Combined rigidity guide rail type cultural relic shock insulation support
By combining the design of stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearings, the energy dissipation of linear guide rail bearings under large earthquakes is solved by utilizing the friction between the slider and the guide rail, spring deformation, and damping module. This achieves efficient seismic isolation and accurate reset, adapts to different vibration conditions, and meets the requirements of three-dimensional seismic isolation.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- BEIJING JIAOTONG UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing linear guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearings have insufficient energy dissipation capacity under strong earthquakes, which may lead to displacement limits, acceleration surges, loss of seismic isolation effect, and easy activation under minor earthquakes. They also lack stability, cannot accurately reset, and have a low seismic isolation rate.
A combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing is adopted. Energy is dissipated through friction between the slider and the guide rail, deformation of compression and tension springs, and friction and deformation of brush damping modules. Combined with the starting device to control the start of the bearing, the dynamic balance of the bearing under different conditions is achieved by utilizing the stiffness changes of compression and tension springs.
It improves the seismic isolation rate, ensures effective displacement control of the bearings under major earthquakes, reduces the probability of displacement exceeding limits, enhances applicability, achieves accurate reset and three-dimensional seismic isolation, and has a simple structure and low cost.
Smart Images
Figure CN224244165U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the fields of vibration reduction, vibration isolation, and earthquake protection of movable cultural relics, specifically to a vibration isolation device suitable for museum artifacts. Background Technology
[0002] As of the end of 2024, my country's museums held a total of 67.413 million artifacts, with 7,046 registered museums nationwide. Over 70% of first- and second-level museums are located in high-intensity seismic zones with a seismic intensity of 7 degrees or higher. Due to aesthetic requirements, many artifacts are typically displayed floating inside display cases. Under earthquake conditions, these artifacts are prone to excessive slippage, leading to collisions with case walls or falls onto display stands, as well as excessive swaying angles causing collisions with surrounding objects or overturning. To prevent displacement in unexpected situations, many museum collections employ restraint measures such as adhesives, clips, supports, and bolts. While these measures can reduce slippage or swaying angles to some extent, artifacts may still experience excessive slippage or swaying angles under earthquake conditions. Furthermore, stress concentration at the contact points between the restraint measures and the artifact can easily lead to damage.
[0003] The maturity and widespread application of seismic isolation technology in building structures have provided a theoretical foundation and experiential reference for the research and development of seismic isolation bearings for cultural relics. To further enhance the seismic protection of museum collections, seismic isolation technologies specifically designed for movable cultural relics have emerged. Currently common seismic isolation bearings include: slider type, roller type, wheel type, and ball bearing type. These bearings achieve horizontal movement through sliders and rollers, dissipating energy through sliding or rolling friction, and then using an elastic device to provide restoring force for self-resetting; alternatively, they use V-shaped tracks or concave surfaces to allow rollers or balls to slide repeatedly, dissipating energy by overcoming gravity, and then using gravity to provide restoring force for self-resetting.
[0004] Linear guides are precision mechanical guiding devices, characterized by high guiding accuracy, low friction coefficient, and smooth movement, making them suitable for reciprocating motions that repeatedly start and stop due to earthquakes. However, when using linear guides to construct seismic isolation supports for cultural relics, under strong earthquakes, insufficient energy dissipation capacity may lead to problems such as displacement reaching its limit, violent collisions between the slider and the supports at both ends of the guide, resulting in a surge in acceleration and loss of seismic isolation effect. There may also be issues with low seismic isolation rates, where the acceleration input to the upper floating cultural relic can still cause slippage or swaying failure, and inaccurate repositioning. Furthermore, insufficient stability may result in the device starting to operate even under minor daily vibrations. Utility Model Content
[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a combined stiffness guide rail type seismic isolation support for cultural relics. This support dissipates the kinetic energy generated by seismic vibrations by overcoming the friction between the slider and the guide rail, the deformation of the compression and tension springs, and the work done by the friction and deformation of the brush-type damping module. By rationally adjusting the stiffness of the compression and tension springs and the activation conditions of the tension spring, a dynamic balance is achieved between the seismic isolation rate, support displacement, and reset capability. By incorporating an activation device, the support can be activated under specific conditions, improving its applicability when holding different upper cultural relics and in different usage environments.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:
[0007] A combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing includes a lower fixed plate, a middle sliding plate and an upper sliding plate. The lower fixed plate and the middle sliding plate are slidably connected by a transverse seismic isolation structure, and the middle sliding plate is slidably connected to the upper sliding plate by a longitudinal seismic isolation structure.
[0008] The aforementioned transverse isolation structure includes: two first linear optical axis guide rails fixedly installed by two sets of parallel lower guide rail brackets; the aforementioned middle slide plate is slidably connected to the two aforementioned first linear optical axis guide rails by two sets of first sliders;
[0009] Among them, the two first linear optical axis guide rails mentioned above are respectively fitted with first compression springs at both ends, and the first compression springs are located between the first slider and the lower guide rail support.
[0010] The aforementioned longitudinal isolation structure includes: two second linear optical axis guide rails fixedly installed by two sets of parallel upper guide rail brackets; the aforementioned middle slide plate is slidably connected to the two aforementioned second linear optical axis guide rails by two sets of second sliders;
[0011] Among them, the two ends of the aforementioned second linear optical axis guide rails are fitted with second compression springs, and the aforementioned second compression springs are located between the second slider and the upper guide rail support.
[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the lower fixed plate and the edge of the middle sliding plate are respectively provided with lower spring hooks, and the two ends of the first tension spring are attached with the first flexible rope. The first tension spring is connected to the lower spring hooks through the first flexible rope. After the middle sliding plate slides, the first tension spring can be stretched to do work.
[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the edges of the middle slide plate and the upper slide plate are respectively provided with upper spring hooks, and the two ends of the second tension spring are attached with second flexible ropes. The second tension spring is connected to the upper spring hooks through the second flexible ropes. After the upper slide plate slides, the second tension spring can be stretched to do work.
[0014] After the support is activated, the first and second compression springs are first compressed and deformed to provide a certain stiffness to the support. When the sliding displacement of the middle and upper sliding plates exceeds the design threshold, that is, when the first and second flexible ropes at both ends of the first and second tension springs change from a relaxed state to a taut state, the first and second tension springs begin to be stretched and deformed to provide stiffness to the support.
[0015] When the sliding displacement of the middle and upper sliding plates exceeds the design threshold, the first and second tension springs undergo both axial stretching and rotation in the horizontal plane, thus changing the direction of the spring's elastic restoring force. The elastic restoring force of the tension springs can be decomposed in the horizontal plane into two components: one perpendicular to the optical axis guide rail and the other parallel to it. The elastic restoring force components of the first and second tension springs perpendicular to the optical axis guide rail are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, thus canceling each other out. The elastic restoring force components of the first and second tension springs parallel to the optical axis guide rail are equal in magnitude and in the same direction, and their magnitude increases with the increase of the sliding displacement of the middle and upper sliding plates, exhibiting a non-linear change. Therefore, the stiffness of the support also increases with the increase of the sliding plate displacement.
[0016] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the combination of the stiffness of the first compression spring, the first tension spring, the second compression spring, and the second tension spring can be adjusted according to performance objectives.
[0017] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the lengths of the first flexible rope and the second flexible rope can be adjusted according to the required stiffness of the support and the size of the usable space, thereby controlling the displacement of the support.
[0018] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a brush-type damping module is arranged on the upper surface of the lower fixed plate, the upper and lower surfaces of the middle sliding plate, and the lower surface of the upper sliding plate.
[0019] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a brush-type damping module is also included, which consists of brush bristles and a base.
[0020] According to embodiments of this utility model, seismic energy is further dissipated through friction and deformation between brush-type damping modules, thereby controlling support displacement. The damping magnitude can be further adjusted by changing the size, number, and arrangement of the brush-type damping modules, as well as the hardness and density of the brush bristles, to adapt to different energy dissipation requirements.
[0021] According to embodiments of this utility model, the starting conditions of the device can be adjusted by adjusting the tightness of the damping hinge to adapt to different starting requirements.
[0022] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above-mentioned linear guide pair and slider can be replaced by linear slide rods and rollers / or grooved tracks and pulleys.
[0023] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a starting device is also included, which consists of a fixed base, a damping hinge, and a baffle.
[0024] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a set of the above-mentioned starting devices are arranged at both ends of the upper surface of the lower fixed plate to control the starting of the sliding of the middle slide plate;
[0025] A set of the aforementioned starting devices is arranged at both ends of the longitudinal direction of the upper surface of the middle slide plate to control the initiation of the upper slide plate's sliding motion.
[0026] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a vertical elastic vibration isolation element is also included, which is disposed below the lower fixed plate or on the upper sliding plate.
[0027] The beneficial effects of this utility model are: the seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model can decouple the response under horizontal seismic action in any direction into response components in the horizontal and vertical directions, thereby simplifying the design calculation and analysis.
[0028] The seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model can accurately achieve the self-resetting function through compression springs and tension springs.
[0029] The seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model can dissipate the kinetic energy generated by earthquake vibration by overcoming the friction between the slider and the guide rail, the deformation of the compression and tension springs, and the work done by the friction and deformation of the brush damping module. It is not only low-carbon and environmentally friendly, but also simple in structure, low in cost, and easy to promote.
[0030] The seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model uses a delayed tension spring to participate in seismic isolation. Under small earthquake conditions, only a constant stiffness compression spring provides stiffness. Under large earthquake conditions, both a variable stiffness tension spring and a constant stiffness compression spring provide stiffness. This achieves a high seismic isolation rate for the bearing while effectively controlling the peak displacement of the bearing, reducing the probability of the bearing exceeding the displacement limit.
[0031] The seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model can adjust its energy dissipation capacity by adjusting the combination of two spring stiffnesses according to performance targets, thereby further enhancing the applicability of the seismic isolation bearing.
[0032] The seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model can further control the peak displacement of the bearing by adjusting the length of the flexible rope, according to the required stiffness of the bearing and the size of the usable space.
[0033] The seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model can further dissipate seismic energy through the friction and deformation between brush damping modules by arranging brush damping modules, thereby controlling the peak displacement of the bearing.
[0034] The seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model can avoid unnecessary vibration response caused by minor vibrations by arranging an activation device, ensuring that the seismic isolation bearing only activates its seismic isolation function when necessary.
[0035] The seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model can be equipped with vertical seismic isolation components, which can isolate both horizontal and vertical seismic forces, thus meeting the requirements of three-dimensional seismic isolation. Attached Figure Description
[0036] The present invention includes the following figures:
[0037] Figure 1 Axonometric schematic diagram of an embodiment of a combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model;
[0038] Figure 2 A canometric schematic diagram of the lower isolation structure of an embodiment of a combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation support provided by this utility model;
[0039] Figure 3 A top view schematic diagram of an embodiment of a combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model;
[0040] Figure 4 A front view schematic diagram of an embodiment of a combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model;
[0041] Figure 5 Right view schematic diagram of an embodiment of a combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model;
[0042] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the brush damping arrangement of an embodiment of a combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model.
[0043] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a brush-type damping arrangement method 2 of an embodiment of a combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model;
[0044] Figure 8 A detailed schematic diagram of a brush damping module in one embodiment of a combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model;
[0045] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the starting device arrangement for an embodiment of a combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model;
[0046] Figure 10 A detailed schematic diagram of the starting device of an embodiment of a combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model;
[0047] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of a plum vase seismic isolation support, an embodiment of a combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing provided by this utility model;
[0048] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of a cultural relic display case providing an embodiment of a combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation support for this utility model.
[0049] In the picture:
[0050] 1. Lower fixed plate; 2. Lower guide rail bracket; 3. First linear optical axis guide rail; 4. First slider; 5. First compression spring; 6. Lower spring hook; 7. First flexible rope; 8. First tension spring; 9. Middle sliding plate; 10. Second slider; 11. Second linear optical axis guide rail; 12. Upper guide rail bracket; 13. Second compression spring; 14. Upper spring hook; 15. Second flexible rope; 16. Second tension spring; 17. Upper sliding plate; 18. Brush-type damping module; 19. Starting device; 20. Brush bristles; 21. Base; 22. Fixed base; 23. Damping hinge; 24. Baffle; Detailed Implementation
[0051] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0052] A type of combined stiffness guide rail type seismic isolation bearing for cultural relics, such as Figures 1 to 5 As shown, it includes a lower fixed plate 1, a middle sliding plate 9 and an upper sliding plate 17. The lower fixed plate 1 and the middle sliding plate 9 are slidably connected by a transverse vibration isolation structure, and the middle sliding plate 9 is slidably connected to the upper sliding plate 17 by a longitudinal vibration isolation structure.
[0053] The transverse isolation structure includes: two first linear optical axis guide rails 3 fixedly installed by two sets of parallel lower guide rail brackets 2; and a middle sliding plate 9 slidably connected to the two first linear optical axis guide rails 3 by two sets of first sliders 4.
[0054] Among them, the two first linear optical axis guide rails 3 are respectively fitted with first compression springs 5 at both ends. The first compression springs 5 are located between the first slider 4 and the lower guide rail bracket 2. The lower fixed plate 1 and the middle slide plate 9 are respectively provided with lower spring hooks 6. The two ends of the first tension spring 8 are tied with first flexible ropes 7. The first tension spring 8 is connected to the lower spring hooks 6 through the first flexible ropes 7. After the middle slide plate 9 slides, it can stretch the first tension spring 8 to do work.
[0055] The longitudinal isolation structure includes: two second linear optical axis guide rails 11 fixedly installed by two sets of parallel upper guide rail brackets 12; a middle slide plate 9 slidably connected to the two second linear optical axis guide rails 11 by two sets of second sliders 10; and second compression springs 13 sleeved at both ends of the two second linear optical axis guide rails 11, with the second compression springs 13 located between the second sliders 10 and the upper guide rail brackets 12. Upper spring hooks 14 are respectively provided on the edges of the middle slide plate 9 and the upper slide plate 17. Second flexible ropes 15 are attached to both ends of a second tension spring 16, which is connected to the upper spring hooks 14 via the second flexible ropes 15. When the upper slide plate 17 slides, it can stretch the second tension spring 16 to perform work.
[0056] After the support is activated, the first compression spring 5 and the second compression spring 13 are first subjected to compression deformation, providing a constant stiffness to the support; when the sliding displacement of the middle sliding plate 9 and the upper sliding plate 17 exceeds the design threshold, that is, after the first flexible rope 7 and the second flexible rope 15 at both ends of the first tension spring 8 and the second tension spring 16 change from a relaxed state to a taut state, the first tension spring 8 and the second tension spring 16 begin to be subjected to tensile deformation, providing stiffness to the support.
[0057] When the sliding displacement of the middle slide plate 9 and the upper slide plate 17 exceeds the design threshold, the first tension spring 8 and the second tension spring 16 are both stretched and deformed axially and rotated in the horizontal plane, thus changing the direction of the spring's elastic restoring force. The elastic restoring force of the tension spring can be decomposed in the horizontal plane into two components: one perpendicular to the optical axis guide rail and the other parallel to the optical axis guide rail. The elastic restoring force components of the first tension spring 8 and the second tension spring 16 perpendicular to the optical axis guide rail are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, thus canceling each other out. The elastic restoring force components of the first tension spring 8 and the second tension spring 16 parallel to the optical axis guide rail are equal in magnitude and in the same direction, and their magnitude increases with the increase of the sliding displacement of the middle slide plate 9 and the upper slide plate 17, and the change is non-linear. Therefore, the stiffness of the support also increases with the increase of the slide plate displacement.
[0058] like Figures 6-8 As shown, brush-type damping modules 18 are arranged on the upper surface of the lower fixed plate 1, the upper and lower surfaces of the middle sliding plate 9, and the lower surface of the upper sliding plate 17. The brush-type damping module 18 consists of brush bristles 20 and a base 21. The friction and deformation between the brush-type damping modules 18 further dissipate seismic energy, thereby controlling the support displacement. The damping magnitude can be further adjusted by adjusting the size, number, and arrangement of the brush-type damping modules 18, as well as the hardness and density of the brush bristles, to adapt to different energy dissipation requirements.
[0059] like Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, a set of starting devices 19 are arranged at both ends of the upper surface of the lower fixed plate 1 in the horizontal direction to control the starting of the sliding of the middle slide plate 9, or a set of starting devices 19 are arranged at both ends of the upper surface of the middle slide plate 9 in the vertical direction to control the starting of the sliding of the upper slide plate 17. The starting device 19 consists of a fixed base 22, a damping hinge 23 and a baffle 24. The starting conditions of the device can be adjusted by adjusting the tightness of the damping hinge to adapt to different starting requirements.
[0060] It also includes vertical elastic vibration isolation elements, which are disposed below the lower fixed plate 1 or above the upper sliding plate 17.
[0061] Example 1: Vibration isolation for ceramic vase artifacts
[0062] The museum that houses this artifact is located in an area with a seismic fortification intensity of 7 degrees, a basic design earthquake acceleration of 0.10g, a site category of Class II, and a design earthquake group of Group I.
[0063] like Figure 11 As shown, the vase is a plum vase, 24cm high, 4cm in mouth diameter, 12cm in belly diameter, 8cm in bottom diameter, and weighs 0.5kg. The vibration isolation support has a lower fixed plate 1 measuring 500mm*500mm, a middle sliding plate 9 measuring 380mm*380mm, and an upper sliding plate 17 measuring 500mm*500mm. The first linear optical axis guide rail 3 and the second linear optical axis guide rail 17 have a length of 450mm and a diameter of 8mm. The first compression spring 5 and the second compression spring 13 have a stiffness of 40N / m and a length of 150mm. The first tension spring 8 and the second tension spring 16 have a stiffness of 60N / m and a length of 60mm. The support stiffness varies from 80N / m to 155N / m.
[0064] And, brush damping module 18, the arrangement of which is described in [reference needed]. Figure 6 The base 21 of the brush damping module 18 has a size of 30mm*50mm, the brush bristles 20 have a diameter of 0.1mm and a length of 40mm; the starting device 19 starts working when the external excitation acceleration is greater than 0.1g.
[0065] In this embodiment, the maximum sliding amount of the seismic isolation bearing is 135mm, and the required space is 800mm*800mm*500mm.
[0066] Example 2: Vibration isolation for artifact display cases
[0067] The museum that houses this artifact is located in an area with a seismic fortification intensity of 7 degrees, a basic design earthquake acceleration of 0.10g, a site category of Class II, and a design earthquake group of Group I.
[0068] like Figure 12As shown, the dimensions of the artifact display case are 40cm x 40cm x 160cm, the weight is 45kg, and the aspect ratio is 3.25. The seismic isolation support has a lower fixed plate 1 measuring 60cm x 60cm, a middle sliding plate 9 measuring 40cm x 40cm, and an upper sliding plate 17 measuring 60cm x 60cm. The first linear optical axis guide rail 3 and the second linear optical axis guide rail 17 are 75cm long and 20mm in diameter. The first compression spring 5 and the second compression spring 13 have a stiffness of 400N / m and a length of 40cm. The first tension spring 8 and the second tension spring 16 have a stiffness of 600N / m and a length of 30cm. The support stiffness varies from 800N / m to 1550N / m.
[0069] The seismic isolation bearing is equipped with a brush damping module 18. For the arrangement of the brush damping, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 7 The base 21 of the brush damping module 18 has a size of 50mm*80mm, the brush bristles 20 have a diameter of 0.3mm and a length of 60mm; the starting device 19 starts working when the external excitation acceleration is greater than 0.1g.
[0070] In this embodiment, the maximum sliding distance of the seismic isolation bearing is 30cm, and the required space is 100cm*100cm*200cm. The seismic isolation bearing can be installed at the bottom of a cultural relic display case with dimensions of 40cm*40cm*160cm.
[0071] According to Embodiments 1 and 2 of this utility model, when an earthquake occurs, the middle sliding plate 9 slides along the first linear optical axis guide rail 3 under the seismic action. Simultaneously, the middle sliding plate 9 drives the upper sliding plate 17 to move laterally. The upper sliding plate 17 slides along the second linear optical axis guide rail 11, thus achieving movement of the upper sliding plate 17 in both the lateral and longitudinal directions. During the movement of the middle sliding plate 9 and the upper sliding plate 17, most of the seismic energy is dissipated through the brush-type damping module 18, and a small portion is dissipated by overcoming the friction between the slider and the guide rail and by the deformation of the compression and tension springs.
[0072] In summary, the combined stiffness guide rail type seismic isolation bearing for cultural relics provided by this utility model achieves the horizontal displacement of the sliding plate through the sliding cooperation between the slider and the linear optical axis guide rail. The energy generated by the earthquake is dissipated by overcoming the friction between the slider and the guide rail, the deformation of the compression and tension springs, and the friction and deformation of the brush-type damping module. Finally, the elastic restoring force of the springs allows the sliding plate to return to its original position. This utility model provides variable support stiffness by utilizing the combination of two types of springs and a unique arrangement, so that the support stiffness changes synchronously with the support displacement.
[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the purpose of disclosing the embodiments is to help further understand this utility model. However, those skilled in the art will understand that various substitutions and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of this utility model and the appended claims. Therefore, this utility model should not be limited to the content disclosed in the embodiments, and the scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the scope of the claims.
[0074] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. A combined stiffness guide rail type seismic isolation bearing for cultural relics, characterized in that, It includes a lower fixed plate (1), a middle sliding plate (9) and an upper sliding plate (17). The lower fixed plate (1) and the middle sliding plate (9) are slidably connected by a transverse vibration isolation structure, and the middle sliding plate (9) is slidably connected to the upper sliding plate (17) by a longitudinal vibration isolation structure. The transverse isolation structure includes: two first linear optical axis guide rails (3) fixedly installed by two sets of parallel lower guide rail brackets (2); the middle slide plate (9) is slidably connected to the two first linear optical axis guide rails (3) by two sets of first sliders (4); Among them, the two first linear optical axis guide rails (3) are respectively fitted with first compression springs (5) at both ends, and the first compression springs (5) are located between the first slider (4) and the lower guide rail bracket (2); The longitudinal isolation structure includes: two second linear optical axis guide rails (11) fixedly installed by two sets of parallel upper guide rail brackets (12); the middle slide plate (9) is slidably connected to the two second linear optical axis guide rails (11) by two sets of second sliders (10); Among them, the two second linear optical axis guide rails (11) are fitted with second compression springs (13) at both ends, and the second compression springs (13) are located between the second slider (10) and the upper guide rail bracket (12).
2. The combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower fixed plate (1) and the middle sliding plate (9) are respectively provided with lower spring hooks (6). The first tension spring (8) is attached to both ends with a first flexible rope (7). The first tension spring (8) is connected to the lower spring hooks (6) through the first flexible rope (7). When the middle sliding plate (9) slides, it can stretch the first tension spring (8) to do work.
3. The combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The middle slide plate (9) and the upper slide plate (17) are respectively provided with upper spring hooks (14). The two ends of the second tension spring (16) are tied with second flexible ropes (15). The second tension spring (16) is connected to the upper spring hooks (14) through the second flexible ropes (15). After the upper slide plate (17) slides, it can stretch the second tension spring (16) to do work.
4. The combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Brush-type damping modules (18) are arranged on the upper surface of the lower fixed plate (1), the upper and lower surfaces of the middle sliding plate (9) and the lower surface of the upper sliding plate (17).
5. A combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The brush-type damping module (18) consists of brush bristles (20) and a base (21).
6. A combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a starting device (19), which consists of a fixed base (22), a damping hinge (23) and a baffle (24).
7. A combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing as described in claim 6, characterized in that: A set of starting devices (19) are arranged at both ends of the upper surface of the lower fixed plate (1) to control the starting of the sliding of the middle sliding plate (9); A set of starting devices (19) are arranged at both ends of the longitudinal direction on the upper surface of the middle slide plate (9) to control the starting of the sliding of the upper slide plate (17).
8. A combined stiffness guide rail type cultural relic seismic isolation bearing as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a vertical elastic vibration isolation element, which is disposed below the lower fixed plate (1) or above the upper sliding plate (17).