Plant-microorganism combined automatic biological blanket system suitable for ecological restoration of mine slope

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of plant-microorganism combined automation biological blanket system suitable for mine slope ecological restoration. The biological blanket system includes the biological blanket main part arranged in the slope surface, further includes water reservoir and rainwater collection pool located in the slope bottom, the biological blanket main part the biological blanket main part includes shaping net layer, ecological layer, micro-irrigation pipe network layer, heat preservation layer and bottom layer net from top to bottom in sequence, the micro-irrigation pipe network layer is the pipe network water spraying layer by multiple micro-irrigation pipes, and the water inlet of micro-irrigation pipe network layer is connected with water reservoir by water inlet pipe;The rainwater collection pool is connected with water reservoir by circulating water pipe and water pump. The utility model can realize synergistic effect between each layer of biological blanket, and through the setting of automatic irrigation system, manpower and material resources are saved, and the problem that plant death caused by not timely irrigation is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mine ecological restoration technology, and in particular to an automated bio-blanket system for the combined use of plants and microorganisms suitable for mine slope ecological restoration. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of industrialization and the continuous growth of resource demand, mining activities have been carried out extensively around the world, resulting in the complete destruction of native vegetation, damage to soil structure, a sharp decline in soil fertility, and intensified soil erosion. Large amounts of waste residue are exposed indiscriminately, forming indelible "scars on the earth." According to statistics, my country has more than 30 million mu of abandoned mining land left over from history, with soil erosion moduli far exceeding those of ordinary agricultural land and forests and grasslands. The amount of soil loss caused by mining each year is staggering. Not only are the land resources of the mines themselves damaged, but the risks of natural disasters such as siltation of surrounding rivers and lakes, water quality deterioration, floods, and mudslides are also greatly increased.

[0003] In mine ecological restoration projects, biofilm is a typical bioremediation method and has been widely used as an ecological protective material. Traditional biofilm mainly relies on the root system of vegetation to fix the soil and gradually form a stable vegetation cover layer to enhance the slope's resistance to erosion, improve soil quality, fix pollutants, promote biodiversity, achieve slope stability, ecological restoration, and landscape greening. However, traditional biofilm has drawbacks in practical engineering applications, including difficulties in controlling plant seed germination and growth, easy displacement under rainwater erosion, extreme dependence of restoration effects on environmental conditions, cumbersome and costly manual maintenance, and a simple and easily damaged structure. Traditional biofilm does not consider the synergistic effect between plants and microorganisms, has a low level of automation, poor resistance to rainwater erosion, and lacks an integrated restoration structure that combines automation and synergy.

[0004] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a bio-blanket system with automatic maintenance function and reasonable structure to achieve efficient, stable and sustainable mine slope restoration. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an automated bio-blanket system combining plants and microorganisms suitable for ecological restoration of mine slopes, so as to improve the overall ecological restoration efficiency and engineering practicality of the bio-blanket.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides an automated bio-mat system combining plants and microorganisms suitable for ecological restoration of mine slopes. The system includes a bio-mat body laid on the slope surface, a water storage tank, and a rainwater collection tank located at the bottom of the slope. The bio-mat body comprises, from top to bottom, a shaped mesh layer, an ecological layer, a micro-irrigation network layer, an insulation layer, and a bottom mesh. The micro-irrigation network layer is a network of sprayed water composed of multiple micro-irrigation pipes. The inlet of the micro-irrigation network layer is connected to the water storage tank via an inlet pipe. The rainwater collection tank is connected to the water storage tank via a circulating water pipe and a water pump.

[0007] The preferred technical solution of this utility model is that each layer of the biological blanket body is tightly connected to the flexible connector through an interface; the biological blanket body also includes plants planted in the ecological layer.

[0008] The preferred technical solution of this utility model is as follows: The biological blanket system further includes an automated irrigation system, which includes a controller, soil moisture sensors deployed within the ecological layer, and a water level gauge installed in a rainwater collection tank. The inlet pipe is connected to the inlet of the water storage tank and the micro-irrigation network layer via an electromagnetic three-way valve. The circulating water pipe is connected to the third interface of the electromagnetic three-way valve. Multiple soil moisture sensors are provided and dispersed in the soil of the ecological layer. The signal output terminals of the water level gauge and the multiple soil moisture sensors are respectively connected to the signal input terminal of the controller. The signal output terminal of the controller is connected to the control terminal of the electromagnetic three-way valve.

[0009] The preferred technical solution of this utility model is as follows: the shaping mesh layer is a support layer composed of multiple convex ridges forming guide grooves, which is used to guide the flow of rainwater.

[0010] The preferred technical solution of this utility model is as follows: the rainwater collection tank is equipped with a coarse screen and a sedimentation tank for filtering rainwater.

[0011] The preferred technical solution of this utility model is as follows: the ecological layer is a planting layer composed of multiple filling bag bodies connected together, and the filling layer in each filling bag body includes an upper AMF planting area and a lower water-retaining layer; multiple soil moisture sensors are equidistantly distributed in the soil of the AMF planting area at 5.0 m intervals along the horizontal direction.

[0012] The preferred technical solution of this utility model is as follows: the AMF planting area includes a soil layer and a fertilizer layer, and plants and AMF bacteria are planted in the soil layer.

[0013] The preferred technical solution of this utility model is as follows: the water-retaining layer is a gradient pore intelligent water storage structure, which adopts a multi-pore layered composite structure, including an uppermost nanofiber membrane, a middle layer of microcapsules and a lowermost hydrophobic microporous membrane.

[0014] The shaping mesh layer consists of an erosion-resistant fiber mesh layer and a hexagonal wire mesh unit. The surface of the wire mesh has several protrusions, forming drainage channels between the protrusions to guide rainwater flow. The ecological layer AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi) colonization zone is specifically a colonization zone for AMF, with a water-retaining layer below. The AMF colonization zone contains AMF inoculum, plant seeds, soil, and fertilizer.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0016] (1) Compared with traditional slope protection methods, this utility model has a multi-layer functional partition structure, and each layer is connected in a detachable manner. The ecological layer adopts a bag-type filling structure. When the material in the ecological layer is not well repaired or is decommissioned, it can be easily replaced, reducing resource waste and lowering repair costs. Moreover, the biological blanket can achieve synergistic effects between its layers.

[0017] (2) This utility model adopts an intelligent control system to automatically irrigate plants. It has a high degree of automation, responds quickly and sensitively, saves manpower and material resources, and solves the problem of plant death caused by untimely irrigation.

[0018] (3) This utility model utilizes the biological characteristics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to establish a network of "plant-soil-microorganism" interaction relationships, enhance soil fertility, improve plant resistance to stress, promote plant growth, maintain community structure and functional stability, and achieve sustainable habitat and sustainable vegetation.

[0019] (4) This utility model demonstrates the wisdom of circular economy and sustainable development. For example, it uses organic waste such as activated sludge, livestock and poultry manure, crop straw and urban sludge as resources; it collects rainwater as irrigation water, realizing waste utilization; the photovoltaic-temperature difference composite layer structure of the insulation layer provides power support for the operation of the micro-irrigation network layer, reducing system energy consumption. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the specific embodiments or the technical solutions in the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the biological blanket body in this utility model;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a top view of the shaped mesh layer in this utility model;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the ecological layer in this utility model;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the AMF planting area in this utility model;

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the automatic irrigation system in this utility model;

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the control principle of the automatic irrigation system of this utility model.

[0028] The components include: 1. Slope; 2. Shaping mesh layer; 2-1. Diversion ditch; 3. Ecological layer; 3-1. AMF planting area; 3-10. Soil layer; 3-11. Fertilizer layer; 3-2. Water retention layer; 4. Micro-irrigation network layer; 4-1. Micro-irrigation pipe; 4-2. Water outlet; 5. Insulation layer; 6. Bottom mesh layer; 7. Water storage tank; 8. Rainwater collection tank; 9. Plants; 10. Circulating water pipe; 11. Liquid pump; 12. Electromagnetic three-way valve; 13. Water level gauge; 14. Controller; 15. Soil moisture sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The specific embodiments of this utility model are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These are used solely for ease of description and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as "connected" or "joined" can be understood as fixed connection or integrated connection, or as component connection or welded connection.

[0030] like Figure 1As shown, this embodiment provides an automated plant-microorganism bio-mat system suitable for ecological restoration of mine slopes. It includes a bio-mat body laid on the slope surface of slope 1. The bio-mat system also includes a water storage tank 7 and a rainwater collection tank 8 located at the bottom of slope 10. The rainwater collection tank 8, built at the bottom of the slope, is used to collect rainwater flowing down along the diversion channel 2-1. A coarse screen with a spacing of 5 cm is installed before the inlet of the rainwater collection tank 8 to intercept floating objects such as branches and stones. A sedimentation tank with pebbles or gravel is installed below the coarse screen to settle large particles such as silt. The bio-mat body, from top to bottom, includes a shaped mesh layer 2, an ecological layer 3, a micro-irrigation pipe network layer 4, an insulation layer 5, and a bottom mesh 6. Each layer of the bio-mat body is tightly connected to a flexible connector via interfaces. The bio-mat body also includes plants 9 planted in the ecological layer 3. The inlet of the micro-irrigation network layer 4 is connected to the water storage tank 7 through the inlet pipe 16; the rainwater collection tank 8 is connected to the water storage tank 7 through the circulating water pipe 10 and the water pump 11.

[0031] like Figure 3 The image shown is a top view of the shaping mesh layer 2 in the embodiment. The shaping mesh layer 2 described in the embodiment has a mesh structure with a porosity of approximately 95%, allowing plants to pass through smoothly while blocking larger rainwater runoff particles and surface debris. The shaping mesh layer 2 includes an erosion-resistant fiber mesh layer and hexagonal unit wire mesh. The erosion-resistant fiber mesh layer is a hexagonal mesh structure woven from polylactic acid-linseed fiber polymer composite material. This erosion-resistant fiber mesh layer has a certain tensile strength and can gradually degrade over time after plant germination, resulting in extremely low environmental impact and making it an environmentally friendly material. A layer of hexagonal wire mesh is added on top of the anti-erosion fiber mesh layer. The wire mesh is connected by spot welding and has several raised ridges on its surface. The raised ridges are 10 mm high and 20 mm wide, forming a guide channel 2-1. The guide channel 2-1 can guide rainwater to flow along the guide channel, thereby effectively dispersing the impact of rainwater, avoiding the formation of concentrated runoff, reducing the direct erosion of the biological blanket surface by rainwater, and at the same time, it can drain excess water in time to prevent excessive water accumulation on the slope and soil saturation landslides.

[0032] In this embodiment, the micro-irrigation network layer 4 is a network of sprayed water composed of multiple micro-irrigation pipes 4-1. The bio-mat system also includes an automated irrigation system, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 6As shown, the automated irrigation system includes a controller 14, soil moisture sensors 15 installed in the ecological layer 3, and a water level gauge 13 installed in the rainwater collection tank 8. The inlet pipe 16 is connected to the inlet of the water storage tank 7 and the micro-irrigation network layer 4 via an electromagnetic three-way valve 12. The circulating water pipe 10 is connected to the third interface of the electromagnetic three-way valve 12. Multiple soil moisture sensors 15 are distributed in the soil of the ecological layer 3. The signal output terminals of the water level gauge 13 and the multiple soil moisture sensors 15 are connected to the signal input terminal of the controller 14. The signal output terminal of the controller 14 is connected to the control terminal of the electromagnetic three-way valve 12. Figure 7 As shown, the controller 15 includes two control modules. Control module one receives soil moisture signals from the soil moisture sensor 15, automatically adjusts irrigation time and amount, and issues working commands to the electromagnetic three-way valve 12. Control module two determines whether to prioritize irrigation using the water storage tank 7 or the rainwater collection tank 8 based on the water level information reflected by the water level gauge 13. Further, several outlet holes 4-4 are evenly distributed on the micro-irrigation pipe 4-1, with a diameter of approximately 2.0 mm, directly delivering water to the plant roots. This design enables automated and precise irrigation, improves water resource utilization efficiency, reduces soil nutrient loss and water evaporation loss due to over-irrigation, and achieves automated management. The rainwater collection tank is equipped with a small liquid pump 11, used to transport stored rainwater to the micro-irrigation pipe network layer 4. The flow rate and head of the liquid pump 11 are determined based on the slope height difference and the actual required water consumption (i.e., on-site conditions).

[0033] In this embodiment, the ecological layer 3 is a planting layer composed of multiple interconnected filling bag bodies, such as... Figure 4 As shown, each filling bag body contains an upper AMF planting zone 3-1 and a lower water-retaining layer 3-2; multiple soil moisture sensors 15 are equidistantly distributed at 5.0 m intervals along the horizontal direction within the soil of the AMF planting zone 3-1. Adjacent filling bag bodies are connected to flexible connectors via standardized interfaces. The standardized interfaces are located on one edge of the bio-mat body, and the flexible connectors are located on the other edge. The interfaces and connectors cooperate with each other to ensure a tight connection between adjacent filling bag bodies. Figure 5As shown, the AMF planting area 3-1 includes a soil layer 3-10 and a fertilizer layer 3-11. Seeds of plant 9 and AMF inoculum are planted in the soil layer 3-10. The soil layer 3-10 and fertilizer layer 3-11 provide a suitable growth environment for AMF. The AMF inoculum is selected based on local climate, plant species, and soil characteristics. Preferably, the AMF inoculum includes *Rhizophagus irregularis*, *Funneliformis mosseae*, *Bacillus subtilis*, and *Rhizobia*, and is pre-cultured with the selected plant seeds to establish a good mycorrhizal symbiotic relationship before transplanting. Furthermore, the plant seeds can be selected from pioneer plants based on local climate and mining environment, including but not limited to *Pinus massoniana*, *Setaria viridis*, *Phytolacca americana*, *Hemiberlesia lataniae*, and *Lycium chinense*.

[0034] In this embodiment of the invention, soil layer 3-10 is an artificial composite soil material. Specifically, plants partially inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are harvested after six months of growth and compacted into montmorillonite clay. A certain amount of peat, humic acid, biochar, crop straw, sawdust, etc., are added to obtain artificial soil B. Activated sludge D is pre-treated to be harmless. Local soil A, artificial soil B, water-retaining soil C, and activated sludge D are mixed in a ratio of A:B:C:D=3:2:3:2 to obtain mixed soil. Plant growth regulators (jasmonic acid), plant seeds, AMF inoculum, etc., are mixed in a certain proportion in a mixing tank, an appropriate amount of water is added, and the mixture is thoroughly stirred to form a seed slurry. This slurry is then sprayed evenly onto the mixed soil using a spray gun at a certain pressure and angle to obtain soil layer 3-3 with ecological functions. The pH value of soil layer 3-3 is adjusted to 6.0-7.0 using soil conditioners such as lime and gypsum, and a soil moisture sensor 15 is installed every 5.0 m along the horizontal direction.

[0035] In this embodiment, fertilizer layers 3-11 are filled with coated slow-release fertilizer. Specifically, polylactic acid polymer material is used to coat a bio-organic fertilizer made by fermenting nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, and organic waste such as farmyard manure, crop straw, and urban sludge, to produce a coated slow-release fertilizer. Further, the coated slow-release fertilizer contains several slow-release nutrient particles (10 g / m³). 3 The slow-release nutrient granules contain major nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as trace elements such as manganese, zinc, and copper.

[0036] In this embodiment, the water-retaining layer 3-1 is a gradient-pore intelligent water storage structure, employing a multi-pore layered composite structure. The uppermost layer is a nanofiber membrane (pore size 50~100 nm), the second layer is a microcapsule, and the lowermost layer is a hydrophobic microporous membrane (pore size 1~5 μm). Preferably, the nanofiber membrane is made of polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), the microcapsule wall material is chitosan, and the hydrophobic membrane is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The microcapsules encapsulate an insoluble polymer water-retaining material—polyacrylamide-polyvinyl alcohol. During irrigation, water rapidly penetrates through the nanofiber membrane and is stored in the water-retaining material; during drought, the lower hydrophobic membrane develops microcracks due to reduced humidity, causing the microcapsules to slowly release water molecules in the form of vapor. This design utilizes biomimetic principles, mimicking the sweating mechanism of human skin, to improve the water retention performance of the bio-mat, achieving rapid water absorption and long-term retention. The bottom of the water-retaining layer 3-2 is closely attached to the micro-irrigation network layer 4. The water sprayed by the micro-irrigation pipe 4-1 can be directly absorbed and stored by the water-retaining layer 3-2, and then transferred upward to the AMF planting area 3-1 through capillary action for the plants to absorb and utilize, thus realizing dynamic water retention.

[0037] The design of the ecological layer 3 in this invention allows for the provision of essential nutritional support to AMF and plants through simple in-situ methods such as plant residues, root exudates, AMF invasion, and premixed slow-release nutrient materials, without the need for an external exogenous nutrient supplementation system. This establishes a "plant-soil-microorganism" interaction network. Simultaneously, the bag-type filling structure facilitates the replacement of decommissioned materials. When the bio-mat reaches its service life, the decommissioned materials can be removed and replaced with new filling material, achieving the bio-mat's sustainable repair function. Furthermore, the composition and proportion of the filling material can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs of different repair stages.

[0038] In this embodiment, the insulation layer 5 can be a conventional insulation layer, such as glass wool felt, or a photovoltaic-thermal difference composite layer. A flexible thin-film solar cell (0.5 mm thick, conversion efficiency > 18%) is embedded on top, and a semiconductor thermoelectric generator (approximately 20 mm * 20 mm) is attached below it. This composite structure can power the micro-irrigation system and provide heating and insulation for the ecological layer 3 and micro-irrigation pipes 4-1. When the insulation layer 5 uses a photovoltaic-thermal difference composite layer, the solar cells can be placed between the plants 9 to avoid blocking sunlight. During the day, the flexible thin-film solar cells absorb solar energy to generate electricity, part of which powers the micro-irrigation pipe network layer 4, and the other part actively heats the ecological layer 3 and micro-irrigation pipes 4-1 through the semiconductor thermoelectric generator. At night, the semiconductor thermoelectric generator utilizes the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the biological blanket to generate electricity, maintaining the basic temperature required for plant growth and preventing the micro-irrigation pipes 4-1 from freezing in cold weather. The insulation layer 5 not only enables the biological blanket to resist extreme temperature differences, but also forms a synergistic effect with the ecological layer 3 and the micro-irrigation network layer 4, improving the activity and germination rate of microorganisms, while reducing electricity consumption and lowering the carbon footprint throughout the entire life cycle, which meets the needs of green mine restoration.

[0039] The bottom layer 6 in this embodiment comprises a biodegradable polylactic acid-linseed polymer composite fiber layer and a high-strength three-dimensional geonet, possessing good tensile strength and permeability. It enhances the adhesion between the biomembrane and the mine slope, preventing the biomembrane from slipping, while also facilitating rainwater infiltration and drainage, thus avoiding water accumulation that could damage plant roots. The bottom layer 6 is fixed to the slope using an air-bag-type edge anchoring device.

[0040] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model; it is not intended to limit the scope of implementation of the present utility model. Therefore, all modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made in accordance with the shape and principle of the present utility model should be covered within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A plant-microorganism combined automated bio-mat system suitable for ecological restoration of a mine slope, comprising a bio-mat main body laid on a slope (1) surface, characterized in that: The bio-mat system also includes a water storage tank (7) and a rainwater collection tank (8) located at the bottom of the slope (1). The main body of the bio-mat consists of a shaped net layer (2), an ecological layer (3), a micro-irrigation pipe network layer (4), an insulation layer (5), and a bottom net (6) from top to bottom. The micro-irrigation pipe network layer (4) is a pipe network spraying layer composed of multiple micro-irrigation pipes (4-1). The inlet of the micro-irrigation pipe network layer (4) is connected to the water storage tank (7) through an inlet pipe (16). The rainwater collection tank (8) is connected to the water storage tank (7) through a circulating water pipe (10) and a water pump (11).

2. The plant-microorganism combined automatic biological blanket system suitable for ecological restoration of mine slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each layer of the bio-mat body is tightly connected to the flexible connectors through interfaces; the bio-mat body also includes plants (9) planted in the ecological layer (3).

3. The plant-microorganism combined automatic biological blanket system suitable for ecological restoration of mine slope according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The bio-mat system also includes an automated irrigation system, which includes a controller (14), soil moisture sensors (15) installed in the ecological layer (3), and a water level gauge (13) installed in the rainwater collection tank (8). The water inlet pipe (16) is connected to the water inlet of the water storage tank (7) and the micro-irrigation network layer (4) through an electromagnetic three-way valve (12). The circulating water pipe (10) is connected to the third interface of the electromagnetic three-way valve (12). There are multiple soil moisture sensors (15) which are distributed in the soil of the ecological layer (3). The signal output terminals of the water level gauge (13) and the multiple soil moisture sensors (15) are connected to the signal input terminal of the controller (14). The signal output terminal of the controller (14) is connected to the control terminal of the electromagnetic three-way valve (12).

4. The plant-microorganism combined automatic biological blanket system suitable for ecological restoration of mine slope according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The shaping mesh layer (2) is a support layer composed of multiple convex ridges forming guide grooves (2-1) for guiding rainwater flow.

5. The plant-microorganism combined automatic biological blanket system suitable for ecological restoration of mine slope according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The rainwater collection tank (8) is equipped with a coarse screen and a sedimentation tank for filtering rainwater.

6. The plant-microorganism combined automatic biological blanket system suitable for ecological restoration of mine slope according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ecological layer (3) is a planting layer composed of multiple connected filling bag bodies. The filling layer in each filling bag body includes an upper AMF planting area (3-1) and a lower water-retaining layer (3-2). Multiple soil moisture sensors (15) are equidistantly distributed in the soil of the AMF planting area (3-1) at 5.0 m intervals along the horizontal direction.

7. The plant-microorganism combined automatic biological blanket system suitable for ecological restoration of mine slope according to claim 6, characterized in that: The AMF planting area (3-1) includes a soil layer (3-10) and a fertilizer layer (3-11), in which plants (9) and AMF strains are planted.

8. The plant-microorganism combined automatic biological blanket system suitable for ecological restoration of mine slope according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water-retaining layer (3-2) is a gradient pore intelligent water storage structure, which adopts a multi-pore layered composite structure, including an uppermost nanofiber membrane, a middle layer of microcapsules and a lowermost hydrophobic microporous membrane.

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