Biological filtration deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses

Abstract

The utility model discloses a biological filtration deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses, which comprises an air pump, a gas flow meter, a humidifier, a biological filter and an odor analyzer, one side of the air pump is connected with the gas flow meter, one side of the gas flow meter is connected with the humidifier, one side of the humidifier is connected with the biological filter, and the other side of the humidifier is connected with the odor analyzer. A gas outlet of the biofilter is connected with the odor analyzer, the biofilter sequentially comprises a leachate recovery layer, a gravel layer, a filler A layer, a first spraying layer, a filler B layer and a second spraying layer from bottom to top, the filler A layer and the filler B layer are separated by a perforated partition plate, and the gravel layer and the leachate recovery layer are also separated by a perforated partition plate. The biological filtration deodorizer for the livestock and poultry house is simple to operate, uniform in gas distribution, uniform in malodorous gas dispersion, multi-stage in biological deodorization and good in malodorous gas removal effect, and is used for treating the malodorous gas in the livestock and poultry house.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of display screen technology, and in particular to a biological filter deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, the transformation and upgrading of animal husbandry towards standardized and large-scale farming has accelerated, with increasingly larger-scale operations. This accelerated scaling up of livestock and poultry farming inevitably leads to an increase in the emission of malodorous gases. Pollution from animal manure, wastewater, and animal carcasses has become a significant environmental problem. Malodorous gases from livestock and poultry farming typically contain three categories: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen compounds, such as alcohols, aldehydes, and organic acids; sulfur-containing compounds, such as thiols, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and methanethiol (CH4S); and nitrogen-containing compounds, such as ammonia (NH3), amines, and indole. Long-term exposure to these gases can cause numerous problems in humans, including respiratory irritation, allergies, asthma, irritability, tension, anxiety, chronic headaches, nausea, and weakened immunity. Therefore, effectively controlling odor emissions from livestock and poultry houses and solving environmental pollution problems is a primary issue that urgently needs to be addressed in the development of my country's animal husbandry industry. Currently, odor removal processes mainly include physical, chemical, and biological methods. For such large-volume, low-concentration malodorous gases from livestock and poultry, traditional physical or chemical methods are too costly, energy-intensive, and have low removal rates, which is detrimental to the operation and management of farms.

[0003] Compared to physical and chemical deodorization methods, biological deodorization is favored by the domestic and international livestock industries due to its advantages such as low operating costs, high deodorization efficiency, less secondary pollution, low energy consumption, and ease of operation. Biofilters, biotrickling filters, and bioscrubbers are the three main biological reaction processes for treating odors from livestock farming. Their corresponding biological deodorization devices are the most effective deodorization systems for treating waste gases characterized by high gas volumes and low pollutant loads.

[0004] Biofilters commonly use packing materials containing microorganisms and nutrients rich in microbial growth as biofilm carriers. Utilizing the oxidative decomposition action of microorganisms within the biofilm, no additional supply of microorganisms or nutrients is required during operation. Biofilter equipment comes in various forms, with multi-stage deodorization towers being one example. Odor-laden gas is introduced into the tower and filtered through multiple layers of biological packing material to achieve deodorization. However, existing deodorization towers lack uniform gas distribution when introducing gas, leading to uneven gas dispersion and hindering effective interaction with the biological packing layer. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-stage biological filtration odor removal device to address these issues. Furthermore, in addition to deodorization, an odor substance monitoring system is used to analyze the composition of the emitted gas and monitor the removal progress. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a biological filter deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses, which is simple to operate, provides uniform gas distribution, disperses malodorous gases evenly, and performs multi-stage biological deodorization, resulting in a good effect on removing malodorous gases.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a biological filter deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses, including an air pump, a gas flow meter, a humidifier, a biological filter, and an odor analyzer. One side of the air pump is connected to the gas flow meter, one side of the gas flow meter is connected to the humidifier, one side of the humidifier is connected to the biological filter, and the outlet of the biological filter is connected to the odor analyzer. The biological filter consists of, from bottom to top, a leachate recovery layer, a gravel layer, a packing A layer, a first spray layer, a packing B layer, and a second spray layer. The packing A layer and the packing B layer are separated by a perforated partition, and the gravel layer and the leachate recovery layer are also separated by a perforated partition.

[0007] Preferably, the packing layer A has two layers and the packing layer B has two layers, and the two layers of packing layer A and packing layer B are separated by perforated partitions.

[0008] Preferably, a thermometer and hygrometer are provided between the two layers of filler A and filler B.

[0009] Preferably, a leachate return pump is provided on the outside of the leachate recovery layer and is connected to the leachate recovery layer. The leachate return pump is connected to the first spray layer and the second spray layer respectively through a liquid flow pipe, and the liquid flow pipe can be connected to an external water source.

[0010] Preferably, the first spray layer and the second spray layer are provided with spray heads, and the spray heads are connected to the liquid flow pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the biofilter has an air outlet at the top, an air outlet pipe above the air outlet, a first air valve on the air outlet pipe, a non-powered automatic wind cap above the first air valve, and an air intake pipe connected to the air outlet pipe below the first air valve. One end of the air intake pipe is connected to an odor analyzer, and a second air valve is provided at the end of the air intake pipe near the air outlet pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the filler layer A is composed of perlite, wood chips, and compost, and the filler layer B is composed of wood chips, earthworm castings, and perlite.

[0013] The advantages and beneficial effects of this utility model of a biological filter deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses are as follows:

[0014] 1. The malodorous gas is passed into the main body of a biofilter rich in microorganisms. The microorganisms growing on the filter media effectively remove odorous components such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia. Compared with traditional physicochemical methods, microbial decomposition of malodorous substances is faster, more efficient, more stable, and under milder reaction conditions. The equipment has a small footprint, saves space and resources, has low operating costs, long operating time, high purification efficiency, and does not produce secondary pollution during the treatment process.

[0015] 2. It can also prevent the surface from becoming too dry due to uneven ventilation during the biological treatment process. The entire process uses biological methods to treat organic waste gas, which can achieve the requirements of efficient and environmentally friendly treatment.

[0016] 3. The perforated baffles separate the packing layer, which reduces the pressure drop and also allows for uniform gas distribution, ensuring that the odorous gas is evenly dispersed and fully contacts the biological packing layer, thereby improving the removal effect.

[0017] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a biological filter deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses according to this utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a process flow diagram of a biological filter deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses according to this utility model.

[0020] Figure Labels

[0021] 1. Air pump; 2. Gas flow meter; 3. Humidifier; 4. Leachate recovery layer; 5. Gravel layer; 6. Perforated baffle; 7. Packing layer A; 8. Thermometer and hygrometer; 9. Spray head; 10. Packing layer B; 11. Air outlet; 12. Liquid flow pipe; 13. Leachate return pump; 14. Automatic non-powered fan cap; 15. Odor analyzer; 16. First air valve; 17. Second air valve; 18. Air intake pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this utility model shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this utility model do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0024] Example

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, a biological filter deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses includes an air pump 1, a gas flow meter 2, a humidifier 3, a biological filter, and an odor analyzer 15. One side of the air pump 1 is connected to the gas flow meter 2, one side of the gas flow meter 2 is connected to the humidifier 3, and one side of the humidifier 3 is connected to the biological filter. The outlet 11 of the biological filter is connected to the odor analyzer 15. The air pump 1 is placed at the source of the odor, drawing the malodorous gas into the biological filter under negative pressure. The malodorous gas flows through the gas flow meter 2, which allows observation of the intake volume and gas flow rate. The gas is humidified upon entering the humidifier, preventing the biological packing material from drying out too quickly due to continuous ventilation, and also making it easier for odorous substances to adhere to the packing material, reducing reaction time.

[0026] The malodorous gas enters the biological filter through the inlet. The biological filter, from bottom to top, consists of a leachate recovery layer 4, a gravel layer 5, a packing layer A 7, a first spray layer, a packing layer B 10, and a second spray layer. Packing layer A 7 and packing layer B 10 are separated by a perforated partition 6, and the gravel layer 5 is also separated from the leachate recovery layer 4 by a perforated partition 6. Packing layer A 7 has two layers, and packing layer B 10 has two layers. Packing layer A 7 is composed of perlite, sawdust, and compost, while packing layer B 10 is composed of sawdust, earthworm castings, and perlite. Packing layer A 7 and packing layer B 10 are each separated by a perforated partition 6.

[0027] The malodorous gas is passed into the main body of a biofilter rich in microorganisms. The microorganisms growing on the filter media effectively remove odorous components such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), hydrogen sulfide, and ammonia. Compared with traditional physicochemical methods, microbial decomposition of malodorous substances is faster, more efficient, more stable, and under milder reaction conditions. The equipment has a small footprint, saves space and resources, has low operating costs, long operating time, high purification efficiency, and does not produce secondary pollution during the treatment process.

[0028] The main chamber of the biological filter consists of four layers of packing material, with a C / N ratio controlled between 33.5 and 39.8 to facilitate rapid microbial growth and acclimatization. Each layer is separated by a perforated baffle 6, reducing pressure drop and ensuring uniform gas distribution. This allows odorous gases to disperse evenly and make full contact with the biological packing layer, improving removal efficiency. A 2-5cm gravel layer 5 is placed after the air inlet of the biological filter to further distribute gas evenly within the filter. The gravel layer 5 is positioned between the leachate recovery layer 4 and the packing layer, keeping the water source away from the packing and preventing excessive moisture and mold growth. The gravel layer 5 is separated from the filter by perforated baffles 6, with 3-9mm diameter gravel placed between the baffles for gas distribution. This allows odorous gases to enter the filter, disperse evenly, rise, and contact the packing layer, where they are effectively degraded by the microorganisms.

[0029] A leachate return pump 13, connected to the leachate recovery layer 4, is installed on the outside of the leachate recovery layer 4. The leachate return pump 13 is connected to the first spray layer and the second spray layer respectively through a liquid flow pipe 12, which can be connected to an external water source. The first and second spray layers are equipped with spray heads 9, which are connected to the liquid flow pipe 12. Below the gravel layer 5 is a leachate recovery tank. When a large amount of leachate accumulates, it can be reused by turning on the connected leachate return pump 13. The leachate return pump 13 transports the leachate to the spray heads 9 through the liquid flow pipe 12, and the spray heads 9 spray the packing layer. When the leachate in the leachate recovery layer is low, the packing layer is humidified using an external water source connected to the liquid flow pipe 12. The installation of the leachate recovery layer and the leachate return pump can save resources. The spray head and spray packing layer can prevent the surface from becoming too dry due to uneven ventilation during the biological treatment process. The entire process uses biological methods to treat organic waste gas, which can achieve the requirements of efficient and environmentally friendly treatment.

[0030] Spray head 9 is located between layers A and B of the biological filter media, and at the top of layer B. Water is replenished when the humidity reading on the thermometer and hygrometer 8 shows a significant drop. The outlet of the leachate recovery layer 4 is connected to the leachate return pump 13, and together with an external water source, to the liquid flow pipe 12. During normal use, water is replenished from an external source. When the leachate recovery layer 4 accumulates a large amount of water, the leachate return pump 13 is used for recovery spraying.

[0031] A thermometer and hygrometer 8 are installed between the packing layer A (7) and the packing layer B (10). The lower end of the thermometer and hygrometer 8 is inserted into the main body of the biofilter to monitor the temperature and humidity changes inside the biofilter.

[0032] The biofilter has an air outlet 11 at the top, an air outlet pipe above the air outlet 11, a first air valve 16 on the air outlet pipe, a non-powered automatic vent cap 14 above the first air valve 16, and an air intake pipe 18 connected to the air outlet pipe below the first air valve 16. One end of the air intake pipe 18 is connected to the odor analyzer 15, and a second air valve 17 is provided at the end of the air intake pipe 18 near the air outlet pipe.

[0033] After being treated by microorganisms in the packing material, the malodorous gas is discharged through the outlet pipe of the outlet 11. The outlet pipe and the inlet pipe 18 are controlled by the first valve 16 and the second valve 17, respectively. When gas detection is not required, the second valve 17 is closed and the first valve 16 is open, allowing direct gas discharge. A non-powered automatic vent cap 14 is installed on top of the first valve 16. This prevents rainwater from entering during thunderstorms and affecting the efficiency of the biofilter, and also allows the vent cap to rotate using a gentle breeze to remove internal air and ensure airflow within the biofilter. When the biofilter's condition needs to be evaluated, the first valve 16 is closed and the second valve 17 remains open. The gas flows through the inlet pipe 18 to the odor analyzer 15. The odor analyzer 15 can be a portable instrument to detect malodorous gases, or it can be collected using a gas sampling bag and sent to an experimental center for testing using precision instruments such as a sulfide analyzer, ammonia analyzer, and gas chromatograph. The experimental data obtained is output and summarized to a computer terminal for data analysis to determine the gas purification effect.

[0034] When using, such as Figure 2 As shown, the odorous gas drawn by the air pump 1 is regulated by the gas flow meter 2, humidified by the humidifier 3, and then enters the biofilter. It enters the gravel layer 5 through the biofilter inlet and is evenly distributed through the perforated baffle 6, ensuring uniform distribution of the odorous gas in the packing layer A 7. The odorous gas then comes into full and uniform contact with the packing material in layer A 7, allowing the packing material A to adsorb the odorous gas. The odorous gas adsorbed by layer A 7 passes through the perforated baffle 6 into layer B 10 for deodorization. The odorous gas, simultaneously treated by layers A 7 and B 10, is discharged from the biofilter through the outlet 11 via the outlet pipe, or collected and tested by the odor analyzer 15. Data is obtained to determine the gas purification effect. This multi-stage biological deodorization method effectively removes odorous gases. When the packing surface is dry, the packing can be sprayed to humidify it. When there is leachate in the leachate recovery layer 4, the leachate in the leachate recovery layer 4 can be used for spraying. When there is not enough leachate in the leachate recovery layer 4 for spraying, an external water source is used for spraying.

[0035] Therefore, this utility model adopts the above-mentioned biological filter deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses, which is simple to operate, provides uniform gas distribution, disperses malodorous gases evenly, and performs multi-stage biological deodorization, resulting in a good effect on removing malodorous gases, and is used to treat malodorous gases in livestock and poultry houses.

[0036] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of this utility model and not to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solution of this utility model, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of this utility model.

Claims

1. A biofilter deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses, characterized in that: The device comprises a gas pump, a gas flow meter, a humidifier, a biological filter and an odor analyzer, one side of the gas pump is connected with the gas flow meter, one side of the gas flow meter is connected with the humidifier, one side of the humidifier is connected with the biological filter, the gas outlet of the biological filter is connected with the odor analyzer, the biological filter comprises, from bottom to top, a leachate recovery layer, a gravel layer, a filler A layer, a first spraying layer, a filler B layer and a second spraying layer, the filler A layer and the filler B layer are separated by a perforated partition, and the gravel layer and the leachate recovery layer are also separated by a perforated partition.

2. The biological filter deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filler A layer is provided with two layers, the filler B layer is provided with two layers, and the two layers of the filler A layer and the filler B layer are separated by a perforated partition.

3. A biofilter deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two layers of the filler A layer and the filler B layer are provided with a hygrometer.

4. The biological filter deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leachate recovery layer is provided with a leachate recovery spraying pump which is communicated with the leachate recovery layer, the leachate recovery spraying pump is communicated with the first spraying layer and the second spraying layer through liquid flow pipes, and the liquid flow pipes can be connected with a water source.

5. The biofilter deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first spraying layer and the second spraying layer are provided with spraying heads which are communicated with the liquid flow pipes.

6. The biofilter deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the biological filter is provided with a gas outlet, an air outlet pipe is arranged above the gas outlet, a first gas valve is arranged on the air outlet pipe, a non-powered automatic air cap is arranged above the first gas valve, a gas guide pipe which is communicated with the air outlet pipe is arranged below the first gas valve, one end of the gas guide pipe is communicated with the odor analyzer, and the other end of the gas guide pipe which is close to the air outlet pipe is provided with a second gas valve.

7. The biofilter deodorizer for livestock and poultry houses according to claim 1, characterized in that: The filler A layer is composed of perlite, wood chips and compost, and the filler B layer is composed of wood chips, vermicompost and perlite.

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