Device for crushing large stones in normal-pressure environment and cutter head

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device for crushing large stones in a normal pressure environment and a cutter head, and solves the problems of low crushing efficiency of large stones and difficulty in tunneling of a high-strength large stone stratum under high water pressure in the prior art. The large stone crushing device comprises a sliding mechanism and a sealing structure which are arranged on an equipment structure, a rotary driving mechanism and a clamping device are arranged on the sliding mechanism, a drilling and splitting integrated rod is detachably arranged at the output end of the rotary driving mechanism, and the clamping device correspondingly clamps the drilling and splitting integrated rod. The drilling and splitting integrated rod penetrates through the sealing structure and extends to the outer side of the equipment structure, and the sealing structure is used for sealing the drilling and splitting integrated rod; high-efficiency construction of a high-strength large stone stratum under high water pressure is ensured; the large stone crushing device in the normal-pressure environment can be efficiently integrated with the cutter head of the heading machine, the adaptability with the cutter head is high, the large stone which is difficult to crush and discharge under the normal working condition can be crushed by the normal-pressure cutter head through the large stone crushing device, and the excavation efficiency of the normal-pressure cutter head is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a stone crushing device. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel construction, under conditions of high burial depth and high water pressure, the atmospheric pressure cutterhead plays a crucial role. However, in strata containing large, ultra-hard pebbles, rock breaking and muck removal are the biggest challenges in shield tunneling design. Large pebbles can affect equipment excavation, including cutterhead jamming, abnormal cutter damage, muck retention, and shield wear. Pressurized chamber entry for pebble handling is costly, risky, and inefficient; excavation under high water pressure and in strata with high-strength large pebbles is also extremely difficult.

[0003] Furthermore, due to the limited internal space of the atmospheric pressure cutterhead and the long cutter replacement process, there are significant requirements for the size and rock-breaking effect of the rock-breaking equipment to ensure smooth equipment application and project tunneling efficiency. While existing technologies can use rock-breaking devices such as the single-face instantaneous rock-breaking device with authorization announcement number CN 110906798 B, there are currently no rock-breaking devices available for atmospheric pressure cutterhead tunneling, meaning that the compatibility between the rock-breaking device and the cutterhead is poor. Moreover, in mining and large-block cutting, the current method often involves drilling first and then inserting the rock-breaking device. This method requires secondary clamping, resulting in low operational efficiency. Therefore, it is essential to invent a large-block rock-breaking device that integrates drilling and splitting, eliminates the need for changing the working rod, and is compatible with the cutterhead. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings in the aforementioned background technology, this utility model proposes a device and cutter head for crushing large rocks under normal pressure, which solves the problems of low crushing efficiency of large rocks and poor compatibility with the cutter head in the prior art, as well as the difficulty of tunneling through high-strength large rock formations under high water pressure.

[0005] The technical solution of this utility model is achieved as follows: a device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure includes a sliding mechanism and a sealing structure installed on the equipment structure. The sliding mechanism is equipped with a rotary drive mechanism and a clamp. The output end of the rotary drive mechanism is detachably equipped with a drilling and splitting rod. The clamp clamps the drilling and splitting rod accordingly. The drilling and splitting rod extends through the sealing structure to the outside of the equipment structure. The sealing structure seals the drilling and splitting rod, ensuring efficient construction in high-pressure, high-strength rock formations.

[0006] In a further preferred embodiment, the sliding mechanism includes a slide rail support and a sliding drive component. A slide rail is mounted on the slide rail support; the clamp is fixed to the slide rail; and the rotary drive mechanism is slidably mounted on the slide rail and connected to the sliding drive component. Under the action of the sliding drive component, the rotary drive mechanism moves relative to the slide rail, causing the drill-and-split rod to move forward, thereby adjusting the working position of the drill-and-split rod.

[0007] In a further preferred embodiment, the clamp includes a base mounted on a slide rail, and a clamp is provided on the base; the clamp is used to fix the drill-split rod and prevent it from being pushed back due to water pressure at the working face.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment, the sliding drive component is a hydraulic cylinder, with one end connected to the slide rail and the other end connected to the rotary drive mechanism. The extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder drives the rotary mechanism to move along the slide rail.

[0009] As another preferred embodiment, the sliding drive includes a motor and a transmission chain. The output end of the motor is provided with a driving wheel, and the slide rail is provided with a driven wheel. The transmission chain is connected to the driving wheel and the driven wheel, and the rotary drive mechanism is fixedly connected to the transmission chain. The rotation of the motor drives the rotary drive to move smoothly along the slide rail through the transmission chain.

[0010] In a further preferred embodiment, the rotary drive mechanism includes a support seat mounted on the sliding mechanism, a motor mounted on the support seat, and the motor being connected to the integrated drilling and splitting rod via a transmission connection.

[0011] In a further preferred embodiment, an extension rod is provided between the output shaft of the motor and the integrated drilling and splitting rod. One end of the extension rod is detachably connected to the integrated drilling and splitting rod, and the other end is detachably connected to the output shaft of the motor. The extension rod is used to lengthen the drill rod and expand the working range.

[0012] Further preferably, the drill-and-split integrated rod includes a hollow drill rod, with a drill bit at the head of the hollow drill rod, and a plurality of splitting cylinders embedded on the hollow drill rod. The hollow drill rod is provided with a rotary joint for connecting to a hydraulic system, and the hydraulic system is connected to the splitting cylinders through the rotary joint. The splitting cylinders are evenly distributed axially on the hollow drill rod, and the splitting cylinders extend and retract radially along the hollow drill rod.

[0013] Further preferably, the sealing structure includes a ball valve installed in the equipment structure channel, with one end of the ball valve connected to the equipment structure and the other end equipped with a rotary blowout device; this improves the sealing performance of the drill-and-split integrated rod during operation and blocks water and soil pressure from the front.

[0014] A cutterhead includes the aforementioned device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure. The device structure is a cutterhead panel. A drilling and splitting channel is provided on the cutterhead, and the device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure is located in the drilling and splitting channel.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model's device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure utilizes a sealed structure and a sealed combination of a drill-and-split rod. This allows for safe rock-crushing operations under normal pressure, solving the problem of difficult tunneling in high-pressure, high-strength rock formations. Furthermore, the device employs a drill-and-split rod, with its pre-drilling and post-split design, achieving multiple effects with a single rod. Therefore, this equipment can also be used in mining, quarrying, and building demolition, improving operational efficiency.

[0016] This utility model's large rock crushing device under normal pressure can be efficiently integrated with the cutterhead of a tunneling machine, exhibiting high compatibility with the cutterhead. It enables the normal pressure cutterhead to crush large rocks that are difficult to crush and discharge under normal working conditions, thereby improving the excavation efficiency of the normal pressure cutterhead. Moreover, the crushing device can exist as a component, installed during use and removed at any time when not in use, facilitating inspection and maintenance without affecting the normal use of the cutterhead, thus enhancing the competitiveness of the normal pressure cutterhead product. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the device for crushing large rocks according to this utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the device for crushing large rocks in Example 2;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a side view of the device for crushing large rocks in Example 3;

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the bidirectional expansion and cracking arrangement for an integrated drill and splitter rod;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the unidirectional expansion and cracking arrangement for an integrated drill and splitter rod. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0024] Example 1, as Figure 1 As shown, a device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure includes a sliding mechanism 10 and a sealing structure mounted on the equipment structure 9. The sealing structure seals the working channel of the integrated drilling and splitting rod 4, which can also be understood as sealing the integrated drilling and splitting rod 4. Its main function is to block the water and soil pressure in front of the equipment structure. In this embodiment, the sliding mechanism 10 is equipped with a rotary drive mechanism 5 and a clamp 3. The rotary drive mechanism is used to drive the integrated drilling and splitting rod 4 to rotate to achieve the drilling function. The output end of the rotary drive mechanism 5 is detachably equipped with the integrated drilling and splitting rod 4 to achieve torque transmission. The clamp 3 clamps the integrated drilling and splitting rod 4 accordingly. When the integrated drilling and splitting rod stops drilling or when an extension rod is added, the clamp 3 clamps the integrated drilling and splitting rod 4 to fix it and prevent it from being pushed back due to the water pressure at the working face. During operation, the integrated drilling and splitting rod 4 extends through the sealing structure to the outside of the equipment structure 9 to crush large rocks in front of the equipment structure 9. During this process, the sealing structure seals the integrated drilling and splitting rod 4 to prevent backflow caused by excessive water pressure at the working face.

[0025] The above-described device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure in this embodiment allows the entire working environment to be under normal pressure, enabling the crushing of large rocks in the strata under normal pressure. This solves the problem of difficult tunneling in strata with high water pressure and high-strength large rocks during tunnel construction. In addition, this equipment can also be used in fields such as quarrying and building demolition, improving work efficiency.

[0026] Example 2, as Figure 2 As shown, a device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure is described. Based on Embodiment 1, and as a preferred embodiment, the sliding mechanism 10 includes a slide rail support 8 and a sliding drive component 7. The slide rail support is fixed to the back of the equipment structure 9 to support the slide rail. A slide rail 6 is provided on the slide rail support 8 to ensure its stability. A clamp 3 is fixed to the slide rail 6 by bolts and is close to the equipment structure 9 to ensure a stable clamping of the drill-and-split rod. A rotary drive mechanism 5 is slidably disposed on the slide rail 6 and connected to the sliding drive component 7. The slide rail supports the rotary drive mechanism and, in conjunction with the sliding drive component, provides axial freedom for the drill-and-split rod. Under the action of the sliding drive component, the rotary drive mechanism drives the drill-and-split rod to move along the slide rail, adjusting the working position of the drill-and-split rod.

[0027] Specifically, in this embodiment, the clamp 3 includes a base 31 mounted on a slide rail 6, and a clamp 32 is provided on the base 31. The base 31 is connected to the slide rail 6 by bolts. The slide rail 6 can be provided with multiple sets of threaded holes as needed to adjust the position of the base relative to the slide rail. The clamp can be an existing clamp-type clamp to stably hold the cylindrical drill-and-split rod. It should be noted that the clamp-type clamp includes two arc-shaped clamping blocks, which perform clamping actions through hydraulic cylinders or pneumatic cylinders to achieve automated clamping. Alternatively, the clamp can be replaced with a pin, and then a hole is drilled in the drill-and-split rod. Axial limiting is achieved by inserting the pin into the hole; this method can also meet the requirements for fixing the drill-and-split rod.

[0028] In this embodiment, as one implementation method, the sliding drive component 7 is a hydraulic cylinder. One end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the slide rail 6, and the other end is connected to the rotary drive mechanism 5. The hydraulic cylinder serves as the drive component for the axial movement of the rotary drive mechanism. Its extension and retraction drive the movement of the rotary drive mechanism, resulting in a simple and effective structure that ensures the smooth movement of the rotary drive mechanism and the integrated drilling and splitting rod along the slide rail.

[0029] Example 3, as Figure 3 As shown, a device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure differs from Embodiment 2 in that: the sliding drive component 7 in this embodiment includes a motor 7-1 and a transmission chain 7-2. The motor is fixed to the lower part of the slide rail. The output end of the motor 7-1 is provided with a drive wheel 7-3. A driven wheel 7-4 is provided on the slide rail 6. The driven wheel is rotatably disposed at the lower part of the slide rail. Both the drive wheel and the driven wheel are sprockets. The transmission chain 7-2 is connected to the drive wheel 7-3 and the driven wheel 7-4. The rotary drive mechanism 5 is fixedly connected to the transmission chain 7-2. Specifically, the rotary drive mechanism 5 and the transmission chain 7-2 are connected through a connecting block, and a groove is provided in the middle of the slide rail for the connecting block to pass through, avoiding interference. It should be noted that the sprocket and chain can also be replaced by pulleys and a transmission belt.

[0030] In this embodiment, the rotary drive mechanism 5 includes a support base 51 mounted on the sliding mechanism 10. The support base slides along the slide rail to provide support for the motor. A motor 52 is mounted on the support base 51 and is connected to the integrated drilling and splitting rod 4 via a transmission connection. The motor can be connected to a speed reducer, and the output shaft of the speed reducer can be connected to the integrated drilling and splitting rod via a coupling to achieve torque transmission. Alternatively, the motor can also use a gear pair to achieve power transmission with the integrated drilling and splitting rod, driving its rotation to achieve its efficient drilling function.

[0031] Example 4: A device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure. Based on Examples 2 and 3, this example includes an extension rod between the output shaft of the motor 52 and the integrated drilling and splitting rod 4. One end of the extension rod is detachably connected to the integrated drilling and splitting rod 4, and the other end is detachably connected to the output shaft of the motor 52. The extension rod extends the integrated drilling and splitting rod 4, further increasing its working range. Specifically, under normal conditions, the integrated drilling and splitting rod is fixed to the output shaft of the motor 52 via a coupling. The movement distance of a single integrated drilling and splitting rod with a specific slide rail is limited. When it is necessary to crush larger rocks or rocks that are far away from the equipment structure 9, the integrated drilling and splitting rod needs to be extended. In this case, the motor stops rotating, the clamp clamps and fixes the integrated drilling and splitting rod, and then the connection between the integrated drilling and splitting rod and the motor is disconnected. The motor retracts under the action of the sliding drive component, and then an extension rod is added between the motor and the integrated drilling and splitting rod to extend its working range, thus achieving effective adjustment of the working range of the drill rod.

[0032] In this embodiment, as shown Figure 4 , 5 As shown, the integrated drill and splitting rod 4 includes a hollow drill rod 41, the hollow design of which allows for the passage of hydraulic pipes. A drill bit 42 is located at the head of the hollow drill rod 41, performing the drilling function. Several splitting cylinders 43 are embedded in the hollow drill rod 41. These splitting cylinders extend to expand and crack the rocks, thereby splitting and breaking large rocks. A rotary joint 44 is provided on the hollow drill rod 41 for connection to a hydraulic system. The hydraulic system is connected to the splitting cylinders 43 through the rotary joint 44, providing power to the splitting cylinders 43. Preferably, the splitting cylinders 43 are evenly distributed axially on the hollow drill rod 41, and the extension and retraction directions of the multiple splitting cylinders 43 can be in the same direction or in multiple directions to ensure smooth expansion and cracking. In this embodiment, the splitting cylinder 43 extends and retracts radially along the hollow drill rod 41, ensuring efficient expansion and splitting of the splitting cylinder. This integrated drilling and splitting rod allows for drilling and splitting of large rocks, achieving multiple effects with a single rod, eliminating the need for secondary clamping and improving operational efficiency.

[0033] The sealing structure described in this embodiment includes a ball valve 1 installed at the channel of the equipment structure 9. The ball valve is used to open and close the channel of the equipment structure 9, sealing off the water and soil pressure in front of the equipment structure 9. One end of the ball valve 1 is connected to the equipment structure 9, and the other end is equipped with a rotary blowout device 2. The rotary blowout device 2 is used to seal the drill-split integrated rod 4, blocking the water and soil pressure in front, which can keep the entire working environment under normal pressure and improve the safety of operation.

[0034] Example 5: A cutterhead, including the device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure as described in Example 4. In this example, the device structure 9 is a cutterhead panel; the cutterhead panel has a through hole for the drilling and splitting rod 4 to pass through, which is equivalent to a channel of the device structure 9. A drilling and splitting channel is provided on the cutterhead, and the device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure is located within this channel. This cutterhead design enables the crushing of large rocks in the formation under normal pressure, and the entire device can be quickly installed within the normal pressure cutterhead, enabling the crushing of large rocks at any location on the working face. Using this device, the entire assembly is in the form of a tooling fixture, eliminating the need for long-term fixation to the cutterhead structure, facilitating device maintenance and improving product performance.

[0035] The assembly and operation process of the atmospheric pressure crushing large rock device of this utility model is as follows: First, the ball valve 1 is assembled with the equipment structure 9 and the valve is closed. Then, the slide rail support 8 is assembled onto the equipment structure 9. Second, the slide rail 6 is installed onto the slide rail support 8. Third, the rotary drive mechanism 5 and the clamp 3 are installed onto the slide rail. Fourth, the rotary blower 2 is assembled with the ball valve 1. Then, the drill-and-split rod 4 is installed in the rotary mechanism 5. Fifth, the auxiliary power source sliding drive component 7 is installed. Sixth, the sliding drive component 7 is driven to extend the drill-and-split rod 4 to the target position for operation. During this process, water can be sprayed through the water channel to cool and remove slag. The splitting oil cylinder arranged on the drill-and-split rod 4 can extend to split the rock. Seventh, when it is necessary to extend the drill rod, the clamp 3 can hold the drill-and-split rod 4, then disconnect it from the rotary drive mechanism 5, and move the rotary drive mechanism 5 backward. Then, an extension rod and the required pipeline are added in the middle until the drill-and-split rod 4 can be advanced to a suitable length. After the splitting is completed, the rotary drive mechanism and the integrated drilling and splitting rod 4 retract to the valve, and the valve is closed to disassemble the above components to complete the crushing work.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure, characterized in that: It includes a sliding mechanism (10) and a sealing structure set on the equipment structure (9). The sliding mechanism (10) is provided with a rotary drive mechanism (5) and a clamp (3). The output end of the rotary drive mechanism (5) is detachably provided with a drilling and splitting rod (4). The clamp (3) clamps the drilling and splitting rod (4) accordingly. The drilling and splitting rod (4) extends through the sealing structure to the outside of the equipment structure (9). The sealing structure seals the drilling and splitting rod (4).

2. The device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sliding mechanism (10) includes a slide rail support (8) and a sliding drive (7). The slide rail support (8) is provided with a slide rail (6). The clamp (3) is fixed on the slide rail (6). The rotary drive mechanism (5) is slidably disposed on the slide rail (6) and connected to the sliding drive (7).

3. The device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamp (3) includes a base (31) disposed on a slide rail (6), and a clamp (32) is provided on the base (31).

4. The device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sliding drive component (7) is a hydraulic cylinder, with one end connected to the slide rail (6) and the other end connected to the rotary drive mechanism (5).

5. The device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sliding drive component (7) includes a motor (7-1) and a transmission chain (7-2). The output end of the motor (7-1) is provided with a drive wheel (7-3), and the slide rail (6) is provided with a driven wheel (7-4). The transmission chain (7-2) is connected to the drive wheel (7-3) and the driven wheel (7-4). The rotary drive mechanism (5) is fixedly connected to the transmission chain (7-2).

6. The device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The rotary drive mechanism (5) includes a support base (51) mounted on the sliding mechanism (10), and a motor (52) mounted on the support base (51). The motor (52) is connected to the drill-and-split rod (4) via a transmission.

7. The device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure according to claim 6, characterized in that: An extension rod is provided between the output shaft of the motor (52) and the integrated drilling and splitting rod (4). One end of the extension rod is detachably connected to the integrated drilling and splitting rod (4), and the other end is detachably connected to the output shaft of the motor (52).

8. The device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and 7, characterized in that: The drill-and-split integrated rod (4) includes a hollow drill rod (41), with a drill bit (42) at the head of the hollow drill rod (41). Several splitting cylinders (43) are embedded on the hollow drill rod (41), and a rotary joint (44) for connecting to a hydraulic system is provided on the hollow drill rod (41). The hydraulic system is connected to the splitting cylinders (43) through the rotary joint (44). The splitting cylinders (43) are evenly distributed on the hollow drill rod (41) along the axial direction, and the splitting cylinders (43) extend and retract radially along the hollow drill rod (41).

9. The device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sealing structure includes a ball valve (1) installed in the channel of the equipment structure (9), one end of the ball valve (1) is connected to the equipment structure (9), and the other end is provided with a rotary discharge nozzle (2).

10. A cutter head, characterized in that: The device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the device structure (9) is a cutter head panel; a drilling and splitting channel is provided on the cutter head, and the device for crushing large rocks under normal pressure is located in the drilling and splitting channel.

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