Fuel cell bipolar plate and fuel cell stack

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and discloses a fuel cell bipolar plate and a fuel cell stack, the fuel cell bipolar plate comprises a plate body; a plurality of hydrogen runners are arranged on one side surface of the plate body, and a plurality of oxygen runners are arranged on the other side surface of the plate body; hydrogen main flow holes are formed in the plate body, the hydrogen main flow holes are communicated with the hydrogen flow channels, and hydrogen substances are distributed to the multiple hydrogen flow channels through the hydrogen main flow holes; the oxygen substance is directly communicated with air through a plurality of oxygen flow channels; a cooling cavity is formed in the plate body; a cooling liquid inlet and a cooling liquid outlet are formed in the two opposite corners of the plate body respectively, located at the two ends of the cooling cavity respectively and communicated with the cooling cavity. According to the utility model, the transmission of hydrogen-oxygen reaction gas and the circulating heat dissipation of cooling liquid can be realized at the same time; and a heat flow path and an oxyhydrogen substance flow path can be completely decoupled in a three-dimensional space through heat-mass separation topological setting, so that better heat dissipation and temperature uniformity can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a fuel cell bipolar plate and a fuel cell stack. Background Technology

[0002] A fuel cell is a power generation device that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy. The bipolar plate is a key component of a fuel cell, primarily used to separate and conduct reactant gases such as hydrogen and oxygen, while also performing important functions such as electrical conductivity and heat dissipation.

[0003] Existing bipolar plates mainly employ a structure with gas flow channels on both sides of the plate. One side houses the hydrogen flow channel, and the other the oxygen flow channel. However, because the heat generated during the reaction is difficult to dissipate in a timely manner, it can easily lead to localized overheating of the battery, thereby limiting the overall performance of the fuel cell.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a bipolar plate to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fuel cell bipolar plate and fuel cell stack that can improve heat dissipation efficiency, thereby enabling the fuel cell to achieve higher performance.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a fuel cell bipolar plate, including a plate body; one side of the plate body is provided with multiple hydrogen channels, and the other side is provided with multiple oxygen channels;

[0007] The plate is provided with a hydrogen main flow hole, which is connected to one of the hydrogen channels. Hydrogen is distributed to the remaining hydrogen channels through one of the hydrogen channels to supply hydrogen. Oxygen is directly connected to the air through multiple oxygen channels to supply oxygen.

[0008] The plate body is provided with a cooling cavity; a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet are respectively provided at two opposite corners of the plate body, the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet are respectively located at both ends of the cooling cavity and are connected to the cooling cavity.

[0009] Furthermore, the depth of the cooling cavity ranges from 0.2 to 1.0 cm.

[0010] Furthermore, the cooling cavity may have a serpentine or rectangular shape.

[0011] Furthermore, the cooling cavity is provided with a plurality of conductive pillars, and the conductive pillars are perpendicular to the plate; the plurality of conductive pillars are evenly distributed in the cooling cavity.

[0012] Furthermore, the total cross-sectional area of ​​the plurality of conductive pillars is 10%-30% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling cavity.

[0013] Furthermore, the conductive pillar is cylindrical or elliptical, and the cross-sectional shape of the conductive pillar is configured to allow the coolant to flow around it uniformly.

[0014] Furthermore, the plate body includes a first device plate, a second device plate, and a third device plate; the outer side of the first device plate is provided with the hydrogen flow channel; the outer side of the second device plate is provided with the oxygen flow channel; the third device plate is located between the inner side of the first device plate and the inner side of the second device plate, and the two sides of the third device plate are respectively attached to the first device plate and the second device plate; the middle part of the third device plate is provided with a coolant flow channel, and the coolant flow channel forms a sealed cooling cavity between the first device plate and the second device plate and the middle part of the third device plate.

[0015] Furthermore, the hydrogen flow channel, oxygen flow channel, and cooling cavity form a mass-thermal-mass separation sandwich topology in the thickness direction of the plate; the sandwich topology is integrally formed; the sandwich topology is made of metal or graphite material, and a high thermal conductivity film and a high electrical conductivity film are coated on the surface of the material.

[0016] Furthermore, the hydrogen mainstream orifice is located at the diagonal part of the plate; the hydrogen mainstream orifice is used to guide the flow of hydrogen.

[0017] In addition, this utility model also proposes a fuel cell stack, including a plurality of fuel cell bipolar plates as described above, wherein each fuel cell bipolar plate is arranged at intervals along the stacking direction, and the hydrogen mainstream holes of each fuel cell bipolar plate are aligned and connected in the stacking direction to form a common flow channel.

[0018] The coolant inlet and coolant outlet of each of the fuel cell bipolar plates are aligned and connected in the stacking direction to form a coolant main channel, through which the coolant is distributed to the cooling chamber of each of the fuel cell bipolar plates.

[0019] The hydrogen inlet and outlet of each of the fuel cell bipolar plates are aligned and connected in the stacking direction to form a hydrogen mainstream channel, through which the hydrogen is distributed to the hydrogen flow channel in each of the fuel cell bipolar plates.

[0020] Oxygen is directly connected to the air through multiple oxygen channels in each of the bipolar plates of the fuel cell.

[0021] Through the above technical solution, this utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] By setting hydrogen flow channels on one side of the plate and oxygen flow channels on the other side, and incorporating a cooling chamber inside the plate, the thermal management performance of the fuel cell bipolar plate can be improved by simultaneously achieving the transfer of hydrogen and oxygen reactant gases and the circulation and heat dissipation of the coolant. Furthermore, by placing the coolant inlet and outlet at two opposite corners of the plate, the flow path of the coolant can be extended, improving the uniformity of heat transfer. In addition, this device employs a mass-heat-mass separation topology, placing the cooling chamber inside the plate to completely decouple the heat flow path from the hydrogen and oxygen mass flow path in three-dimensional space, thereby achieving better heat dissipation and temperature uniformity. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a partially enlarged view of the fuel cell bipolar plate in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the coolant flow channel in the bipolar plate of a fuel cell according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen flow channel in the bipolar plate of a fuel cell in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the oxygen flow channel in the bipolar plate of a fuel cell in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fuel cell stack in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure, 1 is the plate; 2 is the hydrogen channel; 3 is the oxygen channel; 4 is the cooling chamber; 41 is the coolant channel; 5 is the coolant inlet; 6 is the coolant outlet; 7 is the conductive column; 8 is the main flow orifice; 100 is the fuel cell bipolar plate; 200 is the end plate; and 300 is the fixture. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Based on the teachings of this specification, those skilled in the art can form new technical solutions through cross-combination of different implementation methods without creating technical contradictions. Such variations should all be considered to fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0030] The present invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can modify the present invention as described herein while still achieving its advantageous effects. Therefore, the following description should be understood as being of general knowledge to those skilled in the art and is not intended to limit the present invention.

[0031] The present invention will be described in more detail below by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become clearer from the following description. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the illustration of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0032] like Figures 1-4 As shown in the figure, this utility model embodiment proposes a convenient and practical fuel cell bipolar plate, including a plate body 1. Specifically, one side of the plate body 1 is provided with multiple hydrogen flow channels 2, and the other side is provided with multiple oxygen flow channels 3; the plate body 1 is provided with a hydrogen mainstream orifice 8, which is connected to one of the hydrogen flow channels 2, and hydrogen is distributed to the remaining hydrogen flow channels 2 through one of the hydrogen flow channels 2 to supply hydrogen; oxygen is directly connected to the air through the multiple oxygen flow channels 3 to supply oxygen. The oxygen flow channels 3 can be transverse direct current channels, and the hydrogen flow channels 2 are longitudinal flow channels.

[0033] The plate 1 has a cooling cavity 4 inside. A coolant inlet 5 and a coolant outlet 6 are respectively located at two diagonal points on the plate 1, situated at opposite ends of the cooling cavity 4 and communicating with it. In this embodiment, the hydrogen channel 2 guides hydrogen gas to a uniform distribution on the membrane electrode surface, and the oxygen channel 3 guides oxygen or air to a uniform distribution. The cooling cavity 4 contains the coolant. The diagonally positioned coolant inlet 5 and coolant outlet 6 extend the flow path of the coolant within the cooling cavity 4, thereby improving heat exchange uniformity and heat dissipation efficiency.

[0034] In this embodiment, the hydrogen channel 2, oxygen channel 3, and cooling cavity 4 form a mass-thermal-mass separation sandwich topology in the thickness direction of the plate 1. This sandwich topology can be integrally molded. Furthermore, the structure uses metal or graphite materials, and a high thermal conductivity film and a high electrical conductivity film are coated on the material surface.

[0035] The aforementioned sandwich topology with mass-heat-mass separation refers to the following: the hydrogen flow channel 2 and the oxygen flow channel 3 are located on the two outer layers along the thickness direction of the plate 1, forming a mass flow transport layer; the cooling cavity 4 is located in the core layer along the thickness direction of the plate 1, forming a heat flow transport layer; the mass flow transport layer and the heat flow transport layer are completely isolated in space. This embodiment adopts a topology that independently separates heat flow and mass flow, which not only achieves spatial decoupling between the transport of reactant gases and the circulation and heat dissipation of coolant, but also improves heat dissipation efficiency and temperature uniformity.

[0036] Preferably, the depth of the cooling cavity 4 is between 0.2 and 1.0 cm, for example, preferably 0.2 cm, 0.3 cm, 0.4 cm, 0.5 cm, 0.6 cm, 0.7 cm, 0.8 cm, 0.9 cm, or 1.0 cm. Those skilled in the art will understand that the depth of the cooling cavity 4 can be set according to actual needs, and the depth range of the cooling cavity 4 also includes other embodiments besides this one, such as 0.15 cm or 1.2 cm. Specifically, when the depth of the cooling cavity 4 is set within the range of 0.2-1.0 cm, sufficient heat exchange space can be provided within the limited thickness of the plate 1, increasing the contact area between the coolant and the plate 1, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency. At the same time, the depth range of this embodiment can balance structural strength and heat dissipation requirements, avoiding a decrease in the strength of the plate 1 due to an excessively deep cavity or insufficient heat exchange due to an excessively shallow cavity.

[0037] In one embodiment, the cooling cavity 4 has a serpentine or rectangular shape. Specifically, when the cooling cavity 4 adopts a serpentine structure, it can significantly extend the flow path of the coolant, increase the heat exchange time, and thus improve the heat dissipation effect. When the cooling cavity 4 adopts a rectangular structure, it can simplify the manufacturing process, reduce production costs, and simultaneously meet basic heat dissipation requirements. Those skilled in the art will understand that the shape of the cooling cavity 4 can be selected according to actual heat dissipation requirements and manufacturing processes, and the shape of the cooling cavity 4 also includes other embodiments besides this one, such as a spiral or mesh shape.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the cooling cavity 4 is provided with a plurality of conductive pillars 7, and the conductive pillars 7 are perpendicular to the plate 1. Optionally, the plurality of conductive pillars 7 are evenly distributed in the cooling cavity 4. Specifically, while undertaking the function of current conduction, the conductive pillars 7 can also provide support for the cooling cavity 4, preventing the plate 1 from collapsing when subjected to stacking forces. By vertically arranging and evenly distributing the conductive pillars 7, the supporting force can be uniformly transmitted, improving the overall structural stability of the fuel cell bipolar plate 100. At the same time, the arrangement of the conductive pillars 7 can shorten the current conduction path, reduce contact resistance, and thus improve conductivity.

[0039] In one embodiment, the total cross-sectional area of ​​the plurality of conductive pillars 7 is 10%-30% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling cavity 4. Those skilled in the art will understand that the percentage of the total cross-sectional area of ​​the conductive pillars 7 can be set according to actual conductivity requirements and coolant flow rate, and the percentage also includes other embodiments besides this one, such as 8% or 35%. Specifically, when the percentage is set within the range of 10%-30%, it can provide sufficient flow cross-sectional area for the coolant while meeting structural support and conductivity requirements, avoiding increased flow resistance due to too many conductive pillars 7 or insufficient support and decreased conductivity due to too few conductive pillars 7.

[0040] Preferably, the conductive post 7 is cylindrical or elliptical. The cross-sectional shape of the conductive post 7 is designed to allow the coolant to flow around it uniformly. Specifically, the cylindrical and elliptical conductive posts 7 have smooth outer surfaces, which can reduce the resistance to coolant flow and reduce pressure loss. Simultaneously, this shape allows the coolant to flow around the conductive post 7, enhancing fluid turbulence and thus improving the heat exchange efficiency between the coolant and the plate 1. Those skilled in the art will understand that the shape of the conductive post 7 also includes other embodiments besides this one, such as streamlined columns or rhomboid columns, as long as it can achieve the functions of support, conductivity, and allowing liquid flow.

[0041] In a specific example, the plate 1 includes a first device plate, a second device plate, and a third device plate. Specifically, the outer side of the first device plate is provided with the hydrogen flow channel 2; the outer side of the second device plate is provided with the oxygen flow channel 3; the third device plate is located between the inner side of the first device plate and the inner side of the second device plate, and the two sides of the third device plate are respectively attached to or combined with the first device plate and the second device plate; the middle part of the third device plate is provided with a coolant flow channel 41, which forms a sealed cooling cavity 4 between the first device plate and the second device plate and in the middle of the third device plate. In this embodiment, the two ends of the conductive post 7 are respectively connected to the inner side of the first device plate and the inner side of the second device plate. Through this three-layer structure, the hydrogen flow channel, the oxygen flow channel, and the coolant flow channel 41 can be completely isolated, preventing cross-flow between hydrogen, oxygen, and coolant, and improving the safety and reliability of the fuel cell bipolar plate 100.

[0042] The connection method for the first device plate, the second device plate, and the third device plate can be welding, bonding, or integral molding, and the specific connection method can be set according to the actual situation.

[0043] In this embodiment, the first device plate, the second device plate, and the third device plate are integrally formed. Specifically, the integral forming process eliminates the assembly gaps between the device plates, improves the sealing performance of the cooling cavity 4, and prevents coolant leakage. Simultaneously, integral forming enhances the overall mechanical strength of the plate body 1, improving the compressive strength and service life of the fuel cell bipolar plate 100. Those skilled in the art will know that the integral forming method includes processes such as brazing, diffusion welding, or injection molding.

[0044] In one embodiment, when the coolant flow channel 41 extends in a serpentine shape in the middle of the third device plate, i.e., in a serpentine structure, the conductive posts 7 are distributed in the straight sections and / or curved sections of the serpentine flow channel.

[0045] Preferably, a sealing ring is provided at the edge of the first device plate. Specifically, the sealing ring is arranged around the outer periphery of the hydrogen flow channel 2. The sealing ring is used to form a seal when the fuel cell bipolar plate 100 is assembled with the membrane electrode assembly, thereby improving the airtightness of the hydrogen flow channel 2 and preventing leakage of reactant gases.

[0046] Preferably, the plate 1 is provided with multiple hydrogen mainstream holes 8. The hydrogen mainstream holes 8 are located at opposite corners of the plate 1. The hydrogen mainstream holes 8 are used to guide hydrogen flow. Specifically, placing the hydrogen mainstream holes 8 at opposite corners of the plate 1 allows for efficient use of the space within the plate 1, optimizes the inlet and outlet layout of the reaction gas, and enables the gas to enter from the corners and be evenly distributed throughout the flow channel area, thereby improving the uniformity of gas distribution and reaction efficiency.

[0047] In addition, such as Figure 5 As shown, this embodiment also proposes a fuel cell stack, including a plurality of fuel cell bipolar plates 100 as described above. The fuel cell bipolar plates 100 are arranged at intervals along the stacking direction, and the hydrogen mainstream holes 8 of each fuel cell bipolar plate 100 are aligned and connected in the stacking direction to form a common flow channel.

[0048] More specifically, each hydrogen main flow hole 8 is aligned and connected in the stacking direction to form a common hydrogen flow channel, realizing the longitudinal supply of reaction gas.

[0049] The hydrogen inlet and outlet of each of the fuel cell bipolar plates 100 are aligned and connected in the stacking direction to form a hydrogen main flow channel. The hydrogen is distributed through the hydrogen main flow channel to the hydrogen flow channel 2 in each of the fuel cell bipolar plates 100 (e.g., Figures 1-2 (as shown), to achieve hydrogen supply.

[0050] Oxygen is directly connected to the air through multiple oxygen channels 3 (oxygen channels 3 are transverse straight channels) in each of the bipolar plates 100 of the fuel cell to achieve oxygen supply (e.g. Figures 1-3 ).

[0051] The coolant inlets and outlets (i.e., coolant inlet 5 and coolant outlet 6) of each of the fuel cell bipolar plates 100 are aligned and connected in the stacking direction to form a coolant main channel. The coolant is distributed to the cooling chamber 4 of each fuel cell bipolar plate 100 through the coolant main channel (e.g., ...). Figures 1-4 It provides cooling and temperature uniformity functions.

[0052] In this embodiment, a membrane electrode assembly (not shown in the figure for simplicity) is provided between two adjacent fuel cell bipolar plates 100. The hydrogen flow channel 2 of the fuel cell bipolar plate 100 faces the anode side of one membrane electrode, and the oxygen flow channel 3 faces the cathode side of the other membrane electrode.

[0053] With the above structure, the hydrogen mainstream holes 8 of each fuel cell bipolar plate 100 form a through common flow channel in the stacking direction. The reaction gas can be injected from the end of the stack at once and distributed to each cell through the common flow channel. At the same time, the cooling cavity 4 is independent of the common flow channel, which can realize the spatial decoupling of heat flow and mass flow at the stack level, thereby improving temperature uniformity and heat dissipation efficiency.

[0054] In this embodiment, the embodiment further includes end plates 200 and fasteners 300. When multiple fuel cell bipolar plates 100 are stacked together to form a stack, end plates 200 are provided at both ends of the stack, and the end plates 200 at both ends of the stack are fixed to the stack by fasteners 300, i.e., the two ends of the fasteners 300 pass through the two end plates 200 respectively. Those skilled in the art will know that, in order to achieve the fixing effect, the fixing method can be selected according to actual needs. For example, bolts and nuts can be used, i.e., the two ends of the bolts pass through the two end plates 200 respectively, and are fixed by connecting nuts. This embodiment can also use other fixing methods, including but not limited to the above embodiments. The end plates 200 and the fuel cell bipolar plates 100 can also be connected by welding or bonding, and the specific connection method can be set according to the actual situation; then the fasteners 300 are used for further reinforcement.

[0055] In this embodiment, hydrogen gas enters the hydrogen flow channel 2 through the main hydrogen flow hole 8 on one side (hydrogen side) of the plate 1 and flows uniformly towards the membrane electrode; simultaneously, oxygen or air enters from the flow channel on the other side (oxygen side) of the plate 1 and is evenly distributed. At the membrane electrode, hydrogen and oxygen undergo an electrochemical reaction to generate electrical energy and release heat. Coolant enters the cooling chamber 4 from a coolant inlet 5 at a diagonal point of the plate 1, absorbs heat during its flow through the cooling chamber 4, and is discharged from another coolant outlet 6 at a diagonal point, forming a circulating cooling system. During this process, the conductive post 7 not only electrically connects the first and second device plates to conduct current, but also provides mechanical support to the cooling chamber 4 to prevent collapse, while allowing the coolant to flow smoothly.

[0056] In summary, the fuel cell bipolar plate and fuel cell stack proposed in this utility model have the following advantages:

[0057] By setting hydrogen flow channels on one side of the plate and oxygen flow channels on the other side, and incorporating a cooling chamber inside the plate, the thermal management performance of the fuel cell bipolar plate can be improved by simultaneously achieving the transfer of hydrogen and oxygen reactant gases and the circulation and heat dissipation of the coolant. Furthermore, by placing the coolant inlet and outlet at two opposite corners of the plate, the flow path of the coolant can be extended, improving the uniformity of heat transfer. In addition, this device employs a mass-heat-mass separation topology, placing the cooling chamber inside the plate to completely decouple the heat flow path from the hydrogen and oxygen mass flow path in three-dimensional space, thereby achieving better heat dissipation and temperature uniformity.

[0058] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this utility model and their equivalents, this utility model also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A fuel cell bipolar plate, characterized in that, Includes a plate; one side of the plate is provided with multiple hydrogen channels, and the other side is provided with multiple oxygen channels; The plate is provided with a hydrogen main flow hole, which is connected to one of the hydrogen channels. Hydrogen is distributed to the remaining hydrogen channels through one of the hydrogen channels to supply hydrogen. Oxygen is directly connected to the air through multiple oxygen channels to supply oxygen. The plate body is provided with a cooling cavity; a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet are respectively provided at two opposite corners of the plate body, the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet are respectively located at both ends of the cooling cavity and are connected to the cooling cavity.

2. The fuel cell bipolar plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The depth of the cooling cavity ranges from 0.2 to 1.0 cm.

3. The fuel cell bipolar plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling cavity may have a serpentine or rectangular shape.

4. The fuel cell bipolar plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling cavity is provided with a plurality of conductive pillars, and the conductive pillars are perpendicular to the plate; the plurality of conductive pillars are evenly distributed in the cooling cavity.

5. The fuel cell bipolar plate as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The total cross-sectional area of ​​the plurality of conductive pillars is 10%-30% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the cooling cavity.

6. The fuel cell bipolar plate as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The conductive pillar is cylindrical or elliptical, and its cross-sectional shape is configured to allow the coolant to flow through it uniformly.

7. The fuel cell bipolar plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The plate body includes a first device plate, a second device plate, and a third device plate; the outer side of the first device plate is provided with the hydrogen flow channel; the outer side of the second device plate is provided with the oxygen flow channel; the third device plate is located between the inner side of the first device plate and the inner side of the second device plate, and the two sides of the third device plate are respectively attached to the first device plate and the second device plate; the middle part of the third device plate is provided with a coolant flow channel, and the coolant flow channel forms a sealed cooling cavity between the first device plate and the second device plate and the middle part of the third device plate.

8. The fuel cell bipolar plate as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The hydrogen flow channel, oxygen flow channel, and cooling cavity form a sandwich topology with mass-heat-mass separation in the thickness direction of the plate; the sandwich topology is integrally formed; the sandwich topology is made of metal or graphite material, and a high thermal conductivity film and a high electrical conductivity film are coated on the surface of the material.

9. The fuel cell bipolar plate as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen mainstream orifice is located at the diagonal part of the plate; the hydrogen mainstream orifice is used to guide the flow of hydrogen.

10. A fuel cell stack comprising a plurality of fuel cell bipolar plates as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The bipolar plates of each fuel cell are arranged at intervals along the stacking direction, and the hydrogen mainstream holes of each fuel cell bipolar plate are aligned and connected in the stacking direction to form a common flow channel. The coolant inlet and coolant outlet of each of the fuel cell bipolar plates are aligned and connected in the stacking direction to form a coolant main channel, through which the coolant is distributed to the cooling chamber of each of the fuel cell bipolar plates. The hydrogen inlet and outlet of each of the fuel cell bipolar plates are aligned and connected in the stacking direction to form a hydrogen mainstream channel, through which the hydrogen is distributed to the hydrogen flow channel in each of the fuel cell bipolar plates. Oxygen is directly connected to the air through multiple oxygen channels in each of the bipolar plates of the fuel cell.

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