Farmland close-to-ground stalk carbonization equipment

Abstract

The utility model provides farmland close-to-ground stalk carbonization equipment which comprises a movable shell and a fixed shell, the movable shell and the fixed shell are vertically stacked and arranged in a sliding mode, a combustion device, two rotary tillage mechanisms and a rolling mechanism are sequentially arranged below the movable shell and the fixed shell, and each rotary tillage mechanism comprises a first rotating shaft. A plurality of cutters are fixedly connected to the side wall of the first rotating shaft, a second rotating shaft is arranged in the first rotating shaft in an extending mode, a spline is fixedly connected to one end of the second rotating shaft, the spline is arranged in the first rotating shaft in a sliding fit mode, and the first rotating shaft of one rotary tillage mechanism is rotationally matched with the fixing shell. A second rotating shaft of the other rotary tillage mechanism is rotationally matched with the fixing shell, the rolling mechanism comprises an outer sleeve, a telescopic sleeve is arranged in the outer sleeve in an extending mode, and a balance weight roller is fixedly connected into the outer sleeve. According to the utility model, the width can be changed, and the carbonization area is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to a field-mounted stalk carbonization device. Background Technology

[0002] Straw is a general term for the stems and leaves (ears) of mature crops. During harvest, such as with rice and wheat, harvesters cut the crops 10-15cm off the ground and then send them inside for threshing and screening. The remaining straw is usually chopped and released back into the field. Directly burning straw causes air pollution, and if disposed of improperly, it not only provides breeding grounds for pests and diseases, but the fertilizer produced during straw decomposition also causes pollution. Furthermore, when cultivating the next crop, the straw adds to the difficulty of tilling operations.

[0003] To increase the economic value of straw while reducing its harm to fields, straw is collected using equipment such as rakes and balers. However, small fields with elevation differences generally do not meet the operational requirements of these machines. Furthermore, the root stubble left in the field after collection can breed pests and diseases. After straw recycling, the organic matter in the soil decreases, and the nutrients in the straw cannot return to the soil, leading to soil depletion and requiring increased fertilizer application, which in turn causes severe soil compaction. Patent CN202410169793.3 proposes a mobile straw field burning and carbonization integrated machine that can burn straw in a smokeless manner, returning the ash to the field to solve the straw problem and fertilize the soil. However, this solution cannot handle the root stubble. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this utility model discloses a farmland straw carbonization device, comprising a movable shell and a fixed shell, which are stacked and slidably arranged. Below both shells are sequentially arranged a combustion device, a rotary tillage mechanism, and a rolling mechanism. In use, the device is mounted on agricultural machinery. Through the traction device on the machinery, the combustion device emits flames to carbonize the straw in the field. Then, the rotary tillage mechanism rotates to till the land, while the rolling mechanism levels the tilled surface and supports the device.

[0005] The rotary tillage mechanism comprises two components, including a first rotating shaft with several blades fixedly connected to its side wall. A second rotating shaft extends from the interior of the first rotating shaft, with a spline fixedly connected to one end. The spline slidably engages with the interior of the first rotating shaft. A sealing sleeve is fitted onto the second rotating shaft and threadedly connected to the end of the first rotating shaft. The first rotating shaft of one rotary tillage mechanism rotatably engages with the fixed housing, and the second rotating shaft of the other rotary tillage mechanism rotatably engages with the fixed housing. That is, during the sliding motion between the fixed and movable housings, the second rotating shaft extends from the interior of the first rotating shaft, thereby changing the width of the device. The arrangement of two rotary tillage mechanisms ensures that the field below both the fixed and movable housings can be rotary tilled after the width of the device changes.

[0006] The rolling mechanism includes an outer casing, inside which a telescopic sleeve extends. A counterweight roller is fixedly connected inside the outer casing. Screws are located below both the movable and fixed shells, and these screws are positioned close to the rolling mechanism. The structure of the telescopic sleeve and outer casing accommodates variations in the width of the device. Increasing the width of the device increases the carbonization area per operation, thus improving carbonization efficiency. During the rotation of the rolling mechanism, the cutting edge of the screw cuts off the soil adhering to the mechanism, and the small volume of cut soil facilitates subsequent planting.

[0007] Preferably, the combustion device includes a fixed frame, inside which an electrically controlled valve is disposed, and a burner nozzle is fixedly connected to the lower end of the electrically controlled valve. The electrically controlled valve controls the flow of fuel delivered by the burner nozzle.

[0008] Preferably, the combustion device further includes a mounting plate, and a fixing frame is fixedly connected to the mounting plate. A drive motor is fixedly connected to the side wall of the fixing frame, and the output end of the drive motor is fixedly connected to an electronically controlled valve. A second hydraulic cylinder is inserted through the end of the mounting plate, and a U-shaped component is fixedly connected to the lower part of the mounting plate. The output end of the second hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the U-shaped component. When the drive motor operates, it adjusts the tilt angle of the burner nozzle and controls the combustion angle. In addition, the second hydraulic cylinder controls the height of the mounting plate, i.e., controls the height of the burner nozzle.

[0009] Preferably, the device further includes a fuel tank, a control module, and a camera. The control module, camera, and electronically controlled valves are electrically connected, and the pipes extending from the fuel tank are all connected to the electronically controlled valves. The fuel tank stores fuel, which can be either natural gas or oil. The camera captures images of the ground, and the control module's built-in image recognition determines the density of straw in the field. This allows for the adjustment of the electronically controlled valves, drive motors, and second hydraulic cylinders in each combustion device, controlling the flame size, height, and tilt angle. This ensures consistent carbonization based on straw density, giving the device an intelligent advantage.

[0010] Preferably, a connecting frame is fixedly connected to one end of the fixed housing, and the camera is fixedly connected to the upper part of the connecting frame. The connecting frame is then fixedly connected to the agricultural machinery.

[0011] Preferably, a first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected inside the fixed shell, and the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected to the movable shell. When the first hydraulic cylinder operates, the output end extends or retracts, thereby enabling the movable shell and the fixed shell to slide against each other, increasing or decreasing the width of the device.

[0012] Preferably, the upper part of the fixed shell is provided with a sliding groove, and the lower end of the movable shell is fixedly connected to a slider, which slides within the sliding groove. The sliding groove and slider enhance the connection strength between them, and the ribs at the upper end of the movable shell further improve its structural strength.

[0013] Preferably, a transmission box is fixedly connected to one side of the fixed housing. The transmission box contains a chain and sprockets to provide power to the rotary tillage mechanism. In addition, a structure for connecting to the power source of the agricultural machinery is provided at the end of the fixed housing.

[0014] A method for carbonizing ground-level stems includes the following:

[0015] Step 1: Cover the plot with a thin-shell cover to create a relatively enclosed space and reduce the leakage of flue gas;

[0016] Step 2: Take pictures of the field and use image recognition to determine the density of the straw, then classify it into grades. 杆 Further determine whether there is water at the base of the straw and classify it into grades d. 水 In addition, it connects to the network to obtain the current working time and air humidity. Here, a time threshold selection table F is set. 时 and air humidity H 湿 Note that d 水 F 时 H 湿 The value range is not less than 0 and not greater than 1, that is, the straw situation is obtained through image recognition;

[0017] Step 3: The orientation of the combustion device is opposite to the direction of travel of the thin-shell component. The downward angle of the combustion device is 15°-45°. The fuel delivery rate Q of the combustion device is obtained according to the following formula: Q = Q1+[-(d 杆 +a) 2 +c]*(1+d 水 +F 时 +H 湿(Q1 is the fuel output for maintaining combustion when the device is not in operation, and a and c are set constants to ensure that the straw is fully carbonized using the least amount of fuel based on the density and moisture of the straw.)

[0018] Step 4: Rotary tillage is carried out in the carbonized area. During the rotary tillage process, the soil that is lifted up absorbs the smoke mixed with the air, thereby reducing the emission of smoke. In addition, rotary tillage can prevent the ignition of untreated straw and the "dust" generated by the combustion of inorganic matter.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0020] 1. This utility model is equipped with a movable shell and a fixed shell that slide against each other, which can change the width of the device, thereby increasing the area of ​​carbonization treatment in a single stroke, and burning close to the ground can carbonize the root pile together.

[0021] 2. The device directly sprays flames onto the ground for carbonization, which greatly simplifies the carbonization process and allows for direct carbonization of crop roots and straw. In addition, the inclusion of a movable shell, a fixed shell, and a rotary tillage mechanism significantly reduces the amount of smoke emitted.

[0022] 3. It is equipped with multiple burners, and each burner can independently adjust the flame size, flame tilt angle and burner height. Combined with cameras, control modules, etc., it ensures energy saving while guaranteeing the consistency of carbonization quality.

[0023] 4. The device is an independent module that can be installed on agricultural machinery without the need for custom-made walking or power mechanisms. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a bottom view of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rotary tillage mechanism of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the rolling mechanism of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the combustion system of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a partial schematic diagram of the combustion device of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the carbonization method of this utility model.

[0032] List of reference numerals in the attached diagram:

[0033] 1. Rolling mechanism; 2. Movable housing; 3. Fixed housing; 4. Transmission box; 5. Connecting frame; 6. Camera; 7. Combustion device; 8. Slide rail; 9. Rotary tillage mechanism; 10. First hydraulic cylinder; 11. Sliding block; 12. Fuel tank; 13. Control module; 14. Screw;

[0034] 101. Telescopic sleeve; 102. Outer sleeve; 103. Counterweight roller; 701. Combustion nozzle; 702. Fixing frame; 703. Electrically controlled valve; 704. Mounting plate; 705. Drive motor; 706. U-shaped part; 707. Second hydraulic cylinder; 901. Cutting tool; 902. First rotating shaft; 903. Second rotating shaft; 904. Sealing sleeve; 905. Spline. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up" and "down" used in the following description refer to the directions in the accompanying drawings, and the terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the directions toward or away from the geometric center of a specific component, respectively. Example 1

[0036] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a farmland stalk carbonization device includes a movable shell 2 and a fixed shell 3, which are stacked and slidably arranged. Below both shells are sequentially arranged a combustion device 7, a rotary tillage mechanism 9, and a rolling mechanism 1. In use, the device is mounted on the rear end of a farm machine. Through the traction and power transmission of the farm machine, the combustion device 7 first carbonizes the ground, then performs rotary tillage, and finally the rolling mechanism 1 levels the tilled ground while providing support for the device.

[0037] Two rotary tillage mechanisms 9 are provided, including a first rotating shaft 902. Several blades 901 are fixedly connected to the side wall of the first rotating shaft 902. During the rotation of the rotary tillage mechanism 9, the blades 901 move accordingly, breaking up the field and mixing the carbonized straw with the soil. A second rotating shaft 903 extends inside the first rotating shaft 902. A spline 905 is fixedly connected to one end of the second rotating shaft 903. The spline 905 slides inside the first rotating shaft 902. That is, during the sliding process between the movable shell 2 and the fixed shell 3, in order to ensure that both ends of the rotary tillage mechanism 9 remain supported, The structure is designed with a first rotating shaft 902 and a second rotating shaft 903 nested together, which can adapt to changes in the position of the movable shell 2 and the fixed shell 3. A sealing sleeve 904 is fitted onto the second rotating shaft 903, and the sealing sleeve 904 is threadedly connected to the end of the first rotating shaft 902. The first rotating shaft 902 of one rotary tillage mechanism 9 is rotatably engaged with the fixed shell 3, and the second rotating shaft 903 of the other rotary tillage mechanism 9 is rotatably engaged with the fixed shell 3. That is, the two rotary tillage mechanisms 9 are installed in opposite directions, which can ensure that the field below can be tilled during the change of position of the movable shell 2 and the fixed shell 3.

[0038] The rolling mechanism 1 includes an outer sleeve 102, with a telescopic sleeve 101 extending inside the outer sleeve 102. A counterweight roller 103 is fixedly connected inside the outer sleeve 102. The rolling mechanism 1 provides support for the device and ensures the smoothness of the soil after rotary tillage. In addition, the structure of the telescopic sleeve 101 and the outer sleeve 102 of the rolling mechanism 1 can adapt to changes in the width of the device. Screws 14 are provided below both the movable shell 2 and the fixed shell 3, and the screws 14 are set against the rolling mechanism 1. The structure of the screws 14 is similar to that of the feeding screw. When the rolling mechanism 1 is rolling, if the soil has a high water content, it will stick to the rolling mechanism 1. The screws 14 here will refine and cut off the soil stuck to the rolling mechanism 1. Existing methods mostly use shovels to remove the soil, but the soil clumps are large and not conducive to subsequent cultivation.

[0039] The combustion device 7 includes a fixed frame 702, which is U-shaped and formed by bending sheet metal for connection and fixation. An electric control valve 703 is installed inside the fixed frame 702. A burner nozzle 701 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the electric control valve 703. At least 15 burners nozzles 701 are provided, each of which is independently controlled. Fuel enters the burner nozzle 701 through the electric control valve 702, and the burner nozzle 701 sprays out flames to carbonize the straw.

[0040] The combustion device 7 also includes a mounting plate 704, and a fixing frame 702 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 704. A drive motor 705 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the fixing frame 702. The output end of the drive motor 705 is fixedly connected to the electric control valve 703. That is, when the drive motor 705 is started, the tilt angle of the burner 701 is adjusted. A second hydraulic cylinder 707 is inserted through the end of the mounting plate 704. A U-shaped piece 706 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the mounting plate 704, and the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder 707 is fixedly connected to the U-shaped piece 706. When the second hydraulic cylinder 707 is working, the height of the mounting plate 704 is adjusted, thereby setting the height of the burner 701.

[0041] Since the device is mainly used for carbonizing straw, the rotary tillage mechanism 9 is used to bury the carbonized straw in the soil to avoid open flames. The width of the device can be changed to improve the efficiency of carbonization.

[0042] The device also includes a fuel tank 12, a control module 13, and a camera 6. The control module 13, camera 6, and electronically controlled valve 703 are electrically connected. All pipes extending from the fuel tank 12 are connected to the electronically controlled valve 703. The fuel tank 12 stores fuel, and by controlling the electronically controlled valve 703, the fuel is delivered to the burner nozzles 701. Furthermore, the control module 13 is equipped with an image recognition function, using the camera 6 to acquire the density of straw in the field, thereby controlling the flame size, tilt angle, and height emitted by each burner nozzle 701—that is, intelligent operation—ensuring uniform carbonization while reducing fuel consumption.

[0043] One end of the fixed housing 3 is fixedly connected to the connecting frame 5, and the device is fixedly connected to the agricultural machinery through the connecting frame 5. The camera 6 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the connecting frame 5.

[0044] The fixed shell 3 is internally fixedly connected to a first hydraulic cylinder 10. The output end of the first hydraulic cylinder 10 is fixedly connected to the movable shell 2. When the first hydraulic cylinder 10 is activated, its output end extends or retracts, so that the movable shell 2 and the fixed shell 3 slide against each other, thereby increasing or decreasing the width of the device.

[0045] The upper part of the fixed shell 3 is provided with a sliding groove 8, and the lower end of the movable shell 2 is fixedly connected with a slider 11, which slides in the sliding groove 8. The sliding groove 8 and the slider 11 cooperate to ensure the connection strength between the movable shell 2 and the fixed shell 3. Furthermore, several stiffening plates are fixedly connected to the upper end of the movable shell 2, which greatly improves the structural strength of the movable shell 2.

[0046] Furthermore, the ends of the screw 14 and the combustion device 7 located below the movable shell 2 are both mounted on the sliding block 11.

[0047] A transmission box 4 is fixedly connected to one side of the fixed housing 3. The transmission box 4 is equipped with sprockets and chains. In addition, a transmission connection structure is provided at the end of the fixed housing 3. Through this structure, it is connected to the agricultural machinery and drives the two rotary tillage mechanisms 9 to rotate by means of the transmission of sprockets and chains. Example 2

[0048] like Figure 8 As shown, a method for carbonizing ground-hugging stems includes the following:

[0049] Step 1: Cover the plot with a thin-shell component. The shelling component is the movable shell 2 and fixed shell 3 described in Example 1, forming a relatively closed space. Specifically, the two sides are closed, while the two sides in the direction of movement are open, which facilitates the straw to enter the interior of the thin-shell component.

[0050] Step 2: Take pictures of the field and use image recognition to determine the density of the straw, then classify it into grades. 杆 This grading system is artificially defined, and each grade corresponds to a parameter. Further analysis is needed to determine whether there is water at the base of the straw, and the grade is assigned accordingly. 水 Similarly, the density of straw and the presence or absence of water are also used for classification. After image recognition algorithm identification, the corresponding d is given. 杆 d 水 In addition, it connects to the network to obtain the current working time and air humidity. Here, a time threshold selection table F is set. 时 This was obtained through statistical analysis of multi-year humidity variations within the region. Corresponding thresholds were set based on seasonality and solar altitude, as well as air humidity H. 湿 Of course, the carbonization equipment is equipped with a temperature and humidity sensor, and the data from the temperature and humidity sensor can also be used directly. Note that d 水 F 时 H 湿 The value of is not less than 0 and not greater than 1;

[0051] Step 3: The combustion device 7 is oriented in the opposite direction to the forward movement of the thin-shell component. The downward angle of the combustion device 7 is 15°-45°. During the carbonization process, the flames and smoke can be blown towards the forward end of the thin-shell component. The fuel delivery amount Q of the combustion device 7 is obtained according to the following formula: Q = Q1 + [- (d 杆 +a) 2 +c]*(1+d 水 +F 时 +H 湿 Q1 combustion device 7 is the fuel output for maintaining combustion when not in operation, and a and c are both set constants. Note that each combustion device 7 is independently controlled. In addition, the burner nozzle 701 can change its height to be used for straw of different heights.

[0052] The above formula shows that as the amount of straw increases, the fuel output Q first increases and then decreases. This is because more straw can burn and generate heat itself, thus reducing fuel consumption. Furthermore, with the addition of parameters such as humidity, specifically, the higher the humidity of the straw, the greater the fuel output Q.

[0053] Step 4: Rotary tillage is performed in the carbonized area, and the flue gas blown towards the forward end of the thin-shell part is adsorbed and mixed during the rotary tillage process, reducing the escape of flue gas.

[0054] The technical means disclosed in this utility model are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features.

Claims

1. A farmland-mounted stalk carbonization device, characterized in that, It includes a movable shell (2) and a fixed shell (3), which are stacked and slidably arranged, and a combustion device (7), a rotary tillage mechanism (9) and a rolling mechanism (1) are arranged in sequence below them. Two rotary tillage mechanisms (9) are provided, including a first rotating shaft (902). Several blades (901) are fixedly connected to the side wall of the first rotating shaft (902). A second rotating shaft (903) extends inside the first rotating shaft (902). A spline (905) is fixedly connected to one end of the second rotating shaft (903). The spline (905) slides inside the first rotating shaft (902). A sealing sleeve (904) is sleeved on the second rotating shaft (903). The sealing sleeve (904) and the end of the first rotating shaft (902) are threadedly connected. The first rotating shaft (902) of one rotary tillage mechanism (9) is rotatably connected to the fixed shell (3), and the second rotating shaft (903) of the other rotary tillage mechanism (9) is rotatably connected to the fixed shell (3). The rolling mechanism (1) includes an outer sleeve (102), and a telescopic sleeve (101) is provided inside the outer sleeve (102). A counterweight roller (103) is fixedly connected inside the outer sleeve (102). A screw (14) is provided below both the movable shell (2) and the fixed shell (3), and the screw (14) is attached to the rolling mechanism (1).

2. The farmland stalk carbonization equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion device (7) includes a fixed frame (702), and an electric control valve (703) is provided inside the fixed frame (702). A burner nozzle (701) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the electric control valve (703).

3. The farmland stalk carbonization equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The combustion device (7) also includes a mounting plate (704), and a fixing frame (702) is fixedly connected to the mounting plate (704). A drive motor (705) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the fixing frame (702). The output end of the drive motor (705) is fixedly connected to the electric control valve (703). A second hydraulic cylinder (707) is inserted through the end of the mounting plate (704). A U-shaped piece (706) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the mounting plate (704), and the output end of the second hydraulic cylinder (707) is fixedly connected to the U-shaped piece (706).

4. The farmland stalk carbonization equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The device also includes a fuel tank (12), a control module (13) and a camera (6), the control module (13) and the camera (6) and the electronically controlled valve (703) are electrically connected, and the pipes extending from the fuel tank (12) are all connected to the electronically controlled valve (703).

5. The farmland stalk carbonization equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: One end of the fixed shell (3) is fixedly connected to the connecting frame (5), and the camera (6) is fixedly connected to the upper part of the connecting frame (5).

6. The farmland stalk carbonization equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed shell (3) is internally fixedly connected to a first hydraulic cylinder (10), and the output end of the first hydraulic cylinder (10) is fixedly connected to the movable shell (2).

7. The farmland stalk carbonization equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the fixed shell (3) is provided with a sliding groove (8), and the lower end of the movable shell (2) is fixedly connected with a slider (11), and the slider (11) slides in the sliding groove (8).

8. The farmland stalk carbonization equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A transmission box (4) is fixedly connected to one side of the fixed shell (3).

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