Graphitization cathode roasting furnace for aluminum electrolysis

Abstract

The utility model relates to a roasting furnace, in particular to a graphitized cathode roasting furnace for aluminum electrolysis, which comprises a furnace body used for roasting cathode blocks, a plurality of supporting seats are fixedly arranged in the furnace body, and a plurality of gas dispersing plates are fixedly arranged at the upper end of the inner wall of the furnace body in an annular array mode. A plurality of gas inlets used for injecting nitrogen or argon are formed in the side wall of the furnace body in an annular array mode, and the gas inlets communicate with the gas dispersing plate; the support comprises a plurality of supporting legs, a plurality of placing discs are fixedly arranged at the upper ends of the supporting legs, adjusting rods are arranged in the supporting legs in a sliding mode, the lower ends of the supporting legs are arranged in the supporting bases in an inserted connection mode, locking components used for fixing the supporting legs are arranged in the supporting bases in a sliding mode, and each locking component is composed of two rotating blocks and the like. During mounting, the lower ends of the supporting legs apply force to enable the rotating blocks to be parallel and the convex blocks to be clamped and fixed; after roasting, the adjusting rod is pressed to enable the rotating block to rotate reversely, the protruding block is separated and unlocked, the adjusting rod can reset, the structure is stable, operation is convenient, and efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a roasting furnace, and more particularly to a graphitized cathode roasting furnace for aluminum electrolysis. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of aluminum electrolysis technology, the current intensity of electrolytic cells is constantly increasing, and the requirements for the conductivity, corrosion resistance, and heat resistance of cathode materials are also becoming more and more stringent. Graphitized cathode carbon blocks, due to their excellent conductivity, thermal conductivity, resistance to sodium corrosion, and thermal shock resistance, can meet the needs of current enhancement and energy saving in large electrolytic cells, and are gradually becoming the mainstream choice in the aluminum electrolysis industry.

[0003] Chinese patent CN218627749U, entitled "A Graphite Cathode Calcining Furnace," describes a calcining furnace that utilizes the temperature difference between a high-temperature chamber used for primary calcination and a low-temperature chamber used for secondary calcination. The furnace transfers the waste heat from the high-temperature chamber to the low-temperature chamber, where it exchanges heat with clean air before being introduced into the interlayer cavity of the low-temperature chamber for insulation. The heated clean air can then be directly introduced into the low-temperature chamber to provide part of the secondary calcination temperature, significantly reducing fuel consumption for secondary calcination.

[0004] However, when traditional roasting furnaces roast graphitized cathodes for aluminum electrolysis at high temperatures, problems such as cathode block oxidation, unstable support causing wobbling, and cumbersome support disassembly after roasting affecting efficiency are prone to occur. Utility Model Content

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a graphitized cathode calcination furnace for aluminum electrolysis to solve the problems raised in related technologies.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, according to one aspect of the present invention, a graphitized cathode calcination furnace for aluminum electrolysis is provided, comprising a furnace body for calcining cathode blocks, a sealing cover being detachably provided on the furnace body, a plurality of support seats being fixedly provided inside the furnace body, a plurality of gas diffusers being fixedly arranged in a ring array on the upper end of the inner wall of the furnace body, and a plurality of gas inlets for injecting nitrogen or argon being opened in a ring array through the side wall of the furnace body, the gas inlets being connected to the gas diffusers.

[0007] It also includes a bracket, which includes several support legs. Several placement plates for placing cathode blocks are fixedly arranged at the upper ends of the support legs. Adjustment rods are slidably arranged inside each support leg, and the lower ends of the support legs are respectively inserted into support bases. Locking components for fixing the support legs are slidably arranged inside the support bases.

[0008] Furthermore, the furnace body includes a furnace chamber, an insulation layer is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the furnace chamber, and a reflector is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the furnace chamber.

[0009] Furthermore, the diffuser plate has a cavity on the side near the reflector screen, the cavity is connected to the air inlet, and the diffuser plate has several air holes on the other side that are connected to the cavity.

[0010] Furthermore, each of the support legs is provided with an installation groove, and the support legs are symmetrically provided with grooves communicating with the installation grooves. The support legs are also provided with limiting grooves communicating with the installation grooves, and the outer sides of the support legs are symmetrically provided with slots communicating with the grooves.

[0011] Furthermore, a connecting block is symmetrically fixedly connected to the lower end of the adjusting rod. The connecting block is triangular prism-shaped. A ring-shaped limiting plate is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the adjusting rod. The adjusting rod is slidably installed in the mounting groove. The connecting block is slidably installed in the groove. The limiting plate is slidably installed in the limiting groove. A spring is sleeved on the outer wall of the adjusting rod. One end of the spring is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the limiting plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the limiting groove.

[0012] Furthermore, the support base has an insertion hole and a column groove communicating with the insertion hole. The lower end of the support leg is inserted into the insertion hole, and the support base has several sliding grooves communicating with the column groove.

[0013] Furthermore, the locking component includes a first rotating block and a second rotating block that are rotatably connected. A connecting plate is fixedly connected to one end of both the first rotating block and the second rotating block. A protrusion is fixedly connected to one side of the connecting plate. A ball bearing is rotatably connected to one bottom end of both the first rotating block and the second rotating block. The ball bearing is rolled and installed in the slide groove.

[0014] Furthermore, when the support leg is inserted and fixed in the support base, the first rotating block and the second rotating block are arranged in parallel, and the protrusion is engaged in the slot; when the support leg is pulled out from the support base, the first rotating block and the second rotating block form an acute angle with the opening facing downward.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. In this graphitized cathode calcination furnace for aluminum electrolysis, the lower end of the support leg is inserted into the support base, and a locking component is provided inside the support base. The locking component consists of two rotating blocks, etc. During installation, force is applied to the lower end of the support leg to make the rotating blocks parallel and the protrusions snap into place. After calcination, pressing the adjustment rod makes the rotating blocks rotate in the opposite direction, the protrusions disengage and unlock, and the adjustment rod can be reset. This structure is stable and easy to operate, improving efficiency.

[0017] 2. In this graphitization cathode calcination furnace for aluminum electrolysis, a gas diffuser plate is provided. A cavity is opened on the side of the gas diffuser plate near the reflector screen, which is connected to the gas inlet. A gas diffuser hole is opened on the other side. The furnace body is in the shape of two symmetrically arranged frustums. The side walls are inclined so that the gas diffuser plate is tilted towards the cathode block on the placement plate. Nitrogen or argon gas is injected into the cavity through the gas inlet and then blown evenly onto the cathode block through the gas diffuser hole. This can effectively prevent the cathode block from oxidizing, improve the graphitization quality, and ensure that the performance of the cathode block meets the requirements of aluminum electrolysis production. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the graphitized cathode calcination furnace for aluminum electrolysis in a preferred embodiment of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a plan view of the internal structure of the graphitized cathode calcination furnace for aluminum electrolysis in a preferred embodiment of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the bracket in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a plan view of the support base in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the support base in a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure label:

[0026] 1. Furnace body; 11. Furnace chamber; 12. Insulation layer; 13. Reflector; 14. Air inlet;

[0027] 2. Bracket; 21. Support leg; 211. Mounting slot; 212. Groove; 213. Limiting slot; 214. Spring;

[0028] 22. Placement tray; 23. Adjustment rod; 231. Limiting plate; 232. Connecting block;

[0029] 3. Support base; 31. Insertion hole; 32. Column groove; 33. Locking component; 331. First rotating block; 332. Second rotating block; 333. Connecting plate; 334. Protrusion; 335. Ball bearing; 34. Slide groove;

[0030] 4. Vent plate; 41. Cavity; 42. Vent hole;

[0031] 5. Cathode block; 6. Sealing cover. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by this utility model in order to achieve the intended utility model purpose, the following detailed description of the specific implementation methods, structure, features and effects of this utility model is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0033] This embodiment provides a graphitized cathode calcination furnace for aluminum electrolysis, including a furnace body 1 for calcining cathode blocks 5. A sealing cover 6 is detachably installed on the furnace body 1. Several support seats 3 are fixedly installed inside the furnace body 1. Several gas diffuser plates 4 are fixedly installed in a ring array on the upper end of the inner wall of the furnace body 1. Several gas inlets 14 for injecting nitrogen or argon are opened in a ring array through the side wall of the furnace body 1. The gas inlets 14 are connected to the gas diffuser plates 4.

[0034] It also includes a bracket 2, which includes several support legs 21. Several placement plates 22 for placing cathode blocks 5 are fixedly arranged at the upper ends of the support legs 21. Adjustment rods 23 are slidably arranged in each support leg 21. The lower ends of the support legs 21 are respectively inserted into the support base 3. Locking components 33 for fixing the support legs 21 are slidably arranged in the support base 3.

[0035] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the furnace body 1 includes a furnace chamber 11, which is made of high-temperature resistant materials, such as high-purity graphite or carbon-carbon composite materials, to ensure that it can withstand a high temperature of at least 3000°C. A heat insulation layer 12 is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the furnace chamber 11 to effectively reduce heat loss during the firing process of the cathode block 5. A reflector screen 13 is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the furnace chamber 11, preferably a metallized ceramic reflector screen, which can not only reduce heat loss more effectively, but also improve temperature uniformity by reflecting heat. Moreover, the reflector screen 13 can maintain its reflective performance at high temperatures and will not fail due to oxidation or other chemical reactions.

[0036] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a cavity 41 is provided on the side of the gas diffuser plate 4 near the reflector screen 13. The cavity 41 is connected to the air inlet 14. Several gas diffuser holes 42 connected to the cavity 41 are provided on the other side of the gas diffuser plate 4. The furnace body 1 is in the shape of two symmetrically arranged frustums. Therefore, its sidewalls are inclined. The gas diffuser plate 4 is inclined towards the cathode block 5 on the placement plate 22. Nitrogen or argon gas is injected into the cavity 41 through the air inlet 14 and then blown evenly onto the cathode block 5 through the gas diffuser holes 42, which effectively prevents the cathode block 5 from oxidizing and improves the graphitization quality.

[0037] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, several cathode blocks 5 can be placed on the placement tray 22, and graphite felt is fixedly arranged around the cathode blocks 5 on the placement tray 22 to prevent the cathode blocks 5 from contacting each other. The graphite felt can be compressed and deformed to a certain extent. During the firing process, there will be a certain degree of vibration in the furnace and thermal stress caused by temperature changes. These factors may cause the cathode blocks 5 to undergo slight displacement. If the cathode blocks 5 are in direct contact with each other, they are prone to collision during the displacement process, which may cause damage, cracks or even local breakage on the surface of the cathode blocks 5. During the firing process, the carbon atoms of the cathode blocks 5 are rearranged into the layered crystal structure unique to graphite, which can meet the high requirements for cathode materials in the aluminum electrolysis production process.

[0038] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, each of the support legs 21 has an installation groove 211, and the support legs 21 have symmetrical grooves 212 that communicate with the installation grooves 211. The support legs 21 also have a limiting groove 213 that communicates with the installation grooves 211, and the outer side of the support legs 21 has symmetrical slots that communicate with the grooves 212.

[0039] like Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a connecting block 232 is symmetrically fixedly connected to the lower end of the adjusting rod 23. The connecting block 232 is triangular prism-shaped. A ring-shaped limiting plate 231 is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the adjusting rod 23. The adjusting rod 23 is slidably installed in the mounting groove 211. The connecting block 232 is slidably installed in the groove 212. The limiting plate 231 is slidably installed in the limiting groove 213. A spring 214 is sleeved on the outer wall of the adjusting rod 23. One end of the spring 214 is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the limiting plate 231, and the other end is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the limiting groove 213.

[0040] like Figure 7 As shown, the support base 3 has an insertion hole 31, and the support base 3 also has a column groove 32 communicating with the insertion hole 31. The lower end of the support leg 21 is inserted into the insertion hole 31, and the support base 3 has a plurality of sliding grooves 34 communicating with the column groove 32.

[0041] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the locking component 33 includes a first rotating block 331 and a second rotating block 332 that are rotatably connected, allowing them to rotate relative to each other within a certain angle range. A connecting plate 333 is fixedly connected to one end of both the first rotating block 331 and the second rotating block 332. A protrusion 334 is fixedly connected to one side of the connecting plate 333. A ball bearing 335 is rotatably connected to one bottom end of both the first rotating block 331 and the second rotating block 332. The ball bearing 335 is rolled in the slide groove 34. The function of the ball bearing 335 is to reduce the friction of the locking component 33 when it slides, so that the locking component 33 can move more smoothly.

[0042] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, when the support leg 21 is inserted and fixed in the support base 3, the first rotating block 331 and the second rotating block 332 are arranged in parallel, and the protrusion 334 is snapped into the slot; when the support leg 21 is pulled out from the support base 3, the first rotating block 331 and the second rotating block 332 form an acute angle with the opening facing downward; the outer wall of the connecting plate 333 and the inner wall of the column groove 32 are both coated with a magnetic layer, and the magnetic force between the magnetic layers will cause the first rotating block 331 and the second rotating block 332 to attract each other and maintain a specific angular relationship, so that the locking component 33 presents a stable W-shaped state.

[0043] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, when installing bracket 2, the support leg 21 is aligned with the insertion hole 31 and inserted. The lower end of the support leg 21 will contact the locking component 33. As the support leg 21 continues to be inserted, its lower end will apply an upward force to the locking component 33. This force will cause the first rotating block 331 and the second rotating block 332 to overcome the magnetic force between the magnetic layers and gradually rotate and tend to be parallel. During this process, the connecting plate 333 rotates accordingly, and the protrusion 334 gradually engages in the slot, thus fixing the support leg 21 and preventing it from accidentally shaking and falling off. After the cathode block 5 is baked, bracket 2 needs to be removed from the furnace body 1. At this time, press down the adjusting rod 23, and the connecting block 232 will slide down along the groove 212 and gradually contact the protrusion 334. Since the connecting block 232 is continuously subjected to a downward force, it will apply a horizontal squeezing force to the protrusion 334 towards the outside of the slot, squeezing the protrusion 334 outward from the slot. This force is transmitted to the first rotating block 331 through the connecting plate 333. On the rotating block 331 and the second rotating block 332, the two rotating blocks that were originally in a parallel and clamped state are subjected to external force again. Under the push of the squeezing force, the first rotating block 331 and the second rotating block 332 begin to rotate in opposite directions around the hinge point between them. The included angle between them gradually increases. The protrusion 334 that was originally tightly clamped in the slot gradually comes out of the slot. As the protrusion 334 comes out, the fixing effect of the locking component 33 on the support leg 21 is also released. The support leg 21 loses the constraint from the locking component 33. During this process, the limiting plate 231 slides down along the limiting groove 213 to squeeze the spring 214. Then the support leg 21 can be pulled up to remove the bracket 2, and the adjusting rod 23 slides up to reset under the action of the spring 214.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, during the roasting process of cathode block 5, inert protective gases such as nitrogen or argon are continuously introduced into the furnace body 1 to create an oxygen-free or low-oxygen roasting environment, prevent the cathode block 5 from being oxidized, and ensure roasting quality. However, as the roasting time extends, the gas in the furnace may gradually become excessive due to continuous introduction. Therefore, several through holes are provided on the sealing cover 6, and miniature one-way valves are fixedly installed in the through holes. When there is an excess of nitrogen or argon in the furnace body 1, the gas inside is discharged through the through holes to avoid the increase of gas pressure in the furnace body 1 from causing damage. In addition, the one-way valve effectively prevents external air from entering the furnace body 1.

[0045] In practical use, several cathode blocks 5 are evenly placed on each placement tray 22. The assembled bracket 2 is hoisted into the furnace body 1. The support leg 21 is slowly inserted into the insertion hole 31 on the support base 3. During insertion, the lower end of the support leg 21 contacts the locking component 33. As insertion continues, the lower end of the support leg 21 applies an upward force to the locking component 33, overcoming the magnetic force between the magnetic layers. This causes the first rotating block 331 and the second rotating block 332 to gradually rotate and become parallel. The connecting plate 333 rotates accordingly, and the protrusion 334 gradually engages in the slot on the outside of the support leg 21, thus fixing the support leg 21 and preventing it from accidentally shaking and falling off. After the bracket 2 is installed, the sealing cover 6 is installed on the furnace body 1. Nitrogen or helium is injected into the cavity 41 through the air inlet 14 and then blown evenly onto the placement tray 22 through the air outlet 42. The cathode block 5 on the top effectively prevents oxidation of the cathode block 5. The heating system of the roasting furnace is started to heat the furnace chamber 11, so that the temperature inside the furnace gradually rises to the suitable roasting temperature. After roasting, wait for the temperature inside the furnace to drop to the safe operating temperature, open the sealing cover 6, press down the adjusting rod 23 to make it slide down along the mounting groove 211, and drive the connecting block 232 to slide down along the groove 212 synchronously. The connecting block 232 gradually contacts and squeezes the protrusion 334, squeezing the protrusion 334 outward from the slot, and transmitting the force through the connecting plate 333. Force is applied to make the first rotating block 331 and the second rotating block 332 rotate in opposite directions around the hinge point, and the included angle between them gradually increases. The protrusion 334 is dislodged from the slot, releasing the locking component 33 from fixing the support leg 21. During this process, the limiting plate 231 slides down along the limiting groove 213, squeezing the spring 214. Then the support leg 21 is pulled up, thereby removing the entire bracket 2 from the furnace body 1. The adjusting rod 23 slides up and resets under the action of the spring 214. Finally, the roasted cathode block 5 is removed from the bracket 2.

[0046] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any way. Although the present utility model has been disclosed above with reference to a preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any person skilled in the art can make some modifications or alterations to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the present utility model. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model without departing from the scope of the present utility model shall still fall within the scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A graphitization anode baking furnace for aluminum electrolysis, comprising a furnace body (1) for baking anode blocks (5), a sealing cover (6) being detachably arranged on the furnace body (1), characterized in that, The furnace body (1) is fixedly provided with several support seats (3), and several gas dispersing plates (4) are fixedly provided in a ring array at the upper end of the inner wall of the furnace body (1). Several gas inlets (14) for injecting nitrogen or argon are opened in a ring array through the side wall of the furnace body (1). The gas inlets (14) are connected to the gas dispersing plates (4). It also includes a bracket (2), which includes several support legs (21). Several placement plates (22) for placing cathode blocks (5) are fixedly arranged at the upper ends of the support legs (21). Adjustment rods (23) are slidably arranged in each support leg (21). The lower ends of the support legs (21) are respectively inserted into the support base (3). Locking components (33) for fixing the support legs (21) are slidably arranged in the support base (3).

2. The graphitization anode baking furnace for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The furnace body (1) includes a furnace chamber (11), an insulation layer (12) is fixedly provided on the outer wall of the furnace chamber (11), and a reflector (13) is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the furnace chamber (11).

3. The graphitized anode baking furnace for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized by, The diffuser plate (4) has a cavity (41) on the side near the reflector (13), the cavity (41) is connected to the air inlet (14), and the diffuser plate (4) has a plurality of diffuser holes (42) connected to the cavity (41) on the other side.

4. The graphitized anode baking furnace for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 1, characterized by, Each of the support legs (21) is provided with an installation groove (211), and the support legs (21) are provided with symmetrical grooves (212) communicating with the installation grooves (211). The support legs (21) are also provided with a limiting groove (213) communicating with the installation grooves (211), and the support legs (21) are provided with symmetrical slots communicating with the grooves (212) on the outside.

5. The graphitized anode baking furnace for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lower end of the adjusting rod (23) is symmetrically fixedly connected to a connecting block (232), the connecting block (232) is triangular prism-shaped, the outer wall of the adjusting rod (23) is fixedly provided with a ring-shaped limiting plate (231), the adjusting rod (23) is slidably installed in the mounting groove (211), the connecting block (232) is slidably installed in the groove (212), the limiting plate (231) is slidably installed in the limiting groove (213), and a spring (214) is sleeved on the outer wall of the adjusting rod (23). One end of the spring (214) is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the limiting plate (231), and the other end is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the limiting groove (213).

6. The graphitized anode baking furnace for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 4, characterized by, The support base (3) has an insertion hole (31) and a column groove (32) communicating with the insertion hole (31). The lower end of the support leg (21) is inserted into the insertion hole (31), and the support base (3) has several sliding grooves (34) communicating with the column groove (32).

7. The graphitized cathode baking furnace for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 6, characterized in that, The locking component (33) includes a first rotating block (331) and a second rotating block (332) that are rotatably connected. A connecting plate (333) is fixedly connected to one end of the first rotating block (331) and the second rotating block (332). A protrusion (334) is fixedly connected to one side of the connecting plate (333). A ball bearing (335) is rotatably connected to one bottom end of the first rotating block (331) and the second rotating block (332). The ball bearing (335) is rolled in the groove (34).

8. The graphitized anode baking furnace for aluminum electrolysis according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the support leg (21) is inserted and fixed in the support base (3), the first rotating block (331) and the second rotating block (332) are arranged in parallel, and the protrusion (334) is snapped into the slot; when the support leg (21) is pulled out from the support base (3), the first rotating block (331) and the second rotating block (332) form an acute angle with the opening facing downward.

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