Energy-absorbing end head structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of traffic facility engineering, in particular to an energy-absorbing end head structure, which comprises a support mechanism, a plurality of frames and two connecting rods, the connecting rods are connected among the frames, and the two connecting rods are respectively connected to the bottoms of two sides of the frames; the guardrail mechanism comprises a corrugated plate arranged on one side of the frame and an end plate connected with the corrugated plate. The energy absorption mechanism comprises a guide pipe penetrating through the interiors of the frames and an energy absorption pipe arranged in the guide pipe in a sleeving mode and close to the end, a plurality of notches in the same extending direction as the guide pipe are formed in the end, facing the end, of the guide pipe, and the energy absorption pipe is arranged in the direction facing the end plate; the inclined strut mechanism comprises an inclined rod connected between the side, away from the end, of the guide pipe and the ground, and a fixing column connecting the other end of the inclined rod to the ground. The fixing mechanism comprises a base connected with the connecting rod and a stand column which is connected with the base and extends into the ground. And through the multi-stage energy absorption and stable structure design, the collision impact force is effectively relieved, and the safety and impact resistance of the end area are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of transportation infrastructure engineering technology, and in particular to an energy-absorbing end structure. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous increase in the mileage of expressways in my country and the widespread use of cars, the frequency of traffic accidents is also gradually rising, especially those occurring at guardrail ends and exit triangles. As a crucial part of expressway traffic safety facilities, the design of expressway guardrail ends is vital for ensuring driving safety and reducing injuries in traffic accidents. To improve road traffic safety, the "Design Specifications for Highway Traffic Safety Facilities" (JTGD81-2017) clearly requires that guardrail ends facing traffic flow on expressways should be equipped with crash barriers or end caps installed in front of the guardrail ends, especially in situations where outward extension is not possible. Optimizing the guardrail end structure reduces the impact force during vehicle collisions, thereby reducing the risk of injury in traffic accidents.

[0003] In existing technologies, some energy-absorbing structures at the end utilize the principle of plastic deformation, absorbing impact energy through structural or material deformation during a vehicle collision. These devices are typically composed of materials with good deformability, enabling them to undergo predetermined deformation during a collision, thereby effectively mitigating the transmission of impact forces and reducing the degree of vehicle damage.

[0004] However, the inventors have found that while existing deformable energy-absorbing devices can effectively handle low-intensity collisions and exert a certain energy-absorbing effect in practical use, their energy-absorbing effect is significantly weakened when facing high-intensity collisions, making them unable to effectively withstand large impact forces. Therefore, a technical solution that can solve the above-mentioned technical problems is urgently needed. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of at least one of the above technical problems, the present invention provides an energy-absorbing end structure.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present invention, an energy-absorbing end structure is provided, comprising:

[0007] The support mechanism includes multiple frames and connecting rods connecting the multiple frames. The connecting rods are two in number and are respectively connected to the bottom of both sides of the frames.

[0008] The guardrail mechanism includes a corrugated plate disposed on one side of the frame and an end plate connected to the corrugated plate;

[0009] The energy absorption mechanism includes guide tubes passing through the interior of multiple frames, an energy absorption tube sleeved inside the guide tubes near the end, a plurality of slots in the same direction of extension as the guide tubes are opened at one end facing the end, and the energy absorption tube is arranged towards the end plate.

[0010] The diagonal bracing mechanism includes a diagonal rod connecting the guide tube to the ground on the side away from the end, and a fixed column connecting the other end of the diagonal rod to the ground.

[0011] The fixing mechanism includes a base connected to the connecting rod and a column connected to the base and extending into the ground.

[0012] In some embodiments of this utility model, a connecting frame is fixedly connected between the two frames near the end.

[0013] In some embodiments of this utility model, an energy-absorbing member connected to the frame is provided between the frame and the end plate near the end, and the energy-absorbing portion of the energy-absorbing member is arranged towards the end plate.

[0014] In some embodiments of this utility model, the energy-absorbing component is U-shaped, including two mounting plates that are fixedly connected to the frame respectively, and a protruding plate disposed between the two mounting plates, the protruding plate facing the end plate.

[0015] In some embodiments of this utility model, the end plate has an arc-shaped structure.

[0016] In some embodiments of this utility model, one end of the end plate is connected to the waveform plate, and the other end is suspended.

[0017] In some embodiments of this utility model, the energy-absorbing tube includes a connecting tube sleeved inside the guide tube, and a flared tube connected to the connecting tube and extending outside the guide tube. The flared tube is configured with a variable diameter, with the diameter near the end being larger than the diameter near the connecting tube.

[0018] In some embodiments of this utility model, the frame also has a connecting plate, and the large-diameter end of the energy-absorbing tube is connected to the connecting plate.

[0019] In some embodiments of this utility model, a plurality of elongated holes are provided in the trough of the connection between the waveform plate and the frame in the extending direction.

[0020] In some embodiments of this utility model, the fixing column and the upright column are driven into each other.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: By setting guide tubes inside multiple frames and providing energy-absorbing tubes near the ends of the guide tubes, the energy-absorbing tubes can undergo controllable plastic deformation upon impact. Combined with multiple slots at the ends of the guide tubes, these slots expand upon impact, creating an explosive state, effectively absorbing and dispersing impact energy, significantly reducing the impact force during vehicle collisions and lowering the risk of personal injury. The support mechanism uses a combination of multiple frames and connecting rods, enhancing the overall impact resistance and stability of the structure. The diagonal bracing mechanism further optimizes the force transmission path by connecting the guide tubes to the ground and underground fixed columns, preventing overall instability of the device during impact. The fixing mechanism achieves a stable connection between the end structure and the ground through the base and the column, ensuring the reliability of the device during long-term use. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the energy-absorbing end structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the end portion of the energy-absorbing end structure in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the energy-absorbing end structure from another angle in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 4 As an embodiment of this utility model Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the energy absorption mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the energy-absorbing component in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0029] Reference numerals: 1. Support mechanism; 11. Frame; 12. Connecting rod; 13. Connecting frame; 14. Connecting plate; 2. Guardrail mechanism; 21. Corrugated plate; 21a. Oblong hole; 22. End plate; 3. Energy absorption mechanism; 31. Guide tube; 32. Energy absorption tube; 32a. Connecting tube; 32b. Flared tube; 33. Groove; 34. Energy absorption component; 34a. Mounting plate; 34b. Protruding plate; 4. Diagonal bracing mechanism; 41. Diagonal bar; 42. Fixed column; 5. Fixing mechanism; 51. Base; 52. Column. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments.

[0031] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" another element, it can be directly attached to the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0033] like Figures 1 to 6 The energy-absorbing end structure shown includes:

[0034] The support mechanism 1 includes multiple frames 11 and connecting rods 12 connecting the multiple frames 11. There are two connecting rods 12, which are respectively connected to the bottom of both sides of the frame 11.

[0035] The guardrail mechanism 2 includes a corrugated plate 21 disposed on one side of the frame 11 and an end plate 22 connected to the corrugated plate 21;

[0036] The energy absorption mechanism 3 includes a guide tube 31 that passes through the interior of multiple frames 11, an energy absorption tube 32 that is sleeved inside the guide tube 31 near the end, and multiple slots 33 that extend in the same direction as the guide tube 31 are opened at the end facing the end. The energy absorption tube 32 is arranged in the direction of the end plate 22.

[0037] The diagonal bracing mechanism 4 includes a diagonal rod 41 connected between the guide tube 31 on the side away from the end and the ground, and a fixed column 42 connecting the other end of the diagonal rod 41 to the ground.

[0038] The fixing mechanism 5 includes a base 51 connected to the connecting rod 12 and a column 52 connected to the base 51 and extending into the ground.

[0039] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this utility model incorporates guide tubes 31 within multiple frames 11, and energy-absorbing tubes 32 near the ends of the guide tubes 31. The energy-absorbing tubes 32 undergo controllable plastic deformation upon impact. Combined with multiple slots 33 at the ends of the guide tubes 31, these slots expand upon impact, effectively absorbing and dispersing impact energy, significantly reducing the impact force during vehicle collisions and lowering the risk of personal injury. The support mechanism 1 combines multiple frames 11 with connecting rods 12, enhancing the overall impact resistance and stability of the structure. The diagonal bracing mechanism 4 connects the guide tubes 31 to the ground and underground fixed columns 42, further optimizing the force transmission path and preventing overall instability during impact. The fixing mechanism 5 achieves a stable connection between the end structure and the ground through the base 51 and the column 52, ensuring the reliability of the device during long-term use.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, a connecting frame 13 is fixedly connected between the two frames 11 near the ends. The connecting frame 13, positioned between the two frames 11 near the ends, significantly improves the overall rigidity and stability of the end structure. By firmly connecting the two key load-bearing frames 11 through the connecting frame 13, a unified and collaborative load-bearing unit is formed. In the event of a vehicle collision, this helps prevent relative displacement or local warping between the frames 11, thereby maintaining the alignment and deformation path stability of the energy-absorbing mechanism 3 (such as the guide tube 31 and the energy-absorbing tube 32) during the impact process, and preventing a weakening of the energy-absorbing effect due to structural displacement. Furthermore, the connecting frame 13 can also evenly distribute the load to the two frames 11 when the collision energy is concentrated at the end, effectively reducing the stress concentration on a single structural component and improving the overall structure's impact resistance and safety redundancy.

[0041] like Figure 6As shown, an energy-absorbing component 34 connected to the frame 11 is located between the frame 11 and the end plate 22 near the end. The energy-absorbing portion of the energy-absorbing component 34 is positioned towards the end plate 22. The energy-absorbing component 34, positioned between the frame 11 and the end plate 22 near the end, with its energy-absorbing portion facing the end plate 22, provides significant buffering and energy absorption effects. When a vehicle experiences a frontal collision and first contacts the end plate 22, the impact force will directly act on the energy-absorbing portion of the energy-absorbing component 34. Because the energy-absorbing component 34 is located between the frame 11 and the end plate 22, its structure can undergo a pre-set plastic deformation after being subjected to force, thereby rapidly absorbing a large amount of energy in the initial collision phase, acting as an early buffer and reducing the impact burden on the rear energy-absorbing structures (such as the energy-absorbing tube 32). This design forms a synergistic mechanism of front-mounted energy absorption and main energy absorption, which not only improves the overall energy absorption efficiency of the device but also ensures that the impact force can be more effectively transferred and dispersed throughout the entire structure through the connection between the energy-absorbing component 34 and the frame 11, avoiding energy concentration that could lead to localized damage or failure. It should be noted that the energy-absorbing component 34 can take many forms, such as corrugated or folded metal plates, honeycomb structures, grid structures, or other energy-absorbing structural forms.

[0042] Continue to refer to Figure 6 As shown, the energy-absorbing component 34 is U-shaped, comprising two mounting plates 34a fixedly connected to the frame 11, and a protruding plate 34b positioned between the two mounting plates 34a, with the protruding plate 34b facing the end plate 22. In a frontal collision, the end plate 22 is the first to be impacted, transmitting the impact force to the protruding plate 34b. Because the protruding plate 34b is located between the two mounting plates 34a and protrudes outwards, its structural features make it the initial stress point, allowing it to quickly bend, compress, or yield upon impact. This deformation process significantly absorbs the energy generated by the collision, acting as an early buffer and reducing the load on the rear main energy-absorbing mechanism 3. The protruding plate 34b and the mounting plates 34a form a semi-enclosed structure, providing excellent resistance to lateral deformation. The deformation path is controlled, helping to avoid deviation or structural instability during energy transfer. Furthermore, the U-shaped structure is easy to manufacture, process, and replace, offering good engineering adaptability and cost control advantages.

[0043] like Figure 3 As shown, the end plate 22 has an arc-shaped structure. The arc design can effectively guide the vehicle's direction of travel during a collision, and to a certain extent reduce the frontal impact angle between the vehicle and the guardrail, thus reducing the severe impact force from a direct collision. At the same time, the arc contour helps to deflect the vehicle to one side of the guardrail, reducing the possibility of the guardrail plate directly penetrating the vehicle, and improving secondary safety in traffic accidents.

[0044] like Figure 2As shown, one end of the end plate 22 is connected to the corrugated plate 21, while the other end is suspended. This design ensures structural integrity and rigid connection while providing space for free deformation of the end plate 22, effectively buffering impact forces in the initial stages of a collision, delaying energy transfer, and improving overall energy absorption efficiency. The suspended end can undergo slight displacement or deformation under stress, avoiding stress concentration or rigidity failure caused by double-end fixing, thus enhancing the structure's flexible response capability. Simultaneously, this structure helps guide the colliding vehicle to one side of the guardrail, reducing the frontal impact angle and lowering the risk of secondary accidents.

[0045] To ensure that the slot in the guide tube 31 explodes at a set angle during the impact, such as Figure 5 As shown, the energy-absorbing tube 32 includes a connecting tube 32a sleeved inside the guide tube 31, and a flared tube 32b connected to the connecting tube 32a and extending outside the guide tube 31. The flared tube 32b has a variable diameter, with the diameter near the end being larger than the diameter near the connecting tube. The flared tube 32b in the energy-absorbing tube 32 adopts a variable diameter structure, and its flared end is directly in contact with the groove 33 section of the guide tube 31. When a collision occurs, the flared tube 32b moves inward along the guiding direction under the push of the connecting tube 32a. Because the size of the flared end is larger than the internal space of the groove 33 section, radial interference occurs during the advancement, thereby forcing the groove 33 section of the guide tube 31 to tear or burst, achieving controlled induced failure. This structure utilizes the radial expansion force generated by the advancement of the flared tube 32b to effectively trigger the failure process of the groove 33 section at the end of the guide tube 31, releasing a large amount of impact energy and converting it into structural plastic deformation energy, achieving a stable and efficient energy absorption process. Compared to the energy absorption method of single pipe compression or yielding, this type of induced failure mechanism has advantages such as large energy absorption, fast response speed and clear structural deformation path, which can significantly improve the impact resistance of the structure in high-intensity collisions.

[0046] To prevent the energy absorption mechanism 3 from shifting its position during an impact, such as Figure 2 As shown, the frame 11 also has a connecting plate 14, and the large-diameter end of the energy-absorbing tube 32 is connected to the connecting plate 14. The connecting plate 14 is provided on the frame 11, and the large-diameter end of the energy-absorbing tube 32 is fixedly connected to the connecting plate 14. This can form a clear stress starting point and support base in the structure, ensuring that the large-diameter end of the energy-absorbing tube 32 will not shift or become unstable when subjected to impact force, thereby ensuring that the energy-absorbing tube 32 is stably advanced in a predetermined direction and triggers the destructive deformation of the groove 33 section of the guide tube 31.

[0047] To ensure that the corrugated plate 21 has a certain degree of deformation and yielding during impact, such as Figure 4As shown, several elongated holes 21a are provided in the trough extending from the connection point between the corrugated plate 21 and the frame 11. This helps to improve the flexible deformation capacity and controllable yielding performance of the corrugated plate 21 during impact. The presence of the elongated holes 21a allows the stress concentration area of ​​the corrugated plate 21 to preferentially undergo plastic deformation near the hole locations when subjected to impact loads, thereby guiding the structure to bend or yield along a predetermined path and effectively absorbing some of the impact energy. In addition, this structure can reduce the rigidity of the connection, reducing the risk of tearing or fracture due to excessive rigidity during impact and enhancing the overall toughness of the structure. The distribution of the elongated holes 21a also provides a certain space for thermal expansion and contraction or small displacement between the corrugated plate 21 and the frame 11, which is beneficial to improving the connection reliability and long-term service performance.

[0048] In some embodiments of this utility model, the fixed column 42 and the upright column 52 are installed by driving them in. This method of installation offers advantages such as simple construction, high installation efficiency, and strong site adaptability. During on-site construction, driving-in installation eliminates the need for complex foundation pretreatment or concrete foundations; the column can be directly driven into the ground, making it particularly suitable for highways, slopes, soft soil, or temporary construction environments. This method significantly shortens the installation cycle, reduces construction costs, and ensures a tight connection between the upright column 52 and the ground, improving the pull-out resistance and overall stability of the end structure under stress.

[0049] Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An energy absorbing nose structure, characterized by include: The support mechanism includes multiple frames and connecting rods connecting the multiple frames. The connecting rods are two in number and are respectively connected to the bottom of both sides of the frames. The guardrail mechanism includes a corrugated plate disposed on one side of the frame and an end plate connected to the corrugated plate; The energy absorption mechanism includes guide tubes passing through the interior of multiple frames, an energy absorption tube sleeved inside the guide tubes near the end, a plurality of slots in the same direction of extension as the guide tubes are opened at one end facing the end, and the energy absorption tube is arranged toward the end plate. The diagonal bracing mechanism includes a diagonal rod connecting the guide tube to the ground on the side away from the end, and a fixed column connecting the other end of the diagonal rod to the ground. The fixing mechanism includes a base connected to the connecting rod and a column connected to the base and extending into the ground.

2. The energy absorbing nose structure of claim 1, wherein A connecting frame is fixedly connected between the two frames near the ends.

3. The energy absorbing nose structure of claim 1, wherein Near the end, there is an energy-absorbing element connected to the frame between the frame and the end plate, and the energy-absorbing portion of the energy-absorbing element is arranged towards the end plate.

4. The energy absorbing nose structure of claim 3, wherein The energy-absorbing component is U-shaped and includes two mounting plates that are fixedly connected to the frame, and a protruding plate disposed between the two mounting plates, with the protruding plate facing the end plate.

5. The energy absorbing nose structure of claim 1 wherein, The end plate has an arc-shaped structure.

6. The energy absorbing nose structure of claim 5, wherein One end of the end plate is connected to the waveform plate, and the other end is suspended in the air.

7. The energy absorbing nose structure of claim 1 wherein, The energy-absorbing tube includes a connecting tube sleeved inside the guide tube, and a flared tube connected to the connecting tube and extending outside the guide tube. The flared tube is configured with a variable diameter, with the diameter near the end being larger than the diameter near the connecting tube.

8. The energy absorbing nose structure of claim 7, wherein The frame also has a connecting plate, and the large-diameter end of the energy-absorbing tube is connected to the connecting plate.

9. The energy-absorbing end structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Several elongated holes are provided at the troughs where the wave plate connects to the frame, extending in the direction of the wave.

10. The energy absorbing nose structure of any of claims 1-8, wherein, The fixed column and the upright column are driven into each other.

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