An unmanned vehicle for carbonizing crop straw

Abstract

A vehicle for processing crop straw carbonization includes a vehicle body (1) and a walking mechanism (2). The vehicle body (1) is characterized in that: a stubble-cutting blade shaft (5) is horizontally mounted on a mounting frame (3) at the front of the vehicle body (1), a spiral roller pick-up device (6) is mounted on the mounting frame (3) and located at the rear of the stubble-cutting blade shaft (5), a crusher (8) is mounted at the rear of the spiral roller pick-up device (6), and the outlet at the lower end of the crusher (8) is connected to a hopper (10) located above via a conveying device (9). A carbonization reactor (12) is installed below the hopper (10), and a carbon collection box (14) is installed below the carbonization reactor (12). The present application has a reasonable structure, which allows the crushed straw material to be carbonized under the high temperature in the carbonization reactor, preventing it from being released into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide, reducing carbon emissions. Moreover, the carbonized material can be returned to the field to improve the soil and enhance soil fertility, thus enabling large-scale processing of crop straw.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to a straw carbonization treatment device, and more particularly to an unmanned vehicle for processing crop straw carbonization, belonging to the field of agricultural machinery technology. Background Technology

[0002] my country is a major agricultural country, and the disposal of crop straw, such as rice, corn, and wheat, has long faced numerous challenges in agricultural production, making it difficult to utilize straw scientifically and effectively. Traditional methods for processing crop straw include open burning, using it as animal feed, direct return to the field, and composting. Open burning not only causes severe air pollution, releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and inhalable particulate matter, increasing carbon emissions, but also risks causing fires. Using it as animal feed has limited utilization of crop straw, and some straw and roots cannot be used as animal feed, presenting significant limitations. Direct return to the field or composting has problems such as a long decomposition period, hindering sowing, carrying pests and diseases, and providing shelter for pests and diseases. Seeds falling on straw during sowing can significantly reduce seed survival rates, which is detrimental to increasing crop yields.

[0003] Existing technologies for processing crop straw suffer from limitations in functionality. For example, simple stubble cutters can only cut surface straw, failing to facilitate subsequent collection. Traditional crushers rely on manual straw handling, resulting in low efficiency and high labor intensity. Carbonization equipment often requires pre-treated straw and lacks integration with the initial stubble cutting, collection, and crushing processes, hindering efficient field processing. Furthermore, existing equipment suffers from high energy consumption, low automation, and poor adaptability to different crop straw types, failing to meet the demands of modern agriculture for large-scale, high-efficiency comprehensive straw utilization. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an automated processing device that integrates stubble cutting, collection, crushing, and carbonization functions, enabling direct field operation. This would address the issues of low straw processing efficiency, poor environmental impact, and resource waste in existing technologies, promoting the industrialization of straw resource utilization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to address the many drawbacks of existing straw processing methods. Existing straw processing equipment has limited functionality, high energy consumption, low automation, and poor adaptability to different crop straws. The application provides an unmanned vehicle for crop straw carbonization processing that is structurally sound, highly automated and intensive, low in energy consumption, and capable of large-scale processing of crop straw, with excellent environmental and economic benefits for farmland.

[0005] To achieve the objectives of the above application, the technical solution of this application is: a crop straw carbonization treatment and intelligent return-to-field equipment, including a vehicle body and a walking mechanism. The walking mechanism is installed at the bottom of the vehicle body, and a mounting frame is provided at the front of the vehicle body. A stubble-cutting blade shaft is horizontally installed at the front end of the mounting frame. A spiral roller picker is installed on the mounting frame and at the rear of the stubble-cutting blade shaft. A crusher is installed on the vehicle body or mounting frame at the rear of the spiral roller picker. The outlet at the lower end of the crusher is connected to a hopper located above via a conveying device. A carbonization reactor is installed below the hopper. The outlet at the lower end of the hopper is connected to the feeding port of the carbonization reactor via a control valve. A carbon collection box is installed below the carbonization reactor.

[0006] Furthermore, a rear mounting bracket is provided at the rear of the vehicle body, and a spreader is mounted on the rear mounting bracket at a height lower than the bottom of the chassis.

[0007] Furthermore, the vehicle body is equipped with a Stirling engine and a generator. The hot air intake of the Stirling engine is connected to the hot air outlet of the carbonization reactor via a pipe. The Stirling engine is connected to the generator through a transmission structure. A diesel engine is also installed in the vehicle body and is connected to the walking mechanism.

[0008] Furthermore, the bottom of the mounting frame is equipped with supporting rollers, and the rear end of the spiral drum picker or crusher is equipped with a soil separation device.

[0009] Furthermore, the spiral roller pickup uses one or more spiral rollers, with the central axis of the spiral roller parallel to the axis of the stubble-removing knife shaft, and the spiral direction of the spiral structure on the left side of the spiral roller is opposite to that of the spiral structure located on the left side.

[0010] Furthermore, the soil separation device is a screen or grid with a vibrating motor.

[0011] Furthermore, a screw feed valve is installed between the silo and the carbonization reactor, and a screw discharge valve is installed between the carbonization reactor and the carbon collection box.

[0012] Furthermore, a metering blower is installed on the outside of the carbonization reactor. The metering blower is connected to the lower air inlet of the carbonization chamber, and a one-way check valve is installed between the air outlet of the metering blower and the air inlet of the carbonization chamber.

[0013] Furthermore, a radiator connected to the inner cavity of the carbon collection box is installed at the bottom of the carbon collection box, and a wind-cooled cooling fan is installed inside the radiator. The outlet end of the carbon collection box is connected to the spreader, or the outlet end of the carbon collection box is connected to the spreader via a pipe or slide.

[0014] Furthermore, a soil covering device is installed at the bottom of the vehicle body behind the spreader. The soil covering device is a double-spiral soil covering roller structure.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this application are:

[0016] 1. This application adopts an integrated equipment that can move autonomously in the field. The straw is stubbled by the stubble-cutting blade shaft at the front end, and then picked up by the spiral roller picker. The soil attached to the straw is separated, crushed and transported to the silo for temporary storage. After carbonization, it is returned to the field and covered by sowing.

[0017] 2. This application has a carbonization reactor installed at the lower end of the silo, which carbonizes the crushed straw material under the high temperature inside the carbonization reactor. This not only locks the carbon in the soil for a long time, preventing it from being released into the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide and reducing carbon emissions, but also improves the soil and enhances soil fertility after the carbonized material is returned to the field.

[0018] 3. The structure of this application adopts a Stirling engine and a generator. The Stirling engine makes full use of high-calorific-value gases to generate electricity, and the generated electricity is used by the on-board device, achieving a good energy-saving and environmental protection effect and realizing the maximum environmentally friendly use of resources.

[0019] 4. This application has a reasonable structure, a high degree of automation and intensification, and low energy consumption. It can realize the large-scale processing of crop straw, which has good environmental and farmland economic benefits and promotes the industrialization of crop straw resource utilization. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a side view of the structure of this application.

[0021] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of this application.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a top view of this application.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the front end of this application.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the dispersant used in this application.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of the carbon collection box and radiator of this application.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the Stirling engine and generator of this application.

[0027] Figure 8 This is the book Figure 7 A structural diagram from another angle.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the carbonization reactor of this application.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection part of the carbonization reactor in this application.

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the diesel engine of this application.

[0031] In the diagram: 1. Vehicle body; 2. Walking mechanism; 3. Mounting frame; 4. Support rollers; 5. Stubble cutter shaft; 6. Spiral drum picker; 7. Soil separator; 8. Crusher; 9. Conveying device; 10. Hopper; 11. Spiral feed valve; 12. Carbonization reactor; 13. Spiral discharge valve; 14. Carbon collection box; 15. Radiator; 16. Rear mounting frame; 17. Spreader; 18. Stirling engine; 19. Generator; 20. Diesel engine; 21. Soil covering device; 22. Quantitative blower. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0033] See Figures 1 to 11 This application discloses an unmanned vehicle for processing crop straw carbonization, comprising a vehicle body 1 and a walking mechanism 2. The walking mechanism 2 is installed at the bottom of the vehicle body 1. The vehicle body 1 is characterized by having a mounting frame 3 at the front, a stubble-cutting blade shaft 5 horizontally mounted at the front end of the mounting frame 3, a spiral roller picker 6 mounted on the mounting frame 3 and located behind the stubble-cutting blade shaft 5, a crusher 8 mounted on the vehicle body 1 or mounting frame 3 behind the spiral roller picker 6, the outlet of the crusher 8 being connected to a hopper 10 located above via a conveying device 9, a carbonization reactor 12 being installed below the hopper 10, the outlet of the hopper 10 being connected to the feeding port of the carbonization reactor 12 via a control valve, and a carbon collection box 14 being installed below the carbonization reactor 12.

[0034] The rear of the vehicle body 1 is provided with a rear mounting bracket 16, on which a spreader 17 is mounted at a height lower than the bottom of the chassis.

[0035] The vehicle body 1 is equipped with a Stirling engine 18 and a generator 19. The hot air inlet of the Stirling engine 18 is connected to the hot air outlet of the carbonization reactor 12 via a pipe. The Stirling engine 18 is connected to the generator 19 through a transmission structure. The vehicle body 1 is equipped with a diesel engine 20, which is connected to the walking mechanism 2.

[0036] The bottom of the mounting frame 3 is equipped with supporting rollers 4, and the rear end of the spiral roller pick-up device 6 or the crusher 8 is equipped with a soil separation device 7.

[0037] The spiral roller pickup 6 uses one or more spiral rollers. The central axis of the spiral roller is parallel to the axis of the stubble cutter 5. The spiral direction of the spiral structure on the left side of the spiral roller is opposite to that of the spiral structure located on the left side.

[0038] The soil separation device 7 is a screen or grid with a vibrating motor.

[0039] A screw feed valve 11 is installed between the silo 10 and the carbonization reactor 12, and a screw discharge valve 13 is installed between the carbonization reactor 12 and the carbon collection box (14).

[0040] A metering blower 22 is installed on the outside of the carbonization reactor 12. The metering blower 22 is connected to the lower air inlet of the carbonization chamber 23. A one-way check valve is provided between the air outlet of the metering blower 22 and the air inlet of the carbonization chamber 23.

[0041] The bottom of the carbon collection box 14 is equipped with a radiator 15 that communicates with the inner cavity of the carbon collection box 14. A wind-cooled cooling fan is installed inside the radiator 15. The outlet end of the carbon collection box 14 is connected to the spreader 17, or the outlet end of the carbon collection box 14 is connected to the spreader 17 via a pipe or slide.

[0042] A soil covering device 21 is installed at the bottom of the vehicle body 1 behind the spreader 17. The soil covering device 21 is a double spiral soil covering roller structure.

[0043] As attached Figures 1 to 6 As shown, this application addresses the challenge of processing crop straw by employing a self-propelled, high-chassis straw carbonization and simultaneous return-to-field device. The chassis can be a self-propelled triangular tracked chassis or a combination of a triangular tracked chassis and a wheeled structure, resulting in lower pressure on the field, good maneuverability, and flexible steering. It can stubble and collect straw from farmland, separate the soil attached to the straw, crush it, and transport it to a hopper for temporary storage. After carbonization, the straw is returned to the field and used as a cover. Simultaneously, a Stirling engine fully utilizes high-calorific-value gases to generate electricity, achieving maximum resource utilization and environmental protection. The specific structure and principle are as follows:

[0044] A walking mechanism 2 is installed at the bottom of the vehicle body 1. The walking mechanism 2 adopts a triangular track mechanism, with one set of triangular tracks installed at the front and rear of each side of the frame. Triangular tracks exert less pressure on the field, are adaptable to soft, wet soil, have good maneuverability, and provide excellent passage through furrows. They are also flexible in steering and increase ground clearance. The triangular track mechanism can also be used in combination with wheels for good performance. A diesel engine 20 is installed inside the vehicle body 1, and is connected to the walking mechanism 2 via a transmission structure, driving the walking mechanism 2. Alternatively, a pure electric system can be used, with a power battery and motor installed inside the vehicle body 1, driving the walking mechanism 2 for movement. This application adopts an unmanned automatic driving mode. In this mode, the operator visually observes the equipment's operation nearby and monitors its movement and carbonization process in real time.

[0045] A mounting frame 3 is installed at the front of the vehicle body 1. The mounting frame 3 extends forward and is used to install a stubble removal and collection mechanism. A stubble removal blade shaft 5 is horizontally installed at the front end of the mounting frame 3. The stubble removal blade shaft 5 is mainly composed of a rotating shaft and multiple stubble removal blade assemblies distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft. When the stubble removal blade shaft 5 rotates, it can clean up the stubble and straw in the field, and also has a certain loosening effect on the soil. After stubble removal and straw collection, it can effectively prevent straw from pricking the feet in the field, which facilitates a series of subsequent field management work.

[0046] A spiral roller picker 6 is installed on the mounting frame 3, located behind the stubble-cutting blade shaft 5. The spiral roller picker 6 works in conjunction with the stubble-cutting blade shaft 5 to automatically pick up the straw after stubble cutting, creating conditions for subsequent straw processing. The spiral roller picker 6 uses one or more spiral rollers. The central axis of the spiral roller is parallel to the axis of the stubble-cutting blade shaft 5. The spiral direction of the spiral structure on the left side of the spiral roller is opposite to that on the left side. The spiral roller picker 6 rotates from the outer front end towards the rear end of the vehicle, essentially flipping the straw from bottom to top. Simultaneously, because the spiral direction of the spiral structure on the left side is opposite to that on the right side, the straw on both sides will be pulled towards the center by the spiral structure. If spiral rollers are used, the spiral structures on adjacent spiral rollers are staggered to prevent straw from falling due to excessive gaps during the picking process.

[0047] A crusher 8 is installed at the rear of the spiral drum picker 6. The crusher 8 is mounted on the vehicle body 1 or the mounting frame 3. The crusher 8 is used to crush the collected straw, which facilitates subsequent transportation and carbonization. A hopper 10 for storing crushed straw material is installed on the upper part of the vehicle body 1. A conveying device 9 is installed between the outlet of the crusher 8 at the lower end and the hopper 10. The conveying device 9 adopts a spiral conveyor or a conveyor belt. The straw material after being crushed by the crusher 8 falls onto the conveying device 9 and is conveyed obliquely upward into the hopper 10.

[0048] A carbonization reactor 12 is installed below the silo 10. The carbonization reactor 12 is used to rapidly carbonize the pulverized material. The carbonization reactor 12 can be a single large carbonization reactor or multiple independently operating carbonization units. A screw feed valve 11 is installed between the lower outlet of the silo 10 and the feed inlet of the carbonization reactor 12. The screw feed valve 11 can accurately feed the material as needed and also has a certain sealing function. A metering blower 22 is installed on the outside of the carbonization reactor 12. The metering blower 22 is connected to the lower air inlet of the carbonization chamber 23, which can accurately control the amount of oxygen entering the chamber.

[0049] The carbonization reactor 12 can adopt various structural forms. Its working principle is to allow the crushed straw material to undergo a pyrolysis reaction in an oxygen-deficient environment of 300°C-700°C. Initially, the heating stage relies on external energy. Once the temperature rises to a certain level, the temperature can be maintained by the combustion of straw biomass or self-produced combustible gases, achieving energy self-sufficiency. During the carbonization process, the oxygen content needs to be controlled, remaining below 2% to prevent the combustion of straw biomass and thus affecting the carbonization effect.

[0050] A carbon collection box 14 is installed below the carbonization reactor 12. The carbon collection box 14 is used to store the carbonized straw. A spiral discharge valve 13 is installed between the lower outlet of the carbonization reactor 12 and the carbon collection box 14. The carbon collection box 14 is made of high-temperature resistant metal material. In order to dissipate heat and cool down the carbonized straw that has just entered the carbon collection box 14, a radiator 15 connected to the inner cavity of the carbon collection box 14 is installed at the bottom or side of the carbon collection box 14. A wind-cooled cooling fan is installed inside the radiator 15.

[0051] This application uses straw carbonization instead of burning, which not only locks carbon in the soil for a long time, preventing it from being released into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide and reducing carbon emissions, but also improves the soil and enhances its fertility, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. During the carbonization and pyrolysis process, minerals and ash are produced. The straw biochar is alkaline, which helps to regulate and neutralize acidic soil and is beneficial to crop growth.

[0052] A rear mounting bracket 16 is provided at the rear of the vehicle body 1. A spreader 17, lower than the bottom of the chassis, is mounted on the rear mounting bracket 16. The spreader 17 adopts a rotating blade structure to evenly spread the carbonized material entering the inner cavity of the spreader 17 onto the surface of the field soil. A soil covering device 21 is installed at the bottom of the vehicle body 1 behind the spreader 17. The soil covering device 21 is a double-helix soil covering roller structure. The soil covering device 21 covers the carbonized material on the field surface with a certain thickness of soil.

[0053] The vehicle body 1 houses a Stirling engine 18 and a generator 19. The hot air inlet of the Stirling engine 18 is connected to the hot air outlet of the carbonization reactor 12 via a pipe, driving the Stirling engine 18. The Stirling engine 18 is connected to the generator 19 via a transmission belt or other transmission structure, driving the generator 19 to generate electricity. The generated energy is stored in a battery and powers the stubble-cutting, picking, crushing, and conveying devices, achieving excellent energy-saving and environmental protection effects. The vehicle body 1 also houses a diesel engine 20, which is connected to the walking mechanism 2 to drive the equipment. Alternatively, a purely electric drive system can be used, with the power battery providing power to the motor on the walking mechanism 2.

[0054] The above description is a further detailed explanation of this application in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should not be considered that the specific implementation of this application is limited to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art, there will be various simple substitutions, improvements and changes to this application without departing from the concept of this application. All such simple substitutions, improvements and changes should be considered to fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A crop straw carbonization treatment unmanned vehicle, comprising a vehicle body (1) and a walking mechanism (2), the bottom of the vehicle body (1) is provided with the walking mechanism (2), characterized in that: The front of the vehicle body (1) is provided with a mounting frame (3), and the front end of the mounting frame (3) is horizontally mounted with a stubble-cutting blade shaft (5). A spiral roller picker (6) is mounted on the mounting frame (3) and located at the rear of the stubble-cutting blade shaft (5). A crusher (8) is mounted on the vehicle body (1) or mounting frame (3) at the rear of the spiral roller picker (6). The outlet at the lower end of the crusher (8) is connected to the silo (10) located above via a conveying device (9). A carbonization reactor (12) is installed below the silo (10). The outlet at the lower end of the silo (10) is connected to the feeding port of the carbonization reactor (12) via a control valve. A carbon collection box (14) is installed below the carbonization reactor (12).

2. The unmanned vehicle for carbonizing treatment of crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rear of the vehicle body (1) is provided with a rear mounting bracket (16), and a spreader (17) is installed on the rear mounting bracket (16) at a height lower than the bottom of the chassis.

3. The unmanned vehicle for carbonizing treatment of crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vehicle body (1) is equipped with a Stirling engine (18) and a generator (19). The hot air inlet of the Stirling engine (18) is connected to the hot air outlet of the carbonization reactor (12) via a pipe. The Stirling engine (18) is connected to the generator (19) through a transmission structure. The vehicle body (1) is equipped with a diesel engine (20), which is connected to the walking mechanism (2).

4. The unmanned vehicle for carbonizing crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the mounting frame (3) is equipped with a support roller (4), and the rear end of the spiral roller pick-up device (6) or the crusher (8) is equipped with a soil separation device (7).

5. The unmanned vehicle for carbonizing crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spiral roller pickup (6) uses one or more spiral rollers. The central axis of the spiral roller is parallel to the axis of the stubble cutter shaft (5). The spiral direction of the spiral structure on the left side of the spiral roller is opposite to that of the spiral structure on the left side.

6. The unmanned vehicle for carbonizing crop straw according to claim 4, characterized in that: The soil separation device (7) is a screen or grid with a vibrating motor.

7. The unmanned vehicle for carbonizing crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: A screw feed valve (11) is installed between the silo (10) and the carbonization reactor (12), and a screw discharge valve (13) is installed between the carbonization reactor (12) and the carbon collection box (14).

8. The unmanned vehicle for carbonizing crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: A metering blower (27) is installed on the outside of the carbonization reactor (12). The metering blower (27) is connected to the lower air inlet of the carbonization chamber (23). A one-way check valve is provided between the air outlet of the metering blower (27) and the air inlet of the carbonization chamber (23).

9. The unmanned vehicle for carbonizing crop straw according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the carbon collection box (14) is equipped with a radiator (15) that communicates with the inner cavity of the carbon collection box (14). A wind-cooled cooling fan is installed inside the radiator (15). The outlet end of the carbon collection box (14) is connected to the spreader (17), or the outlet end of the carbon collection box (14) is connected to the spreader (17) through a pipe or slide.

10. An unmanned vehicle for processing crop straw carbonization according to claim 2 or 9, characterized in that: The bottom of the vehicle body (1) behind the spreader (17) is equipped with a soil covering device (21), which is a double spiral soil covering roller structure.

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