Mechanical main shaft of electric spark machine tool

Abstract

The utility model discloses a mechanical main shaft of an electric spark machine tool, which relates to the technical field of machinery and comprises an inner cavity, an outer cavity and an outer cavity, the circular tube is arranged in the inner cavity, and a circular hole is formed in the circular tube; the flow guide plates are arranged on the round pipe, an S-shaped cavity is formed among the outer wall of the shell, the round pipe and the two flow guide plates, and the cavity is communicated with the inner cavity through the round hole; according to the utility model, when the mechanical main shaft of the electric spark machine tool rotates, cooling liquid in the inner cavity enters an S-shaped cavity formed by the outer wall of the shell, the circular tube and the S-shaped guide plate through the circular hole of the circular tube under the action of centrifugal force, flows along a specific path and fully exchanges heat with the shell, and the inner walls of the cooling fins are in contact with the cooling liquid to further enhance heat dissipation. The S-shaped cavity increases the contact area and time, prolongs the flow path, improves the heat exchange efficiency, and inhibits the temperature rise. The S-shaped flow guide plate guides cooling liquid to flow orderly, dead zone and local heat accumulation are avoided, and cooling distribution is more uniform.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mechanical technology, specifically to a mechanical spindle for an electrical discharge machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of modern precision machining, electrical discharge machining (EDM) is widely used due to its advantages in processing complex shapes and high-hardness materials. The machine spindle of an EDM machine tool, as a key component, plays a decisive role in the machining process.

[0003] Currently, during operation, the mechanical spindle of an EDM machine generates a large amount of heat due to frequent discharges between the electrode and the workpiece. If this heat cannot be dissipated in time, the spindle temperature will rise sharply. Existing spindle cooling systems generally suffer from low efficiency. On the one hand, the coolant flow path design of traditional cooling systems is unreasonable, resulting in slow and uneven coolant flow within the spindle, failing to adequately remove the heat generated by the spindle and causing localized heat accumulation. On the other hand, the heat dissipation structure of the cooling system is relatively simple, with limited heat dissipation area and low heat exchange efficiency, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-speed, high-precision EDM for spindle thermal stability.

[0004] Spindle deformation due to temperature rise can have many adverse effects. First, spindle deformation alters the relative positional accuracy between the electrode and the workpiece, causing dimensional deviations and severely impacting machining accuracy. This is especially problematic for precision molds, aerospace components, and other machining tasks with extremely high dimensional accuracy requirements; such deviations can lead to product scrap. Second, spindle deformation also disrupts its dynamic balance, causing vibration during rotation. This reduces the quality of the machined surface, resulting in increased surface roughness, ripples, and other defects. Furthermore, it accelerates wear on spindle bearings and other components, shortening spindle lifespan and increasing equipment maintenance costs. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a mechanical spindle for an electrical discharge machine tool to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides an EDM machine tool spindle, including a housing, an inner cavity located inside the spindle for containing coolant, a circular tube arranged in the inner cavity with a circular hole, a guide plate disposed on the circular tube, and an S-shaped cavity formed between the outer wall of the housing, the circular tube, and the two guide plates, the cavity communicating with the inner cavity through the circular hole, and a heat sink with its inner wall in contact with the coolant.

[0007] Furthermore, a clamp is fixedly installed at one end of the housing, and a coupling is fixedly installed at the other end of the housing.

[0008] Furthermore, the outer casing is made of a material with good thermal conductivity.

[0009] Furthermore, the chuck adopts a detachable structure to facilitate the replacement of electrode chucks of different specifications.

[0010] Furthermore, the coupling is an elastic coupling, which can compensate for the relative displacement between the power source and the main shaft and buffer vibration.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner wall of the cavity is provided with a heat-insulating coating.

[0012] Furthermore, the shape of the guide plate is set to S-shape.

[0013] Furthermore, the heat sink is arranged in a circular shape.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0015] 1. In this utility model, when the spindle of the EDM machine rotates, the coolant in the inner cavity enters the S-shaped cavity formed by the outer wall of the outer shell, the round tube, and the S-shaped guide plate under the action of centrifugal force. It flows along a specific path and fully exchanges heat with the outer shell. The inner wall of the heat sink contacts the coolant to further enhance heat dissipation. The S-shaped cavity increases the contact area and time, prolongs the flow path, improves heat exchange efficiency, and suppresses temperature rise. The S-shaped guide plate guides the coolant to flow in an orderly manner, avoiding dead zones and local heat accumulation, and making the cooling distribution more uniform.

[0016] 2. In this utility model, the outer shell is made of a material with good thermal conductivity, which facilitates the rapid conduction of heat generated during spindle operation. This allows the heat to be transferred from the inside of the spindle to the surface of the outer shell in a timely manner. Furthermore, through contact with the coolant and heat dissipation structures such as heat sinks, the heat is dissipated more efficiently, enhancing the heat dissipation effect, effectively reducing the overall temperature of the spindle, suppressing spindle deformation caused by temperature rise, and improving the thermal stability of the spindle. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a side view of the external structure of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a front view of the internal structure of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a side view of the internal structure of this utility model.

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Outer shell; 2. Clamp; 3. Coupling; 4. Inner cavity; 5. Round tube; 6. Guide plate; 7. Round hole; 8. Heat sink. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0023] Please see Figures 1-4 This utility model provides a technical solution:

[0024] See Figures 1-4 As shown, an EDM machine tool spindle includes a housing 1, an inner cavity 4 located inside the spindle for containing coolant, a circular tube 5 arranged in the inner cavity 4 with a circular hole 7, a guide plate 6 disposed on the circular tube 5, and an S-shaped cavity formed between the outer wall of the housing 1, the circular tube 5, and the two guide plates 6, the cavity communicating with the inner cavity 4 through the circular hole 7, and a heat sink 8 with its inner wall in contact with the coolant.

[0025] When the spindle of the EDM machine rotates, the coolant in the inner cavity 4, under the action of centrifugal force, enters the S-shaped cavity formed by the outer wall of the outer casing 1, the outer tube 5, and the two S-shaped guide plates 6 through the circular hole 7 on the circular tube 5. The coolant flows within this S-shaped cavity, and due to its special S-shaped structure, it flows along a specific path, fully contacting the outer casing 1 for heat exchange. Simultaneously, the inner wall of the heat sink 8 contacts the coolant, further enhancing the heat dissipation effect. During the flow process, the coolant continuously carries away the heat generated by the spindle, and may eventually flow back or be discharged through a specific circuit, completing the cooling cycle.

[0026] The S-shaped cavity increases the contact area and contact time between the coolant and the outer casing 1, prolonging the flow path of the coolant in the spindle, allowing the coolant to carry away heat more fully, improving heat exchange efficiency, and effectively suppressing spindle temperature rise.

[0027] The guide vane 6 is S-shaped to guide the coolant to flow in an orderly manner, avoiding dead zones and local heat accumulation, so that the coolant is distributed more evenly in the spindle and the uniformity of the cooling effect is improved.

[0028] See Figure 1 One end of the outer casing 1 is fixedly installed with a chuck 2, and the other end of the outer casing 1 is fixedly installed with a coupling 3.

[0029] One end of the housing 1 is fixedly mounted with a chuck 2, which can be used to precisely clamp the electrode, ensuring the positional accuracy of the electrode during the processing, and maintaining a stable discharge machining distance between the electrode and the workpiece, thereby ensuring the dimensional accuracy of the processing, and facilitating the operator to quickly change electrodes of different specifications to meet diverse processing needs; the other end of the housing 1 is fixedly mounted with a coupling 3, which can stably transmit the power source such as the motor to the spindle to realize the rotational movement of the spindle. At the same time, the flexible coupling 3 can compensate for the relative displacement between the power source and the spindle caused by installation errors, running vibrations, etc., buffering the vibration and impact during operation, reducing the stress deformation and wear of the spindle and related components, and extending the service life of the spindle and the overall equipment.

[0030] See Figure 1 The outer casing 1 is made of a material with good thermal conductivity.

[0031] The outer shell 1 is made of a material with good thermal conductivity, which facilitates the rapid conduction of heat generated during spindle operation. This allows heat to be transferred from the inside of the spindle to the surface of the outer shell 1 in a timely manner. Through contact with the coolant and heat dissipation structures such as the heat sink 8, the heat is dissipated more efficiently, enhancing the heat dissipation effect, effectively reducing the overall temperature of the spindle, suppressing spindle deformation caused by temperature rise, improving the thermal stability of the spindle, ensuring machining accuracy, and also reducing the risk of damage to internal components of the spindle caused by high temperature, thus extending the service life of the spindle.

[0032] See Figure 1 The chuck 2 has a detachable structure to facilitate the replacement of electrode chucks 2 of different specifications.

[0033] The chuck 2 adopts a detachable structure to facilitate the replacement of electrode chucks 2 of different specifications. This allows the EDM machine tool spindle to be adapted to various types and sizes of electrodes, meeting EDM machining tasks with different shapes and precision requirements. This improves the flexibility and versatility of the equipment. When facing diverse machining needs such as precision mold machining and complex part forming, operators do not need to replace the entire spindle. They can quickly switch machining modes simply by quickly disassembling and installing the corresponding specification of electrode chuck 2. This significantly improves production efficiency, reduces equipment downtime, and lowers equipment procurement costs. It also avoids the need to purchase a special spindle because a single fixed chuck 2 structure cannot meet specific machining needs.

[0034] See Figure 3-4 The coupling 3 is an elastic coupling 3, which can compensate for the relative displacement between the power source and the main shaft and buffer vibration.

[0035] The coupling 3 is a flexible coupling that can compensate for the relative displacement between the power source and the spindle and buffer vibration. It can effectively alleviate the problems of component wear and stress concentration caused by installation errors of the power source and the spindle or axial, radial and angular deviations during operation. It avoids damage to the spindle or motor shaft caused by hard impacts from rigid connections. At the same time, the elastic element of the flexible coupling 3 can absorb and buffer the vibration energy generated during processing, reduce the transmission of vibration to the spindle, improve the spindle rotation accuracy and running stability, thereby ensuring the stability of electrical discharge machining between the electrode and the workpiece, improving the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined parts, extending the service life of the spindle, motor and related transmission components, and reducing the frequency and cost of equipment maintenance.

[0036] See Figure 3-4 The inner wall of cavity 4 is provided with a heat insulation coating.

[0037] The inner wall of the inner cavity 4 is equipped with a heat-insulating coating, which can effectively reduce the heat generated by the spindle during operation and transfer it to the outside of the inner cavity 4, preventing heat from spreading to other parts of the spindle. This maintains the cooling efficiency of the cooling system, allowing the coolant to absorb and remove heat from specific areas of the spindle more effectively, enhancing the targeted cooling effect. At the same time, it reduces the thermal impact on sensitive parts around the spindle, preventing these parts from deforming or degrading due to excessive temperature, ensuring the overall thermal stability and working accuracy of the spindle, extending the service life of components, and reducing maintenance costs caused by thermal failures.

[0038] See Figure 3-4 The guide plate 6 is S-shaped.

[0039] The guide plate 6 is S-shaped, which can guide the coolant to flow orderly along a specific path in the S-shaped cavity formed by the outer wall of the outer shell 1, the circular tube 5 and the two S-shaped guide plates 6. This avoids dead zones and local heat accumulation in the coolant flow, making the coolant distribution in the spindle more uniform and thus improving the uniformity of the cooling effect. At the same time, the S-shaped structure can increase the contact area and contact time between the coolant and the outer shell 1, prolong the flow path of the coolant in the spindle, and allow the coolant to carry away the heat generated by the spindle more fully, improving the heat exchange efficiency and effectively suppressing the spindle temperature rise.

[0040] See Figure 3-4 The heat sink 8 is arranged in a circular shape.

[0041] The heat sink 8 is arranged in a ring shape, which allows its inner wall to fully contact the coolant in the S-shaped cavity formed by the outer wall of the outer shell 1, the circular tube 5 and the guide plate 6, thereby increasing the heat exchange area between the heat sink 8 and the coolant. At the same time, the ring-shaped structure can be evenly distributed around the center of the spindle, so that the coolant can make uniform contact with the inner wall of the heat sink 8 during the flow process, enhancing the uniformity of heat dissipation. Furthermore, the continuous ring-shaped structure facilitates the stable flow of coolant along the circumference, reduces flow resistance, and improves the absorption and conduction efficiency of the heat sink 8 for the coolant, thereby further improving the overall cooling effect of the spindle.

[0042] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and does not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of this utility model, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A mechanical spindle for an electrical discharge machine tool, comprising a housing (1), characterized in that: The inner cavity (4), located inside the spindle, is used to contain the coolant; A round tube (5) is arranged in the inner cavity (4), and a round hole (7) is provided on the round tube (5); A guide plate (6) is set on the round tube (5). An S-shaped cavity is formed between the outer wall of the outer shell (1), the round tube (5), and the two guide plates (6). The cavity is connected to the inner cavity (4) through the round hole (7). Heat sink (8), the inner wall of which is in contact with the coolant.

2. An EDM machine tool mechanical spindle as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A clamp (2) is fixedly installed at one end of the housing (1), and a coupling (3) is fixedly installed at the other end of the housing (1).

3. An EDM machine tool mechanical spindle as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The outer shell (1) is made of a material with good thermal conductivity.

4. An EDM machine tool mechanical spindle as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The clamp (2) has a detachable structure to facilitate the replacement of electrode clamps of different specifications.

5. An EDM machine tool mechanical spindle as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The coupling (3) is an elastic coupling (3) which can compensate for the relative displacement between the power source and the main shaft and buffer vibration.

6. An EDM machine tool mechanical spindle as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The inner wall of the cavity (4) is provided with a heat insulation coating.

7. The EDM machine tool spindle as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The shape of the guide plate (6) is set to S-shape.

8. The EDM machine tool spindle as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The heat sink (8) is arranged in a circular shape.

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