Antenna structure and electronic equipment
By employing a half-wave resonant mode and parasitic stub design in the GPS antenna, the radiation resistance and directivity of the GPS antenna are improved, solving the problems of insufficient energy and weak directivity of existing GPS antennas, and realizing effective coverage and stable communication of multi-band signals.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING XIAOMI MOBILE SOFTWARE CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-22
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing GPS antennas, in 1/4 wavelength resonant mode, are relatively short, have low radiation resistance, low energy, and weak directivity, making it difficult to meet the requirements for radiation in a specific direction.
The first radiator operates in half-wave resonant mode, and through the cooperation of the second radiator and the tuning circuit, it forms gaps and parasitic branches to excite multi-band signal radiation, including GPS and cellular bands.
The increased radiation resistance improves directionality and energy output, enabling longer-distance communication, adapting to multi-band signal coverage, and enhancing the directionality and stability of communication.
Smart Images
Figure CN224138335U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of terminal technology, and in particular to an antenna structure and electronic device. Background Technology
[0002] The GPS antenna is an important antenna in a mobile phone. Its main function is to receive GPS satellite signals and amplify weak satellite signals. It is a core component for positioning and navigation, and provides support for various location-based services. A high-performance GPS antenna can significantly improve the user's travel experience and the experience of using related applications.
[0003] GPS antennas in existing electronic devices typically operate in 1 / 4 wavelength resonant mode. However, when operating in 1 / 4 wavelength resonant mode, the GPS antenna is shorter and has a relatively lower radiation resistance. Under the same input power, it radiates less energy compared to a half-wave antenna. Furthermore, the radiation pattern of a 1 / 4 wavelength antenna is closer to a circle, and its directivity is relatively weak, making it unsuitable for scenarios requiring radiation in a specific direction. Utility Model Content
[0004] This disclosure provides an antenna structure and electronic device to address the shortcomings of related technologies.
[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, an antenna structure is provided, comprising:
[0006] A first radiator, the first radiator including a first upper frame point, the first radiator being a suspended branch;
[0007] The first power supply is electrically connected to the first upper frame point, and the first power supply excites the first radiator to operate in the half-wave resonant mode in the GPS frequency band.
[0008] Optionally, it also includes a second radiator and a second feeder, wherein the second radiator and the first radiator cooperate to form a gap, and the second feeder is electrically connected to the first radiator;
[0009] The first radiator also includes a second upper frame point that is grounded. The second upper frame point is located close to the second radiator relative to the first upper frame point. When the second power supply is in operation, the branch between the second upper frame point and the end of the first radiator close to the second radiator serves as a parasitic branch of the second radiator.
[0010] Optionally, the second upper frame point is located in the current zero region of the first radiator in half-wave resonant mode.
[0011] Optionally, it also includes a grounded tuning circuit, the tuning circuit including a switching assembly and multiple parallel sub-circuits, each of the sub-circuits being electrically connected to the switching assembly;
[0012] The switching assembly is used to switch the sub-circuit connected to the second upper frame point to match the operating frequency band of the first radiator.
[0013] Optionally, the sub-circuit includes a capacitor, which is connected to the second upper frame point through the switching assembly, and the capacitance value of the capacitor is less than or equal to 3pF.
[0014] Optionally, the end of the second radiator facing away from the first radiator is grounded, and the second radiator radiates the operating frequency band signal in 1 / 4 wavelength resonant mode.
[0015] Optionally, the equivalent physical length of the sub-circuit connected to the second radiator is the first length, and the distance from the second upper frame point to the end of the first radiator near the second radiator is the second length. The sum of the first length and the second length is approximately the length of the second radiator.
[0016] Optionally, the second radiator is used to cover cellular frequency band signals.
[0017] Optional, also includes:
[0018] A matching circuit is connected between the second feed and the second radiator, and the matching circuit is used to switch the operating frequency band of the second radiator.
[0019] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, an electronic device is provided, including an antenna structure as described in any of the foregoing embodiments.
[0020] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure may include the following beneficial effects:
[0021] As can be seen from the above embodiments, in this disclosure, the first radiator is excited by the first feed to operate in the GPS band in a half-wave resonant mode. In this way, the branch length of the first radiator is increased in the half-wave resonant mode, which is beneficial to increasing the radiation resistance. Under the same input power, the radiated energy is increased relative to the 1 / 4 wavelength antenna, which can realize communication over a longer distance. Moreover, the radiation pattern of the GPS band in the half-wave resonant mode is more directional, which is beneficial to point-to-point communication with satellites.
[0022] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description
[0023] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.
[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an antenna structure according to an exemplary embodiment.
[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the current distribution in the antenna structure.
[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing a coordinate system for an electronic device.
[0027] Figure 4 Based on Figure 3 The coordinate system in the diagram shows the radiation pattern when radiating the GPS frequency band in 1 / 4 wavelength resonant mode.
[0028] Figure 5 Based on Figure 3 The coordinate system in the diagram shows the radiation pattern of the first radiator radiating the GPS frequency band in 1 / 2 wavelength resonant mode.
[0029] Figure 6 This is a comparison chart showing the efficiency of the second radiator in radiating the B3 and B41 frequency bands with and without parasitic branches. Detailed Implementation
[0030] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.
[0031] The terminology used in this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” as used in this disclosure and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0032] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc., may be used in this disclosure to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "when," "when," or "in response to determination."
[0033] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure according to an exemplary embodiment. The antenna structure includes a first radiator 1 and a first feed 2. The first radiator 1 includes a first upper frame point 11, and the first radiator 1 is a floating stub. A floating stub can be understood as forming a complete clear space between the first radiator 1 and the metal ground plane, that is, there is no direct metal rib connection between the first radiator 1 and the metal ground plane. The first feed 2 is electrically connected to the first upper frame point 11, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the first feed 2 excites the first radiator 1 to operate in the GPS frequency band in half-wave resonant mode. In this way, the stub length of the first radiator 1 is increased in half-wave resonant mode, which is beneficial to increasing the radiation resistance. Under the same input power, the radiated energy is increased relative to the 1 / 4 wavelength antenna, which can realize communication over a longer distance.
[0034] Based on this antenna structure, it is configured in the mobile phone to... Figure 3 Establish a coordinate system based on the indicated orientation to obtain... Figure 4 and Figure 5 The diagram shown is the radiation pattern when Phi = 90°, where Figure 4 The radiation pattern for the 1 / 4 wavelength resonant mode radiating in the GPS frequency band. Figure 5 The image shows the radiation pattern of the first radiator 1 radiating the GPS frequency band in half-wave resonant mode. A comparison reveals that in half-wave resonant mode, the directivity of the first radiator 1 is superior to that of the quarter-wave antenna. The radiation pattern of the first radiator 1 exhibits an ideal figure-eight shape with a sharp main lobe, allowing for more accurate pointing towards the target direction during directional signal transmission and reception. This is more beneficial for communication between electronic devices configured with this antenna structure and satellites. The input impedance of the first radiator 1 in half-wave resonant mode is 73Ω, making it easier to match with commonly used 50Ω or 75Ω transmission lines. Furthermore, the first radiator 1 in half-wave resonant mode is less dependent on the surrounding environment and exhibits more stable performance.
[0035] Furthermore, the antenna structure also includes a second radiator 3, a second feed 4, and a tuning circuit 5. The second radiator 3 and the first radiator 1 cooperate to form a gap to ensure that the electromagnetic waves radiated by the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 3 can be transmitted into free space. The second feed 4 is electrically connected to the second radiator 3 to excite the second radiator 3 to cover other frequency bands that are different from the GPS frequency band. For example, the excitation of the second radiator 3 can cover cellular frequency band signals, such as the B3 band and the B41 band in the mid-to-high frequency band signals. The first radiator 1 includes a grounded second upper frame point 12, which is positioned close to the second radiator 3 relative to the first upper frame point 11. Thus, when the second power supply 4 is in operation, it can excite the second radiator 3 to generate current covering other frequency bands different from the GPS frequency band. At the same time, the current can be coupled to the first radiator 1 through the gap and grounded through the second upper frame point 12. This makes the branch between the second upper frame point 12 and the end of the first radiator 1 close to the second radiator 3 a parasitic branch of the second radiator 3, which is beneficial to improving the performance and bandwidth of the frequency band covered by the second radiator 3.
[0036] In order to switch the operating frequency band of the second radiator 3, it is still based on Figure 1 As shown, the antenna structure also includes a matching circuit 6, which is electrically connected between the second feed 4 and the second radiator 3. This matching circuit 6 can be used to switch the operating frequency band of the second radiator 3, thus achieving matching for different operating frequency bands. The matching circuit 6 may include components such as inductors and capacitors. For example, such as... Figure 6 As shown, taking the second radiator 3 covering the B3 and B41 frequency bands as an example, the dashed lines represent the efficiency curves of the second radiator 3 radiating the B3 and B41 frequency bands, while the solid lines represent the efficiency curves of the second radiator 3 radiating the B3 and B41 frequency bands with parasitic branches. The comparison shows that the radiation efficiency and bandwidth of the second radiator 3 are improved in both the B3 and B41 frequency bands.
[0037] In some embodiments, to reduce the impact on the performance of the first radiator 1 in radiating the GPS frequency band when a portion of the branch on the first radiator 1 radiates signals as a parasitic branch of the second radiator 3, the second upper frame point 12 can be located in the current zero-point region of the first radiator 1 in half-wave resonant mode. Based on this, since the voltage and current are minimum in this current zero-point region during half-wave resonant mode, setting the grounding circuit of the second upper frame point 12 at this location has a relatively small impact on GPS frequency band radiation, which is beneficial for the first radiator 1 to be compatible with both GPS frequency band signal radiation and its function as a parasitic branch.
[0038] It is understandable that the second radiator 3 may radiate different frequency bands in different scenarios, such as covering the B3, B41, and B40 frequency bands. In order to better match the operating frequency band of the second radiator 3, the antenna structure also includes a grounded tuning circuit 5. The tuning circuit 5 includes a switching component 51 and multiple parallel sub-circuits 52. Each sub-circuit 52 is electrically connected to the switching component 51. In this way, the sub-circuit connected to the second upper frame point 12 can be switched by the switching component 51. That is, the second upper frame point 12 can be grounded through different sub-circuits 52 by the switching component 51. In this way, the equivalent physical length of the parasitic branch can be adjusted to match the operating frequency band of the first radiator 1, so that each coverage frequency band of the second radiator 3 has a parasitic enhancement effect.
[0039] Among them, such as Figure 1 As shown, the sub-circuit 52 may include a capacitor, which can be connected to the second upper frame point 12 through the switching component 51. That is, the second upper frame point 12 can be grounded through the capacitor, and the capacitance value of the capacitor is less than or equal to 3pF, reducing the impact on the GPS frequency band signal radiated by the first radiator 1.
[0040] In some embodiments, the second radiator 3 is grounded at its end away from the first radiator 1, and the second radiator 3 radiates the operating frequency band signal in a 1 / 4 wavelength resonant mode. This reduces the length requirement of the second radiator 3, which helps save space in electronic devices. Furthermore, the 1 / 4 wavelength resonant mode has better omnidirectionality and can be considered to be largely unrestricted by angle in short-range communication, which is beneficial for conventional cellular frequency band communication.
[0041] Optionally, when the second radiator 36 radiates the operating frequency band in 1 / 4 wavelength resonant mode, the equivalent physical length of the sub-circuit 52 connected to the second radiator 3 is the first length, and the length from the second upper frame point 12 to the end of the first radiator 1 near the second radiator 3 is the second length. The sum of the first length and the second length is approximately the length of the second radiator 3. In this way, the parasitic branch can also satisfy the 1 / 4 wavelength resonant mode radiating signal, which is beneficial for the parasitic branch to bring better performance and bandwidth to the second radiator 3.
[0042] Taking sub-circuit 52 as an example of a capacitor, the value of the first length can be obtained using the following calculation method. Specifically:
[0043]
[0044] Wherein, λ is the operating wavelength of the second radiator 3 in the medium;
[0045] c is the speed of light in a vacuum;
[0046] f is the operating frequency of the second radiator 3;
[0047] ε r is the dielectric constant of the medium;
[0048] u is the magnetic permeability of the medium;
[0049] C is the capacitance value of the capacitor;
[0050] l represents the equivalent physical length of the tuning circuit 5 when the sub-circuit is a capacitor.
[0051] Based on the technical solutions of this disclosure, an electronic device is also provided, which may include the antenna structure described in any of the preceding claims. This electronic device is based on devices including mobile phones, tablets, and wearable devices. The first radiator 1 of the antenna structure may be a portion of the outer frame of the electronic device, such as a side frame or a top frame; the specific design can be customized as needed, and this disclosure does not impose any limitations on this design.
[0052] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the following claims.
[0053] It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.
Claims
1. An antenna structure, characterized in that, include: A first radiator, the first radiator including a first upper frame point, the first radiator being a suspended branch; The first power supply is electrically connected to the first upper frame point, and the first power supply excites the first radiator to operate in the half-wave resonant mode in the GPS frequency band.
2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a second radiator and a second feeder, wherein the second radiator and the first radiator cooperate to form a gap, and the second feeder is electrically connected to the first radiator; The first radiator also includes a second upper frame point that is grounded. The second upper frame point is located close to the second radiator relative to the first upper frame point. When the second power supply is in operation, the branch between the second upper frame point and the end of the first radiator close to the second radiator serves as a parasitic branch of the second radiator.
3. The antenna structure of claim 2, wherein, The second upper frame point is located in the current zero region of the first radiator in half-wave resonant mode.
4. The antenna structure of claim 2, wherein, It also includes a grounded tuning circuit, which includes a switching assembly and multiple parallel sub-circuits, each of which is electrically connected to the switching assembly. The switching assembly is used to switch the sub-circuit connected to the second upper frame point to match the operating frequency band of the first radiator.
5. The antenna structure of claim 4, wherein, The sub-circuit includes a capacitor, which is connected to the second upper frame point through the switching assembly, and the capacitance value of the capacitor is less than or equal to 3pF.
6. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The end of the second radiator away from the first radiator is grounded, and the second radiator radiates the operating frequency band signal in 1 / 4 wavelength resonant mode.
7. The antenna structure of claim 6, wherein, The equivalent physical length of the sub-circuit connected to the second radiator is the first length, and the distance from the second upper frame point to the end of the first radiator near the second radiator is the second length. The sum of the first length and the second length is approximately the length of the second radiator.
8. The antenna structure of claim 2, wherein, The second radiator is used to cover cellular frequency band signals.
9. The antenna structure of claim 2, wherein, Also includes: A matching circuit is connected between the second feed and the second radiator, and the matching circuit is used to switch the operating frequency band of the second radiator.
10. An electronic device, comprising: The antenna structure includes any one of claims 1-9.