Optical storage integrated intelligent control system based on dynamic voltage matching

Abstract

The utility model discloses a light storage integrated intelligent control system based on dynamic voltage matching, which relates to the technical field of energy storage systems, and comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels, the photovoltaic panels are connected with contactors through DC-DC voltage reduction modules, the contactors are connected through diodes, the contactors are connected with a battery pack and a voltage acquisition module, and the battery pack and the voltage acquisition module are connected with a power supply. The voltage acquisition modules are connected in parallel and are connected with the control system, and the control system is connected with the illuminance acquisition module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of energy storage system technology, specifically to an integrated photovoltaic and energy storage intelligent control system based on dynamic voltage matching. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of renewable energy technologies, photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems are being used more and more widely. However, traditional PV energy storage systems suffer from problems such as low energy utilization, short battery life, and poor scalability. For example, energy loss occurs due to the mismatch between the PV panel output voltage and battery charging requirements, and the lack of intelligent charge and discharge management affects battery life. In addition, existing systems lack flexibility in the face of different load demands, making it difficult to meet the needs of diverse application scenarios.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an energy storage and discharge control system that can achieve efficient energy management, extend battery life, and has flexible scalability and economy. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this utility model is to provide an integrated photovoltaic and energy storage intelligent control system based on dynamic voltage matching. Through dynamic voltage matching and intelligent control, it achieves efficient utilization of photovoltaic energy, optimization of battery life, and flexible system expansion. It is suitable for off-grid and microgrid scenarios and combines economy and reliability.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model is implemented through the following technical solution: a photovoltaic-storage integrated intelligent control system based on dynamic voltage matching, comprising multiple photovoltaic panels, the photovoltaic panels being connected to contactors via DC-DC step-down modules, the contactors being connected to each other via diodes, the contactors being connected to the battery pack and voltage acquisition modules, the voltage acquisition modules being connected in parallel and connected to the control system, and the control system being connected to the illuminance acquisition module.

[0006] Preferably, multiple photovoltaic panels are provided.

[0007] Preferably, the control system uses a PLC or a microcontroller.

[0008] Preferably, the voltage acquisition module monitors the battery status in real time, with a 0-5V analog input and an acquisition range of 0-55V.

[0009] Preferably, the battery pack uses three 12V batteries connected in series to form a nominal voltage of 36V, with each battery pack connected in parallel.

[0010] Preferably, the photovoltaic panel is also connected to multiple MPPT controllers.

[0011] Preferably, the battery pack uses an aviation connector and has a built-in RFID tag for the system to automatically identify its capacity and health status.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0013] 1. High-efficiency energy management and utilization

[0014] Dynamic voltage matching charging: The photovoltaic panel outputs 40V, while the charging voltage requirement for a 12V battery pack (3 cells in series with a nominal voltage of 36V) is approximately 43.2V (assuming a single 12V battery cell charges at 14.4V). Through voltage acquisition and PLC / microcontroller control, the system can achieve MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) optimization, ensuring efficient matching between the photovoltaic panel output and the battery charging requirements, thus reducing energy loss.

[0015] Segmented charge and discharge control: Parallel units (36V) are used during charging, and series units are switched during discharging (e.g., 3 units in series equals 108V), which increases the discharge voltage to reduce line current and reduce transmission loss (P = I^2R), making it especially suitable for long-distance or high-power loads.

[0016] 2. Battery life and safety optimization

[0017] Intelligent charging protection: The voltage acquisition module monitors the battery status in real time to prevent overcharging (automatically switching to discharge mode after full charge), avoiding battery damage due to overvoltage or overheating and extending the life of lead-acid / lithium batteries. Combining voltage and current parameters to determine battery status (such as SOC estimation) improves control accuracy. For high-current series discharge, enhanced battery heat dissipation design is necessary to avoid the impact of temperature rise.

[0018] Balanced charge and discharge design: When multiple units are discharged in series, the PLC can rotate the order of battery units to avoid long-term overload of individual batteries and improve the consistency of the overall battery pack.

[0019] 3. Flexible and scalable architecture

[0020] Modular battery pack design: Each unit is 3M+5D7312V / 150Ah. By increasing or decreasing the number of series units (e.g., 2-4 groups), it can flexibly adapt to loads with different voltage requirements (e.g., 24V / 48V / 108V systems), and is compatible with household appliances, off-grid inverters or industrial equipment.

[0021] Scalable photovoltaic capacity: If the number of photovoltaic panels is increased, the system can be expanded by adjusting the control strategy (such as multiple MPPT) without refactoring the energy storage architecture.

[0022] 4. Economy and Reliability

[0023] Low-cost control solution: PLC or microcontroller realizes automated control, replacing the traditional high-cost BMS (Battery Management System) or manual switching, reducing hardware investment.

[0024] Redundancy design potential: When a single unit fails, the system can isolate the faulty unit and reassemble the charging and discharging link to ensure power supply continuity.

[0025] 5. Application scenario adaptability

[0026] Off-grid / microgrid application: Suitable for areas without a stable power grid, it drives high-power equipment (such as water pumps and motors) through high-voltage series discharge, and adapts to photovoltaic output characteristics through low-voltage parallel charging.

[0027] Peak-valley electricity pricing optimization: Store energy during the day and discharge it at night, taking advantage of the price difference to save on electricity costs (if a grid-connected inverter is available). Attached Figure Description

[0028] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments;

[0029] Figure 1 This is a system architecture diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this utility model easier to understand, the present utility model will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0031] Reference Figure 1 The specific implementation adopts the following technical solution: a photovoltaic-storage integrated intelligent control system based on dynamic voltage matching, including multiple photovoltaic panels 1, the photovoltaic panels 1 are connected to contactors 3 through DC-DC step-down modules 2, the contactors 3 are connected to each other through diodes D, the contactors 3 are connected to battery pack 4 and voltage acquisition modules 5, the voltage acquisition modules 5 are connected in parallel and connected to control system 6, and control system 6 is connected to illuminance acquisition module 7.

[0032] Multiple photovoltaic panels 1 are provided.

[0033] The control system 6 described above uses a PLC or a microcontroller.

[0034] The voltage acquisition module 5 monitors the battery status in real time, with a 0-5V analog input and an acquisition range of 0-55V.

[0035] The battery pack 4 uses three 12V batteries connected in series to form a nominal voltage of 36V, and each battery pack 4 is connected in parallel.

[0036] Each battery cell (3×12V / 150Ah) uses an aviation connector (IP67) and supports hot-swappable replacement; the cell has a built-in RFID tag, and the system automatically identifies the capacity and health status.

[0037] Flexible expansion options:

[0038] Voltage expansion: 1-4 units in series, output 36V / 72V / 108V / 144V;

[0039] Capacity expansion: Parallel connection of multiple units (e.g., 3 units in parallel → 16.2kWh), suitable for residential or small commercial scenarios.

[0040] Photovoltaic expansion compatibility

[0041] (1) Multi-channel MPPT input: Supports 4 independent MPPT controllers, each with a maximum power of 1kW;

[0042] (2) Plug and play expansion: New photovoltaic panels only need to be connected to the reserved interface, and the system will automatically identify and allocate MPPT channels.

[0043] This specific implementation integrates an intelligent buck-boost module: employing a bidirectional DC-DC converter (supporting Buck-Boost topology), with an input voltage range of 30-60V, adapting to photovoltaic output under different lighting conditions. It automatically matches the battery charging voltage (43.2V), eliminating 5%-10% of the losses inherent in traditional boost circuits. It supports multi-channel MPPT tracking, with independent optimization for each photovoltaic panel, avoiding the impact of shading on overall efficiency.

[0044] Solid-state switching devices replace relays: SiC MOSFET modules (such as Wolfspeed C3M0075120K) are used to achieve series and parallel switching of battery packs; switching time "<1ms", no risk of arcing, lifespan increased to "more than 1 million cycles"; efficiency ">97%" (compared to 85%-90% of mechanical relays).

[0045] This specific implementation method adopts a hierarchical active balancing design:

[0046] 1. Intra-cell equalization: Each 12V battery has a built-in passive equalization circuit (such as resistor discharge) to balance the differences between individual cells;

[0047] 2. Inter-cell balancing: Dynamically transfers power during the charging phase via bidirectional DC-DC (e.g., high SOC cells replenish power to low SOC cells), ensuring that the SOC difference is <2% during series discharge.

[0048] 3. Multi-parameter monitoring module: integrates voltage, current and temperature sensors to collect data in real time (accuracy: voltage ±0.5%, current ±1%, temperature ±1℃); uses a coulomb meter (such as TI INA226) to accurately calculate battery SOC with an error of <3%.

[0049] This specific implementation uses the adaptive MPPT algorithm:

[0050] 1. Dual-mode tracking:

[0051] Sunny Day Mode: Prioritizes tracking the maximum power point of the solar panel (720W);

[0052] Rainy / Cloudy Mode: Switches to grid power mode for charging during off-peak electricity pricing.

[0053] 2. Intelligent charge and discharge control

[0054] Dynamic load balancing:

[0055] The number of battery cells connected in series is automatically switched according to the load power (e.g., 5kW load → 3 cells 108V, 1kW load → 1 cell 36V).

[0056] 3. Cloud Platform and Remote Management

[0057] 4G / NB-IoT wireless mode:

[0058] Upload voltage, current, temperature, and SOC data to the cloud in real time;

[0059] Supports remote control of charging and discharging mode switching (such as manual / automatic, peak and off-peak electricity price time settings).

[0060] Energy scheduling optimization:

[0061] Based on local electricity pricing policies, automatically select the optimal discharge period (such as discharging during peak nighttime electricity price periods);

[0062] This specific implementation method achieves efficient storage and flexible release of photovoltaic power generation through "intelligent voltage adaptation" and "modular battery packs". It has advantages in energy efficiency, battery life, cost and scalability, and is especially suitable for the stable power supply needs of medium and low voltage off-grid scenarios.

[0063] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-storage integrated intelligent control system based on dynamic voltage matching, characterized in that, It includes multiple photovoltaic panels (1), the photovoltaic panels (1) are connected to contactors (3) through DC-DC step-down modules (2), the contactors (3) are connected to each other through diodes (D), the contactors (3) are connected to battery packs (4) and voltage acquisition modules (5), the voltage acquisition modules (5) are connected in parallel and connected to control system (6), and control system (6) is connected to illuminance acquisition module (7).

2. The integrated photovoltaic and energy storage intelligent control system based on dynamic voltage matching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel (1) is provided in multiple forms.

3. The integrated photovoltaic and energy storage intelligent control system based on dynamic voltage matching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control system (6) mentioned above uses a PLC or a microcontroller.

4. The integrated photovoltaic and energy storage intelligent control system based on dynamic voltage matching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage acquisition module (5) monitors the battery status in real time, with a 0-5V analog input and an acquisition range of 0-55V.

5. The integrated photovoltaic and energy storage intelligent control system based on dynamic voltage matching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack (4) uses three 12V batteries connected in series to form a nominal voltage of 36V, and each battery pack (4) is connected in parallel.

6. The integrated photovoltaic and energy storage intelligent control system based on dynamic voltage matching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel is also connected to multiple MPPT controllers.

7. The integrated photovoltaic and energy storage intelligent control system based on dynamic voltage matching according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack uses an aviation connector and has a built-in RFID tag for the system to automatically identify its capacity and health status.

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