A tiered energy dissipation anti-ship collision system based on metamaterial structures

Abstract

This utility model discloses a tiered energy-dissipating anti-ship collision system based on metamaterial structures, including an ultra-high performance concrete panel, a tiered energy-dissipating anti-collision layer, a rubber fender, bridge piers, bridge abutments, and bridge pile foundations. The tiered energy-dissipating anti-collision layer includes variable stiffness units, lightweight energy-dissipating materials, vertical steel plates, an upper top plate, and a lower bottom plate. The variable stiffness unit is composed of multiple concave hexagonal units connected by transverse and longitudinal steel plates, with the hollow structure in the middle filled with lightweight energy-dissipating materials such as polyurethane foam, ceramsite, and rubber granules that can absorb and disperse impact energy. The variable stiffness units are welded to the steel plates to form a whole, and the protective device is connected to the protected bridge pier through the rubber fender. The overall stiffness of the protective device increases with structural deformation upon impact, thus this utility model has a variable stiffness tiered energy-dissipating anti-collision effect, effectively prolonging the collision time between the ship and the bridge and reducing the impact force of the ship, achieving two-way protection for both the ship and the bridge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a protective device, specifically a protective device that achieves energy absorption and structural protection through concave hexagonal units and variable stiffness mechanisms, specifically a protective device for bridges to prevent collisions with ships and vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of transportation and infrastructure construction, the risk of collisions or external impacts on ships and vehicles during operation is increasing. Collisions can cause serious casualties, property damage, and environmental harm. Therefore, developing efficient, economical, and practical protective devices has multiple benefits, including improving safety, reducing economic losses, protecting the environment, and promoting technological innovation. These devices not only protect lives and property but also contribute to social progress and sustainable development, ultimately bringing significant social and economic benefits to various industries.

[0003] Collision-resistant structures, as critical protective devices, are widely used in bridges, ports, vehicles, and other fields to absorb impact energy and reduce damage to target structures. However, existing collision-resistant structures typically suffer from the following design problems: most designs have fixed structural stiffness, which cannot be adjusted according to the actual impact force. This design may be overly rigid under minor impacts, failing to effectively absorb energy, and prone to failure under high-intensity impacts, thus failing to meet complex and diverse collision protection requirements. Therefore, given the current technological context, designing a collision-resistant structure that can achieve stiffness adjustment, possesses excellent energy absorption capabilities, and is suitable for applications in multiple fields has become an urgent problem to be solved in the current technological field. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tiered energy-dissipating anti-ship collision system based on metamaterial structures. Under stress, the system can achieve a significant change in structural stiffness through the buckling deformation of the concave edges of the concave hexagonal units. Through reasonable structural design, the system can improve collision protection performance and reduce casualties and property damage caused by collisions.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows: a tiered energy-dissipating anti-ship collision system based on metamaterial structure, including an ultra-high performance concrete panel, a tiered energy-dissipating anti-collision layer, a rubber fender, a bridge pier, a bridge abutment, and a bridge pile foundation. The tiered energy-dissipating anti-collision layer is arranged around the bridge abutment and is connected to the bridge abutment through the rubber fender. An ultra-high performance concrete panel is provided on the outer layer of the tiered energy-dissipating anti-collision layer, which has excellent impact resistance and aims to further enhance the overall stability and protection capability of the structure.

[0006] The tiered energy-dissipating and impact-resistant layer includes variable stiffness units, lightweight energy-dissipating materials, vertical steel plates, an upper top plate, and a lower bottom plate. Each variable stiffness unit is composed of multiple cellular structures arranged laterally and longitudinally. These cellular structures are multiple concave hexagonal units with inclined angles connected by horizontal and vertical steel plates to form an array with variable stiffness. The connections between the concave hexagonal units are rigid, ensuring the overall stability and load-bearing capacity of the structure. The hollow structure within each variable stiffness unit is filled with lightweight energy-dissipating material. An upper top plate and a lower bottom plate are fixed to the top and bottom of each variable stiffness unit, respectively. These plates are connected to the vertical steel plates via welds, ensuring the overall stability of the structure and effectively transmitting and dispersing impact forces. The vertical steel plates are connected to the ultra-high performance concrete panel via shear connectors.

[0007] Preferably, the variable stiffness unit can be made of materials with good stiffness and strength, such as steel, composite materials, and aluminum alloys, and can be adjusted according to specific application requirements.

[0008] Preferably, the rigid connection of the concave hexagonal unit is achieved by welding, bolting, or other rigid connection methods (but welding is preferred).

[0009] Preferably, the ultra-high performance concrete panel is equipped with vertical and horizontal reinforcing bars, which can further improve the impact resistance of the force transmission structure.

[0010] Preferably, the lightweight energy-consuming material is a material that can absorb and disperse impact energy, such as polyurethane foam (PU), ceramsite, or rubber granules.

[0011] When the structure is subjected to stress, the buckling process of the concave hexagonal unit involves buckling deformation of the concave edges of the unit under external force, resulting in a significant change in the overall structural stiffness and forming a secondary stiffness combination. This significantly improves the structural stiffness after the buckling deformation of the concave hexagonal edges, making it suitable for bridge collision protection against ships and vehicles, as well as other applications requiring collision protection design, especially those requiring energy absorption or stiffness adjustment. The connection between the unit and the protected element includes, but is not limited to, rubber fenders, elastic gaskets, springs, and hydraulic devices to achieve buffering and shock absorption functions.

[0012] Under compression testing, the stiffness of the overall structure exhibits different changes in the early and later stages: the initial stiffness is lower, effectively absorbing collision energy and achieving flexible protection; the later stiffness increases, providing a stronger protective effect. The combination of ultra-high performance concrete panels and variable stiffness units allows the overall structure to be subjected to uniform stress, further enhancing its overall protective capability.

[0013] This invention features a tiered energy dissipation characteristic that provides dual protection against both ships and bridges. In the initial stage, the structure's low stiffness effectively absorbs energy from a ship impact, reducing damage to the vessel. During the impact, as the structural stiffness gradually increases, the higher stiffness in the later stages ensures the structural stability and integrity of the bridge after the collision, effectively guaranteeing the safety of the bridge piers. Therefore, this invention possesses excellent anti-collision performance and offers superior dual protection against both ships and bridges.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0015] 1. Variable stiffness characteristic. Most current protective devices possess only a single structural stiffness, while this invention can achieve higher stiffness based on structural deformation. Initially, the structural stiffness is low, effectively absorbing collision energy; as the concave edges of the concave hexagonal units buckle, the structural stiffness significantly increases, providing stronger protective capabilities. This characteristic allows the structure to adapt to different types of collisions, providing comprehensive protection.

[0016] 2. Enhanced energy absorption capacity. The protective structure of this invention can be filled with lightweight energy-dissipating materials (such as polyurethane foam, ceramic particles, and rubber granules), which can effectively disperse collision energy, reduce the impact on the protected structure, and further improve the protective performance.

[0017] 3. Utilizing ultra-high-performance concrete panels. These panels offer strong impact resistance, allowing for more even stress distribution within the internal structure and better leveraging its variable stiffness. Rigid connections between internal components ensure overall stability under stress, preventing performance degradation due to loosening or deformation at connections and enhancing the reliability of the protective effect.

[0018] 4. High adaptability and wide application. This structure is not only suitable for protecting bridges from ship and vehicle collisions, but also for the protection of military facilities such as bulletproof and blast-proof structures, demonstrating broad application potential. The design of the protective shell can be flexibly adjusted according to the needs of different scenarios to achieve more precise protective effects.

[0019] 5. This utility model consists of several modular units, each of which can be prefabricated in the factory, making it easy to assemble directly on site, and construction is convenient, quick, and easy to replace. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall internal structure of the anti-ship collision system of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a quasi-static compression deformation diagram of the overall internal structure of the anti-ship collision system of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3This is a quasi-static compressive force-displacement curve of the internal overall structure of the anti-ship collision system of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the cascade energy dissipation and anti-ship collision system based on metamaterial structure of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a vertical cross-sectional view of the cascade energy-dissipating anti-ship collision system based on metamaterial structure of this utility model;

[0025] In the diagram: 1. Cellular structure; 2. Ultra-high performance concrete panel; 3. Vertical reinforcement; 4. Horizontal reinforcement; 5. Shear connector; 6. Vertical steel plate; 7. Variable stiffness element; 8. Lightweight energy-consuming material; 9. Collision fender; 10. Bridge pier; 11. Bridge abutment; 12. Top slab; 13. Bottom slab; 14. Bridge pile foundation. Detailed Implementation

[0026] For ease of understanding, the patent will be described more comprehensively and in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0027] like Figure 1-5 As shown, a tiered energy-dissipating anti-ship collision system based on metamaterial structure includes an ultra-high performance concrete panel 2, a tiered energy-dissipating anti-collision layer, a rubber fender 9, a bridge pier 10, a bridge abutment 11, and a bridge pile foundation 14. The tiered energy-dissipating anti-collision layer is disposed around the bridge abutment 11 and is connected to the bridge abutment 11 through the rubber fender 9. An ultra-high performance concrete panel 2 is disposed on the outer layer of the tiered energy-dissipating anti-collision layer, which has excellent impact resistance and is intended to further enhance the overall stability and protection capability of the structure.

[0028] The stepped energy-dissipating and anti-collision layer includes a variable stiffness unit 7, a lightweight energy-dissipating material 8, a vertical steel plate 6, an upper top plate 12, and a lower bottom plate 13. The variable stiffness unit 7 is composed of multiple cell structures 1 arranged and combined in the horizontal and vertical directions. The cell structure 1 is composed of multiple concave hexagonal units with inclined angles connected by horizontal and vertical steel plates to form an array with variable stiffness. The connection of the concave hexagonal units is rigid to ensure the overall stability and load-bearing capacity of the structure.

[0029] After the structure undergoes a quasi-static compression test, such as Figure 2 As shown, the structure as a whole deforms. The edges of the concave hexagonal units in each cell structure 1 buckle under stress, leading to a significant change in the overall structural stiffness and thus forming a stable shape. This process also enhances the structural stiffness. The force-displacement curves measured by the quasi-static compression experiment are shown below. Figure 3As shown, the force value in the second stage of the curve is approximately twice that in the first stage, clearly reflecting the variable stiffness characteristics of the structure. This force-displacement curve demonstrates the gradual stiffness change of the structure during the loading process, verifying its excellent impact resistance performance.

[0030] The hollow structure of the variable stiffness unit 7 is filled with lightweight energy-dissipating material 8. The upper top plate 12 and the lower bottom plate 13 are fixed to the top and bottom of the variable stiffness unit 7, respectively. The upper top plate 12 and the lower bottom plate 13 are connected to the vertical steel plate 6 by welds, which ensures the overall stability of the structure and effectively transmits and disperses the impact force. The vertical steel plate 6 is connected to the ultra-high performance concrete panel 2 by shear connectors 5.

[0031] The ultra-high performance concrete panel 2 of this invention possesses excellent impact resistance, effectively dispersing impact force and enabling more internal components to participate in energy dissipation. The variable stiffness unit 7 is filled with lightweight energy-dissipating material 8, which effectively absorbs the impact energy generated during a collision, thereby reducing damage to the structure. The lightweight energy-dissipating material 8 includes lightweight materials such as polyurethane foam (PU), ceramsite, and rubber granules that can absorb and disperse impact energy. The ultra-high performance concrete panel 2 is equipped with vertical reinforcing bars 3 and horizontal reinforcing bars 4, which further enhance the impact resistance of the force-transmitting structure.

[0032] The core component of this bridge anti-ship collision device is the variable stiffness unit 7, which is composed of multiple cell structures 1 arranged laterally and longitudinally. All internal components are rigidly connected to ensure that each unit works collaboratively, thereby enhancing the overall stability of the structure and achieving a collision protection effect with tiered energy dissipation. These units achieve variable stiffness characteristics through buckling deformation of the concave hexagonal edges. In the initial stage of impact, the concave hexagonal units have lower stiffness and can absorb impact energy through edge buckling, thereby reducing the damage to the ship. As the structural stiffness gradually increases during impact, the higher structural stiffness in the later stage ensures the structural stability and integrity of the bridge abutment 11 after the collision, effectively guaranteeing the safety of the bridge.

[0033] The embodiments of this utility model have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this utility model is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations of these embodiments within the scope of the principles and technical concept of this utility model still fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A stepped energy dissipation ship collision protection system based on metamaterial structures, characterized by: It includes an ultra-high performance concrete panel, a stepped energy-dissipating anti-collision layer, a rubber fender, a bridge pier, a bridge abutment, and a bridge pile foundation. The stepped energy-dissipating anti-collision layer is located around the bridge abutment and is connected to the bridge abutment through the rubber fender. An ultra-high performance concrete panel is provided on the outer layer of the stepped energy-dissipating anti-collision layer. The tiered energy-dissipating and impact-resistant layer includes variable stiffness units, lightweight energy-dissipating materials, vertical steel plates, an upper top plate, and a lower bottom plate. The variable stiffness unit is composed of multiple cell structures arranged horizontally and vertically. Each cell structure consists of multiple concave hexagonal units with inclined angles connected by horizontal and vertical steel plates to form an array with variable stiffness. The connections between the concave hexagonal units are all rigid. The hollow structure in the middle of the variable stiffness unit is filled with lightweight energy-dissipating material. The upper top plate and the lower bottom plate are fixed above and below the variable stiffness unit, respectively. The upper top plate and the lower bottom plate are connected to the vertical steel plates by welds. The vertical steel plates are connected to the ultra-high performance concrete panel through shear connectors.

2. A stepped energy dissipation ship collision protection system based on metamaterial structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable stiffness unit is made of steel, composite materials, or aluminum alloy.

3. The tiered energy dissipation anti-ship collision system based on metamaterial structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rigid connection of the concave hexagonal unit is achieved through welding.

4. The tiered energy dissipation anti-ship collision system based on metamaterial structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultra-high performance concrete panel is equipped with vertical and horizontal reinforcing bars.

5. A tiered energy-dissipating anti-ship collision system based on metamaterial structures according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lightweight energy-consuming material is polyurethane foam, ceramsite, or rubber granules.

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