Battery array and battery system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a battery array and a battery system, the battery array comprises a plurality of laminated assemblies, each laminated assembly comprises n power generation units arranged in a laminated manner, and n is an integer greater than 1; a plurality of i-th power generation units in the plurality of laminated assemblies are electrically connected to form at least one i-th photovoltaic string; the battery array further comprises a plurality of inverters, and the at least one ith photovoltaic group string is connected with the ith inverter in the plurality of inverters; wherein the ith power generation unit is any one power generation unit in the n power generation units, and i is an integer larger than 0 and smaller than or equal to n. The power generation units of different layers in the laminated assembly are respectively connected with respective inverters, so that system access of the laminated assembly can be completed on the basis of not carrying out pattern adjustment on the power generation units and not introducing new electrical elements, and the power generation adaptation loss of the different power generation units is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to battery technology field especially relates to a battery array and battery system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In order to improve the power generation efficiency of battery, different monomer batteries are often combined to supply power. For example, different types of battery components are stacked to form laminated solar components, which can further improve the existing photovoltaic energy conversion efficiency and reduce the power generation cost by two or more band gap light absorbing layers. However, for combined batteries, the electrical parameters of different types of monomer batteries are different, and the matching of battery version is difficult. In addition, the power generation conditions of different types of monomer batteries under different irradiation, different temperatures and different shielding conditions are also different, which may cause the output voltages of different layers of monomer batteries to be different, resulting in matching difficulties, low power supply efficiency and other problems when the laminated battery is connected to the battery system. SUMMARY

[0003] The utility model provides a kind of battery array and battery system, can complete the system access of laminated component, and improve the power generation adaptation loss of different power generation units thereof.

[0004] The technical solution of the utility model is as follows:

[0005] In the first aspect, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of battery array, and the battery array includes multiple laminated components, each laminated component includes n power generation units arranged in layers, and n is an integer greater than 1;

[0006] The multiple i-th power generation units in the multiple laminated components are electrically connected to form at least one i-th photovoltaic string;

[0007] The battery array further includes multiple inverters, and the at least one i-th photovoltaic string is connected to the i-th inverter in the multiple inverters.

[0008] Wherein, the i-th power generation unit is any one of the n power generation units, and i is an integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to n.

[0009] Through the above technical means, for the laminated component, take the i-th power generation unit as an example, at least one first photovoltaic string formed by electrically connecting multiple i-th power generation units is connected to the i-th inverter, that is, after electrically connecting different layers of power generation units, different inverters are connected, so that the system access of laminated component can be completed without adjusting the version of power generation unit and introducing new electrical elements. Not only can the mismatching of different power generation units be improved and the system cost be reduced as much as possible, but also the wiring difficulty can be reduced compared to connecting to the same inverter, and the power generation adaptation loss of different power generation units in the laminated component can also be reduced.

[0010] In some embodiments, each inverter includes at least one DC port, and each DC port includes a positive input end and a negative input end; when the number of the ith inverters is one, the at least one first photovoltaic group string is respectively connected to the positive input end and the negative input end of the at least one DC port of the ith inverter; or, when the number of the ith inverters is multiple, the multiple first photovoltaic group strings are respectively connected to the multiple ith inverters.

[0011] Through the above technical means, taking the ith power generation unit in the laminated assembly as an example, after the multiple ith power generation units are electrically connected, they can be respectively connected to the multiple ith inverters or the at least one DC port of the ith inverter, so that the system connection of the laminated assembly can be completed without adjusting the version of the power generation unit and introducing new electrical elements, the power generation adaptation loss of different photovoltaic power generation units is reduced as much as possible, and by selecting a suitable inverter, the system cost can also be reduced as much as possible.

[0012] In some embodiments, the n power generation units include first power generation units and second power generation units; the multiple first power generation units in the multiple laminated assemblies are electrically connected to form at least one first photovoltaic group string, and the at least one first photovoltaic group string is connected to a first inverter in the multiple inverters; the multiple second power generation units in the multiple laminated assemblies are electrically connected to form at least one second photovoltaic group string, and the at least one second photovoltaic group string is connected to a second inverter in the multiple inverters.

[0013] Through the above technical means, for the laminated assembly, the at least one first photovoltaic group string formed by electrically connecting the first power generation units in the laminated assembly is connected to the first inverter in the multiple inverters, and the at least one second photovoltaic group string formed by electrically connecting the second power generation units in the laminated assembly is connected to the second inverter in the multiple inverters, that is, after the power generation units of different layers are electrically connected, they are connected to different inverters, so that the system connection of the laminated assembly can be completed without adjusting the version of the power generation unit and introducing new electrical elements, which not only can improve the mismatching of different power generation units and reduce the system cost as much as possible, but also can reduce the wiring difficulty compared to connecting to the same inverter, and can also reduce the power generation adaptation loss of different power generation units in the laminated assembly.

[0014] In some embodiments, in the battery array, the number of the first inverters is related to the total power of the multiple first power generation units; the number of the second inverters is related to the total power of the multiple second power generation units.

[0015] According to the total power of the different layers of the power generation units in the stacked assembly, the total rated capacity of the corresponding layer inverters can be determined, so that appropriate capacity inverters and the number of corresponding inverters can be selected for the different layers of power generation units, so that the mismatch of different power generation units can be improved, and the system cost can be reduced as much as possible, and resource waste can be avoided.

[0016] In some embodiments, when the number of first inverters is one, the at least one first photovoltaic group string is respectively connected to the positive input end and the negative input end of the at least one direct current port of the first inverter; or, when the number of second inverters is one, the at least one second photovoltaic group string is respectively connected to the positive input end and the negative input end of the at least one direct current port of the second inverter.

[0017] According to the above technical means, after the power generation units of different layers are electrically connected and then connected to the direct current ports of different inverters, the system access of the stacked assembly can be completed without adjusting the version of the power generation units and introducing new electrical elements, the power generation adaptation loss of different photovoltaic power generation units can be reduced as much as possible, and by selecting appropriate inverters, the system cost can be reduced as much as possible.

[0018] In some embodiments, when the number of first inverters is multiple, the multiple first photovoltaic group strings are respectively connected to the multiple first inverters; or, when the number of second inverters is multiple, the multiple second photovoltaic group strings are respectively connected to the multiple second inverters.

[0019] According to the above technical means, according to the determined number of inverters, the power generation units of different layers are electrically connected and then connected to different inverters, so that the system access of the stacked assembly can be completed without adjusting the version of the power generation units and introducing new electrical elements, the power generation adaptation loss of different photovoltaic power generation units can be reduced as much as possible, and by selecting appropriate inverters and corresponding number, the system cost can be reduced as much as possible.

[0020] In some embodiments, a plurality of first power generation units are connected in series to form a first photovoltaic sub-string, and a plurality of first photovoltaic sub-strings are connected in series and / or parallel to form a first photovoltaic group string; a plurality of second power generation units are connected in series to form a second photovoltaic sub-string, and a plurality of second photovoltaic sub-strings are connected in series and / or parallel to form a second photovoltaic group string.

[0021] By means of the above technical means, no matter the first power generation unit or the second power generation unit, a plurality of power generation units of the same type are connected in series to form a photovoltaic sub-string, and then a plurality of photovoltaic sub-strings are connected in series and / or in parallel to form corresponding photovoltaic strings (for example, the first photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string). Since the obtained first photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string are connected to different inverters, the system connection of the laminated assembly can be completed without adjusting the power generation unit version and introducing new electrical elements, and the power generation adaptation loss of different power generation units in the laminated assembly can be reduced.

[0022] In some embodiments, the battery array further includes a plurality of battery racks, each battery rack being used for placing the laminated assembly; the number of the plurality of battery racks is related to the number of the plurality of laminated assemblies and the number of the laminated assemblies accommodated by each battery rack.

[0023] By means of the above technical means, the battery array can include a plurality of battery racks for placing the plurality of laminated assemblies, and the number of the battery racks is related to the number of the plurality of laminated assemblies in the battery array and the number of the laminated assemblies accommodated by each battery rack, so that the site can be saved and resource waste can be avoided.

[0024] In some embodiments, the number of the laminated assemblies accommodated by the battery rack is an integer multiple of the number of the first power generation units included in the first photovoltaic sub-string, and the number of the laminated assemblies accommodated by the battery rack is an integer multiple of the number of the second power generation units included in the second photovoltaic sub-string.

[0025] By means of the above technical means, since the number of the photovoltaic sub-strings composed of the same type of power generation units in each battery rack is an integer, each battery rack can include an integer number of first photovoltaic strings and an integer number of second photovoltaic strings, the connection of the first photovoltaic string / second photovoltaic string can be completed without crossing the battery rack, the assembly is relatively simple, and the wiring difficulty is reduced.

[0026] In some embodiments, the number of the laminated assemblies accommodated by the battery rack is equal to the product of the least common multiple of the number of the first power generation units included in the first photovoltaic sub-string and the number of the second power generation units included in the second photovoltaic sub-string and a preset integer.

[0027] By means of the above technical means, since the number of the laminated assemblies accommodated by a single battery rack is equal to the product of the least common multiple of the number of the first power generation units included in the first photovoltaic sub-string and the number of the second power generation units included in the second photovoltaic sub-string and a preset integer, each battery rack can include an integer number of first photovoltaic strings and an integer number of second photovoltaic strings, the design is relatively flexible, the photovoltaic string can be avoided to cross different battery racks, and the wiring difficulty is reduced.

[0028] In some embodiments, the first photovoltaic sub-string contains a number of first power generation units and the second photovoltaic sub-string contains a number of second power generation units, and the number of the first power generation units and the number of the second power generation units have an integral multiple relationship.

[0029] By means of the above technical means, since the number of the first power generation units contained in the first photovoltaic sub-string and the number of the second power generation units contained in the second photovoltaic sub-string have an integral multiple relationship, each cell support can include an integral number of first photovoltaic strings and an integral number of second photovoltaic strings, which not only makes the design more flexible, but also avoids the case that the photovoltaic strings span different cell supports, thereby reducing the wiring difficulty.

[0030] In some embodiments, the plurality of stacked assemblies are arranged in an array, and the row direction of the array is the first direction, the column direction of the array is the second direction, the first direction is perpendicular to the third direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the third direction; the first power generation units and the second power generation units are stacked along the third direction, and the second power generation units are arranged on the light-emitting side of the first power generation units; all the first power generation units in the plurality of stacked assemblies are of the same type, and all the second power generation units in the plurality of stacked assemblies are of the same type.

[0031] By means of the above technical means, after the power generation units in different layers of the stacked assembly are electrically connected and connected to different inverters, the system access of the stacked battery can be realized without adjusting the version of the power generation unit and introducing new electrical elements, and the mismatch problem of different types of power generation units can be improved.

[0032] In some embodiments, each stacked assembly further includes a third power generation unit, wherein: the first power generation unit, the second power generation unit, and the third power generation unit are stacked along the third direction, and the third power generation unit is located on the light-emitting side of the second power generation unit; a plurality of third power generation units in the plurality of stacked assemblies are electrically connected to form at least one third photovoltaic string, and the at least one third photovoltaic string is connected to a third inverter in the plurality of inverters.

[0033] By means of the above technical means, after the power generation units in different layers of the stacked assembly (such as the first power generation unit, the second power generation unit, and the third power generation unit) are electrically connected and connected to different inverters, the system access of the stacked assembly can be completed without adjusting the version of the power generation unit and introducing new electrical elements, which not only can improve the mismatch of different power generation units and reduce the system cost as much as possible, but also can reduce the wiring difficulty compared to connecting to the same inverter, and can also reduce the power generation adaptation loss of different power generation units in the stacked assembly.

[0034] In a second aspect, the utility model provides a kind of battery system, and battery system includes the battery array as described in the first aspect.

[0035] By the above technical means, after the electrical connection of the power generation units of different layers in the stacked assembly in the battery array, different inverters are connected, so that the system connection of the stacked assembly can be completed without adjusting the power generation unit version and introducing new electrical elements, which not only can improve the mismatch of different power generation units and reduce the system cost as much as possible, but also can reduce the wiring difficulty compared with connecting the same inverter, and can also reduce the power generation adaptation loss of different power generation units in the stacked assembly, and improve the system power generation efficiency.

[0036] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are only exemplary and explanatory, but not limiting the technical scheme of the utility model. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 Structure diagram of the power generation unit, the stacked assembly and the photovoltaic module string;

[0038] Figure 2 Structure diagram of the stacked assembly provided by the embodiment of the utility model Figure 1 ;

[0039] Figure 3 Structure diagram of the stacked assembly provided by the embodiment of the utility model

[0040] Figure 4 Structure diagram of the stacked assembly provided by the embodiment of the utility model Figure 2 ;

[0041] Figure 5 Structure diagram of the stacked assembly provided by the embodiment of the utility model Figure 3 ;

[0042] Figure 6 Structure diagram of the stacked assembly provided by the embodiment of the utility model Figure 4 ;

[0043] Figure 7 Structure diagram of the stacked assembly provided by the embodiment of the utility model Figure 5 ;

[0044] Figure 8 Structure diagram of the stacked assembly provided by the embodiment of the utility model Figure 6 ;

[0045] Figure 9 Structure diagram of the stacked assembly provided by the embodiment of the utility model Figure 7 ;

[0046] Figure 10The utility model provides a kind of battery array's composition structure schematic diagram provided for the embodiment of the utility model Figure 8 ;

[0047] Figure 11 The utility model provides a kind of battery array's composition structure schematic diagram provided for the embodiment of the utility model Figure 9 ;

[0048] Figure 12 The utility model provides a kind of battery support's connection structure schematic diagram provided for the embodiment of the utility model;

[0049] Figure 13 The utility model provides a kind of battery system's composition structure schematic diagram provided for the embodiment of the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In order to be able to more detailedly understand the characteristics and technical contents of the embodiments of the utility model, the implementation of the embodiments of the utility model is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings, and the attached drawings are only for reference, and are not used to limit the embodiments of the utility model.

[0051] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the utility model belongs. The terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the embodiments of the utility model, and are not intended to limit the utility model.

[0052] In the following description, "some embodiments" are involved, which describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it can be understood that "some embodiments" can be the same subset or different subset of all possible embodiments, and can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0053] It also needs to be pointed out that the terms "first, second and third" involved in the embodiments of the utility model are only used to distinguish similar objects, and do not represent the specific order of the objects. It can be understood that "first, second and third" can be interchanged in specific order or sequence as allowed, so that the embodiments of the utility model described here can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described here.

[0054] In addition, in the embodiments of the utility model, it also needs to be understood that the directions such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, perpendicular, horizontal" and "top, bottom" and the like indicated by the directions or position relationship shown in the drawings are usually based on the directions or position relationship shown in the drawings, only for the convenience of describing the utility model and simplifying the description, without making the opposite statement, these direction words do not indicate and imply that the indicated device or element must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific direction, so it cannot be understood as a limitation on the protection scope of the utility model; The direction words "inner, outer" refer to the inner and outer of the contour of each component itself.

[0055] For purposes of the description hereinafter, spatially relative terms, such as "above", "below", "upper", "lower", and the like, can be used to describe the relative position of one element or feature to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientations depicted in the figures. For example, if a device is inverted in the figures, the element described as "above" or "up" the other element or feature would then be oriented "below" or "down" the other element or feature. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device can be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

[0056] It will be understood that when a component is referred to as being "on" or "connected to" another component, it can be directly on, connected to, or in contact with the other component, or intervening components can be present. In contrast, when a component is referred to as being "electrically connected to" or "electrically coupled to" another component, it is not necessarily in direct contact with the other component, and an intervening component can be present. In addition, spatially relative terms, such as "on", "above", "below", "up", "down", "right", "left", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "lateral", "longitudinal", "front", "rear", "forward", "backward", "inward", "outward", "radial", "peripheral", "axial", "proximal", "distal", and the like, can be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientations depicted in the figures. For example, if a device is inverted in the figures, the element described as "above" or "up" the other element or feature would then be oriented "below" or "down" the other element or feature. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device can be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

[0057] The related terms and related technologies of the present application are introduced as follows.

[0058] Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET or MOS for short);

[0059] Insulate-Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT);

[0060] Maximum power point tracking (MPPT).

[0061] Reference is made to Figure 1 The battery concept involved in the present application is described as follows:

[0062] (1) Power generating unit

[0063] A power generating unit refers to a basic unit capable of realizing mutual conversion between other forms of energy and electrical energy, such as a sub-cell composed of a bottom electrode, a semiconductor layer, and a top electrode in a thin-film battery (e.g., a perovskite battery) (separated and connected in series and parallel through P1, P2, and P3 scribing grooves in the preparation process), or a battery piece in a non-thin-film battery (e.g., a crystalline silicon battery). Generally, a power generating unit will not be independently connected to a positive electrode and a negative electrode, but will be connected in series and parallel to form a power generating unit and then independently connected to a positive electrode and a negative electrode. Figure 1 Only a full series connection structure of a perovskite power generating unit is shown as an example, but this does not constitute a relevant limitation.

[0064] (2) Power generating unit

[0065] Please refer to Figure 1 A power generating unit refers to the smallest unit with independent positive and negative electrodes, formed by connecting multiple power generating units in series and parallel.

[0066] (3) Laminated assembly

[0067] Please refer to Figure 1 The upper and lower power generating units are stacked to form a stacked assembly. The above is only an example, and the stacked assembly can include more stacked power generating units.

[0068] (4) Photovoltaic string

[0069] Please refer to Figure 1 Multiple stacked assemblies form a battery array. The power generating units in the upper layer of each stacked assembly are electrically connected (e.g., in series and parallel, without limitation on the specific form) to form a photovoltaic string, and the power generating units in the lower layer are electrically connected (e.g., in series and parallel, without limitation on the specific form) to form a photovoltaic string, i.e., the photovoltaic string only includes power generating units in the same layer.

[0070] Compared with a single-layer assembly, a stacked assembly (e.g., a stacked solar assembly or a "stacked photovoltaic cell") can further improve the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic energy and reduce the cost of power generation by having two or more light-absorbing layers with different band gaps. However, the existing access scheme for stacked assemblies cannot solve the interlayer mismatch problem of stacked assemblies; although the mismatch problem can be solved by a power optimizer, it will cause an increase in system cost.

[0071] Exemplarily, for the laminated assembly of the upper layer adopting the transparent perovskite battery and the lower layer adopting the crystalline silicon battery, on the one hand, the perovskite assembly and the crystalline silicon assembly are different in electrical parameters, and certain layout design needs to be performed for matching, and the matching requirements for voltage or current are high. Specifically, the matching of voltage and current both need to cut and series-parallel connection design of the battery, and it is currently difficult for the perovskite assembly, and has certain influence on the efficiency and stability; on the other hand, under different irradiation, different temperature and different shading conditions, the power generation conditions of the upper and lower layers of the power generation unit are different, and the optimal working points of the two are deviated, and if the upper and lower layers are directly connected, a certain mismatch loss will be caused; on the other hand, the perovskite battery and the crystalline silicon battery are different in performance decay rate and power generation performance, and the mismatch loss proportion caused by different decay rates in the whole life cycle cannot be ignored; on the other hand, the upper and lower layers of the power generation unit are different in voltage, and there is a problem that the upper and lower layers of the power generation unit form a loop to generate internal current, which causes damage to the battery.

[0072] In this way, when the perovskite / crystalline silicon laminated battery is connected to the photovoltaic system, for the above problems, the following ways are mainly used to solve the problems: the first way is to perform electrical parameter design of the perovskite assembly, such as matching the electrical parameters of different power generation units through layout design, but this method cannot solve the adaptation problem under the conditions of shadow shading or irradiation change; the second way is to increase electrical elements, such as power optimizer, anti-reverse diode, micro-inverter and the like, but this method brings higher cost increase; the third way is to modify the system connection scheme to reduce the adaptation loss as much as possible.

[0073] Based on this, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of battery array and battery system, the battery array includes multiple laminated assemblies, each laminated assembly includes the n power generation units of layering, and n is the integer greater than 1;Multiple i-th power generation units in multiple laminated assemblies are connected to form at least one i-th photovoltaic string;At least one i-th photovoltaic string is connected with i-th inverter in multiple inverters;Wherein, i-th power generation unit is any one of n power generation units, and i is the integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to n.It is in this way, different layers of power generation unit in laminated assembly are connected with respective inverter, to be able to complete the system connection of laminated assembly on the basis of not performing power generation unit layout adjustment and not introducing new electrical element, not only can improve the mismatching of different power generation units thereof and reduce system cost as much as possible, but also compared to access the same inverter can reduce wiring difficulty, and also can reduce the power generation adaptation loss of different power generation units in laminated assembly.

[0074] The utility model will be further explained in detail in connection with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0075] In an embodiment of the utility model, Figure 2The utility model provides a kind of battery array's composition structure diagram for the embodiment of the utility model Figure 1 As shown in Figure 2 Battery array 10 can include a plurality of stacked components (numbered 101-108 in Figure 2 Figure 2 Only battery array 10 containing 8 stacked components is shown, but the number of stacked components is not limited, and can be less than or much greater than this number.

[0076] In Figure 2 Each stacked component can include n power generation units (such as first power generation unit, … i-th power generation unit, … n-th power generation unit) stacked, and n is an integer greater than 1. Exemplarily, first power generation unit (numbered 201-208 in Figure 2 , … i-th power generation unit (numbered 601-608 in Figure 2 , … n-th power generation unit (numbered 801-808 in Figure 2 ) are arranged in order along the third direction. Wherein, the i-th power generation unit is any one of the n power generation units, and i is an integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to n.

[0077] Exemplarily, assuming n = 2, then the stacked component can include a first power generation unit and a second power generation unit, the second power generation unit is arranged on the light exit side of the first power generation unit. Please refer to Figure 3 , sunlight enters from the light receiving side of the overall stacked component, and then exits from the light exit side of the overall stacked component via the first power generation unit and the second power generation unit. The first power generation unit has independent positive output + and negative output -, and the second power generation unit has independent positive output + and negative output -, that is, each stacked component has four-terminal output.

[0078] In the embodiment of the utility model, the plurality of stacked components are arranged in an array, and the row direction of the array is the first direction, the column direction of the array is the second direction, the first direction is perpendicular to the third direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the third direction. The third direction is perpendicular to the light receiving surface and the light emitting surface of the stacked component.

[0079] In the embodiment of the utility model, a plurality of first power generation units in the plurality of stacked components are electrically connected (the connection mode is not limited, Figure 2 Only one example is shown) to form at least one first photovoltaic string. Exemplarily, Figure 2 Take an example of a first photovoltaic string including four first power generation units, that is, first power generation unit 201-first power generation unit 204 form first photovoltaic string 1, and first power generation unit 205-first power generation unit 208 form first photovoltaic string 2.

[0080] ​In the embodiment of the utility model, multiple i th power generation units in multiple laminated assemblies are electrically connected (not limited to series-parallel connection mode, Figure 2 to form at least one i th photovoltaic string. Exemplarily, Figure 2 Take an example that the i th photovoltaic string includes four i th power generation units, that is, i th power generation unit 601-i th power generation unit 604 form i th photovoltaic string 1, and i th power generation unit 605-i th power generation unit 608 form i th photovoltaic string 2.

[0081] In the embodiment of the utility model, multiple n th power generation units in multiple laminated assemblies are electrically connected (not limited to series-parallel connection mode, Figure 2 to form at least one n th photovoltaic string. Exemplarily, Figure 2 Take an example that the n th photovoltaic string includes four n th power generation units, that is, n th power generation unit 801-n th power generation unit 804 form n th photovoltaic string 1, and n th power generation unit 805-n th power generation unit 808 form n th photovoltaic string 2.

[0082] In the embodiment of the utility model, the battery array 10 can further include multiple inverters, for example Figure 2 at least one first inverter, at least one i th inverter and at least one n th inverter. Wherein, taking at least one i th inverter as an example, at least one i th inverter can include one or more i th inverters. Here, at least one first photovoltaic string is connected with the first inverter in multiple inverters, at least one i th photovoltaic string is connected with the i th inverter in multiple inverters, and so on, at least one n th photovoltaic string is connected with the n th inverter in multiple inverters.

[0083] It should be noted that the first inverter, … the i th inverter, … the n th inverter are not the same inverter. That is to say, for the first inverter, … the i th inverter, … the n th inverter, it can be different inverters with same model, same power size and same parameters (for example, different inverter numbers), or it can be different inverters with different model, different power size and different parameters, which is not limited here.

[0084] In this way, in the battery array 10, for the stacked assembly, taking the i-th power generation unit in the stacked assembly as an example, at least one first photovoltaic group string formed by electrically connecting a plurality of i-th power generation units is correspondingly connected to the i-th inverter, that is, after the power generation units of different layers are electrically connected, different inverters are connected, so that the system connection of the stacked assembly can be completed without adjusting the power generation unit version and introducing new electrical elements, not only can the mismatching of different power generation units be improved and the system cost be reduced as much as possible, but also the wiring difficulty can be reduced compared with connecting to the same inverter, and the power generation adaptation loss of different power generation units in the stacked assembly can be reduced.

[0085] In some embodiments, the number of i-th inverters is related to the total power of the plurality of i-th power generation units.

[0086] In the embodiment of the utility model, it is assumed that the i-th power generation unit forms the i-th layer in the stacked assembly, and due to the difference of different layers of power generation units, the total power of each layer can be the same or different. Here, the electrical parameters of each layer in the stacked assembly can be the same or different. Each layer can have the same or different power generation characteristics, wherein the power generation characteristics can refer to weak light characteristics, temperature characteristics, attenuation characteristics and the like, and special power generation characteristics possessed by certain specific kinds of photovoltaic cells, for example, the hysteresis characteristics possessed by perovskite cells.

[0087] In the embodiment of the utility model, the power here can be direct current power. In the photovoltaic system, the capacity ratio (also referred to as the direct current / alternating current ratio, DC / AC ratio) can refer to the ratio of the total direct current power in the photovoltaic system to the rated capacity (or referred to as "alternating current power") of the inverter. For the capacity ratio of each layer of power generation units, it can be equal to the total direct current power (DC) of each layer of power generation units / the total rated capacity (AC) of the inverter.

[0088] Exemplarily, it is assumed that the number of stacked assemblies is N, if the direct current power of the i-th power generation unit is P_i, then the total direct current power of the plurality of i-th power generation units is P_i_total=P_i*N. Considering the capacity ratio k_i corresponding to the i-th power generation unit, the total rated capacity P_ac_i of the i-th layer inverter can be calculated as P_i*N / k_i.

[0089] In this case, it is assumed that the i-th layer of the stacked assembly selects the i-th inverter, and the rated capacity of the i-th inverter is Pac_i, then the number of first inverters p=P_ac_i / Pac_i.

[0090] In this way, the total rated capacity of the corresponding layer inverter can be determined according to the total power of the different layers of power generation units in the laminated assembly, so that the inverter with a suitable capacity and the number of corresponding inverters can be selected for different layers of power generation units, so that the mismatch of different power generation units can be improved, and the system cost can be reduced as much as possible, and resource waste can be avoided.

[0091] It should be noted that in the battery array 10, each inverter can include at least one DC port, and each DC port includes a positive input end (+) and a negative input end (-). Each photovoltaic group string can include a positive output end and a negative output end. Exemplarily, the positive output end and the negative output end of the i-th photovoltaic group string are connected to the positive input end and the negative input end of one DC port of the i-th inverter.

[0092] In some embodiments, when the number of i-th inverters is one, at least one i-th photovoltaic group string is connected to the positive input end and the negative input end of at least one DC port of the i-th inverter, respectively; or, when the number of i-th inverters is multiple and the number of i-th photovoltaic group strings is multiple, multiple i-th photovoltaic group strings are connected to multiple i-th inverters, respectively.

[0093] Through the above technical means, taking the i-th power generation unit in the laminated assembly as an example, after electrical connection of multiple i-th power generation units, the multiple i-th inverters or at least one DC port of the i-th inverter can be connected, so that the system connection of the laminated assembly can be completed without adjusting the version of the power generation unit and introducing new electrical elements, the power generation adaptation loss of different photovoltaic power generation units can be reduced as much as possible, and by selecting a suitable inverter, the system cost can be reduced as much as possible.

[0094] In a specific embodiment, taking two power generation units (i.e. n=2) as an example, each laminated assembly includes a first power generation unit and a second power generation unit. Referring to Figure 4 , the upper surface (the light receiving side of the whole laminated assembly), the first power generation unit (numbered 201-208 in Figure 4 ), the second power generation unit (numbered 301-308 in Figure 4 ) and the lower surface (the light emitting side of the whole laminated assembly) are arranged in the third direction in sequence, i.e. the second power generation unit is arranged on the light emitting side of the first power generation unit.

[0095] In the embodiment of the present application, the multiple first power generation units in the multiple laminated assemblies are electrically connected (the series-parallel connection mode is not limited, Figure 4 only one example) to form at least one first photovoltaic group string. Exemplarily, Figure 4Taking the first photovoltaic string as an example, which includes four first power generation units, the first power generation units 201 to 204 form the first photovoltaic string 1, and the first power generation units 205 to 208 form the first photovoltaic string 2.

[0096] In this embodiment of the invention, multiple second power generation units in multiple stacked components are electrically connected (series or parallel connection method is not limited). Figure 4 (This is just an illustration) forming at least one second photovoltaic string. For example, Figure 4 Taking the second photovoltaic string as an example, which includes four second power generation units, the second power generation units 301 to 304 form the second photovoltaic string 1, and the second power generation units 305 to 308 form the second photovoltaic string 2.

[0097] In this embodiment of the invention, the battery array 10 may further include multiple inverters, for example... Figure 4 The system comprises at least one first inverter 11 and at least one second inverter 12. The at least one first inverter 11 may include one or more first inverters, and the at least one second inverter 12 may include one or more second inverters, wherein the first inverters and the second inverters are different. Here, at least one first photovoltaic string is connected to the first inverter among the multiple inverters, and at least one second photovoltaic string is connected to the second inverter among the multiple inverters.

[0098] In this way, in the battery array 10, for the tandem module, at least one first photovoltaic string formed by electrically connecting the first power generation units is connected to the first inverter among multiple inverters, and at least one second photovoltaic string formed by electrically connecting the second power generation units is connected to the second inverter among multiple inverters. That is, after electrically connecting the power generation units of different layers in the tandem module, they are connected to different inverters. This allows the system connection of the tandem module to be completed without adjusting the power generation unit layout or introducing new electrical components. This not only improves the mismatch between different power generation units and minimizes system costs, but also reduces wiring difficulty compared to connecting to the same inverter, and also reduces the power generation adaptation loss of different power generation units in the tandem module.

[0099] In some embodiments, the number of first inverters is related to the total power of the plurality of first power generation units; the number of second inverters is related to the total power of the plurality of second power generation units.

[0100] In this embodiment of the invention, it is assumed that the first power generation unit forms the first layer of the stacked module, and the second power generation unit forms the second layer of the stacked module. Due to the differences between the first and second power generation units, the total power of each layer may be the same or different. Here, the electrical parameters of each layer in the stacked module may be the same or different. Each layer may have the same or different power generation characteristics, which may refer to weak light characteristics, temperature characteristics, degradation characteristics, etc., as well as the special power generation characteristics of certain types of photovoltaic cells, such as the hysteresis characteristics of perovskite cells.

[0101] In this embodiment of the invention, the power here can be DC power. In a photovoltaic system, the capacity ratio (also known as the DC / AC ratio) can refer to the ratio of the total DC power in the photovoltaic system to the rated capacity (or "AC power") of the inverter. For the capacity ratio of each layer of power generation units, it can be equal to the total DC power (DC) of each layer of power generation units / the total rated capacity (AC) of the inverter.

[0102] For example, assuming the number of cascaded modules is N, if the DC power of the first power generation unit is P_1, then the total DC power of the multiple first power generation units is P_1_total = P_1 * N. Considering the capacity ratio k_1 corresponding to the first power generation unit, the total rated capacity of the first layer inverter can be calculated as P_ac_1 = P_1 * N / k_1. If the DC power of the second power generation unit is P_2, then the total DC power of the multiple second power generation units is P_2_total = P_2 * N. Considering the capacity ratio k_2 corresponding to the second power generation unit, the total rated capacity of the second layer inverter can be calculated as P_ac_2 = P_2 * N / k_2.

[0103] In this case, assuming that the first layer of the tandem module is selected as the first inverter and the rated capacity of the first inverter is Pac_1, then the number of first inverters is p = P_ac_1 / Pac_1; assuming that the second layer of the tandem module is selected as the second inverter and the rated capacity of the second inverter is Pac_2, then the number of second inverters is q = P_ac_2 / Pac_2.

[0104] In this way, the total rated capacity of the inverters in the corresponding layers can be determined based on the total power of the power generation units in different layers of the tandem module. This allows for the selection of inverters with appropriate capacities and the corresponding number of inverters for different layers of power generation units. This can improve the mismatch between different power generation units, reduce system costs as much as possible, and avoid resource waste.

[0105] It should be noted that in the battery array 10, each inverter may include at least one DC port, and each DC port includes a positive input terminal (+) and a negative input terminal (-). Each photovoltaic string may include a positive output terminal and a negative output terminal. For example, the positive and negative output terminals of the first photovoltaic string are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of a DC port of the first inverter, and the positive and negative output terminals of the second photovoltaic string are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of a DC port of the second inverter.

[0106] It should also be noted that the total power of the multiple first power generation units determines whether the number of first inverters is one or multiple; similarly, the total power of the multiple second power generation units determines whether the number of second inverters is one or multiple. Several possible implementation methods are described below.

[0107] In one possible implementation, the number of first inverters can be determined as one based on the total power of the multiple first power generation units.

[0108] In this implementation, when there is one first inverter and at least one first photovoltaic string, at least one first photovoltaic string is connected to the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of at least one DC port of the first inverter, respectively.

[0109] In one specific embodiment, it is assumed that the number of first inverters, p, is equal to 1, and the number of first photovoltaic strings is 2. For example, with... Figure 5 For example, this could include a first inverter 1 (in Figure 5 (numbered 111) and 2 first photovoltaic strings (such as Figure 5 The first power generation units 201 to 204 form a first photovoltaic string 1, and the first power generation units 205 to 208 form a first photovoltaic string 2. The first inverter 1 includes a first DC port A and a second DC port B. Correspondingly, the positive and negative output terminals of the first photovoltaic string 1 are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the first DC port A in the first inverter 1, and the positive and negative output terminals of the first photovoltaic string 2 are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the second DC port B in the first inverter 1.

[0110] In another specific embodiment, it is assumed that the number of first inverters, p, is equal to 1, and the number of first photovoltaic strings is 1. For example, with... Figure 6 For example, this could include a first inverter 1 (in Figure 6 (numbered 111) and one first photovoltaic string (e.g.) Figure 6The first power generation units 201 to 208 shown form the first photovoltaic string 1. Correspondingly, the positive output terminal and negative output terminal of the first photovoltaic string 1 are connected to the positive input terminal and negative input terminal of the first DC port A in the first inverter 1.

[0111] In another possible implementation, the number of second inverters can be determined as one based on the total power of the multiple second power generation units.

[0112] In this implementation, when there is one second inverter and at least one second photovoltaic string, at least one second photovoltaic string is connected to the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of at least one DC port of the second inverter, respectively.

[0113] In one specific embodiment, it is assumed that the number of second inverters, q, is equal to 1, and the number of second photovoltaic strings is 2. For example, still using... Figure 5 For example, this may also include a second inverter 1 (in Figure 5 (numbered 121) and 2 second photovoltaic strings (such as Figure 5 The second power generation units 301 to 304 form a second photovoltaic string 1, and the second power generation units 305 to 308 form a second photovoltaic string 2. The second inverter 1 includes a first DC port C and a second DC port D. Correspondingly, the positive and negative output terminals of the second photovoltaic string 1 are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the second DC port D in the second inverter 1, and the positive and negative output terminals of the second photovoltaic string 2 are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the first DC port C in the second inverter 1.

[0114] In another specific embodiment, it is assumed that the number of second inverters, q, is equal to 1, and the number of second photovoltaic strings is 1. For example, still using... Figure 6 For example, this may also include a second inverter 1 (in Figure 6 (numbered 121) and one second photovoltaic string (such as Figure 6 The second power generation units 301 to 308 shown form the second photovoltaic string 1. Correspondingly, the positive output terminal and negative output terminal of the second photovoltaic string 1 are connected to the positive input terminal and negative input terminal of the first DC port C in the second inverter 1.

[0115] It should be noted that if there is only one first inverter, the number of DC ports connected to at least one first photovoltaic string is related to the operating parameters (e.g., operating voltage, operating current, rated power, etc.) of each DC port of the first inverter. For example, if the operating parameters of the first DC port of the first inverter meet the power requirements of at least one first photovoltaic string, then at least one first photovoltaic string can be electrically connected (e.g., series or parallel connection is not limited) to form a single first photovoltaic string, and then connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the first DC port of the first inverter. Otherwise, if the operating parameters of the first DC port of the first inverter cannot meet the power requirements of at least one first photovoltaic string, then at least one first photovoltaic string can be connected to the positive and negative input terminals of at least one DC port of the first inverter.

[0116] It should also be noted that if there is only one second inverter, the number of DC ports connected to at least one second photovoltaic string is related to the operating parameters (e.g., operating voltage, operating current, rated power, etc.) of each DC port of the second inverter. For example, if the operating parameters of the first DC port of the second inverter meet the power requirements of at least one second photovoltaic string, then at least one second photovoltaic string can be electrically connected (e.g., series or parallel connection is not limited) to form a second photovoltaic string, and then connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the first DC port of the second inverter. Otherwise, if the operating parameters of the first DC port of the second inverter cannot meet the power requirements of at least one second photovoltaic string, then at least one second photovoltaic string can be connected to the positive and negative input terminals of at least one DC port of the second inverter.

[0117] Thus, when there is only one first inverter, at least one first photovoltaic string is connected to the positive and negative input terminals of at least one DC port of the first inverter, respectively; when there is only one second inverter, at least one second photovoltaic string is connected to the positive and negative input terminals of at least one DC port of the second inverter, respectively. After electrically connecting the power generation units of different layers in the tandem module to the DC ports of different inverters, the system access of the tandem module can be completed without adjusting the power generation unit layout or introducing new electrical components, minimizing the power generation adaptation loss of different photovoltaic power generation units. Moreover, by selecting appropriate inverters and their corresponding quantities, the system cost can be reduced as much as possible.

[0118] In another possible implementation, the number of first inverters can be determined based on the total power of the multiple first power generation units.

[0119] In this implementation, when there are multiple first inverters and multiple first photovoltaic strings, the multiple first photovoltaic strings are respectively connected to the multiple first inverters.

[0120] In one specific embodiment, it is assumed that the number of first inverters, p, is equal to 2, and the number of first photovoltaic strings is 2. For example, with... Figure 7 For example, this could include a first inverter 1 (in Figure 7 Numbered 111), first inverter 2 (in Figure 7 (numbered 112) and 2 first photovoltaic strings (such as Figure 7 The first power generation units 201 to 204 form a first photovoltaic string 1, and the first power generation units 205 to 208 form a first photovoltaic string 2. Accordingly, the positive and negative output terminals of the first photovoltaic string 1 are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of a DC port in the first inverter 1, and the positive and negative output terminals of the first photovoltaic string 2 are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of a DC port in the first inverter 2.

[0121] In another specific embodiment, it is assumed that the number of first inverters, p, is equal to 2, and the number of first photovoltaic strings is 4. For example, with... Figure 8 For example, this could include a first inverter 1 (in Figure 8 Numbered 111), first inverter 2 (in Figure 8 (numbered 112) and 4 first photovoltaic strings (such as Figure 8 The first power generation units 201 to 202 form a first photovoltaic string 1, the first power generation units 203 to 204 form a first photovoltaic string 2, the first power generation units 205 to 206 form a first photovoltaic string 3, and the first power generation units 207 to 208 form a first photovoltaic string 4. Correspondingly, the positive and negative output terminals of the first photovoltaic string 1 are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the first DC port in the first inverter 1; the positive and negative output terminals of the first photovoltaic string 2 are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the second DC port in the first inverter 1; the positive and negative output terminals of the first photovoltaic string 3 are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the first DC port in the first inverter 2; and the positive and negative output terminals of the first photovoltaic string 4 are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of the second DC port in the first inverter 2.

[0122] In this implementation, when there are multiple second inverters and multiple second photovoltaic strings, the multiple second photovoltaic strings are respectively connected to the multiple second inverters.

[0123] In one specific embodiment, it is assumed that the number of second inverters, q, is equal to 2, and the number of second photovoltaic strings is 2. For example, still using... Figure 7 or Figure 8 For example, this may also include a second inverter 1 (in Figure 7 or Figure 8 The second inverter 2 (numbered 121 in the middle) is located in the middle of the second inverter 2. Figure 7 or Figure 8 (numbered 122) and 2 second photovoltaic strings (such as Figure 7 or Figure 8 The second power generation units 301 to 304 form a second photovoltaic string 1, and the second power generation units 305 to 308 form a second photovoltaic string 2. Accordingly, the positive and negative output terminals of the second photovoltaic string 1 are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of a DC port in the second inverter 1, and the positive and negative output terminals of the second photovoltaic string 2 are connected to the positive and negative input terminals of a DC port in the second inverter 2.

[0124] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the invention, when at least one photovoltaic string is connected to at least one DC port of the inverter, the number of connected DC ports is related to the operating parameters of the DC ports (e.g., operating voltage, operating current, rated power, etc.) and cannot exceed the maximum carrying capacity of a single DC port. For example, taking a first photovoltaic string formed by the electrical connection of multiple first power generation units as an example, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the first photovoltaic string 1 formed by the first power generation units 201 to 204 can be connected to a DC port of the first inverter 1, and the first photovoltaic string 2 formed by the first power generation units 205 to 208 can be connected to a DC port of the first inverter 2. Alternatively, as... Figure 8 As shown, the first photovoltaic string 1 formed by the first power generation units 201 to 202 and the first photovoltaic string 2 formed by the first power generation units 203 to 204 can be connected to the two DC ports of the first inverter 1, respectively. The first photovoltaic string 3 formed by the first power generation units 205 to 206 and the first photovoltaic string 4 formed by the first power generation units 207 to 208 can be connected to the two DC ports of the first inverter 2, respectively.

[0125] In this way, when there are multiple first inverters, at least one first photovoltaic string is connected to the DC ports of multiple first inverters respectively; when there are multiple second inverters, at least one second photovoltaic string is connected to the DC ports of multiple second inverters respectively. By electrically connecting the power generation units of different layers in the tandem module and connecting them to different inverters, the system access of the tandem module can be completed without adjusting the power generation unit layout or introducing new electrical components, minimizing the power generation adaptation loss of different photovoltaic power generation units. Moreover, by selecting appropriate inverters and their corresponding quantities, the system cost can also be reduced as much as possible.

[0126] It should be noted that the first inverter and the second inverter are not the same inverter, but can be used to adapt to the characteristics of the connected power generation unit. Here, the first inverter and the second inverter can be of the same type (e.g., model, rated capacity, etc.) or different. However, first inverter 1 and first inverter 2 are inverters of the same type (with the same rated capacity) corresponding to the first power generation unit, and second inverter 1 and second inverter 2 are inverters of the same type (with the same rated capacity) corresponding to the second power generation unit.

[0127] It should also be noted that both the first and second power generation units are independent units and can be various types of batteries made of various materials and based on various power generation principles, such as primary batteries, secondary batteries, photovoltaic cells, wind power batteries, etc. Furthermore, the first power generation units in all stacked modules are of the same type, and the second power generation units in all stacked modules are of the same type. "Same type" means that the power generation principle, specific structure, specific materials of each structure, and dimensional parameters (within the allowable tolerance range) of the power generation units are all consistent. Here, the first power generation unit can be a perovskite battery, and the second power generation unit can be a crystalline silicon battery; or, the first and second power generation units can be perovskite batteries with different band gaps, but in both cases, it can be considered that the first and second power generation units are of different types.

[0128] For example, both the first and second power generation units are photovoltaic cells. The different first power generation units are all perovskite cells, and all perovskite cells have the same chemical formula. The second power generation unit is a crystalline silicon cell. Generally, the perovskite cells are located closer to the light-facing side of the overall tandem module, while the crystalline silicon cells are located closer to the light-emitting side. This is because the perovskite cells have a larger light-absorbing layer bandgap (e.g., 1.67 eV), while the crystalline silicon cells have a smaller light-absorbing layer bandgap (e.g., 1.12 eV). This arrangement achieves maximum light energy conversion efficiency. The above light-absorbing layer bandgap values ​​are merely examples; in reality, the specific bandgap value of the cell's light-absorbing layer can be adjusted through various doping methods.

[0129] Both perovskite and crystalline silicon solar cells are photovoltaic cells; therefore, perovskite cells can be referred to as upper-layer photovoltaic units, and crystalline silicon cells as lower-layer photovoltaic units. For tandem modules:

[0130] (1) An n-layer stacked module can contain n power generation units, where n is a positive integer. Different power generation units contain light-absorbing layers with different band gaps, thereby improving the existing photovoltaic energy conversion efficiency.

[0131] (2) There are no restrictions on the form of n-layer stacked components, and there are no restrictions on the selection of batteries for each layer.

[0132] (3) The upper photovoltaic unit on the light-facing side of the overall tandem module contains a transparent photovoltaic module, and the lower photovoltaic unit on the light-emitting side of the overall tandem module can be a transparent or opaque module, a single-sided module or a bifacial module. There are no restrictions on the specific design, type or structure of the upper and lower photovoltaic units.

[0133] (4) The upper and lower photovoltaic units are encapsulated between the upper and lower surfaces, with the upper surface being a light-transmitting surface and the lower surface being either a light-transmitting or opaque surface.

[0134] (5) A transparent insulating material partition is provided between the upper and lower photovoltaic units, which can be film, glass or other materials.

[0135] (6) Stacked components need to be encapsulated, and the encapsulation form is not limited. Stacked components may or may not be equipped with a frame.

[0136] (7) The positive and negative output terminals of the upper and lower photovoltaic units are led out respectively, and the leading out method and the leading out position are not limited.

[0137] (8) For an n-layer tandem module, the positive and negative output terminals of each photovoltaic unit are led out respectively. The n-layer tandem module has a total of n positive output terminals and n negative output terminals.

[0138] In some embodiments, in the battery array 10, a plurality of first power generation units are connected in series to form a first photovoltaic sub-string, and a plurality of first photovoltaic sub-strings are connected in series and / or in parallel to form a first photovoltaic array.

[0139] In this embodiment of the invention, several first power generation units are connected in series to form a first photovoltaic sub-string. For example, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, the first power generation unit 201 and the first power generation unit 202 are connected in series to form the first photovoltaic sub-string 1, the first power generation unit 203 and the first power generation unit 204 are connected in series to form the first photovoltaic sub-string 2, the first power generation unit 205 and the first power generation unit 206 are connected in series to form the first photovoltaic sub-string 3, and the first power generation unit 207 and the first power generation unit 208 are connected in series to form the first photovoltaic sub-string 4.

[0140] Furthermore, several first photovoltaic sub-strings are connected in series and / or in parallel to form a first photovoltaic string. For example, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the first photovoltaic sub-string 1 (including the first power generation units 201 and 202) and the first photovoltaic sub-string 2 (including the first power generation units 203 and 204) are connected in parallel to form the first photovoltaic string 1, and the first photovoltaic sub-string 3 (including the first power generation units 205 and 206) and the first photovoltaic sub-string 4 (including the first power generation units 207 and 208) are connected in parallel to form the first photovoltaic string 2, thus obtaining two first photovoltaic strings. Alternatively, as... Figure 6 As shown, it can also be that the first photovoltaic sub-string 1, the first photovoltaic sub-string 2, the first photovoltaic sub-string 3 and the first photovoltaic sub-string 4 are connected in parallel to form the first photovoltaic string 1, so as to obtain one first photovoltaic string.

[0141] In some embodiments, in the battery array 10, a plurality of second power generation units are connected in series to form a second photovoltaic sub-string, and a plurality of second photovoltaic sub-strings are connected in series and / or in parallel to form a second photovoltaic array.

[0142] In this embodiment of the invention, several second power generation units are connected in series to form a second photovoltaic sub-string. For example, as shown... Figure 2 As shown, the second power generation unit 301 and the second power generation unit 302 are connected in series to form the second photovoltaic sub-string 1, the second power generation unit 303 and the second power generation unit 304 are connected in series to form the second photovoltaic sub-string 2, the second power generation unit 305 and the second power generation unit 306 are connected in series to form the second photovoltaic sub-string 3, and the second power generation unit 307 and the second power generation unit 308 are connected in series to form the second photovoltaic sub-string 4.

[0143] Furthermore, several second photovoltaic sub-strings are connected in series and / or in parallel to form a second photovoltaic string. For example, such as... Figure 5 As shown, the second photovoltaic sub-string 1 (including the second power generation units 301 and 302) and the second photovoltaic sub-string 2 (including the second power generation units 303 and 304) are connected in series to form the second photovoltaic string 1, and the second photovoltaic sub-string 3 (including the second power generation units 305 and 306) and the second photovoltaic sub-string 4 (including the second power generation units 307 and 308) are connected in series to form the second photovoltaic string 2, thus obtaining two second photovoltaic strings. Alternatively, as... Figure 6 As shown, it can also be that the second photovoltaic sub-string 1 and the second photovoltaic sub-string 2 are connected in series, the second photovoltaic sub-string 3 and the second photovoltaic sub-string 4 are connected in series, and then the two are connected in parallel to form the second photovoltaic string 1, so as to obtain one second photovoltaic string.

[0144] It should be noted that, in some cases, a photovoltaic sub-string formed by electrically connecting several power generation units can be directly used as the corresponding photovoltaic module string. For example, taking the first photovoltaic module string as an example... Figure 8As shown, the first photovoltaic sub-string obtained by connecting the first power generation unit 201 and the first power generation unit 202 in series can be directly used as the first photovoltaic string 1, and the first photovoltaic sub-string obtained by connecting the first power generation unit 203 and the first power generation unit 204 in series can be directly used as the first photovoltaic string 2, and so on.

[0145] In this way, both the first and second power generation units can be formed by first connecting several power generation units of the same type in series to form a photovoltaic sub-string, and then connecting several photovoltaic sub-strings in series and / or in parallel to form corresponding photovoltaic strings (such as the first photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string). Since the first photovoltaic string and the second photovoltaic string are connected to different inverters, the system access of the tandem module can be completed without adjusting the power generation unit layout or introducing new electrical components, and the power generation adaptation loss of different power generation units in the tandem module can also be reduced.

[0146] It is understandable that the above Figure 2 to Figure 8 The photovoltaic substrings and photovoltaic strings in the diagram are for illustrative purposes only. The number of power generation units in the first / second photovoltaic substring and the number of photovoltaic substrings in the first / second photovoltaic string are not subject to specific limitations. That is, a first photovoltaic substring can include any positive integer number of first power generation units, a second photovoltaic substring can include any positive integer number of second power generation units, a first photovoltaic string can include any positive integer number of first photovoltaic substrings, and a second photovoltaic string can include any positive integer number of second photovoltaic substrings. Furthermore, for the same battery array 10, different first photovoltaic substrings (or second photovoltaic substrings) may contain the same or different numbers of power generation units, different first photovoltaic strings (or second photovoltaic strings) may contain the same or different numbers of photovoltaic substrings, and different inverters may have the same or different numbers of DC ports.

[0147] In another specific embodiment, several first power generation units are connected in parallel to form a first photovoltaic sub-string, and several first photovoltaic sub-strings are connected in series and / or in parallel to form a first photovoltaic array. Alternatively, several second power generation units are connected in parallel to form a second photovoltaic sub-string, and several second photovoltaic sub-strings are connected in series and / or in parallel to form a second photovoltaic array. Thus, the power generation units can also be connected in parallel first and then in series to form a photovoltaic array.

[0148] In another specific embodiment, multiple first power generation units are first connected in series and then in parallel to form a first photovoltaic string, and multiple second power generation units are first connected in parallel and then in series to form a second photovoltaic string; or, multiple first power generation units are first connected in parallel and then in series to form a first photovoltaic string, and multiple second power generation units are first connected in series and then in parallel to form a second photovoltaic string, and no limitation is made here.

[0149] In another specific embodiment, there can be more levels of series and parallel connections. For example, several first power generation units are connected in series to form a first-level photovoltaic sub-string, and several first-level photovoltaic sub-strings are connected in parallel to form a second-level photovoltaic sub-string, and several second-level photovoltaic sub-strings are then connected in series to form a first photovoltaic array, and so on. Examples will not be listed here.

[0150] It should be noted that in a multilayer photovoltaic (MWP) module, each layer of power generation units has different electrical parameters, and therefore the series and parallel connection methods when forming a photovoltaic string are not entirely the same. For example, for a first photovoltaic string, several first power generation units may be connected in series to form a first photovoltaic string; or, several first power generation units may be connected in parallel to form a first photovoltaic string; or, several first power generation units may be connected in series to form a first photovoltaic sub-string, and several first photovoltaic sub-strings may be connected in parallel to form a first photovoltaic string; or, several first power generation units may be connected in parallel to form a first photovoltaic sub-string, and several first photovoltaic sub-strings may be connected in series to form a first photovoltaic string. Similarly, for the second photovoltaic string, several second power generation units are connected in series to form a second photovoltaic string; or, several second power generation units are connected in parallel to form a second photovoltaic string; or, several second power generation units are connected in series to form a second photovoltaic sub-string, and several second photovoltaic sub-strings are connected in parallel to form a second photovoltaic string; or, several second power generation units are connected in parallel to form a second photovoltaic sub-string, and several second photovoltaic sub-strings are connected in series to form a second photovoltaic string.

[0151] It should also be noted that when forming photovoltaic strings, the parallel connection of photovoltaic substrings can be accomplished through parallel photovoltaic connectors, DC photovoltaic combiner boxes or other similar functional devices; the inverter can be a conventional string inverter, a centralized inverter or a distributed inverter, a micro inverter, etc.

[0152] In some embodiments, the battery array 10 may further include a plurality of battery supports (or “photovoltaic supports”), each battery support being used to place a stacked assembly; the number of battery supports is related to the number of stacked assemblies and the number of stacked assemblies accommodated by each battery support.

[0153] In this embodiment of the invention, the battery array may include a plurality of battery supports for placing the plurality of stacked components. The number of battery supports is related to the number of the plurality of stacked components in the battery array and the number of stacked components contained in each battery support, thereby saving space and avoiding waste of resources.

[0154] In this embodiment of the invention, the number of stacked components accommodated in each battery bracket can be an integer multiple of the number of first power generation units contained in the first photovoltaic substring, or it can be a non-integer multiple of the number of first power generation units contained in the first photovoltaic substring; similarly, the number of stacked components accommodated in each battery bracket can be an integer multiple of the number of second power generation units contained in the second photovoltaic substring, or it can be a non-integer multiple of the number of second power generation units contained in the second photovoltaic substring; no limitation is made here.

[0155] In one possible implementation, to reduce wiring complexity, the number of stacked components accommodated by the battery holder is an integer multiple of the number of first power generation units contained in the first photovoltaic substring, and the number of stacked components accommodated by the battery holder is an integer multiple of the number of second power generation units contained in the second photovoltaic substring.

[0156] In this embodiment of the invention, for the stacked assembly, the number of stacked assemblies housed by the battery holder is equal to the number of first power generation units and the number of second power generation units housed by the battery holder. For example, assuming the DC capacity of a single battery holder is Q and the power of the stacked assembly is P_module, then the number of stacked assemblies housed by a single battery holder is N = Q / P_module.

[0157] In this embodiment of the present invention, assuming that the number of first power generation units contained in the first photovoltaic substring is x and the number of second power generation units contained in the second photovoltaic substring is y, then the number N of stacked components accommodated by a single battery bracket needs to satisfy: not only is it an integer multiple of x, but it is also an integer multiple of y.

[0158] For example, the electrical performance parameters of each cell in the same photovoltaic substring should be kept consistent. When calculating the number of cells Num connected in series, the following formula can be used:

[0159]

[0160] Where Num represents the number of photovoltaic substrings connected in series (N is rounded down), and K v K′ is the open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient of the photovoltaic substring. v V is the operating voltage temperature coefficient of the photovoltaic substring, t is the extreme low temperature (°C) under operating conditions of the photovoltaic substring, t′ is the extreme high temperature (°C) under operating conditions of the photovoltaic substring, and V dcmax V is the maximum allowable DC input voltage of the inverter. mpptmax V represents the maximum voltage (V) of the inverter's MPPT. mpptmin V is the minimum voltage (V) of the inverter MPPT. oc V is the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic substring. pm This represents the operating voltage (V) of the photovoltaic substring.

[0161] In this way, since the number of photovoltaic sub-strings composed of the same type of power generation units in each battery bracket is an integer, each battery bracket can include an integer number of first photovoltaic strings and an integer number of second photovoltaic strings. There is no need to connect the first photovoltaic strings / second photovoltaic strings across battery brackets, making assembly simpler and reducing wiring difficulty.

[0162] In some embodiments, there is an integer multiple relationship between the number of first power generation units contained in the first photovoltaic substring and the number of second power generation units contained in the second photovoltaic substring.

[0163] In this embodiment of the invention, x and y are integer multiples of each other. Assume the first power generation unit is a perovskite cell and the second power generation unit is a crystalline silicon cell. For example, the first photovoltaic substring includes 6 perovskite cells, and the second photovoltaic substring includes 18 crystalline silicon cells. Therefore, the number of crystalline silicon cells in the second photovoltaic substring is an integer multiple of the number of perovskite cells in the first photovoltaic substring.

[0164] In this way, since there is an integer multiple relationship between the number of first power generation units contained in the first photovoltaic substring and the number of second power generation units contained in the second photovoltaic substring, each battery bracket can include an integer number of first photovoltaic strings and an integer number of second photovoltaic strings. This not only makes the design more flexible, but also avoids the situation where photovoltaic strings span different battery brackets, reducing the difficulty of wiring.

[0165] In some embodiments, the number of stacked components housed in the battery holder is equal to the product of the least common multiple of the number of first power generation units contained in the first photovoltaic substring and the number of second power generation units contained in the second photovoltaic substring, and a preset integer.

[0166] In this embodiment of the invention, the minimum number of stacked components accommodated in a single battery holder is the least common multiple of x and y. For example, taking a 3-layer stacked component as an example, the first layer consists of 18 first power generation units forming a photovoltaic sub-string, the second layer consists of 6 second power generation units forming a photovoltaic sub-string, and the third layer consists of 4 third power generation units forming a photovoltaic sub-string. To avoid connecting photovoltaic strings across holders, the minimum number of stacked components in a single battery holder is the least common multiple of 18, 6, and 4, i.e., 36.

[0167] In this embodiment of the utility model, the preset integer can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, etc., and correspondingly, the number of stacked components in a single battery holder can be 36, 72, 108, 144, 360, etc., which are not limited here.

[0168] In this way, since the number of stacked components accommodated by a single battery bracket is equal to the product of the least common multiple of the number of first power generation units contained in the first photovoltaic substring and the number of second power generation units contained in the second photovoltaic substring and a preset integer, each battery bracket can include an integer number of first photovoltaic strings and an integer number of second photovoltaic strings. This not only makes the design more flexible, but also avoids the situation where photovoltaic strings span different battery brackets, reducing the difficulty of wiring.

[0169] In one specific embodiment, in the battery array 10, it is assumed that a first photovoltaic string includes u first photovoltaic sub-strings, and each first photovoltaic sub-string includes x first power generation units; a second photovoltaic string includes v second photovoltaic sub-strings, and each second photovoltaic sub-string includes y second power generation units. The specific values ​​of u, x, v, and y need to be calculated based on the electrical parameters of the corresponding inverter, the system operating conditions, and the electrical parameters of each power generation unit. For example, firstly, the total number of stacked modules is calculated based on the total system capacity of the battery array 10. Then, combined with the number of battery brackets included in the battery array 10, the number N of stacked modules contained in a single battery bracket can be calculated. Based on the inverter's voltage level and the electrical parameters of different cells in the tandem modules, the number of strings is calculated according to the "Design Code for Photovoltaic Power Stations GB50797". Each y-cell crystalline silicon unit forms one string, and the total number of strings in the crystalline silicon layer (i.e., the number of second photovoltaic sub-strings) is N / y. A second photovoltaic string is formed by connecting v strings of crystalline silicon modules in parallel. Therefore, the number of second photovoltaic strings is m = N / (y × v), and they are connected to at least one second inverter. Each x-cell perovskite unit forms one string, and the total number of strings in the perovskite layer (i.e., the number of first photovoltaic sub-strings) is N / x. Based on the perovskite electrical parameters and the DC input current of the inverter, a u-cell perovskite module is calculated. A first photovoltaic string is formed by connecting u strings of perovskite modules in parallel. Therefore, the number of first photovoltaic strings is l = N / (x × u), and they are connected to at least one first inverter.

[0170] In some embodiments, the first power generation unit is formed by electrically connecting a plurality of first power generation units, and the second power generation unit is formed by electrically connecting a plurality of second power generation units.

[0171] Therefore, the electrical parameters (e.g., V) of the first power generation unit can be adjusted by changing the number of first power generation units and / or their series-parallel connection structure. oc V pm This changes the values ​​of u and x so that the number N of the stacked modules housed by the battery holder is an integer multiple of the number of the first power generation units contained in the first photovoltaic substring. Correspondingly, the electrical parameters (e.g., V0) of the second power generation unit are adjusted by changing the number of the second power generation units and / or the series-parallel connection structure within the second power generation unit. oc Vpm This changes the values ​​of v and y so that the number N of the stacked components housed by the battery holder is an integer multiple of the number of the second power generation units contained in the second photovoltaic substring.

[0172] In this embodiment of the invention, multiple stacked components are arranged in an array, with the row direction of the array being a first direction and the column direction being a second direction. The first direction is perpendicular to a third direction, and the second direction is also perpendicular to the third direction. A first power generation unit and a second power generation unit are stacked along the third direction, and a second light-emitting unit is located on the light-emitting side of the first light-emitting unit. All first power generation units in the multiple stacked components are of the same type, and all second power generation units in the multiple stacked components are of the same type; however, the first and second power generation units are of different types. This allows different types of power generation units to be connected to different inverters, enabling the system connection of the stacked battery without adjusting the power generation unit layout or introducing new electrical components. Furthermore, it improves the mismatch problem between different types of power generation units.

[0173] In some embodiments, each inverter may further include a power point tracking module. Specifically, the first inverter includes a first power point tracking module, and the second inverter includes a second power point tracking module, wherein:

[0174] The first power point tracking module has first power tracking parameters adapted to the first power generation unit;

[0175] The second power point tracking module has second power tracking parameters adapted to the second power generation unit.

[0176] Here, the second power tracking parameter can be the same as or different from the first power tracking parameter.

[0177] In one possible implementation, the second power tracking parameter differs from the first power tracking parameter. In this case, taking a perovskite layer and a crystalline silicon layer as an example, the perovskite layer and the crystalline silicon layer are connected in different series and parallel configurations and connected to different inverters. The inverters corresponding to the perovskite layer and the crystalline silicon layer do not interfere with each other, and different tracking algorithms can be used to improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic string.

[0178] It should be noted that the power point tracking module can be implemented using an MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) controller, which independently incorporates the MPPT algorithm and independent boost and buck circuits. For example, the boost circuit can be a Boost circuit, and the buck circuit can be a Buck circuit. The specific working principle involves real-time monitoring of the voltage and current of the battery layer, calculating the current maximum power point, and then adjusting the load to ensure the battery layer's output characteristics are at the maximum power point. This is particularly suitable for photovoltaic cells.

[0179] For example, see Figure 9 Multiple first power generation units are electrically connected to form a first photovoltaic string, and multiple second power generation units are electrically connected to form a second photovoltaic string. The first inverter 1 (in...) Figure 9 The circuit numbered 111 includes a first MPPT module 111a and a first inverter circuit 111b, and a second inverter 1 (in... Figure 9 The circuit (numbered 121) includes a second MPPT module 121a and a second inverter circuit 121b. At this time, the first MPPT module 111a adjusts the output parameters of the connected first photovoltaic string to make it in the maximum power state; the second MPPT module 121a adjusts the output parameters of the connected second photovoltaic string to make it in the maximum power state.

[0180] In this way, since the first power generation unit and the second power generation unit are connected to different inverters, and the first inverter has an MPPT tracking algorithm adapted to the first power generation unit, and the second inverter has an MPPT tracking algorithm adapted to the second power generation unit, the characteristics of the connected power generation units can be adapted as much as possible, reducing the power generation adaptation loss of different layers; and the power generation efficiency can also be improved by adjusting the output parameters through the MPPT tracking algorithm.

[0181] In some embodiments, Figure 2 Based on the battery array 10 shown, see... Figure 10 Each stacked module also includes a third power generation unit (in Figure 10 The first power generation unit, the second power generation unit, and the third power generation unit (numbered 401 to 408) are stacked along the third direction, with the third power generation unit located on the light-emitting side of the second power generation unit.

[0182] In this embodiment of the invention, multiple third power generation units in multiple stacked components are electrically connected (series or parallel connection method is not limited). Figure 10 (This is just an illustration) forming at least one third photovoltaic string. For example, Figure 10 Taking the third photovoltaic string as an example, which includes four third power generation units, the third power generation units 401 to 404 form the third photovoltaic string 1, and the third power generation units 405 to 408 form the third photovoltaic string 2.

[0183] In this embodiment of the invention, the battery array may further include at least one third inverter 13. The at least one third inverter 13 may include one or more third inverters. Here, at least one third photovoltaic string is connected to the third inverter among multiple inverters.

[0184] It is important to note that the first, second, and third inverters are not the same inverter. The types (e.g., model, rated capacity) of the first, second, and third inverters can be the same or different. Thus, in the battery array 10, after electrically connecting the power generation units (e.g., the first, second, and third power generation units) of different layers in the tandem module to different inverters, it is possible to complete the system connection of the tandem module without adjusting the power generation unit layout or introducing new electrical components. This not only improves the mismatch between different power generation units and minimizes system costs, but also reduces wiring complexity compared to connecting to a single inverter, and reduces power generation adaptation losses between different power generation units in the tandem module.

[0185] In this embodiment of the invention, the number of third inverters is related to the total power of the multiple third power generation units. For example, assuming the number of tandem modules is N, if the DC power of the third power generation unit is P_3, then the total DC power of the multiple third power generation units is P_3_total = P_3 * N. Considering the capacity ratio k_3 corresponding to the third power generation unit, the total rated capacity of the third layer inverters can be calculated as P_ac_3 = P_3 * N / k_3. In this case, if the third layer of the tandem module selects a third inverter, and the rated capacity of the third inverter is Pac_3, then the number of third inverters is p = P_ac_3 / Pac_3.

[0186] In some embodiments, when there are multiple third inverters and multiple third photovoltaic strings, the multiple third photovoltaic strings are respectively connected to the multiple third inverters; or, when there is one third inverter and at least one third photovoltaic string, at least one third photovoltaic string is respectively connected to the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of at least one DC port of the third inverter.

[0187] In one specific embodiment, it is assumed that there is one first inverter, one second inverter, and one third inverter. For example, with... Figure 11 For example, the first power generation units 201 to 208 form a first photovoltaic string 1, and the positive output terminal and negative output terminal of the first photovoltaic string 1 are connected to the first inverter 1 (in Figure 11 The positive and negative input terminals of one of the DC ports (numbered 111) are connected accordingly; the second power generation units 301 to 308 form the second photovoltaic string 1, and the positive and negative output terminals of the second photovoltaic string 1 are connected to the second inverter 1 (in Figure 11The positive and negative input terminals of one of the DC ports (numbered 121) are connected accordingly; the third power generation units 401 to the fourth power generation units 408 form the third photovoltaic string 1, and the positive and negative output terminals of the third photovoltaic string 1 are connected to the third inverter 1 (in Figure 11 Connect the positive and negative input terminals of one of the DC ports (numbered 131) accordingly.

[0188] In this way, by electrically connecting the power generation units of different layers in the tandem module to different inverters, the system access of the tandem module can be completed without adjusting the power generation unit layout or introducing new electrical components. This minimizes the power generation adaptation loss of different photovoltaic power generation units and reduces wiring difficulty. Moreover, by selecting appropriate inverters and their corresponding quantities, the system cost can be reduced as much as possible.

[0189] In other words, a tandem module comprises any number of power generation units (e.g., an n-layer tandem module may include n power generation units). Power generation units in the same layer of different tandem modules are connected to form corresponding photovoltaic strings, which are then independently connected to different inverters. In this way, there is no direct electrical connection between different types of power generation units, enabling the connection of the tandem module system without adjusting the power generation unit layout or introducing new electrical components, and improving the mismatch of electrical parameters between different power generation units.

[0190] This utility model provides a battery array, specifically a system access scheme for a multilayer module. For each of the different power generation units in an n-layer multilayer module, a separate lead-out is established, and the unit is matched and connected to different inverters according to certain calculation rules to complete the system access. This not only improves the mismatch between different power generation units and minimizes system costs, but also reduces wiring complexity compared to connecting to a single inverter, and reduces power generation adaptation losses between different power generation units in the multilayer module.

[0191] In another embodiment of this utility model, the battery array based on the foregoing embodiments may include:

[0192] (1) An n-layer stacked module contains n power generation units. Different power generation units contain light-absorbing layers with different band gaps. By using light-absorbing layers with different band gaps, the existing photovoltaic energy conversion efficiency can be improved and the power generation cost can be reduced.

[0193] (2) There are no restrictions on the form of the n-layer tandem module, and no restrictions on the selection of cells for each layer. The following example uses a double-layer tandem module, with a perovskite module for the upper layer and a crystalline silicon module for the lower layer. The upper photovoltaic unit (front, light-facing side) contains a transparent photovoltaic module, and the lower photovoltaic unit can be a transparent or opaque module, a single-sided or double-sided module. There are no restrictions on the specific design, type, or structure of the upper and lower photovoltaic units. The upper and lower photovoltaic units are encapsulated between the upper and lower surfaces, with the upper surface being a light-transmitting surface and the lower surface being either a light-transmitting or opaque surface. A transparent insulating material layer, which can be a film, glass, or other material, is provided between the upper and lower photovoltaic units. The tandem module needs to be encapsulated, and the encapsulation method is not limited. The tandem module can be equipped with or without a frame. The positive and negative terminals of the upper and lower photovoltaic units are led out separately, and the lead-out method and position are not limited.

[0194] (3) For an n-layer tandem module, the positive and negative output terminals of the photovoltaic units in each layer are led out respectively. Thus, the n-layer tandem module has a total of n positive output terminals and n negative output terminals.

[0195] (4) Calculate the number of components connected to the array based on the array capacity (or phase change capacity). For example, if the system DC capacity of the battery array is Z and the power of each stacked component is P_module, then W = Z / P_module stacked components can be installed in the battery array. For each stacked component, the power of each layer is P_1, P_2, ..., P_n. If the battery array includes K battery supports, then the number of stacked components contained in a single battery support is N = W / K.

[0196] (5) The power of each layer may be the same or different. The electrical parameters of each layer may be the same or different. Among them, each layer may have the same or different power generation characteristics, which refer to weak light characteristics, temperature characteristics, degradation characteristics, etc., as well as the special power generation characteristics of certain types of photovoltaic cells, such as the hysteresis characteristics of perovskite cells.

[0197] (6) For n-layer stacked modules, the positive and negative output terminals of each power generation unit are led out and connected to different inverters in series, parallel or series-parallel connection. The inverters connected to each layer can be set with different capacity ratios k_1, k_2, ..., k_n.

[0198] (7) Because each layer of power generation units has different electrical parameters, the series and parallel connection methods when forming photovoltaic strings are not entirely the same. That is, the same battery rack may contain different numbers or different connection methods of power generation units. However, it is necessary to ensure that the number of strings formed by the same type of power generation units in each battery rack is an integer number to avoid the need to connect strings across racks. For example, for a 3-layer stacked module, the first layer has 18 units per string, the second layer has 6 units per string, and the third layer has 4 units per string. To avoid connecting strings across racks, the least common multiple of the three layers should be installed in a single battery rack, which is 36 units. It should be noted that centralized battery racks are mostly double-row or four-row, and the number of units installed in a single rack is mostly an even number.

[0199] (8) Since the power of each layer is different, for a single battery bracket, calculate the total DC power of each layer. For an n-layer stacked module, the total DC power of the nth layer power generation unit is P_n_total=P_n*N. Considering the design capacity ratio k_n of the nth layer power generation unit, obtain the inverter AC capacity P_ac_n=P_n*N / k_n.

[0200] (9) Select the appropriate rated capacity and quantity of inverters based on the AC capacity of the inverters calculated for each floor. The rated capacity of the inverter is a specific capacity, and it is usually necessary to readjust the capacity ratio according to the selection and check the component capacity and total number of components in a single bracket.

[0201] (10) The inverter can be a conventional string inverter, a centralized inverter or a distributed inverter, or a micro inverter.

[0202] (11) Different types of inverters can be selected for each layer, or different MPPT tracking algorithms can be used to adapt to the characteristics of the connected battery layer as much as possible.

[0203] To better understand the content of this utility model, a specific application scenario is provided here. Table 1 illustrates examples of operating parameters for three types of inverters.

[0204] Table 1

[0205]

[0206] Assuming the efficiency of the perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem module is 26%, the total power is 520W, with the perovskite layer having a power of 400W and the crystalline silicon layer having a power of 120W. If the battery array contains a total of 360 modules, the DC capacity of the array is 520W * 360 = 187.2kW, with the upper layer having a power of 144kW and the lower layer having a power of 43.2kW. If the upper layer has a capacity ratio of 1.2, the rated power of the inverter is 144kW / 1.2 = 120kW (this can be multiple units or a single unit); if the lower layer has a capacity ratio of 1.44, the rated power of the lower layer inverter is 43.2kW / 1.44 = 30kW (this can be multiple units or a single unit).

[0207] The upper layer will use the aforementioned 40kW string inverter. Through board design, the perovskite operating voltage will be 160V and the operating current 2.5A. Other parameters are not described in detail. Based on the perovskite parameters, each photovoltaic sub-string consists of 6 series-connected modules. Five sub-strings are connected in parallel and then connected to one DC port of the first inverter, resulting in a total of 4 DC ports and a total power output of 6 * 5 * 4 * 400W = 48kW. Thus, a total of 3 inverters will be used.

[0208] The lower layer will use the aforementioned 30kW string inverter, assuming a crystalline silicon operating voltage of 50V and an operating current of 2.4A. Based on the crystalline silicon parameters, each photovoltaic sub-string consists of 18 units connected in series, totaling 20 strings. Six strings will be connected in parallel to one DC port of the second inverter, and the remaining four strings will be connected in parallel to the other DC port of the second inverter, for a total of two DC ports. The total power is 18 * (6 * 2 + 4 * 2) * 120W = 43.2kW. This requires one inverter. Note that because there are not enough modules to use all six strings in parallel, the remaining eight strings will be connected in parallel as four strings.

[0209] In this battery array, different inverters are connected to the upper and lower layers respectively. The upper layer is connected to three 40kW inverters, and the lower layer is connected to one 30kW inverter.

[0210] It should be noted that perovskite modules are strung together in strings of 6, while crystalline silicon modules are strung together in strings of 18. This ensures that the number of modules connected in series in each string of the lower-level modules is an integer multiple of the number of modules connected in series in each string of the upper-level modules. Therefore, the battery support can be set with 18 or 36 modules. In this scheme, there is no situation where a single string of modules spans different supports.

[0211] In one specific embodiment, the battery array 10 employs a fixed battery bracket and is mounted in two vertical rows. See also Figure 12 If 18 modules are installed in a single support set, then the single support set contains 3 strings of perovskite modules (perovskite string 1, perovskite string 2, and perovskite string 3) and 1 string of crystalline silicon modules (crystalline silicon string 1). Each perovskite string includes 6 perovskite modules, and crystalline silicon string 1 includes 18 crystalline silicon modules.

[0212] For example, assuming the battery array has a total of 360 modules, with 18 modules installed in each battery rack, then there are a total of 20 battery racks. The perovskite layer connects to three 40kW inverters, and the crystalline silicon layer connects to one 30kW inverter.

[0213] In this embodiment of the invention, the specific implementation of the aforementioned embodiments is described in detail through the above embodiments. According to the technical solutions of the aforementioned embodiments, the stacked modules (such as crystalline silicon perovskite) can be connected to the system without adding other electrical components or requiring complex internal layout design, and the power generation adaptation loss of different stacked layers is reduced. In addition, inter-layer electrical parameter matching can be selected or not. In the battery array, the crystalline silicon layer and the perovskite layer are connected with different numbers of series and parallel connections, and connected to different inverters respectively. The inverters corresponding to the crystalline silicon and perovskite layers do not interfere with each other and can use different tracking algorithms. Thus, the stacked module system can be connected without adjusting the power generation unit layout or introducing new electrical components, and the mismatch between different photovoltaic power generation units is minimized, and the increase in system cost is minimized. At the same time, the number of modules installed in a single battery bracket can be an integer multiple of the number of perovskite and crystalline silicon strings, that is, the perovskite and crystalline silicon strings do not need to be bridged, thereby reducing the wiring difficulty.

[0214] In one embodiment of this utility model, Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of a battery system provided in an embodiment of the present utility model. Figure 13 As shown, the battery system 130 may include the battery array 10 as described in any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0215] In this embodiment of the utility model, the battery system 130 can be applied to various technical fields, such as photovoltaic power generation, automotive, wind power generation, agricultural technology, etc. Therefore, the battery array 10 can also be called a "photovoltaic array", and the battery system 130 can also be called a "photovoltaic system".

[0216] Understandably, when matching the electrical parameters of different power generation units, perovskite solar cells are cut and designed with series and parallel connections to match their current and voltage with those of crystalline silicon solar cell layers. Then, different power generation layers are directly connected in series or parallel, ultimately outputting at both ends and directly connected to the battery system. This method can guarantee electrical parameter matching in the initial state, but during operation, due to the different performance of perovskite and crystalline silicon under shading and different irradiations, there may be significant mismatch losses.

[0217] Another understandable approach is to introduce electrical equipment such as power optimizers and micro-inverters, connecting different photovoltaic power generation layers to different ports of these devices. This allows for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of each power generation unit layer, enabling them to operate relatively independently. This method can solve the mismatch problem between different power generation layers, but the introduction of new components increases system costs.

[0218] In this embodiment of the utility model, since different inverters are connected to the power generation units of different layers in the stacked module after electrical connection, the system access of the stacked module can be completed without adjusting the power generation unit layout and introducing new electrical components. This not only improves the mismatch between different power generation units and reduces system costs as much as possible, but also reduces wiring difficulty compared to connecting to the same inverter. At the same time, it can also reduce the power generation adaptation loss of different power generation units in the stacked module and improve the system power generation efficiency.

[0219] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0220] It should be understood that the phrases "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or "some embodiments" throughout the specification mean that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, "in one embodiment," "in one embodiment," or "in some embodiments" appearing throughout the specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present invention, the sequence numbers of the above-described processes do not imply a sequential order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present invention. The sequence numbers of the above-described embodiments are merely for descriptive purposes and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments. The descriptions of the various embodiments above tend to emphasize the differences between the various embodiments; their similarities or commonalities can be referred to mutually, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be repeated here.

[0221] It should also be noted that, in this invention, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0222] The sequence numbers of the above embodiments of the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0223] The features disclosed in the several product embodiments provided by this utility model can be arbitrarily combined without conflict to obtain new product embodiments.

[0224] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

[0225] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A battery array, characterized in that, The battery array includes multiple stacked components, each stacked component including n power generation units stacked together, where n is an integer greater than 1; The multiple i-th power generation units in the multiple stacked components are electrically connected to form at least one i-th photovoltaic string; The battery array also includes multiple inverters, and at least one of the i-th photovoltaic strings is connected to the i-th inverter among the multiple inverters; Wherein, the i-th power generation unit is any one of the n power generation units, and i is an integer greater than 0 and less than or equal to n.

2. The battery array according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each inverter includes at least one DC port, and each DC port includes a positive input terminal and a negative input terminal; When the number of the i-th inverter is one, at least one of the i-th photovoltaic strings is respectively connected to the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of at least one DC port of the i-th inverter; or, When there are multiple i-th inverters, the multiple i-th photovoltaic strings are respectively connected to the multiple i-th inverters.

3. The battery array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The n power generation units include a first power generation unit and a second power generation unit; The multiple first power generation units in the multiple stacked components are electrically connected to form at least one first photovoltaic string, and at least one first photovoltaic string is connected to the first inverter in the multiple inverters. The multiple second power generation units in the multiple stacked components are electrically connected to form at least one second photovoltaic string, and at least one second photovoltaic string is connected to the second inverter in the multiple inverters.

4. The battery array according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the battery array, the number of the first inverters is related to the total power of the plurality of the first power generation units; the number of the second inverters is related to the total power of the plurality of the second power generation units.

5. The battery array according to claim 3, characterized in that, When there is only one first inverter, at least one of the first photovoltaic strings is connected to the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of at least one DC port of the first inverter respectively. or, When there is only one second inverter, at least one second photovoltaic string is connected to the positive input terminal and the negative input terminal of at least one DC port of the second inverter, respectively.

6. The battery array according to claim 3, characterized in that, When there are multiple first inverters, each of the multiple first photovoltaic strings is connected to a corresponding multiple first inverters; or... When there are multiple second inverters, the multiple second photovoltaic strings are respectively connected to the multiple second inverters.

7. The battery array according to claim 3, characterized in that, A number of the first power generation units are connected in series to form a first photovoltaic sub-string, and a number of the first photovoltaic sub-strings are connected in series and / or in parallel to form a first photovoltaic array string; Several second power generation units are connected in series to form a second photovoltaic sub-string, and several second photovoltaic sub-strings are connected in series and / or in parallel to form a second photovoltaic array.

8. The battery array according to claim 7, characterized in that, The battery array also includes a plurality of battery supports, each of which is used to place the stacked components; The number of the plurality of battery holders is related to the number of the plurality of stacked assemblies and the number of stacked assemblies contained in each of the battery holders.

9. The battery array according to claim 8, characterized in that, The number of stacked components accommodated in the battery bracket is an integer multiple of the number of first power generation units contained in the first photovoltaic substring, and the number of stacked components accommodated in the battery bracket is an integer multiple of the number of second power generation units contained in the second photovoltaic substring.

10. The battery array according to claim 8, characterized in that, The number of stacked components accommodated by the battery bracket is equal to the product of the least common multiple of the number of first power generation units contained in the first photovoltaic substring and the number of second power generation units contained in the second photovoltaic substring, and a preset integer.

11. The battery array according to claim 7, characterized in that, The number of first power generation units contained in the first photovoltaic substring and the number of second power generation units contained in the second photovoltaic substring are integer multiples of each other.

12. The battery array according to claim 3, characterized in that, The plurality of stacked components are arranged in an array, with the row direction of the array being a first direction and the column direction of the array being a second direction. The first direction is perpendicular to the third direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the third direction. The first power generation unit and the second power generation unit are stacked along the third direction, and the second power generation unit is disposed on the light-emitting side of the first power generation unit; All the first power generation units in the plurality of stacked components are of the same type, and all the second power generation units in the plurality of stacked components are of the same type.

13. The battery array according to any one of claims 3 to 12, characterized in that, Each stacked module also includes a third power generation unit, wherein: The first power generation unit, the second power generation unit, and the third power generation unit are stacked along a third direction, and the third power generation unit is located on the light-emitting side of the second power generation unit; The multiple third power generation units in the multiple stacked components are electrically connected to form at least one third photovoltaic string, and at least one of the third photovoltaic strings is connected to the third inverter in the multiple inverters.

14. A battery system, characterized in that, The battery system includes a battery array as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13.

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