Automatic coal firmness coefficient measuring device
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ZHANGCUN COAL MINE OF SHANXI LUAN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENERGY DEV CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-21
AI Technical Summary
[0009]计量筒读数采用目测刻度方式，精度不足（通常误差＞0.1mm），且数据记录需手动处理，效率低下
[0032]本实用新型通过纯机械式上、下张开结构的协同作用，实现重锤的自动夹持与释放，无需传感器和程序控制，成本较低，并确保冲击高度（600mm）精准重复。弹簧钳机构结构简单，便于制造，压簧提供稳定弹性复位力，确保夹持动作的可靠性。
Smart Images
Figure CN224152237U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of coal physical and mechanical property testing technology, specifically to a coal soundness coefficient measuring device based on an automated impact device. Background Technology
[0002] The coal firmness coefficient (f-value) is a key indicator for evaluating its resistance to breakage. According to the "Regulations on Prevention and Control of Coal and Gas Outbursts" and the "Methods for Identifying Coal Mine Gas Levels", the coal firmness coefficient (f-value) is an important parameter for judging whether underground coal seams are prone to outbursts.
[0003] The traditional method for determining the soundness coefficient (f-value) of coal uses a crushing method, which involves manually operating a crushing cylinder to impact the coal sample, manually sieving the crushed particles, and visually inspecting the scale reading of the measuring cylinder. However, this method has the following structural defects:
[0004] 1. Impact control relies on human experience:
[0005] The lifting height (600mm) and number of impacts (3 times per test) of the 2.4kg hammer must be manually controlled by the operator. Individual differences can easily lead to inconsistent impact energy, which directly affects the repeatability of the test results.
[0006] Normal automation improvement solutions rely on "displacement sensors monitoring the stroke and controlling the motor start and stop based on sensor signals" to achieve the clamping and release of the hammer. This requires the configuration of complex sensing systems and code logic, resulting in high costs and difficult-to-control failure rates.
[0007] 2. Screening and reading are highly subjective:
[0008] The screening of crushed coal samples relies on manual operation of standard sieves, and the amount of residual particles is easily affected by subjective factors such as the operator's force and angle.
[0009] The reading of the measuring cylinder is done by visually observing the scale, which is not accurate enough (usually with an error > 0.1 mm), and the data recording requires manual processing, which is inefficient.
[0010] 3. Poor process continuity:
[0011] Traditional crushing cylinders lack an automatic sample collection design, making it easy for coal samples to spill when poured; the base of the metering cylinder is fixed and cannot be disassembled, making it time-consuming and laborious to clean up residual coal powder.
[0012] The aforementioned shortcomings make it difficult for traditional methods to meet the high-efficiency, high-precision testing requirements of diverse coal types such as lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite. This patent addresses these problems specifically through purely mechanical automated control and system-level structural optimization. Utility Model Content
[0013] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automated coal soundness coefficient measuring device, in which the actions of clamping the coal sample and releasing the coal sample at a predetermined height are automatically realized by a purely mechanical structure, without the need for a displacement sensor.
[0014] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides an automated coal soundness coefficient measuring device, including a crushing cylinder and a lifting rod. The bottom of the crushing cylinder is used to place a coal sample, and a weight is provided at the top of the coal sample.
[0015] A vertically upward force-bearing rod is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the hammer, and the top of the force-bearing rod is provided with a radially expanding diameter section.
[0016] The upper end of the lifting rod is connected to the drive mechanism, and the lower end passes through the circular through hole in the top wall of the crushing cylinder and is fixedly connected to a connecting block.
[0017] The lower part of the connecting block is hinged to a spring clamp mechanism, and the spring clamp mechanism is correspondingly provided with:
[0018] An upper opening structure that is forced to open to release the expanded diameter section when the lifting rod rises;
[0019] This is a lower opening structure used to open when the lifting rod is blocked by the expanded diameter section during descent, and to clamp the expanded diameter section after resetting.
[0020] The spring clamp mechanism includes a left spring clamp and a right spring clamp arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides, and a compression spring is connected between the two.
[0021] The compression spring is installed above the hinge point, driving the lower ends of the left and right spring jaws to close together; the hinge point refers to the hinge position between the left and right spring jaws and the connecting block.
[0022] The upper opening structure is a frustoconical guide hole with a smaller upper part and a larger lower part, coaxially arranged on the outer side of the circular through hole on the top wall of the crushing cylinder; the frustoconical guide hole is larger than the maximum width between the upper ends of the left spring claw and the right spring claw.
[0023] The frustum-shaped guide hole presses the upper ends of the left and right spring jaws towards the center when the lifting rod rises, forcing the spring clamp mechanism to open and release the expanded diameter section.
[0024] The lower opening structure consists of inwardly bent clamping parts at the lower ends of the left and right spring clamps, forming a flared structure that is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom.
[0025] The lower end of the flared structure is wider than the diameter of the expanded section, so that when the lifting rod moves downward, the expanded section blocks the clamping section and forces the left and right spring clamps to open outward to pass through the expanded section.
[0026] The upper width of the flared structure is smaller than the diameter of the expanded section, so that when the left and right spring grippers return to their original positions after passing through the expanded section and clamping it, the upper end of the flared structure supports the expanded section upwards.
[0027] The inner surface of the retaining part is provided with anti-slip texture.
[0028] The inclined angle of the frustoconical guide hole is 30°~45°.
[0029] The diameter of the expanded section is 1.3 times the diameter of the force-bearing rod.
[0030] The bottom of the crushing cylinder is equipped with a storage box for holding coal samples.
[0031] This utility model has the following advantages:
[0032] This invention achieves automatic clamping and release of the hammer through the synergistic action of a purely mechanical upper and lower opening structure, eliminating the need for sensors and program control, resulting in lower costs, and ensuring precise repeatability of the impact height (600mm). The spring clamp mechanism has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, and the compression spring provides a stable elastic restoring force, ensuring the reliability of the clamping action.
[0033] The truncated cone-shaped guide hole triggers the opening action by mechanically squeezing the spring gripper with an inclined plane. There is no need to monitor the rising distance or program the control. The spring gripper will naturally trigger the opening action when it enters the truncated cone-shaped guide hole, ensuring the accurate release of the free fall of the hammer.
[0034] The specific structure of the lower opening structure allows it to automatically open (be stretched open by the expansion section) when the lifting rod moves downward and pass downward through the expansion section. The compression spring resets the left and right spring jaws and clamps the expansion section.
[0035] The lower opening structure, through its flared shape and in conjunction with the compression spring, ensures the automatic passage of the expanding section when moving downwards, achieving automatic opening and resetting clamping, ensuring that the counterweight is reliably clamped and can be lifted upwards by the lifting rod.
[0036] The inclined plane angle limits the lateral displacement of the spring clamp mechanism, ensuring clamping alignment accuracy. It ensures that when the upper end of the left spring clamp and the right spring clamp are constrained by the inclined plane during upward movement, the constraint force can generate a sufficiently large horizontal component force, which is enough to drive the upper end of the left spring clamp and the upper end of the right spring clamp to rotate inward.
[0037] The anti-slip texture increases friction and improves the stability of the clamping hammer. The storage box can automatically hold the crushed coal sample, reducing manual intervention, improving testing efficiency, and enhancing the continuity of the workflow. Attached Figure Description
[0038] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model; to clearly illustrate the internal structure, half of the crushing cylinder is removed to show the spring clamp mechanism inside the crushing cylinder.
[0039] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.
[0040] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional image. Detailed Implementation
[0041] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the automated coal soundness coefficient measuring device of this utility model includes a crushing cylinder 1 and a lifting rod (8). The bottom end of the crushing cylinder 1 is used to place the coal sample, and the top of the coal sample is equipped with a weight 3. The coal sample is a conventional technique in the coal soundness coefficient measuring and is not shown in the figure.
[0042] A vertically upward force-bearing rod 4 is fixedly connected to the center of the top of the hammer 3, and the top of the force-bearing rod 4 is provided with a radially expanding diameter section 5.
[0043] The upper end of the lifting rod 8 is connected to an external drive mechanism, and the lower end passes through the circular through hole 6 in the top wall of the crushing cylinder 1 and is fixedly connected to a connecting block 10. The drive mechanism can be an existing device such as an electric push rod, a linear motor or a linear cylinder, which is not detailed and is not shown in the figure.
[0044] The lower part of the connecting block 10 is hinged with a spring clamp mechanism, and the spring clamp mechanism is correspondingly provided with:
[0045] The upper opening structure is used to force the lifting rod 8 to open and release the expanded diameter part 5 when it rises;
[0046] The lower opening structure is used to open and reset the expanded diameter section 5 when the lifting rod 8 is blocked by the expanded diameter section 5.
[0047] This invention achieves automatic clamping and release of the hammer 3 through the synergistic effect of a purely mechanical upper and lower opening structure, without the need for sensors or program control, resulting in lower costs and ensuring accurate repeatability of the impact height (600mm).
[0048] The spring clamp mechanism includes a left spring jaw 12 and a right spring jaw 13 arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides, and a compression spring is connected between the two.
[0049] The compression spring is installed above the hinge point (14), driving the lower ends of the left spring jaw 12 and the right spring jaw 13 to converge; the hinge point (14) refers to the hinge position between the left spring jaw 12 and the right spring jaw 13 and the connecting block 10. In the attached figure, reference numeral 2 is the installation guide structure of the compression spring, which is also the installation position of the compression spring; the compression spring is a conventional part and is not shown in the figure. The spring clamp mechanism has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture. The compression spring provides a stable elastic restoring force, ensuring the reliability of the clamping action.
[0050] The upper opening structure is a frustum-shaped guide hole 7 with a smaller upper part and a larger lower part, which is coaxially arranged on the outer side of the circular through hole 6 on the top wall of the crushing cylinder 1. The frustum-shaped guide hole 7 is larger than the maximum width between the upper ends of the left spring claw 12 and the right spring claw 13, so that the upper ends of the left spring claw 12 and the right spring claw 13 can enter the frustum-shaped guide hole 7 when lifting.
[0051] When the lifting rod 8 rises, the frustum-shaped guide hole 7 presses the upper end of the left spring clamp 12 and the upper end of the right spring clamp 13 towards the center, forcing the spring clamp mechanism to open (the lower opening structure opens) to release the expanded diameter part 5.
[0052] The truncated cone-shaped guide hole 7 triggers the opening action by mechanically squeezing the spring gripper with an inclined plane. There is no need to monitor the rising distance or program the control. The spring gripper will naturally trigger the opening action when it enters the truncated cone-shaped guide hole 7, ensuring the accurate release of the free fall of the weight 3.
[0053] The lower opening structure consists of inwardly bent holding parts 16 respectively provided at the lower ends of the left spring claw 12 and the right spring claw 13, and the two holding parts 16 form a funnel-shaped structure 17 that is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom.
[0054] The lower end width of the flared structure 17 is greater than the diameter of the expanded section 5, so that when the lifting rod 8 moves downward, the expanded section 5 blocks the holding section 16 and forces the left spring claw 12 and the right spring claw 13 to open outward to pass through the expanded section 5.
[0055] The upper width of the flared structure 17 is smaller than the diameter of the expanded diameter portion 5, so that when the left spring clamp 12 and the right spring clamp 13 return to their original position after passing through the expanded diameter portion 5 and clamping the expanded diameter portion 5, the upper end of the flared structure 17 supports the expanded diameter portion 5 upward.
[0056] The specific structure of the lower opening structure allows it to automatically open (be spread open by the expansion section 5) when the lifting rod 8 moves downward and pass downward through the expansion section 5. The compression spring resets the left spring jaw 12 and the right spring jaw 13 and then clamps the expansion section 5.
[0057] The lower opening structure, through the shape of its flared mouth and in conjunction with the compression spring, ensures the automatic passage of the expanded diameter section 5 when moving downwards, realizing automatic opening and resetting clamping, ensuring that the counterweight 3 is reliably clamped and can be lifted upwards by the lifting rod 8.
[0058] The inner surface of the clamping part 16 is provided with anti-slip texture. The anti-slip texture increases friction and improves the stability of clamping the weight 3.
[0059] The inclined angle of the frustoconical guide hole 7 is 30°~45°. The inclined angle limits the lateral displacement of the spring clamp mechanism, ensuring clamping alignment accuracy. It ensures that when the upper end of the left spring jaw 12 and the right spring jaw 13 are constrained by the inclined plane during upward movement, the constraint force can generate a sufficiently large horizontal component force, so that this horizontal component force can drive the upper end of the left spring jaw 12 and the upper end of the right spring jaw 13 to rotate inward.
[0060] The spring constant is 50~100 N / mm. This spring constant range balances clamping force and release sensitivity, avoiding excessive tightness or looseness that could lead to operational failure.
[0061] The diameter of the expanded portion 5 is 1.3 times larger than the diameter of the force-bearing rod 4. This provides sufficient clamping contact surface to ensure that the locking portion 16 is effectively locked.
[0062] The bottom of the crushing cylinder 1 is equipped with a storage box for holding coal samples. The storage box matches the crushing cylinder 1 and has a conventional box structure with an open top, not shown in the figure.
[0063] The storage box (20) can automatically hold the crushed coal sample, reduce manual intervention, improve testing efficiency, and enhance the continuity of the workflow.
[0064] This utility model includes a measuring cylinder and a screening machine, with the screening machine preferably integrated at the top of the measuring cylinder. The measuring cylinder and screening machine are conventional technologies and are not shown in the figures. The crushing cylinder 1 is responsible for impact crushing of the coal sample (the hammer 3 falls freely), and after completion, the coal sample is manually transferred to the measuring cylinder for screening and measurement.
[0065] The working process of the automated coal soundness coefficient measuring device is as follows:
[0066] 1. Initial State
[0067] The staff placed the coal sample in a storage box and put it at the bottom of the crushing cylinder 1, and placed the hammer 3 on the coal sample; the lifting rod 8 was in the highest position.
[0068] 2. Descent Phase (Holding with Three Heavy Hammers)
[0069] The drive mechanism drives the lifting rod 8 downward, which in turn causes the spring clamp mechanism to move downward.
[0070] When the flared structure 17 at the lower end of the spring clamp mechanism contacts the expanded diameter section 5, because the width of the lower end is greater than the diameter of the expanded diameter section 5, the expanded diameter section 5 forces the left and right spring jaws 13 (12, 13) to open outwards, and the flared structure 17 passes through the expanded diameter section 5.
[0071] After passing through the expansion section 5, the force of the expansion section 5 disappears, and the elastic force of the compression spring drives the left and right grippers (12, 13) to reset and close. The upper end of the flared structure 17 (the width of which is smaller than the diameter of the expansion section 5) can support the expansion section 5. The counterweight 3 is fixed on the spring clamp mechanism under the clamping action of the left and right grippers (12, 13) and the supporting action of the flared structure 17.
[0072] 2. Enhancement Phase (Heavy Hammer 3 Release)
[0073] The drive mechanism is activated (such as an electric push rod or linear motor), causing the lifting rod 8 to rise vertically.
[0074] The lifting rod 8 drives the connecting block 10 and the spring clamp mechanism to move upward.
[0075] When the upper ends of the left and right spring jaws 13 (12, 13) of the spring clamp mechanism enter the frustum-shaped guide hole 7, the inclined surface of the frustum presses the upper end of the jaws inward, forcing the lower end of the jaws to open outward, and the expanded diameter part 5 is released.
[0076] The hammer 3 falls freely to the bottom of the crushing cylinder 1 under the action of gravity, impacting the coal sample at a fixed height (600mm).
[0077] 3. Impact Phase
[0078] The hammer 3 completes one impact after free fall, and the coal sample is broken. The spring clamp mechanism remains open due to the constraint of the frustum-shaped guide hole 7, and the hammer 3 stops at the coal sample at the bottom of the crushing cylinder 1.
[0079] 4. Cyclic Measurement
[0080] Steps 2-4 are repeated 3 times to complete the impact test of a single coal sample.
[0081] The crushed coal sample is transferred to a metering cylinder, where an automatic sieve at the top separates the uncrushed particles. A laser reading device measures the volume or mass of the coal powder and calculates the coal's firmness coefficient.
[0082] Technical advantages and effects
[0083] Fully automated: The clamping and release of the counterweight 3 is achieved through the coordinated action of the upper and lower opening structures and the compression spring, without the need for sensors or program control, thus reducing costs and failure rate.
[0084] Precise repeatability: The impact height (600mm) is strictly limited by the mechanical structure, eliminating human error.
[0085] High efficiency and reliability: The anti-slip texture (18) and spring elastic coefficient (50~100N / mm) design of the spring clamp mechanism ensure clamping stability; the inclined angle (30°~45°) of the frustum-shaped guide hole 7 optimizes the opening action of the gripper.
[0086] Easy maintenance: The storage box (20) at the bottom of the crushing cylinder 1 automatically collects coal samples, reducing manual operation and improving testing efficiency.
[0087] This invention is applicable to the rapid detection of various coal types, including lignite, bituminous coal, and anthracite.
[0088] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate and not limit the technical solutions of this utility model. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model. Any modifications or partial substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of this utility model.
Claims
1. An automated coal soundness coefficient measuring device, comprising a crushing cylinder (1) and a lifting rod (8), wherein the bottom end of the crushing cylinder (1) is used to place a coal sample, and a weight (3) is provided on the top of the coal sample, characterized in that: The hammer (3) is fixedly connected to a vertically upward force rod (4) at the center of its top end, and the top end of the force rod (4) is provided with a radially expanding diameter section (5). The upper end of the lifting rod (8) is connected to the drive mechanism, and the lower end passes through the circular through hole (6) on the top wall of the crushing cylinder (1) and is fixedly connected to the connecting block (10). The lower part of the connecting block (10) is hinged with a spring clamp mechanism, and the spring clamp mechanism is provided with the following: An upper opening structure for being forced to open to release the expanded diameter portion (5) when the lifting rod (8) rises; The lower opening structure is used to open when the lifting rod (8) is blocked by the expanded diameter part (5) during descent, and to clamp the expanded diameter part (5) after resetting.
2. The automated coal firmness factor determination device of claim 1, wherein: The spring clamp mechanism includes a left spring clamp (12) and a right spring clamp (13) arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides, and a compression spring is connected between the two. The compression spring is installed at a position higher than the hinge point (14), driving the lower ends of the left spring claw (12) and the right spring claw (13) to tend to close; the hinge point (14) refers to the hinge position between the left spring claw (12) and the right spring claw (13) and the connecting block.
3. The automated coal strength factor determination apparatus of claim 2, wherein: The upper opening structure is a small upper and large lower truncated cone-shaped guide hole (7) coaxially arranged on the outside of the circular through hole (6) on the top wall of the crushing cylinder (1); the truncated cone-shaped guide hole (7) is larger than the maximum width between the upper ends of the left spring claw (12) and the right spring claw (13); The frustum-shaped guide hole (7) presses the upper end of the left spring clamp (12) and the upper end of the right spring clamp (13) towards the center when the lifting rod (8) rises, forcing the spring clamp mechanism to open to release the expanded diameter part (5).
4. The automated coal soundness coefficient measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The lower opening structure is composed of inwardly bent holding parts (16) respectively provided at the lower ends of the left spring claw (12) and the right spring claw (13), and the two holding parts (16) form a flared structure (17) that is smaller at the top and larger at the bottom. The lower end width of the flared structure (17) is greater than the diameter of the expanded section (5), so that when the lifting rod (8) moves downward, the expanded section (5) blocks the holding section (16) and forces the left spring claw (12) and the right spring claw (13) to open outward to pass through the expanded section (5). The upper width of the flared structure (17) is smaller than the diameter of the expanded section (5), so that when the left spring clamp (12) and the right spring clamp (13) pass through the expanded section (5) and reset to clamp the expanded section (5), the upper end of the flared structure supports the expanded section (5) upward.
5. The automated coal strength factor determination apparatus of any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein: The inner surface of the holding part (16) is provided with anti-slip texture.
6. The automated coal strength factor determination apparatus of claim 3, wherein: The inclined angle of the frustoconical guide hole (7) is 30°~45°.
7. The automated coal soundness coefficient measuring device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The diameter of the expanded section (5) is 1.3 times larger than the diameter of the force-bearing rod (4).
8. The automated coal firmness factor determination apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the crushing cylinder (1) is provided with a receiving box for accommodating the coal sample.