Voltage monitoring system for monitoring power supply voltage in real time

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model relates to a voltage monitoring system for monitoring power supply voltage in real time, which is characterized in that a voltage comparator is built by utilizing the infinite amplification gain characteristic of an operational amplifier, and the output end of the operational amplifier is connected to a GPIO (General Purpose Input / Output) pin of a singlechip; the single-chip microcomputer judges whether the current state is insufficient in power supply voltage or not by reading the state of the GPIO pin so as to carry out corresponding logic judgment and execution. According to the application, once the power supply voltage is monitored to be lower than the set minimum voltage threshold value, the single-chip microcomputer saves data in time and prompts the upper computer of corresponding alarm information. The operation stability of the circuit board can be improved, and the situation that main data are not stored in time due to unstable power supply voltage is avoided; all the used components are common components, so that the price is low and the cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of industrial circuit board technology, and in particular to a voltage monitoring system for real-time monitoring of power supply voltage. Background Technology

[0002] In embedded industrial applications, the power supply to the circuit board is subject to various interferences, which can cause the voltage from the power supply to the circuit board to become unstable. Unstable power supply voltage can cause abnormal circuit board functions, and some critical data may not be saved in time, resulting in adverse effects and unpredictable harm. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a voltage monitoring system for real-time monitoring of power supply voltage, which solves the problem in the prior art that unstable power supply voltage to the circuit board can easily cause abnormal circuit board function and data cannot be saved in a timely manner.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides a voltage monitoring system for real-time monitoring of supply voltage. The voltage monitoring system comprises an external power supply unit, a power supply circuit, a voltage monitoring circuit, and a microcontroller, specifically including:

[0005] The external power supply unit is connected to the power supply circuit and the voltage monitoring circuit respectively, and is used to supply power to the power supply circuit and the voltage monitoring circuit.

[0006] The power supply circuit is connected in sequence to the voltage monitoring circuit and the microcontroller. The output of the operational amplifier of the voltage monitoring circuit is connected to the GPIO pin of the microcontroller. The voltage monitoring circuit is used to monitor the current voltage in real time and output the current voltage data to the GPIO pin of the microcontroller. The microcontroller is used to read the GPIO pin status and determine whether the current voltage is lower than a preset threshold.

[0007] Furthermore, the 5V voltage network inside the circuit board is connected to resistor R2. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier, resistor R1, and voltage regulator capacitor C1, respectively. The other ends of resistor R1 and voltage regulator capacitor C1 are connected together to the GND network.

[0008] Furthermore, the output terminal of the power supply circuit is connected to the voltage divider resistor R3, the other end of the voltage divider resistor R3 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is also connected to one end of the resistor R4, the other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the GND network.

[0009] Furthermore, pin 5 of the operational amplifier is connected to a 5V network to provide a +VS voltage when the voltage at the non-inverting input terminal is greater than the voltage at the inverting input terminal, so that the output terminal of the operational amplifier outputs a +VS voltage.

[0010] Furthermore, pin 2 of the operational amplifier is connected to the GND network to provide a -VS voltage when the voltage at the non-inverting input terminal is less than the voltage at the inverting input terminal, so that the output terminal of the operational amplifier outputs a -VS voltage.

[0011] Furthermore, pin 4 of the operational amplifier is connected to the MCU-PIN network to output +VS voltage or -VS voltage.

[0012] Furthermore, resistors R1-R4 are fixed chip resistors, and voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 is a multilayer ceramic chip capacitor.

[0013] Furthermore, the operational amplifier is a low-power single-channel operational amplifier.

[0014] As can be seen from the above, the technical solution provided in this application utilizes the infinite amplification gain characteristic of an operational amplifier to construct a voltage comparator. The output of the operational amplifier is connected to the GPIO pin of the microcontroller. The microcontroller reads the state of this GPIO pin to determine whether the current power supply voltage is insufficient, thereby performing corresponding logical judgments and executions. In this application, once the power supply voltage is detected to be lower than the set minimum voltage threshold, the microcontroller will promptly save the data and prompt the host computer with corresponding alarm information. This application can improve the stability of the circuit board operation, preventing the failure to save key data in a timely manner due to unstable power supply voltage; the components used are all common components, inexpensive and low-cost. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a voltage monitoring system for real-time monitoring of power supply voltage according to an embodiment of this application;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a circuit connection diagram of a voltage monitoring circuit in a voltage monitoring system for real-time monitoring of supply voltage according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0017] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] Electronic components are the building blocks of electronic parts and small machines and instruments. They are often composed of several parts and can be used interchangeably in similar products. They commonly refer to certain parts in the electrical, radio, and instrument industries, and are a general term for electronic devices such as capacitors, transistors, hairsprings, and mainsprings. Common examples include diodes.

[0019] An electrical circuit is a conductive loop composed of metal wires and electrical and electronic components.

[0020] A microcontroller (MCU) is a microcontroller unit, also known as a single-chip microcomputer. It is a chip-level computer that integrates a central processing unit (CPU) with a reduced frequency and specifications, and peripheral interfaces such as memory, timer, USB, A / D converter, UART, PLC, DMA, and even LCD driver circuitry onto a single chip. This allows for different combinations of control for different applications.

[0021] An operational amplifier (op-amp) is a circuit unit with a very high amplification factor. In practical circuits, it is usually combined with a feedback network to form a functional module. It is an amplifier with special coupling circuitry and feedback. Its output signal can be the result of mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, differentiation, or integration of the input signal. It was named "operational amplifier" because it was initially used in analog computers to perform mathematical operations.

[0022] In embedded industrial applications, the power supply to the circuit board is subject to various interferences, resulting in unstable voltage between the power supply and the circuit board. Unstable power supply voltage can cause malfunctions on the circuit board and prevent the timely saving of critical data, leading to adverse effects. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate power supply voltage monitoring into the circuit board. Once the power supply voltage is detected to be lower than the set minimum voltage threshold, the microcontroller will promptly save the data and prompt the host computer with the corresponding alarm information.

[0023] This utility model provides a voltage monitoring system for real-time monitoring of supply voltage. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 The voltage monitoring system consists of an external power supply unit, a power supply circuit, a voltage monitoring circuit, and a microcontroller, specifically including:

[0024] The external power supply unit is connected to the power supply circuit and the voltage monitoring circuit respectively, and is used to supply power to the power supply circuit and the voltage monitoring circuit.

[0025] The power supply circuit is connected in sequence to the voltage monitoring circuit and the microcontroller. The output of the operational amplifier of the voltage monitoring circuit is connected to the GPIO pin of the microcontroller. The voltage monitoring circuit is used to monitor the current voltage in real time and output the current voltage data to the GPIO pin of the microcontroller. The microcontroller is used to read the GPIO pin status and determine whether the current voltage is lower than a preset threshold.

[0026] Taking the LMV321 operational amplifier as an example, please refer to... Figure 2 Pin 1 of operational amplifier U1 is connected to one end of surface mount resistor R3 and one end of surface mount resistor R4. Pin 2 is connected to the GND network. Pin 3 is connected to one end of surface mount resistor R2, one end of surface mount resistor R1, and one end of surface mount capacitor C1. Pin 4 is connected to the MCU-PIN network. Pin 5 is connected to the 5V network. One end of surface mount capacitor C1 is connected to the GND network. One end of surface mount resistor R1 is connected to the GND network. One end of surface mount resistor R2 is connected to the 5V network. One end of surface mount resistor R3 is connected to the VIN network. One end of surface mount resistor R4 is connected to the GND network.

[0027] Further, refer to Figure 2 The 5V voltage network inside the circuit board is connected to resistor R2. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier, resistor R1, and voltage regulator capacitor C1, respectively. The other ends of resistor R1 and voltage regulator capacitor C1 are connected together to the GND network.

[0028] Further, refer to Figure 2 The output terminal of the power supply circuit is connected to the voltage divider resistor R3. The other end of the voltage divider resistor R3 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier. At the same time, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is also connected to one end of the resistor R4. The other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the GND network.

[0029] Further, refer to Figure 2 The operational amplifier's pin 5 is connected to a 5V network to provide a +VS voltage when the voltage at the non-inverting input is greater than the voltage at the inverting input, thus causing the operational amplifier's output to output a +VS voltage. The operational amplifier's pin 2 is connected to a GND network to provide a -VS voltage when the voltage at the non-inverting input is less than the voltage at the inverting input, thus causing the operational amplifier's output to output a -VS voltage. The operational amplifier's pin 4 is connected to an MCU-PIN network to output either a +VS voltage or a -VS voltage.

[0030] In this application, a voltage comparator is constructed using the infinite amplification gain characteristic of an operational amplifier: Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2The supply voltage (VIN) is divided by resistors to obtain a voltage that allows the operational amplifier to operate normally, and then connected to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier. The stable 5V voltage inside the circuit board is divided by resistors and connected to a capacitor for voltage regulation, and then connected to the inverting input of the operational amplifier.

[0031] When the voltage at the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is greater than the voltage at the inverting input terminal, the output terminal outputs the +VS voltage (the voltage connected to pin 5 of the component); when the voltage at the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is less than the voltage at the inverting input terminal, the output terminal outputs the -VS voltage (the voltage connected to pin 2 of the component).

[0032] Furthermore, resistors R1-R4 are fixed chip resistors, and voltage stabilizing capacitor C1 is a multilayer ceramic chip capacitor.

[0033] Furthermore, the operational amplifier is a low-power single-channel operational amplifier.

[0034] This application has the following advantages:

[0035] The voltage monitoring system proposed in this application can monitor whether the power supply voltage is lower than the set minimum voltage threshold in real time using only a small number of electronic components, which improves the stability of the circuit board operation and avoids data saving failure caused by unstable power supply voltage. The electronic components used in this application are very common devices, which greatly increases functionality at a very low cost.

[0036] The foregoing description of various embodiments of this application is provided to those skilled in the art for illustrative purposes. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to a single disclosed embodiment. As mentioned above, various alternatives and variations of this application will be apparent to those skilled in the art to which the foregoing pertains. Therefore, while some alternative embodiments have been specifically discussed, other embodiments will be obvious or readily apparent to those skilled in the art. This application is intended to include all alternatives, modifications, and variations of the invention already discussed herein, as well as other embodiments falling within the spirit and scope of the foregoing application.

Claims

1. A voltage monitoring system for real-time monitoring of supply voltage, characterized in that, The voltage monitoring system consists of an external power supply unit, a power supply circuit, a voltage monitoring circuit, and a microcontroller, specifically including: The external power supply unit is connected to the power supply circuit and the voltage monitoring circuit respectively, and is used to supply power to the power supply circuit and the voltage monitoring circuit. The power supply circuit is connected in sequence to the voltage monitoring circuit and the microcontroller. The output of the operational amplifier of the voltage monitoring circuit is connected to the GPIO pin of the microcontroller. The voltage monitoring circuit is used to monitor the current voltage in real time and output the current voltage data to the GPIO pin of the microcontroller. The microcontroller is used to read the GPIO pin status and determine whether the current voltage is lower than a preset threshold.

2. The voltage monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The 5V voltage network inside the circuit board is connected to resistor R2. The other end of resistor R2 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier, resistor R1, and voltage regulator capacitor C1. The other ends of resistor R1 and voltage regulator capacitor C1 are connected together to the GND network.

3. The voltage monitoring system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The output terminal of the power supply circuit is connected to the voltage divider resistor R3. The other end of the voltage divider resistor R3 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier. At the same time, the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier is also connected to one end of the resistor R4. The other end of the resistor R4 is connected to the GND network.

4. The voltage monitoring system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Pin 5 of the operational amplifier is connected to a 5V network to provide a +VS voltage when the voltage at the non-inverting input is greater than the voltage at the inverting input, so that the output of the operational amplifier outputs a +VS voltage.

5. The voltage monitoring system according to claim 4, characterized in that, Pin 2 of the operational amplifier is connected to the GND network to provide a -VS voltage when the voltage at the non-inverting input is less than the voltage at the inverting input, so that the output of the operational amplifier outputs a -VS voltage.

6. The voltage monitoring system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The operational amplifier's pin 4 is connected to the MCU-PIN network to output +VS or -VS voltage.

7. The voltage monitoring system according to claim 6, characterized in that, Resistors R1-R4 are fixed chip resistors, and voltage regulator capacitor C1 is a multilayer ceramic chip capacitor.

8. The voltage monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operational amplifier is a low-power single-channel operational amplifier.

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