Radial centering and axial pressing combined clamping mechanism

Abstract

The utility model provides a radial centering and axial pressing combined clamping mechanism which is composed of a nut, an elastic piece, an expansion sleeve gland, a check ring for a hole, a workpiece gland, an expansion sleeve and a taper mandrel. The taper part at the bottom of the taper mandrel is concentrically sleeved with an expansion sleeve, and the outer side of the expansion sleeve is concentrically sleeved with a workpiece; a workpiece gland is pressed on the end face of the workpiece shaft; the nut is screwed with a thread part at the top of the taper mandrel, a nut cavity sleeve is integrally formed at the bottom of the nut, and an axial pressure elastic piece is arranged in a sleeve body of the nut cavity sleeve and axially presses the expansion sleeve gland downwards; the nut cavity sleeve axially presses the workpiece gland downwards; and the expansion sleeve gland and the nut cavity sleeve are coaxially positioned and connected through a retainer ring for a hole. Axial pressing and radial centering of a product can be achieved at the same time only by tightening the nut, clamping is easy and convenient, repeated clamping and positioning precision is high, and the high-precision machining requirement is met; the whole mechanism is compact in structure and small in occupied space, manufacturing cost is reduced, and assembling efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of workpiece clamping technology for operation and transportation, and relates to a composite clamping mechanism with radial centering and axial pressing. Background Technology

[0002] Reliable product positioning methods are required in machining processes. Whether it is a flat-jaw vise or a three-jaw chuck, they are all general-purpose fixtures. Their principle is to clamp the workpiece and restrict its degrees of freedom.

[0003] During finish machining, parts not only need to be clamped, but also aligned to meet their geometric tolerances. Because of the secondary clamping and the need to ensure geometric tolerances during finish machining, the clamping requirements go beyond just positioning reliability; they also need to guarantee positioning accuracy.

[0004] In existing technologies, workpiece positioning and clamping are generally divided into radial centering clamping or axial clamping clamping, and there are very few composite clamping tool designs that combine the two. Therefore, the following improved technical solution is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0005] The technical problem solved by this utility model is to provide a composite clamping mechanism that combines radial centering and axial clamping, which can achieve both axial clamping and radial centering clamping, thus solving the problem of how to achieve simple and high-precision clamping of workpieces.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows: A composite clamping mechanism with radial centering and axial compression, comprising a nut, an elastic element, a shrink sleeve cover, a retaining ring for the hole, a workpiece cover, a shrink sleeve, and a tapered mandrel; the shrink sleeve is concentrically fitted on the bottom cone portion of the tapered mandrel, and the workpiece is concentrically fitted on the outer side of the shrink sleeve; the shrink sleeve cover is press-fitted onto the end face of the shrink sleeve shaft, and the workpiece cover is press-fitted onto the end face of the workpiece shaft; the nut is screwed onto the top threaded portion of the tapered mandrel, and a nut cavity is integrally formed at the bottom of the nut, and an axial compression elastic element is provided inside the nut cavity, which axially presses down on the shrink sleeve cover; the nut cavity axially presses down on the workpiece cover; the shrink sleeve cover and the nut cavity are coaxially positioned and connected by the retaining ring for the hole.

[0007] In the above technical solution, the preferred embodiment is that the tapered mandrel is composed of a conical body, a smooth shaft, and a threaded part that are integrally formed in sequence; the conical body fits tightly with the expansion sleeve and centers the workpiece; the threaded part is used to screw on the fitting nut; and the smooth shaft is axially adapted to the expansion sleeve cover.

[0008] In the above technical solution, further: a workpiece cover is provided on the outside of the expansion sleeve cover; the lower end face of the workpiece cover presses down on the end face of the workpiece shaft, and the upper end face of the workpiece cover presses against the lower end face of the nut cavity sleeve; the lower end face of the expansion sleeve cover presses against the end face of the expansion sleeve shaft, and the upper end face of the expansion sleeve cover presses against the lower end face of the shaft-pressure elastic element; the upper end face of the shaft-pressure elastic element presses against the inner end face of the nut cavity sleeve.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the preferred type of axial compression elastic element is a disc spring.

[0010] In the above technical solution, further: the expansion sleeve cover and the workpiece cover are coaxially adapted and connected.

[0011] In the above technical solution, further: the top of the expansion sleeve cover has an outwardly protruding boss.

[0012] In the above technical solution, further: the maximum diameter of the nut does not exceed the inner diameter of the workpiece, so that the workpiece can be installed without removing the nut; the workpiece cover has a notch slot, so that the workpiece cover can be installed and removed from the side without removing the nut.

[0013] Advantages of this utility model compared to the prior art:

[0014] 1. In use, this utility model achieves axial clamping of the workpiece by pressing down the workpiece cover with a nut. At the same time, the axial pressure elastic element moves downward during the pressing of the nut, thereby driving the expansion sleeve cover to move downward. During the pressing of the expansion sleeve cover, the expansion sleeve that cooperates with the tapered mandrel is expanded, thereby achieving radial centering of the workpiece. It can achieve both axial clamping and radial centering clamping, solving the problem of how to achieve simple and high-precision clamping of workpieces.

[0015] 2. This utility model can achieve axial clamping and radial centering of the product simultaneously by tightening only one nut, and the product can be disassembled by simply loosening the nut when loading and unloading the product; the clamping is simple, the repeated clamping positioning accuracy is high, and it meets the requirements of high-precision processing; the entire clamping mechanism has a compact structure, occupies little space, reduces manufacturing costs, and improves assembly efficiency.

[0016] 3. The workpiece pressure cap of this utility model serves as a bridge connecting the nut cavity sleeve and the workpiece, and can withstand large axial loads. Its robust structure and stable connection method enable the entire clamping mechanism to maintain a stable clamping effect even when subjected to heavy loads.

[0017] 4. The pressing relationship between the expansion sleeve cover and the axial pressure elastic element of this utility model enables the axial pressure elastic element to uniformly transmit pressure to the expansion sleeve. This uniform pressure transmission method helps the expansion sleeve to expand smoothly and further improves the reliability of radial centering.

[0018] 5. As a buffer element, the axial compression elastic element of this utility model can absorb and disperse impact loads during clamping. This buffering and shock absorption effect helps protect the workpiece and clamping mechanism from damage and extends their service life. The elastic characteristics of the axial compression elastic element allow it to adjust the clamping force as needed. This adjustment function enables the clamping mechanism to adapt to the clamping requirements of workpieces of different sizes and shapes, improving its versatility and flexibility.

[0019] 6. The expansion sleeve cover and the workpiece cover of this utility model are coaxially adapted and connected. The top of the expansion sleeve cover has an outward protrusion, which facilitates the removal of the nut. At the same time, the protrusion of the expansion sleeve cover is locked in the hole retaining ring, so that the expansion sleeve cover can also be removed together. This facilitates quick disassembly and clamping, simplifies the assembly process, and makes maintenance and replacement easier. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the workpiece clamping configuration of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the workpiece clamping according to the present invention;

[0022] In the diagram: 1-Nut, 101-Nut cavity sleeve, 2-Elastic element, 3-Expansion sleeve cover, 301-Boss, 4-Hole retaining ring, 5-Workpiece cover, 501-Notch slot, 7-Expansion sleeve, 8-Tapered mandrel, 801-Pelvic part, 802-Threaded part, 803-Optical shaft part. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The following will refer to the appendix in the embodiments of this utility model. Figure 1-2 The technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model are clearly and completely described herein. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0024] A composite clamping mechanism with radial centering and axial clamping is composed of a nut 1, an elastic element 2, a shrink sleeve cover 3, a retaining ring for the hole 4, a workpiece cover 5, a shrink sleeve 7, and a tapered mandrel 8.

[0025] The tapered mandrel 8 has a concentric expansion sleeve 7 mounted on its bottom conical portion 801, and a workpiece 6 is concentrically mounted on the outer side of the expansion sleeve 7. An expansion sleeve cover 3 is press-fitted onto the axial end face of the expansion sleeve 7, and a workpiece cover 5 is press-fitted onto the axial end face of the workpiece 6. The nut 1 is screwed onto the top threaded portion 802 of the tapered mandrel 8, and a nut cavity sleeve 101 is integrally formed at the bottom of the nut 1. An axial pressure elastic element 2 is provided inside the nut cavity sleeve 101, and the axial pressure elastic element 2 presses the expansion sleeve cover 3 axially downward. The nut cavity sleeve 101 presses the workpiece cover 5 axially downward. The expansion sleeve cover 3 and the nut cavity sleeve 101 are coaxially positioned and connected by a retaining ring 4 through a hole.

[0026] In use: The axial clamping of workpiece 6 is achieved by pressing down workpiece cover 5 with nut 1. At the same time, the axial pressure elastic element 2 moves downward during the pressing down of nut 1, thereby driving the expansion sleeve cover 3 to move downward. During the pressing down of expansion sleeve cover 3, expansion sleeve 7, which cooperates with tapered mandrel 8, is expanded, thereby achieving radial centering of workpiece 6.

[0027] This invention achieves axial clamping and radial centering of the workpiece in a single operation (tightening nut 1), improving work efficiency. The cooperation between the expansion sleeve 7 and the tapered mandrel 8, along with the use of the axial pressure elastic element 2, ensures uniform distribution and stable transmission of clamping force, thereby improving clamping reliability. This mechanism is suitable for clamping workpieces of various shapes and sizes; only the appropriate expansion sleeve 7, expansion sleeve cover 3, and workpiece cover 5 need to be replaced. The mechanism has a simple structure, and the components are easy to disassemble and replace, reducing maintenance costs. The expansion process of the expansion sleeve 7 is smooth and uniform, avoiding deformation or damage to the workpiece caused by sudden force.

[0028] In the above embodiments, preferably: the tapered mandrel 8 is composed of a conical body 801, a smooth shaft 803, and a threaded part 802 formed sequentially and integrally; the conical body 801 closely fits the expansion sleeve 7 and centers the workpiece 6; the threaded part 802 is used to screw on the fitting nut 1; the smooth shaft 803 is axially adapted to the expansion sleeve cover 3.

[0029] The conical portion 801 fits tightly with the inner wall of the expansion sleeve 7. Through the extrusion action of the conical surface, the expansion sleeve 7 can expand evenly, thereby achieving precise radial centering of the workpiece 6. This is more reliable than traditional planar or cylindrical surface centering because the conical surface fit has a self-locking effect, preventing workpiece displacement during processing or assembly. The tapered design of the conical portion 801 increases the contact area between the tapered mandrel 8 and the expansion sleeve 7, thereby improving the load-bearing capacity and stability of the connection. The tapered surface fit can better distribute stress, avoiding damage caused by local overload. The smooth shaft portion 803 facilitates the installation and positioning of the expansion sleeve cover 3, allowing the tapered mandrel 8 to be used with different types of expansion sleeve covers 3, thus meeting the clamping requirements of different workpieces 6. The cylindrical shape of the smooth shaft portion 803 is easy to process and inspect, reducing manufacturing costs. The threaded portion 802 has a tight threaded fit with the nut 1, ensuring a firm connection between the tapered mandrel 8 and the nut 1. It has a self-locking effect, preventing the nut from loosening under vibration or impact loads. The engagement characteristic of the threaded portion 802 allows the nut 1 to be easily tightened or loosened, thereby adjusting the clamping force on the workpiece 6. This adjustment method is simple and quick to operate, improving work efficiency. The conical portion 801, the smooth shaft portion 803, and the threaded portion 802 of the tapered mandrel 8 are sequentially integrally formed, making the entire structure compact and simple, reducing unnecessary components and connection points, and improving the reliability and stability of the structure. The tapered mandrel 8 integrates multiple functions such as radial centering, axial clamping, and connection adjustment into one unit. This integrated design makes the tapered mandrel 8 a promising candidate for applications in machining and assembly.

[0030] In the above embodiments, further: a workpiece cover 5 is provided on the outer side of the expansion sleeve cover 3; the lower end face of the workpiece cover 5 presses down on the shaft end face of the workpiece 6, and the upper end face of the workpiece cover 5 presses against the lower end face of the nut cavity sleeve 101; the lower end face of the expansion sleeve cover 3 presses against the shaft end face of the expansion sleeve 7, and the upper end face of the expansion sleeve cover 3 presses against the lower end face of the axial compression elastic element 2; the upper end face of the axial compression elastic element 2 presses against the inner end face of the nut cavity sleeve 101.

[0031] The lower end face of the workpiece pressure cap 5 directly presses against the axial end face of the workpiece 6, ensuring stable axial clamping of the workpiece 6 and preventing axial movement of the workpiece 6 during processing or assembly, thus improving processing accuracy and stability. As a bridge connecting the nut cavity sleeve 101 and the workpiece 6, the workpiece pressure cap 5 can withstand large axial loads. Its robust structure and stable connection method ensure that the entire clamping mechanism maintains a stable clamping effect even under heavy loads. The pressing relationship between the expansion sleeve pressure cap 3 and the axial pressure elastic element 2 allows the axial pressure elastic element 2 to uniformly transmit pressure to the expansion sleeve 7. This uniform pressure transmission helps the expansion sleeve 7 to expand smoothly, further improving the reliability of radial centering. The axial pressure elastic element 2, as a buffer element, can absorb and disperse impact loads during clamping. This buffering and shock absorption effect helps protect the workpiece and clamping mechanism from damage and extends their service life. The elastic characteristics of the axial pressure elastic element 2 allow it to adjust the clamping force as needed. This adjustment function enables the clamping mechanism to adapt to the clamping requirements of workpieces of different sizes and shapes, improving its versatility and flexibility. This makes the entire clamping mechanism compact and space-saving, which helps reduce manufacturing costs and improve assembly efficiency.

[0032] In the above embodiments, preferably, the axial compression elastic element 2 is a disc spring.

[0033] The disc spring, made of spring steel, features short stroke, minimal deformation, and high load-bearing capacity. Within the same dimensions, it can withstand greater loads, thus improving the safety and reliability of the clamping mechanism. Furthermore, its stiffness is highly adjustable, allowing for different stiffness requirements to be met by combining varying numbers of discs, further enhancing the stability and adaptability of the clamping mechanism. The disc spring's compact structure occupies little space; it can be directly fitted into the nut cavity without additional installation space, simplifying the clamping mechanism's design and reducing manufacturing costs. Its excellent buffering and shock absorption capabilities effectively absorb and disperse impact energy, protecting the workpiece and clamping mechanism from damage. The disc spring's superior high-temperature and corrosion resistance allows it to maintain stable performance in harsh working environments, ensuring consistent clamping performance even under high temperatures and corrosive conditions, thus improving its reliability and durability. Maintenance and replacement of the disc spring are relatively easy, requiring no complex disassembly and assembly processes. Finally, the disc spring has a long service life, maintaining stable performance over extended periods of operation.

[0034] In the above embodiments, the expansion sleeve cover 3 and the workpiece cover 5 are coaxially adapted and connected, which facilitates quick disassembly and clamping, simplifies the assembly process, and makes maintenance and replacement easier.

[0035] In the above embodiment, the top of the expansion sleeve cover 3 is provided with an outwardly protruding boss 301, which facilitates the removal of the nut 1. At the same time, the boss 301 of the expansion sleeve cover 3 is locked in the hole retaining ring 4, so that the expansion sleeve cover 3 can also be removed together.

[0036] In the above embodiments, further: the maximum diameter of the nut 1 does not exceed the inner diameter of the workpiece 6, so that the workpiece 6 can be disassembled and installed in the axial assembly of this utility model without removing the nut 1; the workpiece cover 5 is provided with a notch slot 501, which is used to disassemble and install the workpiece cover 5 laterally without removing the nut 1, simply by loosening the nut 1.

[0037] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: When clamping workpiece 6, tighten nut 1, nut 1 presses down on workpiece cover 5, and workpiece cover 5 achieves axial clamping of workpiece 6; at the same time, axial pressure elastic element 2 presses down on expansion sleeve cover 3, expansion sleeve cover 3 presses down on expansion sleeve 7, and during the pressing down process, expansion sleeve 7 is expanded under the action of tapered mandrel 8, achieving radial centering of workpiece 6. When disassembling workpiece 6, first loosen nut 1, and the retaining ring 4 drives expansion sleeve cover 3 to move upward together until the lower end face of expansion sleeve cover 3 is higher than the upper end face of workpiece 6. At this time, remove workpiece cover 5 to disassemble workpiece 6.

[0038] As can be seen from the above description, this utility model can achieve both axial clamping and radial centering of workpiece 6, solving the problem of how to achieve simple and high-precision workpiece clamping. Furthermore, this utility model can simultaneously achieve axial clamping and radial centering of workpiece 6 by tightening only one nut 1, and workpiece 6 can be disassembled simply by loosening the disassembly nut 1. This mechanism is easy to clamp, has high repeatability and positioning accuracy, meeting the requirements of high-precision machining; the entire clamping mechanism has a compact structure and occupies little space, which helps to reduce manufacturing costs and improve assembly efficiency.

[0039] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present utility model. Any modifications and equivalent substitutions made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model are included within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A composite clamping mechanism combining radial centering and axial clamping, characterized in that: It consists of a nut (1), an elastic element (2), a sleeve cover (3), a retaining ring for the hole (4), a workpiece cover (5), a sleeve (7), and a tapered mandrel (8); the bottom cone part (801) of the tapered mandrel (8) is concentrically fitted with the sleeve (7), and the workpiece (6) is concentrically fitted on the outside of the sleeve (7); the sleeve cover (3) is pressed onto the shaft end face of the sleeve (7), and the workpiece cover (5) is pressed onto the shaft end face of the workpiece (6); the nut (1) is screwed in. The tapered mandrel (8) has a threaded part (802) at the top, and the bottom of the nut (1) is integrally formed with a nut cavity sleeve (101). The nut cavity sleeve (101) is provided with an axial pressure elastic element (2). The axial pressure elastic element (2) presses the expansion sleeve cover (3) axially downward. The nut cavity sleeve (101) presses the workpiece cover (5) axially downward. The expansion sleeve cover (3) and the nut cavity sleeve (101) are coaxially positioned and connected through a retaining ring (4) with a hole.

2. The composite clamping mechanism with radial centering and axial clamping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tapered mandrel (8) is composed of a conical body (801), a smooth shaft (803), and a threaded part (802) integrally formed in sequence; the conical body (801) closely fits the expansion sleeve (7) and centers the workpiece (6); the threaded part (802) is used to screw on the fitting nut (1); the smooth shaft (803) is axially adapted to the expansion sleeve cover (3).

3. The composite clamping mechanism with radial centering and axial clamping according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The expansion sleeve cover (3) is provided with a workpiece cover (5) on its outer side; the lower end face of the workpiece cover (5) presses down on the shaft end face of the workpiece (6), and the upper end face of the workpiece cover (5) presses against the lower end face of the nut cavity sleeve (101); the lower end face of the expansion sleeve cover (3) presses against the shaft end face of the expansion sleeve (7), and the upper end face of the expansion sleeve cover (3) presses against the lower end face of the axial pressure elastic element (2); the upper end face of the axial pressure elastic element (2) presses against the inner end face of the nut cavity sleeve (101).

4. The composite clamping mechanism with radial centering and axial clamping according to claim 3, characterized in that: The axial compression elastic element (2) is a disc spring.

5. The composite clamping mechanism with radial centering and axial clamping according to claim 3, characterized in that: The expansion sleeve cover (3) and the workpiece cover (5) are coaxially adapted and connected.

6. The composite clamping mechanism with radial centering and axial clamping according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top of the expansion sleeve cover (3) is provided with an outwardly protruding boss (301).

7. The composite clamping mechanism with radial centering and axial clamping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maximum diameter of the nut (1) does not exceed the inner diameter of the workpiece (6), so that the workpiece (6) can be installed without removing the nut (1); the workpiece cover (5) is provided with a notch slot (501), which is used to install and remove the workpiece cover (5) laterally without removing the nut (1).

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