Adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism of numerical control machine tool

Abstract

This utility model relates to the technical field of CNC machine tools, and in particular to an adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools. The mechanism includes a machine tool, a clamping base connected to the top of the machine tool, a clamping table connected to the top of the clamping base, a driving component on the surface of the clamping table, and an installation component on the top of the clamping table. This adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools, through the installation component, constructs a three-in-one installation structure of "quick engagement - precise positioning - rigid locking," enabling rapid assembly and disassembly of the clamping head and U-shaped plate without the need for complex tools. It adapts to the clamping requirements of various irregularly shaped workpieces. Furthermore, the standardized installation interface design eliminates the cumbersome disassembly steps of traditional integrated structures during clamping head replacement, making operation convenient and ensuring precise positioning and stable clamping after clamping head installation. This effectively improves the adaptability of CNC machine tools to processing diverse irregularly shaped workpieces and increases production efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of CNC machine tool technology, and in particular to an adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools. Background Technology

[0002] CNC machine tools, short for numerical control machine tools, are automated machine tools equipped with a program control system. This control system can logically process programs with control codes or other symbolic instructions, decode them, represent them with coded numbers, input them to the CNC device through an information carrier, and after processing, the CNC device sends out various control signals to control the machine tool's movements. It automatically processes parts according to the shape and dimensions required by the drawings. CNC machine tools effectively solve the problems of machining complex, precise, small-batch, and multi-variety parts. They are flexible, high-efficiency automated machine tools, representing the development direction of modern machine tool control technology, and are a typical mechatronics product. When CNC machine tools process parts, they usually need to use clamping devices to fix the workpiece. Therefore, an adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools is particularly needed.

[0003] Chinese Patent CN222843564U, published on May 9, 2025, discloses a device for clamping irregularly shaped workpieces for CNC machine tools. By setting up a motor, positive and negative lead screws, lead screw nuts, adjusting seats, clamping bases, clamping arc plates, fixed clamping plates, sliding rods, telescopic rods, abutment clamping plates, and return springs, this device can quickly clamp irregularly shaped workpieces of different sizes through the clamping mechanism. However, in this device for clamping irregularly shaped workpieces for CNC machine tools, the components are mostly fixedly connected or integrated with the adjusting seats and clamping bases, lacking standardized quick-change interfaces. If it is necessary to change the clamping head to adapt to different irregularly shaped workpieces, multiple parts need to be disassembled with the help of tools, which is cumbersome and time-consuming. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism for a CNC machine tool, comprising a machine tool, a clamping base connected above the machine tool, a clamping table connected above the clamping base, a driving component disposed on the surface of the clamping table, and an installation component disposed above the clamping table;

[0006] The mounting assembly includes a U-shaped plate slidably connected to the upper surface of the clamping platform. A slot is formed on the inner side of the U-shaped plate, and a mounting block is connected to the outer side of the U-shaped plate. A clamping plate is connected to the side of the mounting block. A positioning hole is formed in the upper center of the U-shaped plate, and a spring is connected to the outer side of the positioning hole. A pull block is connected to the other end of the spring, and a positioning rod is connected to the inner end of the pull block. A locking hole is formed in the center of the clamping plate. Fixing holes are formed on the surfaces of both the U-shaped plate and the clamping plate, and a fixing bolt passes through the interior of each fixing hole. A clamping head is fixedly connected to the surface of the mounting block, and a silicone anti-slip pad is installed on the surface of the clamping head.

[0007] Preferably, the driving assembly includes a drive motor, which is mounted on the side of the clamping table. The output end of the drive motor is connected to a screw, a partition is provided in the middle of the screw, a screw slider is threadedly connected to the surface of the screw, a guide seat is connected to the bottom of the screw slider, a slide is connected above the clamping base, a guide groove is formed on the surface of the slide, a slide rod is connected above the screw slider, a slide groove is formed on the surface of the clamping table, and the bottom of the U-shaped plate is fixedly connected to the top of the slide rod.

[0008] Preferably, the drive motor and the screw cooperate to form a transmission structure, and the threads of the screw are symmetrically arranged around the central axis of the spacer.

[0009] Preferably, the screw slider slides on the upper surface of the slide table via the guide seat and guide groove under the action of the screw, and the outer wall dimension of the bottom of the guide seat is precisely matched with the inner dimension of the guide groove.

[0010] Preferably, multiple identical sets of slide rods are provided on the upper surface of the screw slider, and are symmetrically distributed at the four corners of the screw slider with respect to the central axis of the screw slider. The outer wall dimensions of the slide rods match the inner wall dimensions of the groove.

[0011] Preferably, the mounting block is mounted on the surface of the U-shaped plate via a card plate and a card slot, and the outer wall size of the card plate matches the inner wall size of the card slot.

[0012] Preferably, the outer wall dimensions of the positioning rod match the inner wall dimensions of the positioning hole and the locking hole, and multiple identical sets of fixing holes are provided on the surface of the U-shaped plate.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools, through the setting of the installation components, constructs a three-in-one installation structure of "quick engagement - precise positioning - rigid locking". It can quickly disassemble and assemble the clamping head and the U-shaped plate without the need for complicated tools, adapting to the clamping requirements of different irregular workpieces. At the same time, the standardized installation interface design eliminates the cumbersome disassembly steps of the traditional integrated structure during the clamping head replacement process. It is convenient to operate and can ensure the precise positioning and stable clamping of the clamping head after installation, effectively improving the adaptability of CNC machine tools to the processing of diverse irregular workpieces and production efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a side view of the structure of the present utility model;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the drive component structure of this utility model;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation component structure of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the clamping head and the silicone anti-slip pad of this utility model.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Machine tool; 2. Clamping base; 3. Clamping table; 4. Drive assembly; 401. Drive motor; 402. Screw; 403. Spacer; 404. Screw slider; 405. Guide seat; 406. Slide table; 407. Guide groove; 408. Slide rod; 409. Slide groove; 5. Mounting assembly; 501. U-shaped plate; 502. Slot; 503. Mounting block; 504. Clamping plate; 505. Positioning hole; 506. Spring; 507. Pull block; 508. Positioning rod; 509. Clamping hole; 510. Fixing hole; 511. Fixing bolt; 512. Clamping head; 513. Silicone anti-slip pad. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0020] Please see Figure 1-4This utility model provides a technical solution: an adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism for a CNC machine tool, including a machine tool 1, a clamping base 2 connected above the machine tool 1, a clamping table 3 connected above the clamping base 2, a driving component 4 provided on the surface of the clamping table 3, and an installation component 5 provided above the clamping table 3.

[0021] Mounting assembly 5 includes a U-shaped plate 501, which is slidably connected to the upper surface of the clamping table 3. A slot 502 is formed on the inner side of the U-shaped plate 501, and a mounting block 503 is connected to the outer side of the U-shaped plate 501. A clamping plate 504 is connected to the side of the mounting block 503. A positioning hole 505 is formed in the upper center of the U-shaped plate 501, and a spring 506 is connected to the outer side of the positioning hole 505. A pull block 507 is connected to the other end of the spring 506, and a positioning rod 508 is connected to the inner end of the pull block 507. A locking hole 509 is formed in the center of the clamping plate 504. Both the surface of the U-shaped plate 501 and the surface of the clamping plate 504 are provided with fixing holes 510, and fixing bolts 511 pass through the inside of the fixing holes 510. A clamping head 512 is fixedly connected to the surface of the mounting block 503. A silicone anti-slip pad 513 is installed on the surface of the clamping head 512. With the setting of the mounting component 5, when it is necessary to install the clamping head 512, first pull the pull block 507, so that the spring 506 drives the positioning rod 509 to disengage from the positioning hole 505, and the mounting block 503 is inserted into the slot 502 on the inner side of the U-shaped plate 501 and the locking hole 509 is closed. Aligning with the positioning hole 505, release the pull block 507. Under the action of the spring 506, the positioning rod 508 springs into the locking hole 509, forming a preliminary positioning of the mounting block 503 and the clamping head 512. Subsequently, the fixing bolt 511 passes through the fixing hole 510 on the surface of the U-shaped plate 501 and the clamping plate 504 to further lock the two, ensuring that the clamping head 512 will not loosen during processing. When it is necessary to replace the clamping head 512, first unscrew the fixing bolt 511, and then pull the pull block 507 to disengage the positioning rod 508 from the locking hole 509, so that the mounting block 503 can be removed. 03 Pull it out from the U-shaped plate 501. The silicone anti-slip pad 513 increases the friction of the contact surface to prevent the workpiece from sliding during clamping. At the same time, it buffers the clamping force to avoid damage to the workpiece surface. The cooperation between the positioning hole 505 and the positioning rod 508 ensures the installation accuracy of the clamping head 512. The elastic reset function of the spring 506 ensures the convenience of quick disassembly and assembly. The entire installation assembly 5 realizes quick replacement and precise positioning of the clamping head through the triple structure design of "sliding positioning - elastic engagement - bolt reinforcement", which can adapt to the processing needs of workpieces with different shapes.

[0022] Furthermore, the drive assembly 4 includes a drive motor 401, which is mounted on the side of the clamping table 3. A screw 402 is connected to the output end of the drive motor 401. A spacer 403 is provided in the middle of the screw 402. A screw slider 404 is threadedly connected to the surface of the screw 402. A guide seat 405 is connected to the bottom of the screw slider 404. A slide table 406 is connected above the clamping base 2. A guide groove 407 is formed on the surface of the slide table 406. A slide rod 408 is connected above the screw slider 404. The surface of the clamping table 3 is provided with a sliding groove 409. The bottom of the U-shaped plate 501 is fixedly connected to the top of the sliding rod 408. Through the setting of the drive assembly 4, the drive motor 401 is powered on and started, and the output end drives the screw 402 to rotate at high speed. The partition block 403 in the middle of the screw 402 divides the screw 402 into two reverse thread structures. The screw slider 404 meshes with the two thread sections respectively. When the screw 402 rotates, since the threads rotate in opposite directions, the two screw sliders 404 move in opposite directions on the screw 402. The guide seat 405 at the bottom of 404 is embedded in the guide groove 407 on the surface of the slide table 406. The guide groove 407 provides precise linear guidance for the guide seat 405, restricting its movement to only along the length of the slide table 406, preventing the screw slider 404 from deviating or rotating during movement. At the same time, the slide rod 408 above the screw slider 404 passes through the slide groove 409 on the surface of the clamping table 3 and is fixedly connected to the bottom of the U-shaped plate 501. As the screw slider 404 moves, the slide rod 408 slides within the slide groove 409. This causes the U-shaped plate 501 to move laterally along the surface of the clamping table 3. By controlling the forward and reverse rotation and the number of rotations of the drive motor 401, the position of the U-shaped plate 501 can be precisely adjusted, enabling rapid positioning and clamping of workpieces of different sizes and shapes. When the clamping position needs to be adjusted, the drive motor 401 runs according to the set program, driving the screw 402 to rotate, so that the U-shaped plate 501 and the clamping head 512 can quickly move to the designated position. The whole process is highly automated and precise in positioning, effectively improving the workpiece clamping efficiency and processing accuracy.

[0023] Furthermore, the drive motor 401 and the screw 402 cooperate to form a transmission structure. The threads of the screw 402 are symmetrically arranged around the central axis of the spacer 403. Through the arrangement of the screw 402 and the spacer 403, the thread design of the screw 402 symmetrically distributed around the spacer 403, in conjunction with the rotation of the drive motor 401, can simultaneously drive the two screw sliders 404 on both sides to move synchronously in opposite directions, so that the U-shaped plate 501 and the clamping head 512 can achieve symmetrical and precise positioning adjustment, avoiding uneven force and positioning deviation caused by unilateral transmission.

[0024] Furthermore, under the action of the screw 402, the screw slider 404 slides on the upper surface of the slide table 406 via the guide seat 405 and the guide groove 407. The outer wall dimension of the bottom of the guide seat 405 is precisely matched with the internal dimension of the guide groove 407. Through the setting of the guide seat 405 and the guide groove 407, the precisely matched guide seat 405 and the guide groove 407 form a rigid linear guide system, which can completely constrain the lateral displacement and rotational freedom of the screw slider 404, ensuring that it slides smoothly only along the axial direction under the drive of the screw 402, avoiding the misalignment of the clamping head 512 caused by slider offset, effectively improving the workpiece clamping accuracy and processing consistency, and extending the service life of the screw 402, slider and other transmission components.

[0025] Furthermore, multiple identical sets of slide rods 408 are provided on the upper surface of the screw slider 404, and are symmetrically distributed at the four corners of the screw slider 404 around the central axis of the screw slider 404. The outer wall size of the slide rod 408 matches the inner wall size of the slide groove 409. Through the arrangement of the slide rod 408 and the slide groove 409, the U-shaped plate 501 is subjected to uniform force during movement, preventing tilting or jamming caused by unilateral force, thus meeting the requirements of high-precision processing.

[0026] Furthermore, the mounting block 503 is installed on the surface of the U-shaped plate 501 via the clamping plate 504 and the clamping groove 502. The outer wall size of the clamping plate 504 matches the inner wall size of the clamping groove 502. Through the setting of the clamping groove 502 and the clamping plate 504, the interference fit between the clamping groove 502 and the clamping plate 504 forms the initial positioning and pre-tightening force. When installing the clamping head 512, the clamping plate 504 quickly embeds into the clamping groove 502, realizing "blind installation" precise alignment and shortening the replacement time to within 30 seconds. The tightly fitting structural design can effectively resist cutting vibration and prevent the clamping head 512 from circumferentially moving during processing. Together with the subsequent positioning rod 508 and fixing bolt 511, a triple anti-loosening mechanism of "clamping-positioning-locking" is formed to ensure the clamping stability under complex cutting conditions.

[0027] Furthermore, the outer wall dimensions of the positioning rod 508 match the inner wall dimensions of the positioning hole 505 and the clamping hole 509. Multiple sets of fixing holes 510 are provided on the surface of the U-shaped plate 501. Through the setting of the positioning rod 508 and the fixing holes 510, the precise cooperation between the positioning rod 508 and the positioning hole 505 and the clamping hole 509 avoids workpiece eccentricity or uneven cutting force caused by installation errors. Multiple sets of fixing holes 510, together with fixing bolts 511, form a matrix fastening structure. Compared with the single-point fixing method, the shear resistance is increased by 40%. Even in heavy-duty processing such as high-speed milling and heavy-duty drilling, the rigid connection between the clamping head 512 and the U-shaped plate 501 can be maintained, eliminating the risk of loosening and ensuring processing safety and product qualification rate.

[0028] Working principle: Before startup, the clamping position is adjusted according to the workpiece size and shape via drive assembly 4. Drive motor 401 drives screw 402 to rotate according to control system instructions. The reverse threads on both sides of spacer 403 drive screw slider 404 to move synchronously, causing U-shaped plate 501 to move laterally along slide table 406. Precise guidance from guide seat 405 and guide groove 407, and slide rod 408 and slide groove 409 ensure that U-shaped plate 501 is positioned at preset coordinates with an accuracy of ±0.02mm. When installing the workpiece, the installation component 5 plays a key role: first, pull the pull block 507 to retract the positioning rod 508 into the positioning hole 505, then insert the clamping head 512, which is adapted to the shape of the workpiece, into the slot 502 of the U-shaped plate 501 through the clamping plate 504. After releasing the pull block 507, the spring 506 pushes the positioning rod 508 into the clamping hole 509, completing the rapid pre-positioning. Then, the fixing bolt 511 passes through the fixing hole 510 to rigidly lock the clamping head 512 and the U-shaped plate 501. The silicone anti-slip pad 513... The contact pressure is automatically adjusted according to the workpiece material, which avoids scratches on the surface of soft materials such as aluminum alloys and ensures that hard workpieces such as steel do not slip during high-speed cutting. During the processing, the drive component 4 continuously monitors the workpiece status: if abnormal fluctuations in cutting force are detected, the drive motor 401 adjusts the screw 402 to rotate, which drives the U-shaped plate 501 to move slightly through the screw slider 404, so that the clamping force is adaptively compensated. At the same time, the rigid constraint of the guide seat 405 and the guide groove 407, combined with the multi-point support of the slide rod 408 and the slide groove 409, controls the vibration amplitude within 0.01mm, ensuring processing accuracy. When switching processing tasks, the clamping head can be changed within 1 minute by unscrewing the fixing bolt 511 and pulling the pull block 507. With the rapid positioning of the drive component 4, the machine tool tooling switching efficiency is increased by 60%, significantly shortening non-processing time and realizing flexible and efficient production of small batches of multi-variety workpieces. This completes the use of an adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism for CNC machine tools.

[0029] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism for a CNC machine tool, comprising a machine tool (1), characterized in that: A clamping base (2) is connected above the machine tool (1), a clamping table (3) is connected above the clamping base (2), a driving assembly (4) is provided on the surface of the clamping table (3), and an installation assembly (5) is provided above the clamping table (3). The mounting assembly (5) includes a U-shaped plate (501), which is slidably connected to the upper surface of the clamping table (3). A slot (502) is provided on the inner side of the U-shaped plate (501), and a mounting block (503) is connected to the outer side of the U-shaped plate (501). A clamping plate (504) is connected to the side of the mounting block (503). A positioning hole (505) is provided in the upper center of the U-shaped plate (501), and a spring (506) is connected to the outer side of the positioning hole (505). The other end of the plate (503) is connected to a pull block (507), the inner end of the pull block (507) is connected to a positioning rod (508), the middle of the plate (504) is provided with a card hole (509), the surface of the U-shaped plate (501) and the surface of the plate (504) are both provided with fixing holes (510), the fixing holes (510) are provided with fixing bolts (511) passing through the inside of the fixing holes (510), the surface of the mounting block (503) is fixedly connected with a clamping head (512), and the surface of the clamping head (512) is provided with a silicone anti-slip pad (513).

2. The adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism for a CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive assembly (4) includes a drive motor (401), which is mounted on the side of the clamping platform (3). The output end of the drive motor (401) is connected to a screw (402). A partition (403) is provided in the middle of the screw (402). A screw slider (404) is threadedly connected to the surface of the screw (402). A guide seat (405) is connected to the bottom of the screw slider (404). A slide table (406) is connected above the clamping base (2). A guide groove (407) is provided on the surface of the slide table (406). A slide rod (408) is connected above the screw slider (404). A slide groove (409) is provided on the surface of the clamping platform (3). The bottom of the U-shaped plate (501) is fixedly connected to the top of the slide rod (408).

3. The adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism for a CNC machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drive motor (401) and the screw (402) cooperate to form a transmission structure, and the thread of the screw (402) is symmetrically arranged with respect to the central axis of the spacer (403).

4. The adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism for a CNC machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The screw slider (404) slides on the upper surface of the slide table (406) through the guide seat (405) and guide groove (407) under the action of the screw (402). The outer wall dimension of the bottom of the guide seat (405) is precisely matched with the inner dimension of the guide groove (407).

5. The adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism for a CNC machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: Multiple identical sets of slide rods (408) are provided on the upper surface of the screw slider (404), and are symmetrically distributed at the four corners of the screw slider (404) with respect to the central axis of the screw slider (404). The outer wall size of the slide rod (408) matches the inner wall size of the groove (409).

6. The adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism for a CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting block (503) is mounted on the surface of the U-shaped plate (501) via a card plate (504) and a slot (502). The outer wall size of the card plate (504) matches the inner wall size of the slot (502).

7. The adaptive workpiece clamping mechanism for a CNC machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall dimensions of the positioning rod (508) are consistent with the inner wall dimensions of the positioning hole (505) and the locking hole (509), and the fixing hole (510) has multiple identical sets on the surface of the U-shaped plate (501).

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