This is a front sectional view of a linear filament refractive super-accuracy correction sensor. Figure 10 In this design, 1 is the slot sealing plate, 2 is the U-shaped plate, and both the slot sealing plate and the U-shaped plate stand upright on the frame base plate 11. These three components form a slit slot 7, called a U-shaped slit slot. The U-shaped slit slot is simpler than the frame-type slit slot because it eliminates the side uprights of the frame-type slit slot and reduces the size of the front and rear uprights. 3 is the sunshade plate, which connects to the top of the three plates of the U-shaped plate. 4 is a flat, dustproof, transparent plate, which connects to the two sunshades on the left and right sides, as well as the front upright plate 13 and the rear upright plate 12 of the frame. 5 is the obliquely incident light, which shines on the straight Fresnel refracting concentrator 6 in the slit slot 7. After refraction, it becomes refracted light 8, which converges onto the solar cell 9 located on the frame base plate 11. 10 is the connecting plate between two adjacent slot sealing plates 1.

[0065] exist Figure 11 In the diagram, 2 is the U-shaped plate, 12 is the rear upright plate of the frame, 6 is the straight Fresnel refracting concentrator, and 13 is the front upright plate.

[0066] exist Figure 12 In the diagram, 14 is the boss supporting the linear Fresnel lens. 16 is the scattered light that returns after being scattered by the sharp edge of the linear Fresnel lens. Figure 12 The rest of the part numbers are the same as Figure 10 The meaning is the same, so I will not repeat it.

[0067] Figure 13 This is a front sectional view of a four-unit optical magnification and folding super-precision polarization correction sensor. In the figure, 1 is the frame base plate, 2 is the folded beam collecting mirror, 3 is the slot sealing plate, 4 is the U-shaped plate standing on the frame base plate 1, 5 is the slit slot, 6 is the reflected light from the oblique incident light 7, 8 is the light inlet for collecting the reflected light to enter the optical fiber bundle 12, 9 is the sunshade plate connected to the U-shaped plate, 10 is the hook of the optical fiber bundle, 11 is the flat dustproof transparent plate, 12 is the optical fiber bundle, which can transmit the light received by the light inlet 8 to the light outlet 16. The light emitted by 16 illuminates the upper generating surface of the bifacial solar cell 15, and 14 is the protective transparent glass. The electricity generated by the combined upper and lower generating surfaces passes through the wire 17 through the outlet hole 18 and sends the electrical signal to the controller of the automatic solar tracking machine for polarization correction.

[0068] Figure 14 yes Figure 13 Top sectional view. In Figure 14 In the diagram, 20 is the front upright of the frame, and 21 is the rear upright of the frame; both are... Figure 13 The frame base plate 1 shown is connected. All other part numbers are the same. Figure 13 The meanings are the same, so they will not be repeated.

[0069] The left-side sectional view of the four-unit optical magnification folding super-precision polarization correction sensor does not need to be drawn, because if it were drawn, only the left-side sectional view of one light-collecting unit would need to be drawn, which would be the same as... Figure 3 Identical.

[0070] Figure 15 This is a front sectional view of a four-unit electrically amplified folding hypercollimation and sun-correcting sensor. Figure 15 In the diagram, 1 is the frame base plate, 2 is the folded-angle light-collecting mirror, 3 is the slot sealing plate, 4 is the U-shaped plate, 5 is the slit slot, 6 is the reflected light of the oblique incident light 7 entering the slit slot through the window, 8 is the sunshade, 9 is the bracket used to suspend the solar cell 14 and its protective glass 13, 10 is the flat dustproof transparent plate, 11 is the wire, whose two ends are electrically connected to the two solar cells facing the same direction as the window, 12 is the window, and 15 is the wire, which comes out of the solar cell in the diagram, passes through the outlet hole 16, and is electrically connected to the controller of the solar machine for correction.

[0071] Figure 16 yes Figure 15 Top sectional view. In 16, 17 is the front panel of the frame, and 18 is its rear panel. The remaining part numbers are... Figure 15 Those with the same name in China have the same meaning, so they will not be repeated.

[0072] Figure 17 This is a front sectional view of a four-unit linear phenanthrene refraction super-precision polarization correction sensor. Figure 17In the diagram, 1 is the frame base plate, 2 is the optical fiber bundle, 3 is its light inlet horn, all mounted on the frame base plate, 4 is the refracted light, which is the incident light 10 refracted after passing through the linear Fresnel lens 6, and 5 is... Figure 18 The protrusions mounted on the front and back plates of the U-shaped plate shown are carriers for the linear lens, which has been covered by the lens. Figure 17 6 is a linear lens, 7 is a slot sealing plate, 8 is a U-shaped plate, 9 is a sunshade, 10 is an oblique incident light, 11 is a transparent dustproof plate, 12 is a U-shaped slit slot, 13 is a bifacial solar cell, 14 is its protective transparent glass, 15 is a boss, which is the carrier of the solar cell, 16 is the light outlet of the optical fiber, and 17 is the wire connecting the solar cell. The two wires pass through the wire outlet hole of the front upright plate 19 of the frame and are electrically connected to the controller of the solar machine.

[0073] Figure 18 yes Figure 17 Top sectional view, in Figure 18 In the diagram, 19 is the front upright plate of the frame, and 20 is the rear upright plate. All other part numbers are the same. Figure 17 They have the same meaning.

[0074] Figure 17 The left sectional view does not need to be drawn, because even if it were drawn, only one light-gathering unit would need to be sectioned, which would be the same as... Figure 12 They are exactly the same.

[0075] Figure 19 This is a front sectional view of an electrically amplified four-unit linear phenanthrene refractive indexing polarization correction sensor. Figure 19 In the diagram, 1 is the base plate of the frame, 2 is the protective glass for the solar cell 3, which is attached to the base plate of the frame. Figure 19 From part number 4 to part number 12, and Figure 17 The part numbers and their meanings are identical and need not be repeated. 13 is the front upright plate of the frame; 14 is the wiring hole on the front upright plate, through which the solar cell wires pass and connect electrically to the solar panel's controller; 15 is... Figure 19 The wires that connect the solar cells of the two light-collecting units on the left are used for electrical connection.

[0076] Figure 19 To draw the top sectional view, then... Figure 18 They are exactly the same, because objects below the line-French lens are completely obscured by the line-French lens. Therefore, there is no need to draw them separately.

[0077] The advantages and disadvantages of the four light-collecting lens schemes mentioned above are compared as follows:

[0078] (1) In a linear Fresnel concentrator, all the concentrating slats are distributed on a flat plate. This has two disadvantages: firstly, between adjacent slats, some reflected light from the rear slat will be blocked by the front slat. Figure 6It is obvious that, counting from the center outwards, it is impossible for the bottom edge of the 5th mirror strip to reflect light onto the solar cell 10, because it would be blocked by the vertical surface of the 4th mirror strip, thus reducing the light collection efficiency; secondly, when the incident light hits the top edge of each mirror strip, it will be scattered, and the reflected light cannot reach the solar cell, thus reducing the light collection energy.

[0079] (2) The disadvantages of a linear Fresnel refracting condenser are: firstly, it absorbs incident light very strongly, because optics textbooks state that when light passes through a transparent material, the increase in the material's thickness follows an arithmetic progression, while the increase in the amount of light absorbed by the material follows a geometric progression. Secondly, when the incident light hits the edge of the condenser strip, scattering occurs, such as... Figure 12 As shown in Figure 16, the scattered light cannot reach the solar cell. Both of these factors reduce the light collection efficiency.

[0080] (3) The disadvantage of parabolic concentrator is that after the parabolic concentrator reflects parallel light (sunlight can be regarded as parallel light), its light energy density is distributed according to Gaussian distribution, that is, the energy density is the largest at the center and the light energy density is very small near the two sides. In summer, it will heat up the center of the solar cell so much that it cannot generate electricity or burns out.

[0081] (4) The folded-angle light-collecting lens composed of the folded-angle light-collecting lens strip group of the present invention does not have the disadvantages of the previous three types of light-collecting lenses. Figure 3 It is evident that, firstly, it eliminates light loss due to obstruction between the front and rear mirror strips; secondly, it eliminates scattering loss when incident light hits a sharp edge; thirdly, its reflected light does not suffer from absorption loss when passing through transparent materials; and fourthly, each mirror strip can distribute the relevant reflected light evenly across the solar panel (because each mirror strip is a plane mirror), avoiding the disadvantages of parabolic mirrors. The width, tilt angle, and starting point of each mirror strip are all determined by the size of the solar cell; in other words, they are all calculated based on the recursive equations (1), (2), (3), and (4) of my invention as described above, without any waste. Therefore, the folding-angle light-collecting mirror of this invention is the most superior light-collecting device.

[0082] Electrically amplified sensors eliminate the need for optical fibers, using series or parallel circuits instead, which is simpler. However, when oblique light, forming an angle extremely small with the perpendicular incident light, enters the slit, the solar cell may not generate an electrical signal. In contrast, the horn-shaped inlet of an optical fiber bundle can concentrate the light signal and focus even weak light onto a single solar cell without energy loss, thus generating an electrical signal that allows the solar controller to correct minute errors. In other words, optically amplified sensors may be more accurate than electrically amplified sensors.

[0083] According to the claims of this invention, further embodiments can be listed, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the claims of this invention.

[0084] The advantages of this invention are:

[0085] 1. The invention of slit slots, sunshades, and various light-collecting mirrors, especially the folded-angle light-collecting mirror, can separate vertically incident light and slightly obliquely incident light, so that the tracking error of the automatic sun-following machine can be automatically corrected; because vertically incident light can be blocked by the sunshade and cannot enter the slit slot, that is, it cannot make the solar cell emit an electrical signal, so the sun-following machine can follow the sun normally and accurately.

[0086] 2. It can amplify extremely small amounts of oblique incident light with very slight deviation from the perpendicular incident light to create an ultra-precise polarization correction sensor.

[0087] 3. As long as the sunshade plane of each light-collecting unit of the present invention and the light-collecting plane of the condenser lens carried by the sun-following aircraft are adjusted to be extremely parallel to each other during installation, the present invention can improve the tracking accuracy of the sun-following aircraft to a very high level. However, to achieve this, the prerequisite is that two bidirectional super-accuracy correction sensors of the present invention must be installed on each dual-axis automatic sun-following aircraft, and the window directions of these two sensors must be perpendicular to each other.

[0088] 4. It can collect extremely weak rows of obliquely incident light with the same direction and concentrate them with any number of optical or electrical signal amplifiers, so that the solar controller can detect the existence of extremely small deviations and the direction of the deviations, and correct them immediately; thereby greatly improving the utilization rate of solar energy and enabling unmanned management in the field of medium and high temperature solar energy utilization for many years, greatly improving economic benefits.

[0089] 5. It greatly improves the sensitivity and reliability of automatic tracking machine error correction;

[0090] 6. Simple structure and low cost.

Claims

1. A super-precision sun-tracking rectification sensor, comprising a light collector, a slit groove, a sun shield, a solar cell and a frame, or further comprising a dust shield, or further comprising a light signal amplifier, or further comprising an electric signal amplifier, characterized in that: A. the slit groove is either frame-shaped or U-shaped, the frame-shaped slit groove is a rectangular groove composed of a front vertical plate, a rear vertical plate, a side vertical plate, a frame bottom plate and a groove sealing plate, the frame bottom plate in the slit groove is also called a groove bottom plate, the U-shaped slit groove is a rectangular groove composed of a U-shaped plate, a groove sealing plate and a frame bottom plate, the groove sealing plate in the groove only seals part of the U-shaped plate, and the other part is a window, the so-called U-shaped plate is a groove-shaped three-plate composed of two side plates and a bottom plate; B. the sun shield is fixedly connected with the three plate edges of the upper opening of the U-shaped plate, the side opening composed of the U-shaped plate, the groove sealing plate and the sun shield is a window of the super-precision sun-tracking rectification sensor that can be tilted by light, and the two edges of the sun shield and the groove sealing plate are located on the same vertical plane; C. the solar cell is either a single-sided solar cell or a double-sided solar cell, which is connected with the sun shield directly or indirectly through a support, and is located below the sun shield, or is connected with the frame bottom plate, and the lead wire of each power generation surface of the solar cell extends out of the frame and is electrically connected with the controller of the automatic sun-tracking machine; D. the light collector is a light collection device that can change the transmission direction of the sunlight received by itself and collect light on the solar cell, which is either a fold slope light collector, a straight-line Fresnel reflective light collector, a straight-line Fresnel refractive light collector or a parabolic light collector; (a) the fold slope light collector is a fold slope reflective light strip composed of a group of light collector strips arranged one after another on a regular fold surface-shaped base, the so-called fold strip is a strip formed by combining a plurality of fold lines with the same shape without overlapping, the length direction of each light collector strip on the fold strip is perpendicular to the length direction of the fold strip, each light collector strip is either in contact but not connected or in contact and connected with each other, the width of each light collector strip is different, and the inclination angle of the reflective surface of each light collector strip is also different; the width, inclination angle and starting position of each light collector strip can be calculated by the following four formulas: (b) the straight-line Fresnel reflective light collector, referred to as a linear Fresnel reflector, is composed of a group of reflective light collector strips that meet the straight-line Fresnel reflector rules and are distributed on a flat plate according to the light collection principle of the straight-line Fresnel reflector; (c) the straight-line Fresnel refractive light collector, referred to as a linear Fresnel lens, is composed of a group of refractive light collector strips that meet the straight-line Fresnel lens rules and are distributed on a transparent flat plate according to the light collection principle of the straight-line Fresnel lens. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ x i+1 = x i + P i cos α i ………………(2) Z i+1 = Z i + P i sin α i ………………(3) wherein x i and Z i are the starting point coordinates of the i-th strip of the folding slope concentrator, α i is the inclination angle of the i-th strip, defined as the angle between the reflecting surface of the i-th strip and the plane perpendicular to the x-Z coordinate plane, P i is the width of the i-th strip along the x-axis; the starting point coordinates of the first strip, i.e. the coordinates of the starting point of the initial strip located at the lowermost part of the slope, can be represented as x1 and Z1, x1 is the horizontal coordinate and Z1 is the vertical coordinate, and the inclination angle of the strip can be set as α1, and these initial values can be selected by oneself; L is the width of the solar cell in the length direction of the slit groove, which is a known quantity; substituting L and the set value of α1 into equation (1) can calculate the width P1 of the first strip; substituting P1, x1 and Z1, and α1 into equations (2), (3) and (4) can calculate the starting point coordinates x2 and Z2 of the second strip and its inclination angle α2; substituting α2 and L into equation (1) can calculate the width P2 of the second strip; and so on, the width P n and the inclination angle α n of the n-th strip, i.e. any number of strips, and the starting point coordinates x n and Z n can be calculated; however, the range of the inclination angle of the concentrator strip is limited, and must be within the range defined as greater than zero and less than 90°; ​ ​ (d) The parabolic light-collecting lens is a reflective band formed by merging many parabolas of the same shape without overlapping, that is, forming a short line-focusing parabolic mirror, or simply a parabolic light-collecting lens. E. A light-collecting device consisting of a U-shaped slit, a sunshade, two light-collecting mirrors, and a solar cell is called a light-collecting unit; or a light-collecting device consisting of a frame-type slit, a U-shaped plate, a sunshade, a solar cell, and two light-collecting mirrors is also called a light-collecting unit. F. The frame includes a frame base plate, a front upright plate, a rear upright plate, or may also include side upright plates, which are connected to each other to form a frame. It is the carrier of the light-collecting unit. The frame base plate occupied by the slit slot is also called the slot base plate. G. The super-accurate correction sensor may be a folded super-accurate correction sensor, a linear phenanthrene reflection super-accurate correction sensor, a linear phenanthrene refraction super-accurate correction sensor, or a projectile super-accurate correction sensor. (a) The folded super-accurate correction sensor is characterized in that: in each of its slit slots, two folded beam-collecting mirrors of the same shape are mounted symmetrically on the bottom plate of the slit slot; the vertical projection or orthographic projection line of the longitudinal centerline of the solar cell under the sunshade, that is, the centerline on the solar cell that is perpendicular to the length direction of the slit slot, on the bottom plate of the slot coincides with the axis of symmetry of the two folded beam-collecting mirrors on the bottom plate of the slit slot; the starting position, width, and tilt angle of each mirror strip contained in the two folded beam-collecting mirrors, the reflected light target determined by these parameters are all aligned with the solar cell; (b) The linear Feuerbach reflection super-accurate correction sensor is characterized in that: in each of its slit slots, two sets of linear Feuerbach mirrors of the same shape are mounted symmetrically on the bottom plate of the slit slot; the orthographic projection line of the center line of the solar cell installed under the sunshade, which is perpendicular to the length direction of the slit slot, on the bottom plate of the slit slot coincides with the axis of symmetry of the two sets of linear Feuerbach mirrors; the common focal line or focal band of the two sets of linear Feuerbach mirrors is located on the power generation surface of the solar cell. (c) The linear Feuerbachic refraction super-accurate correction sensor is characterized in that: in each of its slit slots, two sets of linear Feuerbachic lenses of the same shape are installed in a mutually symmetrical manner in the slit slot, the solar cells corresponding to the two sets of linear Feuerbachic lenses are installed on the bottom plate of the slit slot, the orthographic projection of the axis of symmetry of the two sets of linear Feuerbachic lenses on the bottom plate of the slit slot coincides with the center line of the solar cell perpendicular to the length direction of the slit slot, and the common focal line or focal band of the two sets of linear Feuerbachic lenses is located on the power generation surface of the solar cell; (d) The projectile super-accurate correction sensor is characterized in that: the projectile concentrator is composed of two mutually symmetrical mirrors, the center line of the solar cell installed under the sunshade is perpendicular to the length direction of the slit slot, the orthographic projection line on the bottom plate of the slit slot coincides with the axis of symmetry of the two projectile concentrators, and the common focal line or focal band of the two projectile concentrators is located on the power generation surface of the solar cell.

2. The sun tracking sensor according to claim 1, wherein: The light collecting unit is provided with a dustproof plate, which is a transparent flat plate connected with the front and back vertical plates and the sunshade plate of the frame, or a reverse L-shaped transparent plate connected with the sunshade plate and the connecting plate of the front and back vertical plates and the groove sealing plate of the frame.

3. The sun tracking sensor of claim 1, wherein: The frame bears one light collecting unit to form a one-way super-accurate deviation correction sensor, bears two symmetrically installed light collecting units with their windows facing each other, i.e. two windows opposite to each other, to form a two-way super-accurate deviation correction sensor, or bears multiple light collecting units symmetrically installed in positive and negative directions to form a signal amplification two-way super-accurate deviation correction sensor.

4. The sun tracking sensor of claim 3, wherein: The signal amplification two-way super-accurate deviation correction sensor is a light signal amplification two-way super-accurate deviation correction sensor, referred to as a light amplification sensor, or an electric signal amplification two-way super-accurate deviation correction sensor, referred to as an electric amplification sensor.

5. The sun tracking sensor of claim 4, wherein: The light amplification sensor is composed of two or more light collecting units in each window direction, one of which is provided with a solar cell, and the rest one or more are not provided with a solar cell. In the light collecting unit without a solar cell, a horn-shaped light inlet of a fiber bundle is installed below the sunshade plate to collect reflected light transmitted by the corresponding light collecting mirror, and the light is transmitted to the power generation surface of the double-sided solar cell of the light collecting unit with a solar cell through the fiber bundle. In the light collecting unit with a solar cell, the light outlet of the fiber bundle faces downward and is located between the sunshade plate and the solar cell. Alternatively, a horn-shaped light inlet of a fiber bundle is installed on the groove bottom plate to collect refracted light transmitted by the corresponding light collecting mirror, i.e. a line field lens, and the light is transmitted to the lower power generation surface of the double-sided solar cell of the light collecting unit with a solar cell through the fiber bundle. In the light collecting unit with a solar cell, the double-sided solar cell is located between the line field lens and the upward light outlet of the fiber bundle.

6. The sun tracking sensor of claim 4, wherein: The electric amplification sensor is composed of two or more light collecting units in each window direction, or a solar cell is installed below the sunshade plate of each light collecting unit, or a solar cell is installed on the slit groove bottom plate of each light collecting unit. The positive and negative electrodes of the two or more solar cells in the same window direction are connected in series by wires for voltage signal amplification, or connected in parallel by wires for current signal amplification.

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