Adjustable magneto-rheological shock absorber and tool for assembling and disassembling shock absorber piston

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of automobile shock absorbers, and particularly relates to an adjustable magneto-rheological shock absorber and a tool for assembling and disassembling a shock absorber piston. A piston of the shock absorber comprises a winding frame, a coil and a guide sleeve in axial sliding fit with the inner side wall of a cylinder body, an upper end cover, a movable cushion block and a lower end cover are sequentially arranged in the guide sleeve from top to bottom, the upper end cover and the lower end cover are both in threaded connection with the guide sleeve, and the winding frame is located between the upper end cover and the movable cushion block; the piston rod is fixed on the upper end cover; the upper end cover, the winding frame, the movable cushion block and the lower end cover are each provided with an axial through damping hole, the damping holes are communicated with one another to form a damping channel, the damping hole in the lower end cover is communicated with the lower liquid cavity, and the damping hole in the upper end cover is communicated with the upper liquid cavity. The cross section area of the damping channel on the piston is adjusted by replacing parts on the piston, the damping force adjusting range of the shock absorber is enlarged, and cost is saved. By adopting the tool provided by the utility model, the piston can be quickly disassembled and assembled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of automotive shock absorber technology, specifically relating to an adjustable magnetorheological shock absorber and a tool for installing and removing the shock absorber piston. Background Technology

[0002] Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) dampers are intelligent vibration damping devices based on MRF technology. They can quickly, smoothly, and continuously adjust their damping capabilities by monitoring the movement of the vehicle body and wheels, thereby improving vehicle ride comfort. Existing MRF dampers mainly consist of a cylinder connected to the wheel frame, with a piston body axially sliding within the cylinder. The outer wall of the piston body seals against the inner wall of the cylinder, dividing the cylinder cavity into an upper and lower liquid chamber, which are connected by a liquid channel on the piston body. The piston body has an electromagnetic coil and a piston rod, one end of which extends out of the cylinder and connects to the vehicle body. The cylinder cavity is filled with MRF, which consists of micron-sized magnetic particles suspended in a carrier liquid. By adjusting the magnetic field strength of the electromagnetic coil, the rheological properties of the MRF are adjusted, thereby regulating the damping force of the damper. That is, when the magnetic field of the electromagnetic coil on the piston body is enhanced, the magnetic particles instantly arrange themselves into a chain-like structure, the viscosity of the liquid increases significantly, and even exhibits solid-like properties; after the magnetic field disappears, the magnetorheological fluid returns to the liquid state, thereby realizing the adjustment of the damping force of the shock absorber.

[0003] During the early stages of vehicle development, multiple tests of the experimental vehicles are required to verify the damping performance of the magnetorheological dampers. This ensures that the damping performance of the magnetorheological dampers is well-matched to the vehicle, thereby improving the ride comfort of the final product. Traditional magnetorheological dampers adjust their damping force solely by regulating the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic coil on the piston body. This adjustment range is limited, and multiple magnetorheological dampers of different specifications need to be prepared in advance for vehicle testing, resulting in high costs. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is: to provide an adjustable magnetorheological damper, which can adjust the cross-sectional area of ​​the damping channel on the piston by replacing the parts on the piston, thereby increasing the damping force adjustment range of the damper; and to provide a tool for assembling and disassembling the piston of the damper, which facilitates the disassembly and assembly of the parts on the piston, improves the efficiency of adjusting the damping force range of the damper, improves the efficiency of vehicle driving test, and saves production costs.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the technical problem is: an adjustable magnetorheological vibration damper, including a cylinder, a piston, a piston rod, and a guide sealing assembly; the cylinder is a cylindrical structure with an open upper end and a closed lower end, and the guide sealing assembly is disposed at the upper end of the cylinder to seal the inner cavity of the cylinder; the piston is located in the cylinder and divides the inner cavity of the cylinder into an upper liquid cavity and a lower liquid cavity, both of which are filled with magnetorheological fluid; the upper end of the piston rod passes through the guide sealing assembly and extends upward into the cylinder; the piston includes a winding frame and a coil wound on the winding frame;

[0006] The piston also includes a guide sleeve that slides axially with the inner wall of the cylinder. The inner side of the guide sleeve is provided with an upper end cover, a movable pad, and a lower end cover arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The outer walls of the upper end cover and the lower end cover are threadedly connected to the inner wall of the guide sleeve. The winding frame is located between the upper end cover and the movable pad and abuts against them axially. The lower end of the movable pad abuts against the lower end cover. There is an annular channel between the winding frame and the guide sleeve. The lower end of the piston rod is fixedly connected to the upper end cover. A buffer pad is provided on the side of the upper end cover away from the lower end cover.

[0007] The upper end cover, the winding frame, the movable pad, and the lower end cover are all provided with axially penetrating damping holes. The upper port of the damping hole on the winding frame and the upper port of the annular channel are respectively connected to the damping hole on the upper end cover. The lower port of the damping hole on the winding frame and the lower port of the annular channel are respectively connected to the damping hole on the movable pad. The damping hole on the movable pad is connected to the damping hole on the lower end cover. The damping hole on the lower end cover is connected to the lower liquid chamber. The damping hole on the upper end cover is connected to the upper liquid chamber.

[0008] Furthermore, the cylinder body is also provided with a floating piston and an adjusting air chamber located below the lower liquid chamber. The lower liquid chamber and the adjusting air chamber are isolated by the floating piston. The floating piston is axially slidingly engaged with the cylinder body, and the lower end of the cylinder body is provided with an air inlet that communicates with the adjusting air chamber.

[0009] The floating piston includes a piston body and an O-ring. The outer wall of the piston body is provided with an annular sealing groove coaxial with it. The O-ring is disposed in the annular sealing groove. The floating piston is sealed to the inner wall of the cylinder body through the O-ring.

[0010] Furthermore, the guide sleeve includes a guide section and a transition section coaxially arranged at both ends of the guide section. The outer wall of the guide section is axially slidingly engaged with the inner wall of the cylinder body. The outer wall of the transition section is a sloped surface that is inclined outward from the end away from the guide section to the end close to the guide section. There is a gap between the sloped surface and the cylinder body.

[0011] Furthermore, the lower end of the upper cover is coaxially provided with a downwardly protruding upper positioning part, and the upper end of the movable pad is coaxially provided with an upwardly protruding lower positioning part; the outer side wall of the movable pad is in contact with the outer side wall of the guide sleeve.

[0012] The upper end of the winding frame is coaxially provided with a recessed upper positioning groove, and the lower end of the winding frame is coaxially provided with an upwardly recessed lower positioning groove; the upper positioning part is located in the upper positioning groove and the two are adapted in shape and size, and the lower positioning part is located in the lower positioning groove and the two are adapted in shape and size.

[0013] Furthermore, the upper end cover is coaxially provided with an axially penetrating countersunk hole, the conical hole of the countersunk hole being located below the straight hole of the countersunk hole; the upper part of the hole wall of the conical hole is provided with an annular external groove coaxial with it.

[0014] The piston rod has a wire passage that is coaxial with and axially extends through it, and the outer side wall of the lower part of the piston rod has an annular inner groove that is coaxial with it, and an elastic retaining ring is coaxially engaged in the inner groove.

[0015] The lower part of the piston rod is located inside the countersunk hole, and the outer side of the elastic retaining ring in the inner groove is engaged in the outer groove; the piston rod is clearance-fitted with the straight hole of the countersunk hole.

[0016] Furthermore, the piston rod includes a piston rod body and a lower positioning post coaxially disposed below the piston rod body, the piston rod body and the lower positioning post being arranged adjacent to each other vertically; the inner groove and the elastic retaining ring are both disposed on the piston rod body; the outer side wall of the lower positioning post is provided with an annular sealing groove coaxial with it, and an annular sealing ring is coaxially engaged in the annular sealing groove;

[0017] The upper positioning groove of the winding frame is coaxially provided with a stepped through hole at the bottom, and the larger hole of the stepped through hole is located above the smaller hole of the stepped through hole and the two are arranged coaxially.

[0018] The lower positioning post is inserted into the large hole of the stepped through hole with a clearance fit. The lower positioning post is sealed to the side wall of the large hole of the stepped through hole through the annular sealing ring on it. The lower end of the lower positioning post abuts against the stepped surface inside the stepped through hole. The signal line of the coil passes through the small hole of the stepped through hole from bottom to top and enters the wire passage. The small hole of the stepped through hole is filled with sealant.

[0019] Both the movable pad and the lower end cover have a central hole, the diameter of which is greater than or equal to the diameter of the small hole in the stepped through hole on the winding frame; the central hole on the movable pad is connected to the damping hole on the winding frame.

[0020] Furthermore, the upper end cover is provided with upper damping holes, and the plurality of upper damping holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the upper end cover; the lower end cover is provided with a plurality of lower damping holes, and the plurality of lower damping holes are evenly distributed along the circumference of the lower end cover.

[0021] Furthermore, both the upper damping hole and the lower damping hole are arc-shaped hole structures, and the center of the upper damping hole and the center of the lower damping hole are both located on the center line of the piston.

[0022] Furthermore, the internal thread at the upper end of the guide sleeve has the opposite thread direction to the internal thread at the lower end of the guide sleeve.

[0023] A tooling for disassembling the piston of the adjustable magnetorheological damper includes an upper wrench and a lower wrench that cooperate with each other.

[0024] The upper wrench includes a handle, one end of which has an adapter hole, and the other end of which has a U-shaped groove and two upper locking blocks. The depth direction of the adapter hole is perpendicular to the length direction of the handle. The depth direction of the U-shaped groove is along the length direction of the handle, and the axis of the U-shaped groove is along the depth direction of the adapter hole. The cross-section of the bottom surface of the U-shaped groove is an arc structure. The upper locking blocks protrude from the handle along the depth direction of the adapter hole, and the projection of the upper locking blocks on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the U-shaped groove is an arc structure adapted to the shape and size of the upper damping hole. The two upper locking blocks are located on the same side of the axial direction of the U-shaped groove and are evenly distributed around the axis of the bottom surface of the U-shaped groove.

[0025] The lower wrench includes a main board, on one side of which is a clamping post with a regular hexagonal cross-section, and on the other side of which are two lower locking blocks. The projection of the lower locking blocks on the main board is an arc-shaped structure that matches the shape and size of the lower damping hole. The lower locking blocks are coaxially arranged with the clamping post, and the two lower locking blocks are evenly distributed around the circumference of the clamping post.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: it provides an adjustable magnetorheological damper, which can not only adjust the rheological properties of the magnetorheological fluid by controlling the strength of the current in the coil on the piston to realize the damping force generated during the extension and retraction of the piston rod, but also adjust the rheological properties of the magnetorheological fluid by changing the number of turns of the coil and changing the magnetic field strength generated after the coil is energized, thereby realizing the adjustment of the damping force generated during the relative extension and retraction of the cylinder and piston rod. Furthermore, it can adjust the cross-sectional area of ​​the damping channel on the piston by replacing one or more of the following: a winding frame with different outer diameters, a guide sleeve with different inner diameters, an upper end cover with different damping holes, a movable pad with different damping holes, and a lower end cover with different damping holes, thereby realizing the damping force generated during the relative extension and retraction of the cylinder and piston rod, increasing the adjustment range of the damping force generated during the relative extension and retraction of the cylinder and piston rod, and increasing the adjustment range of the damping capacity of the damper. When using this invention as a shock absorber in vehicle driving evaluation tests, the shock absorber's damping capacity can be adjusted without replacing multiple magnetorheological shock absorbers, thus saving testing costs. Furthermore, the guide sleeve and its internal components, such as the winding frame, coil, and movable pad, can be replaced simply by unscrewing the upper and lower end covers from the guide sleeve, facilitating piston disassembly and assembly and improving piston assembly and disassembly efficiency.

[0027] A tooling for disassembling the piston of the adjustable magnetorheological damper is provided, which can quickly complete the disassembly and assembly of the piston, improve the disassembly efficiency of the piston, improve the efficiency of vehicle driving test, and save production manpower. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of the magnetorheological vibration damper in this utility model;

[0029] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram of section A in the middle;

[0030] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram of section B in the middle;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of the piston guide sleeve;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of the winding frame;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a top view of the piston's upper end cap.

[0034] Figure 7 It is along Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the sectional structure of the mid-section line of sight BB;

[0035] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the axial cross-sectional structure of the movable pad;

[0036] Figure 9 Yes, this is a top view of the lower end cap structure.

[0037] Figure 10 It is along Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the mid-section line of sight CC;

[0038] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the upper wrench;

[0039] Figure 12 It is along Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the sectional structure of the line of sight DD in the diagram;

[0040] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the lower wrench;

[0041] Figure 14 It is along Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the section line EE in the diagram;

[0042] Reference numerals: 1-Cylinder body; 11-Upper liquid chamber; 12-Lower liquid chamber; 13-Adjusting air chamber; 2-Piston; 21-Winding frame; 211-Upper positioning groove; 212-Lower positioning groove; 213-Winding groove; 214-Large hole of stepped through hole; 215-Small hole of stepped through hole; 216-Intermediate damping hole; 22-Coil; 23-Guide sleeve; 231-Guide section; 232-Transition section; 24-Upper end cover; 241-Upper positioning part; 242-Counterhead hole; 243-External groove; 244-Upper damping hole; 25-Modible pad; 251-Lower positioning part; 26-Lower end cover; 261- 27-Lower damping hole; 28-Annular channel; 3-Buffer pad; 3-Piston rod; 30-Piston rod body; 31-Wire passage; 32-Inner groove; 33-Elastic retaining ring; 34-Lower positioning post; 341-Annular sealing groove; 35-Annular sealing ring; 4-Guide sealing assembly; 41-Threaded end cap; 42-Guide seat; 43-Oil seal; 5-Floating piston; 51-Piston body; 52-O-ring seal; 6-Inflation nozzle; 7-Upper wrench; 71-Turner; 711-Adapter hole; 72-U-groove; 73-Upper locking block; 8-Lower wrench; 81-Main board; 82-Lower locking block; 83-Clamping post. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0044] As attached Figure 1-14 As shown, an adjustable magnetorheological damper includes a cylinder 1, a piston 2, a piston rod 3, and a guide sealing assembly 4. The cylinder 1 is a cylindrical structure with an open upper end and a closed lower end. The guide sealing assembly 4 is disposed at the upper end of the cylinder 1 to seal the inner cavity of the cylinder 1. The piston 2 is located inside the cylinder 1 and divides the inner cavity of the cylinder 1 into an upper liquid chamber 11 and a lower liquid chamber 12, both of which are filled with magnetorheological fluid. The upper end of the piston rod 3 passes through the guide sealing assembly. Component 4 extends upward from the cylinder body 1; the piston 2 includes a winding frame 21 and a coil 22 wound on the winding frame 21, and also includes a guide sleeve 23 that slides axially with the inner wall of the cylinder body 1. The guide sleeve 23 has an upper end cover 24, a movable pad 25, and a lower end cover 26 arranged sequentially from top to bottom on its inner side. The outer walls of the upper end cover 24 and the lower end cover 26 are threadedly connected to the inner wall of the guide sleeve 23. The winding frame 21 is located between the upper end cover 24 and the movable pad 25. The movable pads 25 are axially abutting each other, and the lower end of the movable pads 25 abuts against the lower end cover 26. An annular channel 27 exists between the winding frame 21 and the guide sleeve 23. The lower end of the piston rod 3 is fixedly connected to the upper end cover 24. A buffer pad 28 is provided on the side of the upper end cover 24 away from the lower end cover 26. Axially penetrating damping holes are provided on the upper end cover 24, the winding frame 21, the movable pads 25, and the lower end cover 26. The upper port of the damping hole on the winding frame 21 and the upper port of the annular channel 27 are respectively connected to the damping hole on the upper end cover 24. The lower port of the damping hole on the winding frame 21 and the lower port of the annular channel 27 are respectively connected to the damping hole on the movable pad 25. The damping hole on the movable pad 25 is connected to the damping hole on the lower end cover 26. The damping hole on the lower end cover 26 is connected to the lower liquid chamber 12. The damping hole on the upper end cover 24 is connected to the upper liquid chamber 11. The outer side wall of the movable pad 25 is axially slidably connected to the inner side wall of the guide sleeve 23.

[0045] In use, the upper end of piston rod 3 is connected to the vehicle body, and cylinder 1 is connected to the wheel frame. The signal line on coil 22 extends out of cylinder 1 and is electrically connected to the controller on the vehicle. When the distance between the vehicle body and the wheel frame increases, the piston rod 3 is pulled up by the vehicle body, causing the piston 2 at its lower end to move upward in cylinder 1. The magnetorheological fluid in the upper liquid chamber 11 enters the damping hole of the winding frame 21 and the annular channel 27 through the damping hole on the upper end cover 24, and finally flows into the lower liquid chamber 12 through the damping hole on the movable pad 25 and the damping hole on the lower end cover 26. When the distance between the vehicle body and the wheel frame decreases, the lower piston rod 3 is pressed down, causing the piston 2 to move downwards within the cylinder 1. The magnetorheological fluid in the lower fluid chamber 12 enters the piston 2 through the damping hole on the lower end cover 26, then flows through the damping hole on the movable pad 25 to the damping hole on the upper end cover 24, entering the damping hole of the winding frame 21 and the annular channel 27, and finally flows through the damping hole on the upper end cover 24 to the upper fluid chamber 11. The channel through which the magnetorheological fluid flows in the piston 2 is called the throttling channel. The magnetorheological fluid in the cylinder 1 flows repeatedly between the upper fluid chamber 11 and the lower fluid chamber 12 through the throttling channel on the piston, generating damping force, thereby achieving hydraulic buffering of the piston movement of the shock absorber. When the damping force generated by the throttling of the magnetorheological fluid through the damping channel is insufficient to meet the vehicle's vibration reduction requirements, the height sensor on the shock absorber feeds a signal back to the vehicle's controller. The vehicle's controller then energizes the coil 22 on the piston 2, causing the coil 22 to generate a magnetic field. This increases the viscosity of the magnetorheological fluid near the piston 2, reducing its rheological properties and increasing the damping force generated when the magnetorheological fluid passes through the damping channel on the piston 2. This further enhances the shock absorber's anti-vibration capability, reduces the vertical movement of the vehicle body, and improves the vehicle's ride comfort. By supplying different current intensities to the control coil 21, different magnetic field intensities can be generated, thereby altering the rheological properties of the magnetorheological fluid near the piston 2. Magnetorheological fluids with different rheological properties generate different damping forces through the damping channel on the piston 2, thus adjusting the overall vibration reduction capability of the shock absorber.

[0046] When the above methods still cannot meet the required buffer force of the vehicle, the piston 2 is removed from the cylinder 1. By adjusting the number of turns of the coil 22 on the winding frame 21, the magnetic field strength generated by the coil 21 under the same current is made different, thereby changing the rheological properties of the magnetorheological fluid and adjusting the damping capacity of the shock absorber. The damping force of the shock absorber can be adjusted by changing the cross-sectional area of ​​the damping channel on the piston 2 by replacing the winding frame 21 with different damping holes, the upper end cover 24, the movable pad 25 and the lower end cover 26. Alternatively, the damping force of the shock absorber can be adjusted by changing the cross-sectional area of ​​the annular channel 27 by replacing the winding frame 21 with different outer diameters and the guide sleeve 23 with different inner diameters.

[0047] This invention can not only adjust the rheological properties of the magnetorheological fluid by controlling the strength of the current in the coil 22 on the piston 2 to achieve the damping force generated during the relative extension and retraction of the cylinder 1 and piston rod 3, but also adjust the rheological properties of the magnetorheological fluid by changing the number of turns of the coil 22 and changing the magnetic field strength generated after the coil 22 is energized, thereby adjusting the damping force generated during the relative extension and retraction of the cylinder 1 and piston rod 3. Furthermore, it can adjust the cross-sectional area of ​​the damping channel on the piston 2 by replacing one or more of the following: a winding frame 21 with a different outer diameter, a guide sleeve 23 with a different inner diameter, an upper end cap 24 with a different damping hole, a movable pad 25 with a different damping hole, and a lower end cap 26 with a different damping hole, thereby increasing the adjustment range of the damping force generated during the relative extension and retraction of the cylinder 1 and piston rod 3, and increasing the adjustment range of the vibration damping capacity of the shock absorber. When using this invention as a vehicle shock absorber during driving tests, the shock absorber's damping capacity can be adjusted without replacing multiple magnetorheological shock absorbers, thus saving testing costs. Furthermore, this invention uses threaded connections of the upper end cap 24 and lower end cap 26 at both ends of the guide sleeve 23 to axially engage and clamp the winding frame 21 and movable pad 25 within the guide sleeve 23. The upper end cap 24 and lower end cap 26 can be unscrewed from the guide sleeve 23 to replace the guide sleeve 23 and its internal components such as the winding frame 21, coil 22, and movable pad 25, facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the piston 2 and improving the efficiency of piston 2 assembly and disassembly.

[0048] The cylinder 1 is mainly used to guide the reciprocating motion of the piston 2 and piston rod 3, and its inner cavity is used to hold magnetorheological fluid. Preferably, the cylinder 1 is also provided with a floating piston 5 and an adjusting air chamber 13 located below the lower liquid chamber 12. The lower liquid chamber 12 and the adjusting air chamber 13 are isolated by the floating piston 5. The floating piston 5 is axially slidingly engaged with the cylinder 1, and the lower end of the cylinder 1 is provided with an air inlet 6 that communicates with the adjusting air chamber 13. The floating piston 5 includes a piston body 51 and an O-ring seal 52. The outer wall of the piston body 51 is provided with an annular sealing groove coaxial with it. The O-ring seal 52 is disposed in the annular sealing groove, and the floating piston 5 is sealed with the inner wall of the cylinder 1 through the O-ring seal 52. High-pressure gas can be injected into the regulating chamber 13 through the air inlet 6. By changing the amount of gas injected into the regulating chamber 13, the air pressure in the regulating chamber 13 can be changed, thereby adjusting the damping capacity of the entire shock absorber and further expanding the adjustment range of the damping force generated during the extension and retraction of the shock absorber and the damping capacity of the shock absorber. The piston body 51 can be a circular plate structure, a cylindrical structure, or a cylindrical structure with grooves arranged along its axial direction. The air inlet 6 and the O-ring seal 52 are both standard parts available on the market.

[0049] The piston 2 primarily divides the inner cavity of the cylinder 1 into an upper chamber 11 and a lower chamber 12 filled with magnetorheological fluid. During the axial reciprocating motion of the piston within the cylinder 1, the magnetorheological fluid in the upper and lower chambers 11 and 12 generates damping force through the damping channels on the piston 2, achieving the vibration reduction effect of the damper. The winding frame 21 on the piston 2 is mainly used for winding and fixing the coil, and the coil 22 on it is used to generate a magnetic field after energization to adjust the rheological properties of the magnetorheological fluid. The winding frame 21 is generally a cylindrical structure. Preferably, the winding frame 21 is a cylindrical structure with an annular winding groove 213 coaxial with it on its outer side wall, and the coil 22 is disposed in the winding groove 213. This prevents the coil 22 from sliding axially on the winding frame 21, improving the installation stability of the coil 22. One or more winding grooves 213 can be provided. As a further preferred embodiment, at least two winding slots 213 are provided, and the at least two winding slots 213 are evenly distributed along the axial direction of the winding frame 21. Coils 22 may be arranged in some of the winding slots 213, or coils may be arranged in all of the winding slots 213. The winding frame 21 has a plurality of axially penetrating intermediate damping holes 216, which are evenly distributed around the circumference of the winding frame 21.

[0050] Both the inlet and outlet ends of coil 22 are connected to signal wires, which need to extend out of the shock absorber and connect electrically to the vehicle's power supply. Preferably, the piston rod 3 has an axially penetrating wire passage 31. The signal wire on coil 22 is located within the wire passage 31 and extends out of the inner cavity of cylinder 1 from the end of piston rod 3 away from piston 2. This prevents the signal wire on coil 22 from bending inside cylinder 1 or becoming entangled with piston rod 3 during piston 2 movement, ensuring the reliability of the signal wire connection on coil 22.

[0051] The guide sleeve 23 guides the movement of the piston 2. Its outer wall slides axially with the inner wall of the cylinder 1 to ensure the piston 2 and guide rod 3 reciprocate linearly along the cylinder axial direction. The guide sleeve 23 can be a straight cylindrical structure or a stepped sleeve structure. Specifically, the guide sleeve 23 includes a guide section 231 and a transition section 232 coaxially arranged at both ends of the guide section 231. The outer wall of the guide section 231 slides axially with the inner wall of the cylinder 1. The outer wall of the transition section 232 is a sloped surface that slopes outward from the end away from the guide section 231 to the end closer to the guide section 231. There is a gap between the sloped surface and the cylinder 1. The guide wire section 231 guides the axial reciprocating movement of the guide sleeve 23 in the cylinder 1. There is a wedge-shaped gap between the transition section 232 and the cylinder 1 to facilitate the assembly of the piston 2 with the guide sleeve 23 into the cylinder 2. The inner diameters of the guide section 231 and the transition section 232 can be the same or different.

[0052] Preferably, the internal thread at the upper end of the guide sleeve 23 is opposite in direction to the internal thread at the lower end of the guide sleeve 23. This prevents the guide sleeve 23 from rotating relative to the lower end cover 26 when the upper end cover 24 is rotated, while preventing the upper end cover 24 from rotating relative to the guide sleeve 23. Similarly, it also prevents the guide sleeve 23 from rotating relative to the upper end cover 24 when the lower end cover 26 is rotated, while preventing the lower end cover 26 from rotating relative to the guide sleeve 23. This facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the upper end cover 24 and the lower end cover 26.

[0053] To ensure uniform radial width of the annular channel 27 on piston 2 and uniform damping force on piston 2 in the circumferential direction, the inner cavities of the winding frame 21 and the guide sleeve 23 must be coaxially arranged. Preferably, the lower end of the upper cover 24 is coaxially provided with a downwardly protruding upper positioning part 241, and the upper end of the movable pad 25 is coaxially provided with an upwardly protruding lower positioning part 251; the outer side wall of the movable pad 25 fits against the outer side wall of the guide sleeve 23; the upper end of the winding frame 21 is coaxially provided with a downwardly concave upper positioning groove 211, and the lower end of the winding frame 21 is coaxially provided with an upwardly concave lower positioning groove 212; the upper positioning part 241 is located within the upper positioning groove 211 and the two are adapted in shape and size, and the lower positioning part 251 is located within the lower positioning groove 212 and the two are adapted in shape and size. The matching size of the upper positioning part 241 and the upper positioning groove 211 means that the cross-section of the upper positioning part 241 and the outer contour of the cross-section of the upper positioning groove 211 have the same shape and size. Similarly, the cross-section of the lower positioning part 251 and the lower positioning groove 212 also have the same shape and size. The outer wall of the upper positioning part 241 is completely fitted with the side wall of the upper positioning groove 211, making the upper end cover 24 and the winding frame 21 coaxial. The outer wall of the lower positioning part 251 is completely fitted with the side wall of the lower positioning groove 212, making the lower end cover 26 and the winding frame 21 coaxial. This ensures that the winding frame 21 and the inner cavity of the guide sleeve 23 are coaxial and that the radial width of the annular channel 27 between them is uniform.

[0054] The cross-sections of the upper positioning part 241 and the lower positioning part 251 can be any shape, such as circular or square. Specifically, the upper positioning part 241 and the lower positioning part 251 are cylindrical structures or annular plate structures, and the upper positioning groove 211 and the lower positioning groove 212 are blind holes with circular cross-sections. The upper positioning part 241 and the lower positioning part 251 can also be multiple protrusion structures evenly distributed along the circumference of the winding frame 21.

[0055] The upper end cover 24 and the piston rod 3 can be fixedly connected by bolts, pins, or welding. Preferably, the upper end cover 24 has a countersunk hole 242 that is axially through it, and the tapered hole of the countersunk hole 242 is located below the straight hole of the countersunk hole 242; the upper part of the wall of the tapered hole has an annular outer groove 243 that is coaxial with it; the piston rod 3 has a wire passage 31 that is coaxial with it and axially through it, and the outer side wall of the lower part of the piston rod 3 has an annular inner groove 32 that is coaxial with it, and an elastic retaining ring 33 is coaxially engaged in the inner groove 32; the lower part of the piston rod 3 is located in the countersunk hole 242, and the outer side of the elastic retaining ring 33 in the inner groove 32 is engaged in the outer groove 243; the piston rod 3 and the straight hole of the countersunk hole 242 are clearance-fitted. The elastic retaining ring 33 is simultaneously engaged in the inner retaining groove 32 and the outer retaining groove 243. The inner retaining groove 32 and the outer retaining groove 243 cooperate to compress the elastic retaining ring 33. The compressed elastic retaining ring 33 presses inward against the groove wall of the inner retaining groove 32 and outward against the groove wall of the outer retaining groove 243, thereby positioning and connecting the piston rod 3 and the upper end cover 24 in the radial and axial directions. The straight hole on the countersunk hole 242 is used to radially position the piston rod 3, preventing the piston rod 3 from swinging relative to the upper end cover 24, and improving the connection stability between the piston rod 3 and the upper end cover 24. At this time, the upper positioning part 241 is an annular retaining ring structure set outside the tapered hole. The annular retaining ring has multiple radially penetrating through grooves, which are used to connect the damping hole on the winding frame 211 with the damping hole on the upper end cover 24.

[0056] To further ensure the axial connection stability between piston rod 3 and piston 2, as a further preferred embodiment, piston rod 3 includes piston rod body 30 and a lower positioning post 34 coaxially disposed below piston rod body 30, with piston rod body 30 and lower positioning post 34 arranged adjacent to each other vertically; the inner groove 32 and the elastic retaining ring 33 are both disposed on piston rod body 30; an annular sealing groove 341 coaxially disposed on the outer side wall of lower positioning post 34, with an annular sealing ring 35 coaxially engaged within the annular sealing groove 341; a stepped through hole coaxially disposed at the bottom of upper positioning groove 211 of winding frame 21, with the large hole 214 of the stepped through hole located above the small hole 215 of the stepped through hole and the two arranged coaxially; The lower positioning pin 34 is inserted into the large hole 214 of the stepped through hole with a clearance fit. The lower positioning pin 34 is sealed to the side wall of the large hole 214 of the stepped through hole by the annular sealing ring 35 on it. The lower end of the lower positioning pin 34 abuts against the stepped surface inside the stepped through hole. The signal line of the coil 22 passes through the small hole 215 of the stepped through hole from bottom to top and enters the wire passage 31. The small hole 215 of the stepped through hole is filled with sealant. Both the movable pad 25 and the lower end cover 26 have a central hole. The diameter of the central hole is greater than or equal to the diameter of the small hole 215 of the stepped through hole on the winding frame 21. The central hole on the movable pad 25 is connected to the damping hole on the winding frame 21. The lower positioning pin 34 cooperates with the large hole 214 of the stepped through hole on the winding frame 21 to connect the piston 2 and the piston rod 32 coaxially, while also further limiting the lower positioning pin 34 in its axial direction, improving the connection stability of the piston 2 and the piston rod 32. In addition, this structure cleverly allows the signal wire on the coil 22 to pass through the small hole 215 of the stepped through-hole into the wire passage 31 of the piston rod 3 and then out from the upper end of the piston rod 3. The small hole 215 of the stepped through-hole is sealed with sealant, and the gap between the lower positioning post 34 and the side wall of the large hole 214 of the stepped through-hole on the winding frame 21 is sealed with an annular sealing ring 35, preventing the magnetorheological fluid from entering the wire passage 31 through both ends of the stepped through-hole on the winding frame 21 and then flowing out. A central hole is provided on the movable pad 25 and the lower end cover 26 to facilitate the filling of sealant into the small hole 215 of the stepped through-hole on the winding frame 21.

[0057] The damping holes on the upper end cover 24, the movable pad 25, and the lower end cover 26 can be any through-hole structure such as round holes, square holes, or strip holes. These damping holes can be provided singly or in multiples. Preferably, the upper end cover 24 has upper damping holes 244, and multiple upper damping holes 244 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the upper end cover 24; the lower end cover 26 has multiple lower damping holes 261, and multiple lower damping holes 261 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the lower end cover 26. By providing multiple upper damping holes 244 and multiple lower damping holes 261, the magnetorheological fluid can evenly enter and exit the damping channels on the piston 2 around its circumference, ensuring that the damping force on the piston 2 is evenly distributed in its circumferential direction, avoiding any tendency for the piston 2 to deflect, improving the stability of the piston 2's axial movement within the cylinder 1, and ensuring the reliability of the vibration damper.

[0058] The upper damping hole 244 and the lower damping hole 261 can be circular holes, strip holes, or arc-shaped holes. Preferably, both the upper damping hole 244 and the lower damping hole 261 are arc-shaped holes, with the center of the upper damping hole 244 and the center of the lower damping hole 261 located on the center line of the piston 2, further ensuring the stability of the piston 2's axial movement within the cylinder 1.

[0059] The sealing assembly 4 on the guide sleeve 23 can adopt any structure of the existing guide sealing assembly on the hydraulic cylinder. Specifically, the guide sealing assembly 4 includes a threaded end cap 41 and a guide seat 42 fixedly disposed in the cylinder body 1; the threaded end cap 41 is sleeved on the outside of the cylinder body 1 and the two are threadedly connected, the threaded end cap 41 is provided with an axially penetrating central limiting hole, the piston rod 3 is located in the central limiting hole and the two are clearance-fitted; the outer wall of the guide seat 42 is sealed to the inner wall of the cylinder body 1 through a sealing ring; an oil seal 43 is fixedly disposed on the inner side of the guide seat 42, the guide seat 42 and the oil seal 43 are both sleeved on the outside of the piston rod 3, the guide seat 42 is axially slidingly fitted with the piston rod 3, the oil seal 43 is axially slidingly fitted with the piston rod 3 and the inner wall of the oil seal 43 is sealed to the outer wall of the piston rod 3.

[0060] A tool for assembling and disassembling the piston of the aforementioned adjustable magnetorheological damper includes an upper wrench 7 and a lower wrench 8 that cooperate with each other. The upper wrench 7 includes a handle 71, one end of which has an adapter hole 711, and the other end of which has a U-shaped groove 72 and two upper locking blocks 73. The depth direction of the adapter hole 711 is perpendicular to the length direction of the handle 71. The depth direction of the U-shaped groove 72 is arranged along the length direction of the handle 71, and the axis of the U-shaped groove 72 is arranged along the depth direction of the adapter hole 711. The bottom surface of the U-shaped groove 72 has a circular arc structure in cross-section. The upper locking blocks 73 protrude from the handle 71 along the depth direction of the adapter hole 711. The projection of the lower lever 8 onto the plane perpendicular to the axis of the U-shaped groove 72 is an arc-shaped structure adapted to the shape and size of the upper damping hole 244; the two upper locking blocks 73 are located on the same side of the axis of the U-shaped groove 72 and are evenly distributed around the axis of the bottom surface of the U-shaped groove 72; the lower lever 8 includes a main board 81, one side of which is provided with a clamping post 83 with a regular hexagonal cross-section, and the other side of which is provided with two lower locking blocks 82. The projection of the lower locking blocks 82 onto the main board 81 is an arc-shaped structure adapted to the shape and size of the lower damping hole 261. The lower locking blocks 82 are coaxially arranged with the clamping post 83, and the two lower locking blocks 82 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the clamping post 83. The central angle corresponding to the arc structure is 180°, generally below 180°.

[0061] The upper wrench 7 and lower wrench 8 are used together to disassemble or assemble piston 2, requiring the upper and lower internal threads of the guide sleeve 23 on piston 2 to be arranged in opposite directions. The U-shaped groove 72 on the upper wrench 7 is mainly used to avoid the piston rod 3, and its two upper locking blocks 73 are mainly used to engage in the upper damping hole 244 of the upper end cover 24 of piston 2, allowing the upper wrench 7 to drive the upper end cover 24 to rotate synchronously around its center line. The adapter hole 711 is used to engage with the wrench head of the torque wrench. The adapter hole 711 and the wrench head of the torque wrench have the same cross-sectional shape and matching dimensions. When the wrench head of the torque wrench is inserted into the adapter hole 711, the side wall of the wrench head abuts against the side wall of the adapter hole 711, and the torque wrench and the side wall of the adapter hole cannot rotate relative to each other. The cross-sectional shape of the adapter hole 711 and the wrench head of the torque wrench is generally a square hole. The lower locking block 82 on the lower wrench 8 is mainly used to engage with the lower damping hole 261 of the lower end cover 26 of the piston 2, so that the lower wrench 8 drives the lower end cover 26 to rotate synchronously around the center line of the lower end cover 26. The main board 81 is used to connect the two lower locking blocks 82. The clamping post 83 on the main board 81 is used to engage with the hex wrench, open-end wrench or clamp. By turning the hex wrench, open-end wrench or clamp, the entire lower wrench 8 can drive the lower end cover 26 to rotate around its center line.

[0062] When disassembling or assembling the upper end cover 24 and lower end cover 26 of piston 2, the U-shaped groove 72 on the upper wrench 7 is fitted onto the outside of piston rod 3, and the two upper locking blocks 73 are respectively inserted into the upper damping holes 244 of the upper end cover 24 of piston 2; the two lower locking blocks 82 on the lower wrench 8 are respectively inserted into the lower damping holes 261 of the lower end cover 26 of piston 2. Subsequently, the wrench head of the torque wrench is inserted into the adapter hole 711, and the external hexagonal wrench is fitted onto the outside of the clamping post 83 that holds the lower wrench 8. Finally, by simultaneously and in the same direction turning the torque wrench inside the adapter hole 711 and the external hex wrench sleeved on the outside of the clamping post 83 around the piston 2, the upper end cover 24 and the lower end cover 26 can be screwed into or out of the guide sleeve 2 at the same time, thereby realizing the disassembly and assembly of the upper end cover 24 and the lower end cover 26 at the same time, thus completing the disassembly and assembly of the piston 2, saving the efficiency of disassembly and assembly of the piston 2, and saving manpower.

[0063] The embodiments described herein are preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0064] In the description of this utility model, the terms "upper," "lower," "top," "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the figure. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms used to describe the positional relationship in the figure are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting this utility model. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above-mentioned terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

Claims

1. An adjustable magnetorheological damper, comprising a cylinder (1), a piston (2), a piston rod (3), and a guide sealing assembly (4); the cylinder (1) is a cylindrical structure with an open upper end and a closed lower end, and the guide sealing assembly (4) is disposed at the upper end of the cylinder (1) to seal the inner cavity of the cylinder (1); the piston (2) is located inside the cylinder (1) and divides the inner cavity of the cylinder (1) into an upper liquid cavity (11) and a lower liquid cavity (12), both of which are filled with magnetorheological fluid; the upper end of the piston rod (3) extends upward through the guide sealing assembly (4) and out of the cylinder (1); the piston (2) includes a winding frame (21) and a coil (22) wound on the winding frame (21), characterized in that: The piston (2) further includes a guide sleeve (23) that slides axially with the inner wall of the cylinder (1). The guide sleeve (23) is provided with an upper end cover (24), a movable pad (25), and a lower end cover (26) arranged sequentially from top to bottom. The outer walls of the upper end cover (24) and the lower end cover (26) are threadedly connected to the inner wall of the guide sleeve (23). The winding frame (21) is located between the upper end cover (24) and the movable pad (25) and abuts against them axially. The lower end of the movable pad (25) abuts against the lower end cover (26). There is an annular channel (27) between the winding frame (21) and the guide sleeve (23). The lower end of the piston rod (3) is fixedly connected to the upper end cover (24). A buffer pad (28) is provided on the side of the upper end cover (24) away from the lower end cover (26). The upper end cover (24), the winding frame (21), the movable pad (25), and the lower end cover (26) are all provided with axially penetrating damping holes. The upper port of the damping hole on the winding frame (21) and the upper port of the annular channel (27) are respectively connected to the damping hole on the upper end cover (24). The lower port of the damping hole on the winding frame (21) and the lower port of the annular channel (27) are respectively connected to the damping hole on the movable pad (25). The damping hole on the movable pad (25) is connected to the damping hole on the lower end cover (26). The damping hole on the lower end cover (26) is connected to the lower liquid chamber (12). The damping hole on the upper end cover (24) is connected to the upper liquid chamber (11).

2. The adjustable magnetorheological vibration damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder (1) is also provided with a floating piston (5) and an adjusting air chamber (13) located below the lower liquid chamber (12). The lower liquid chamber (12) and the adjusting air chamber (13) are isolated by the floating piston (5). The floating piston (5) is axially slidingly engaged with the cylinder (1). The lower end of the cylinder (1) is provided with an air inlet (6) that communicates with the adjusting air chamber (13). The floating piston (5) includes a piston body (51) and an O-ring (52). The outer wall of the piston body (51) is provided with an annular sealing groove coaxial with it. The O-ring (52) is disposed in the annular sealing groove. The floating piston (5) is sealed with the inner wall of the cylinder (1) through the O-ring (52).

3. The adjustable magnetorheological vibration damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide sleeve (23) includes a guide section (231) and a transition section (232) coaxially arranged at both ends of the guide section (231). The outer side wall of the guide section (231) is axially slidingly engaged with the inner side wall of the cylinder (1). The outer side wall of the transition section (232) is a sloped surface that is inclined outward from one end away from the guide section (231) to one end close to the guide section (231). There is a gap between the sloped surface and the cylinder (1).

4. The adjustable magnetorheological vibration damper according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper end cap (24) has a downwardly protruding upper positioning part (241) coaxially arranged at the lower end, and the movable pad (25) has an upwardly protruding lower positioning part (251) coaxially arranged at the upper end; the outer side wall of the movable pad (25) is in contact with the outer side wall of the guide sleeve (23); The upper end of the winding frame (21) is coaxially provided with a recessed upper positioning groove (211), and the lower end of the winding frame (21) is coaxially provided with an upper positioning groove (212); the upper positioning part (241) is located in the upper positioning groove (211) and the two are adapted in shape and size, and the lower positioning part (251) is located in the lower positioning groove (212) and the two are adapted in shape and size.

5. The adjustable magnetorheological vibration damper according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper end cover (24) is coaxially provided with an axially penetrating countersunk hole (242), and the conical hole of the countersunk hole (242) is located below the straight hole of the countersunk hole (242); the upper part of the hole wall of the conical hole is provided with an annular external groove (243) coaxial with it. The piston rod (3) has a wire passage (31) that is coaxial with and axially connected to it. The outer side wall of the lower part of the piston rod (3) has an annular inner groove (32) that is coaxial with it. An elastic retaining ring (33) is coaxially engaged in the inner groove (32). The lower part of the piston rod (3) is located in the countersunk hole (242), and the outer side of the elastic retaining ring (33) in the inner groove (32) is engaged in the outer groove (243); the piston rod (3) is clearance-fitted with the straight hole of the countersunk hole (242).

6. The adjustable magnetorheological vibration damper according to claim 5, characterized in that: The piston rod (3) includes a piston rod body (30) and a lower positioning post (34) coaxially disposed below the piston rod body (30). The piston rod body (30) and the lower positioning post (34) are arranged adjacent to each other vertically. The inner groove (32) and the elastic retaining ring (33) are both disposed on the piston rod body (30). The outer side wall of the lower positioning post (34) is provided with an annular sealing groove (341) coaxial with it. An annular sealing ring (35) is coaxially engaged in the annular sealing groove (341). The upper positioning groove (211) of the winding frame (21) is coaxially provided with a stepped through hole at the bottom of the groove. The large hole (214) of the stepped through hole is located above the small hole (215) of the stepped through hole and the two are arranged coaxially. The lower positioning post (34) is inserted into the large hole (214) of the stepped through hole with a clearance fit. The lower positioning post (34) is sealed to the side wall of the large hole (214) of the stepped through hole through the annular sealing ring (35) on it. The lower end of the lower positioning post (34) abuts against the stepped surface in the stepped through hole. The signal line of the coil (22) passes through the small hole (215) of the stepped through hole from bottom to top and enters the wire passage (31). The small hole (215) of the stepped through hole is filled with sealant. Both the movable pad (25) and the lower end cover (26) have a central hole, the diameter of which is greater than or equal to the diameter of the small hole (215) of the stepped through hole on the winding frame (21); the central hole on the movable pad (25) is connected to the damping hole on the winding frame (21).

7. The adjustable magnetorheological vibration damper according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The upper end cover (24) is provided with an upper damping hole (244), and the plurality of upper damping holes (244) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the upper end cover (24); the lower end cover (26) is provided with a plurality of lower damping holes (261), and the plurality of lower damping holes (261) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the lower end cover (26).

8. The adjustable magnetorheological vibration damper according to claim 7, characterized in that: Both the upper damping hole (244) and the lower damping hole (261) are arc-shaped hole structures. The center of the upper damping hole (244) and the center of the lower damping hole (261) are located on the center line of the piston (2).

9. The adjustable magnetorheological vibration damper according to claim 8, characterized in that: The internal thread at the upper end of the guide sleeve (23) has the opposite thread direction to the internal thread at the lower end of the guide sleeve (23).

10. A tool for assembling and disassembling the piston of the adjustable magnetorheological damper as described in claim 9, characterized in that: This includes an upper wrench (7) and a lower wrench (8) used in conjunction with each other; The upper wrench (7) includes a handle (71), one end of which is provided with an adapter hole (711), and the other end of which is provided with a U-shaped groove (72) and two upper locking blocks (73); the depth direction of the adapter hole (711) is perpendicular to the length direction of the handle (71); the depth direction of the U-shaped groove (72) is arranged along the length direction of the handle (71), and the axis of the U-shaped groove (72) is arranged along the depth direction of the adapter hole (711); The cross-section of the bottom surface of the U-shaped groove (72) is an arc structure; the upper locking block (73) protrudes from the handle (71) along the depth direction of the adapter hole (711), and the projection of the upper locking block (73) on the plane perpendicular to the axis of the U-shaped groove (72) is an arc structure that matches the shape and size of the upper damping hole (244); the two upper locking blocks (73) are located on the same side of the axis of the U-shaped groove (72) and are evenly distributed around the axis of the bottom surface of the U-shaped groove (72); The lower wrench (8) includes a main board (81). A clamping post (83) with a regular hexagonal cross-section is vertically provided on one side of the main board (81). Two lower locking blocks (82) are provided on the other side of the main board (81). The projection of the lower locking block (82) on the main board (81) is an arc-shaped structure that matches the shape and size of the lower damping hole (261). The lower locking block (82) is coaxially arranged with the clamping post (83) and the two lower locking blocks (82) are evenly distributed around the circumference of the clamping post (83).

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