Fuel cell membrane electrode with high stability and high catalytic performance
By using a gradient design of garnet-structured Pt particle catalysts, the performance degradation caused by gradient catalyst layers was solved, resulting in a fuel cell membrane electrode with high stability and high catalytic performance, suitable for mass production.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- FUJIAN YANAN ELECTRIC MACHINE
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing gradient catalyst layer designs improve gas transport efficiency but sacrifice catalytic capacity and proton diffusion capacity in the region near the diffusion layer, resulting in a decline in fuel cell performance.
Using garnet-structured Pt particle catalysts, the particle size and layer thickness are controlled by gradient design of the catalyst layer to form an n-layer structure, thereby improving gas transport efficiency, avoiding particle agglomeration, and enhancing stability.
While maintaining stability, the catalytic performance has been improved, enhancing the catalytic performance and stability of fuel cells, making them suitable for mass production.
Smart Images
Figure CN224177336U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to a fuel cell membrane electrode with high stability and high catalytic performance, and belongs to the field of battery membrane electrode technology. Background Technology
[0002] Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), as an important clean energy source, have received considerable attention in recent years. With the commercialization of fuel cells, performance improvement, industrialization process development, and cost reduction of PEMFC hydrogen fuel cells have become major concerns. From a performance improvement perspective, it is necessary not only to increase power output but also to ensure stability. Simultaneously, mass production feasibility and further cost reduction are also required, placing higher demands on fuel cell technology breakthroughs. Currently, gradient catalyst layer designs improve gas transport efficiency but sacrifice catalytic capacity and proton diffusion capacity in the region near the diffusion layer, leading to a decrease in cell performance.
[0003] To address the above technical issues, this paper proposes a fuel cell membrane electrode with high stability and high catalytic performance. Utility Model Content
[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a fuel cell membrane electrode with high stability and high catalytic performance.
[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of this utility model is: a fuel cell membrane electrode with high stability and high catalytic performance, comprising a proton exchange membrane, gas diffusion layers disposed on both sides of the proton exchange membrane, a cathode catalyst layer disposed between one side of the proton exchange membrane and a gas diffusion layer, and an anode catalyst layer disposed between the other side of the proton exchange membrane and another gas diffusion layer, the cathode catalyst layer comprising n layers of garnet structure cathode layer, and the anode catalyst layer comprising n layers of garnet structure anode layer, wherein the number of layers n≥3.
[0006] Preferably, in the garnet-structured cathode and anode layers, along the direction from the proton exchange membrane to the gas diffusion layer, the garnet-structured cathode and anode layers are each composed of layers S1, S2, S3...Sn in sequence. The average particle size of the particles in layer S1 is D1, the average particle size of the particles in layer S2 is D2, the average particle size of the particles in layer S3 is D3...the average particle size of the particles in layer Sn is Dn, and the layer thickness of layer S1 is T1, the layer thickness of layer S2 is T2, the layer thickness of layer S3 is T3...the layer thickness of layer Sn is Tn.
[0007] Preferably, in both the anod and chamfered layers of the pomegranate structure, the following conditions are met: particle size Dn ≤ Dn-1 and 50% ≥ Dn / Dn-1 ≥ 30%.
[0008] Preferably, the pomegranate structure cathodic and anode layers both satisfy the following: layer thickness satisfies 100% ≥ Tn-1 / Tn ≥ 75%.
[0009] Preferably, both the garnet-structured anion and anode layers are made of garnet-structured Pt particle catalysts.
[0010] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: The highly stable and high-catalytic-performance fuel cell membrane electrode uses a garnet-structured cathode layer and a garnet-structured anode layer, and achieves a gradient catalytic layer design by controlling the size of garnet-structured platinum particles. This allows for improved gas transport efficiency through particle size variation, and the smaller particles do not agglomerate, significantly ensuring the stability of the battery during use. Compared to existing technologies that sacrifice stability, this invention improves catalytic performance while balancing stability and process influences.
[0011] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description
[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present utility model.
[0013] Figure 2 This is a SEM image of the cross-section of the catalyst layer in an embodiment of this utility model.
[0014] Figure 3a The figure shows the power performance test results of different catalytic layer structures in embodiments of this utility model.
[0015] Figure 3b The figure shows the stability test results of different catalytic layer structures in embodiments of this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0016] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0017] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.
[0018] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to this application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.
[0019] like Figure 1 As shown in Figure 3, this embodiment provides a fuel cell membrane electrode with high stability and high catalytic performance, including a proton exchange membrane 1. Gas diffusion layers 2 are disposed on both sides of the proton exchange membrane. A cathode catalyst layer is disposed between one side of the proton exchange membrane and a gas diffusion layer, and an anode catalyst layer is disposed between the other side of the proton exchange membrane and another gas diffusion layer. The cathode catalyst layer includes n layers of garnet structure cathode layer 3, and the anode catalyst layer includes n layers of garnet structure anode layer 4, where the number of layers n≥3.
[0020] In this embodiment of the invention, in the garnet-structured cathode and anode layers, along the direction from the proton exchange membrane to the gas diffusion layer, the garnet-structured cathode and anode layers are sequentially composed of layers S1, S2, S3...Sn. The average particle size of the particles in layer S1 is D1, the average particle size of the particles in layer S2 is D2, the average particle size of the particles in layer S3 is D3...the average particle size of the particles in layer Sn is Dn, and the layer thickness of layer S1 is T1, the layer thickness of layer S2 is T2, the layer thickness of layer S3 is T3...the layer thickness of layer Sn is Tn.
[0021] In this embodiment of the invention, the following conditions are met in both the anode and cathode layers of the pomegranate structure: particle size Dn≤Dn-1 and 50%≥Dn / Dn-1≥30%.
[0022] In this embodiment of the invention, the following conditions are met in both the cathode and anode layers of the pomegranate structure: the layer thickness is 100% ≥ Tn-1 / Tn ≥ 75%.
[0023] In this embodiment of the invention, both the garnet-structured cathode and anode layers are made of garnet-structured Pt particle catalysts.
[0024] Advantages of using Pt particles with garnet structures of different sizes for gradient catalyst layer design: Gradient design based on catalyst particle size is beneficial to gas diffusion efficiency and to control during mass production; Garnet structure platinum particles significantly reduce particle agglomeration problems, resulting in a significant improvement in the stability of the prepared battery.
[0025] In this embodiment of the invention, the garnet-structured Pt particle catalyst is existing technology and is the same as the garnet-structured Pt particle catalyst in patent CN119481113A, a high-performance proton exchange membrane fuel cell catalyst.
[0026] The steps for preparing the gradient catalyst layer based on the size of platinum particles with a garnet structure are as follows:
[0027] Catalytic layer solutions were prepared using garnet-structured platinum particles of different sizes; the preparation steps of the catalytic layer solutions are as follows:
[0028] a) Take a certain amount of carbon material, mix it with water and isopropanol solvent, and stir magnetically for 30 minutes;
[0029] b) Add the catalyst particles to the carbon solution in a) and disperse them ultrasonically for 50 min;
[0030] c) Take a certain amount of ionomer and add it to the solution in b) and sonicate for 50 minutes to obtain the corresponding catalyst layer solution.
[0031] The gradient film is achieved by sequentially spraying S1, S2, S3...Sn.
[0032] Compared to existing technologies that sacrifice stability, the technology in this application improves catalytic performance while balancing catalytic performance, stability, and process influence. Electrodes prepared using this method were subjected to IV testing and accelerated cycling tests, and the results are as follows: Figure 3a , 3b As shown in Figure 3a), the control group used the same amount of garnet-structured platinum particles in the three layers to obtain a catalyst layer solution, and then sprayed the same mass of catalyst onto the PEM membrane using the same process steps. As shown in Figure 3a), the catalytic performance of the garnet-structured Pt particle catalyst material improved by approximately 13% at 0.7V. The membrane electrode stability test results obtained by different schemes are shown in Figure 3b), which shows that the membrane electrode prepared using this scheme has a 15% improved stability.
[0033] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this utility model and is not intended to limit the utility model in any other way. Any person skilled in the art may make changes or modifications to the above-disclosed technical content to create equivalent embodiments. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this utility model without departing from its technical solution shall still fall within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A fuel cell membrane electrode assembly with high stability and high catalytic performance, comprising a proton exchange membrane, wherein gas diffusion layers are disposed on both sides of the proton exchange membrane, characterized in that: A cathode catalytic layer is disposed between one side of the proton exchange membrane and a gas diffusion layer, and an anode catalytic layer is disposed between the other side and another gas diffusion layer. The cathode catalytic layer comprises n layers of garnet-structured cathode layers, and the anode catalytic layer comprises n layers of garnet-structured anode layers, wherein the number of layers n≥3.
2. The fuel cell membrane electrode assembly with high stability and high catalytic performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the garnet-structured anode and cathode layers, along the direction from the proton exchange membrane to the gas diffusion layer, the garnet-structured anode and cathode layers are sequentially composed of layers S1, S2, S3...Sn. The average particle size of the particles in layer S1 is D1, the average particle size of the particles in layer S2 is D2, the average particle size of the particles in layer S3 is D3...the average particle size of the particles in layer Sn is Dn, and the layer thickness of layer S1 is T1, the layer thickness of layer S2 is T2, the layer thickness of layer S3 is T3...the layer thickness of layer Sn is Tn.
3. The fuel cell membrane electrode assembly with high stability and high catalytic performance according to claim 2, characterized in that: In both the anod and cathode layers of the pomegranate structure, the following conditions are met: particle size Dn ≤ Dn-1 and 50% ≥ Dn / Dn-1 ≥ 30%.
4. The fuel cell membrane electrode assembly with high stability and high catalytic performance according to claim 2, characterized in that: In both the anod and cathode layers of the garnet structure, the following condition is met: the layer thickness satisfies 100% ≥ Tn-1 / Tn ≥ 75%.
5. The fuel cell membrane electrode assembly with high stability and high catalytic performance according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the garnet-structured cathode and anode layers are made of Pt particle catalysts with a garnet structure.