Multifunctional drainage structure for slag yards based on steep slope foundation with overburden layer
By designing a multi-functional drainage system with reinforced concrete open channels and box culverts on the cover layer, the construction difficulties of drainage structures under steep terrain were solved, and the effective drainage and passage capacity for debris flows and floods was realized, improving the stability and management efficiency of the slag yard.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- POWERCHINA HUADONG ENG CORP LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing drainage structures are difficult to meet construction requirements in steep terrain and with deep overburden, and have failed to effectively address the drainage of debris flows and floods, while also having insufficient traffic capacity.
A multifunctional drainage structure based on a steep slope foundation with a cover layer is designed, including a standard section, a transition section, and a passage section. It adopts a reinforced concrete open channel and box culvert structure, combined with anchor bolts, anchor piles, and rubber waterstops to reduce the difficulty of foundation excavation and enhance structural stability and traffic capacity.
While reducing construction difficulty and cost, it ensures smooth drainage of debris flows and floods, improves the adaptability and stability of the drainage structure, and enhances the construction and management efficiency of the slag heap.
Smart Images
Figure CN224281334U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering technology, specifically to a multi-functional guide structure for slag yards based on steep slope foundations with overburden. Background Technology
[0002] In water conservancy and hydropower projects, a large amount of earth and rock excavation is usually involved, and some of the unusable earth and rock is called waste. To avoid the indiscriminate dumping of waste and damage to the soil and water environment, it is generally necessary to set up special waste disposal sites to store this waste. Waste disposal sites are usually located in relatively concave areas in mountainous regions to increase storage capacity. However, most water conservancy and hydropower projects are located in mountainous canyon areas with steep and rugged terrain, complex geological conditions, and relatively concave areas are often accompanied by natural debris flow gullies, flood channels, etc.
[0003] To divert debris flows and floods from the gullies and prevent them from impacting the stability of the spoil heaps, drainage structures are required. Currently, most common drainage structures require relatively gentle slopes and foundation excavation down to the bedrock. However, some projects involve steep terrain with deep overburden layers, making it difficult to meet these conditions, and the accessibility of the drainage structures after completion has not been considered. Utility Model Content
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings in the above-mentioned background technology and provide a multi-functional guide structure for slag yards based on steep slope foundations with a cover layer, which can be implemented in steep terrain, reduces the requirements for foundation conditions, and ensures later traffic capacity.
[0005] The technical solution of this utility model is:
[0006] A multi-functional drainage structure for slag heaps based on a steep slope foundation with a cover layer is characterized by comprising at least one standard section, a transition section, a passage section, and at least one standard section, which are set on a natural ditch on a steep slope and connected sequentially along the slope's downward direction; the standard section and the transition section are open channels with reinforced concrete structures; and the passage section is a box culvert with reinforced concrete structures.
[0007] The open channel includes a bottom slab, a side wall set on the side of the bottom slab near the slope, and a retaining wall set on the side of the bottom slab near the slag yard; the box culvert includes a bottom slab, a side wall set on the side of the bottom slab near the slope, a retaining wall set on the side of the bottom slab near the slag yard, and a top slab set on the side wall and the top of the retaining wall.
[0008] Structural joints are provided between standard sections, between standard sections and transition sections, and between transition sections and passage sections. Rubber waterstops are arranged in the structural joints and asphalt wood boards are used to fill the joints.
[0009] The bottom slope of the standard section and the transition section is less than or equal to 45%; the bottom slope of the passage section is horizontal; the side wall slope of the standard section is 1:1; the side wall slope of the passage section is vertical; the side wall slope of the transition section transitions uniformly from 1:1 to vertical.
[0010] The bottom slab of the open channel and box culvert is provided with a cushion layer, anchor rods and anchor piles; the top of the anchor rods and anchor piles extends into the bottom slab and is welded to the steel bars after being bent, and the bottom ends pass through the cushion layer and are inserted into the cover layer to a certain depth.
[0011] The downstream side of the structural joint is provided with a trapezoidal toothed wall that passes through the padding layer and is embedded in the covering layer.
[0012] The retaining wall of the open channel is equipped with a drainage pipe that is higher on the outside and lower on the inside, and the outer end of the drainage pipe is wrapped with a geotextile bag.
[0013] The outer wall of the retaining wall has a slope of 1:0.3, the inner wall of the retaining wall has a vertical slope, and the outer side of the retaining wall is filled with stone chips.
[0014] The foundation layer is a plain concrete structure, the drainage pipe is a PVC pipe, and the anchor rods and anchor piles are all HRB400 steel bars.
[0015] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0016] This invention addresses the challenges of steep terrain, deep overburden, and difficult access encountered in the construction of spoil heap drainage structures in water conservancy and hydropower projects. It proposes an innovative steep-slope drainage structure. This invention overcomes the reliance of traditional drainage structures on gentle slopes by optimizing structural design, effectively solving stability issues under steep slope conditions. The drainage structure can be constructed on top of the overburden layer without excavating to bedrock, thus improving its adaptability to complex geological conditions and significantly reducing construction difficulty and cost. Furthermore, its location on a significant slope ensures smooth drainage of debris flows and floods, preventing any impact on spoil heap stability. In addition, the structure considers post-construction access needs, improving the construction and management efficiency of spoil heaps. Overall, this invention not only improves the stability and adaptability of drainage structures but also offers significant economic and social benefits, providing a new solution for similar projects. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 This is a top view of the structure of this utility model.
[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along the AA direction.
[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structural seam and toothed wall of this utility model.
[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional structural diagram of the middle BB direction (standard section).
[0021] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional structural diagram in the CC direction (transition section).
[0022] Figure 6 yes Figure 2 Cross-sectional structural diagram of the middle DD direction (passage section).
[0023] In the diagram: 1-Standard section; 2-Transition section; 3-Passage section; 4-Guardrail; 5-Anchor pile; 6-Anchor rod; 7-Base slab; 8-Subbase layer; 9-Tooth wall; 10-Rubber waterstop; 11-Structural joint; 12-Side wall; 13-Excavation slope line; 14-Stone chips; 15-Retaining wall; 16-Geotextile bag; 17-Drainage pipe; 18-Original ground line; 19-Top slab. Detailed Implementation
[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model.
[0025] The principle of this utility model is as follows:
[0026] 1. Using the overburden as the foundation of the drainage structure avoids bedrock excavation, reducing construction difficulty and cost;
[0027] 2. The toothed wall design increases the contact area and friction between the guide structure and the cover layer;
[0028] 3. Anchor piles and anchor rods are installed to provide pull-out resistance for the guide structure;
[0029] 4. The establishment of passage sections ensures the passage capacity of the drainage structure and improves the construction, management and operation efficiency of the slag yard;
[0030] 5. The slope of the passage section was set to horizontal, which reduced the overall slope of the drainage structure;
[0031] 6. Drainage pipes were installed in the retaining walls of the standard section and transition section to reduce the force of the slag on the guide structure;
[0032] 7. The above methods work together to ensure the stability of the drainage structure under steep slope conditions and improve the adaptability of the drainage structure.
[0033] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0034] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown: This utility model provides a multi-functional drainage structure for slag yards based on a steep slope foundation with a cover layer. The drainage structure is arranged in a natural gully (flood gully in a high mountain canyon area) on a steep slope, located on one side of the slag yard, with a cover layer as the foundation and an average thickness of 15m.
[0035] The guide structure includes three structural sections: standard section 1, transition section 2, and passage section 3.
[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the drainage structure is arranged sequentially along the steep slope descent direction, consisting of a standard section, a transition section, a passage section, and another transition section, with these sections connected end-to-end. Specifically: the passage section is located in the middle of the entire drainage structure; the standard sections are located on the upstream and downstream sides of the passage section, with at least one standard section on the upstream side, and adjacent standard sections on the upstream side connecting end-to-end; the downstream side also has at least one standard section, and adjacent standard sections on the downstream side connecting end-to-end; the transition sections connect the passage section with the last standard section on the upstream side and the passage section with the first standard section on the downstream side, respectively. The maximum bottom slope of the standard sections and transition sections is 45%, while the bottom slope of the passage section is horizontal.
[0037] The length of the standard section, transition section, and passage section shall not exceed 15m. Specifically, the length of the standard section can be 10m or 15m, and the length of the transition section and passage section shall be 10m.
[0038] The structure of the standard segment is as follows:
[0039] The standard section includes sidewalls 12, a base slab 7, retaining walls 15, a cushion layer 8, drainage pipes 17, geotextile bags 16, anchor bolts 6, and anchor piles 5. The base slab, sidewalls, and retaining walls constitute the main body of the standard section. The main body of the standard section is an open channel with a reinforced concrete structure. Between the sidewalls and retaining walls is a drainage channel for discharging debris flows and floods.
[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, the base plate is arranged on the overburden layer, the sidewall is located on the side of the base plate near the slope (left side of the figure), and the retaining wall is located on the side of the base plate near the slag heap (right side of the figure). The cross-sectional dimensions of the standard section remain unchanged.
[0041] Drainage pipes are embedded in the retaining wall. The drainage pipes are arranged with an outer higher slope and an inner lower slope, with a slope of 10 degrees. The drainage pipes are arranged in a quincunx pattern with a spacing of 2m×2m between each row. The outer ends of the drainage pipes are wrapped with geotextile bags, which are composed of geotextile wrapped with sand and gravel.
[0042] The slope of the side wall is 1:1. The slope of the outer wall of the retaining wall is 1:0.3, the slope of the inner wall of the retaining wall is vertical, the top width of the retaining wall is 1m, and the outer side of the retaining wall is filled with stone chips 14.
[0043] Below the base slab are a cushion layer, anchor bolts, and anchor piles. The cushion layer is a plain concrete structure. The anchor bolts and anchor piles are arranged perpendicular to the base slab, with their tops extending into half the thickness of the base slab and bent 50cm before being welded to the reinforcing steel in the base slab. The bottom ends of the anchor bolts and anchor piles pass through the cushion layer and insert into the overburden layer to a certain depth. The anchor bolts and anchor piles are arranged in a quincunx pattern, with a row spacing of 2m × 2m. Two rows of anchor piles are arranged on the upstream side, and the rest are anchor bolts.
[0044] The structure of the transition section is as follows:
[0045] The transition section includes sidewalls 12, a base slab 7, a retaining wall 15, a cushion layer 8, drainage pipes 17, geotextile bags 16, anchor bolts 6, and anchor piles 5. The base slab, sidewalls, and retaining walls constitute the main body of the transition section. The main body of the transition section is an open channel with a reinforced concrete structure. Between the sidewalls and retaining walls is a drainage channel for discharging debris flows and floods. The above structure is the same as the standard section, except that:
[0046] The transition section has a variable slope sidewall. The sidewall connecting to the standard section has a 1:1 slope, while the sidewall connecting to the passage section has a vertical slope. The slope in the middle section transitions uniformly from 1:1 to vertical. Therefore, the cross-sectional dimensions of the transition section gradually decrease from the standard section to the passage section. The outer side of the retaining wall is filled with gravel, and the gap between the sidewall and the slope is also filled with gravel.
[0047] The structure of the passageway is as follows:
[0048] The passage section is a special structural section that ensures the drainage structure has the capacity for passage. The passage section includes side walls 12, a base slab 7, retaining walls 15, a top slab 19, a cushion layer 8, railings 4, anchor bolts 6, and anchor piles 5. The base slab, side walls, retaining walls, and top slab constitute the main body of the passage section. The main body of the passage section is a reinforced concrete box culvert. The hollow area inside the box culvert serves as a drainage channel for discharging debris flows and floodwaters. The cross-sectional dimensions of the passage section remain unchanged. The structure of the base slab, retaining walls, cushion layer, anchor bolts, and anchor piles is the same as that of the standard section.
[0049] The slope of the side wall is vertical. The top plate is set on top of the side wall and the retaining wall. The bottom plate, side wall, retaining wall, and top plate form a drainage channel. The outer side of the side wall and the retaining wall is backfilled with stone chips until it is flush with the top plate.
[0050] Two rows of railings, each 1.2m high, are also arranged on the top slab. They are located on the upstream and downstream sides of the passage section, respectively, and are perpendicular to the water flow direction of the drainage channel.
[0051] In the standard section, transition section and passage section: the base plates are connected front to back, the retaining walls are connected front to back, and the side walls are connected front to back. Therefore, the drainage channels of each structural section are connected sequentially from front to back to form channels for discharging debris flows and floods.
[0052] Structural joints 11 are also provided between adjacent structural sections, namely, structural joints between standard sections, between standard sections and transition sections, and between transition sections and passage sections. The width of the structural joint is 20mm, and a 30cm wide rubber waterstop 10 is arranged in the structural joint, and 2mm thick asphalt wood board is used to fill the joint.
[0053] A toothed wall 9 is arranged on the downstream side of each structural joint. The toothed wall is set on the bottom surface of the base plate of the standard section, transition section and passage section and is parallel to the structural joint. The cross-section of the toothed wall is trapezoidal. The toothed wall passes through the pad layer and is embedded in the cover layer to a certain depth (50cm). The angle between the toothed wall facing the upstream side and the cover layer is 135 degrees, and the angle between the toothed wall facing the downstream side and the cover layer is 90 degrees.
[0054] In the standard section, transition section, and passage section: the subbase is a plain concrete structure with a thickness of 10cm; the drainage pipe is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 100mm; the anchor rods and anchor piles are all HRB400 steel bars with lengths of 6m and 9m respectively; the concrete grade of the passage section is C30, and the concrete grade of the standard section and transition section is C25; the sidewall thickness is 60cm; the bottom slab thickness of the standard section and transition section is 100cm, and the bottom slab thickness of the passage section is 50cm; the wall thickness of the box culvert is 50cm; the minimum flow dimension of the drainage channel is 4m×3m (bottom×height).
[0055] The construction method of this utility model shall be carried out in the following steps:
[0056] S1. Preliminary preparation: Clear the natural gullies, remove vegetation, humus, garbage, etc. in the natural gullies, and provide conditions for setting out;
[0057] S2. Surveying and setting out: Conduct surveying and setting out according to the layout of the guide structure, and mark the excavation range line;
[0058] S3. Excavation: Based on the layout of each structural section, the foundation surface and slope of the guide structure are excavated mainly by backhoe excavators and supplemented by manual excavation. The slope is 1:1 and leveled.
[0059] S4. Anchoring construction: Lay out and mark the locations of anchor piles and anchor rods; drill holes at the locations of anchor piles and anchor rods, insert the pre-processed and bent anchor piles and anchor rods, and inject cement grout;
[0060] S5. Subbase construction: After the cement slurry strength meets the requirements, lay the subbase on the excavated foundation surface; after the subbase concrete strength meets the requirements, excavate the toothed wall groove.
[0061] S6. Main Construction:
[0062] Tie the reinforcing bars of the passage section and weld them to the anchor piles and anchor rods. Reserve rubber waterstops in the structural joints. The distance between the rubber waterstops and the inner flow surface of the guide structure is 10cm. Erect the formwork and pour the concrete. After the concrete strength meets the requirements, remove the formwork and install the railings.
[0063] Complete the reinforcement binding of the transition section and standard section in sequence and weld them with anchor rods and anchor piles. Reserve rubber waterstops and drainage pipes, erect formwork, pour concrete and remove formwork. Wrap geotextile bags around the exposed pipe openings of the drainage pipes and fix them.
[0064] S7. Backfilling construction: Fill the structural joints with asphalt wood boards, level the joint surface, and backfill both sides of each structural section with stone chips until they are flush with the top and compact them.
[0065] S8. Construction completed, with drainage capacity.
[0066] The technical requirements for the above-mentioned construction methods, such as overburden excavation, anchor bar and anchor pile installation, rebar tying, formwork erection and dismantling, concrete pouring, and stone slag filling, shall be in accordance with general technical standards.
[0067] The above specific embodiments are used to explain and illustrate the present utility model, and are only preferred embodiments of the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made to the present utility model within the spirit and protection scope of the claims shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A multi-functional slag discharge structure based on a steep slope foundation with a cover layer, characterized in that: It includes at least one standard section (1), a transition section (2), a passage section (3), and at least one standard section, which are set on the overburden layer of a natural gully on a steep slope and connected sequentially along the slope descent direction; the standard section and the transition section are open channels with reinforced concrete structures; the passage section is a box culvert with reinforced concrete structures.
2. The multifunctional drainage structure for slag heaps based on steep slope foundation with overburden layer as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The open channel includes a bottom slab (7), a side wall (12) set on the side of the bottom slab near the slope, and a retaining wall (15) set on the side of the bottom slab near the slag yard; the box culvert includes a bottom slab (7), a side wall (12) set on the side of the bottom slab near the slope, a retaining wall (15) set on the side of the bottom slab near the slag yard, and a top slab (19) set on the top of the side wall and the retaining wall.
3. The multifunctional drainage structure for slag heaps based on steep slope foundation with overburden layer as described in claim 2, characterized in that: Structural joints (11) are provided between standard sections, between standard sections and transition sections, and between transition sections and passage sections. Rubber waterstops (10) are arranged in the structural joints and asphalt wood boards are used to fill the joints.
4. The multifunctional drainage structure for slag dumps based on steep slope foundation with overburden layer as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom slope of the standard section and the transition section is less than or equal to 45%; the bottom slope of the passage section is horizontal; the side wall slope of the standard section is 1:1; the side wall slope of the passage section is vertical; the side wall slope of the transition section transitions uniformly from 1:1 to vertical.
5. The multifunctional drainage structure for slag dumps based on steep slope foundation with overburden layer as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom slab of the open channel and the box culvert is provided with a cushion layer (8), anchor rods (6) and anchor piles (5); the top of the anchor rods and anchor piles extends into the bottom slab and is welded to the steel bars after bending, and the bottom ends pass through the cushion layer and are inserted into the cover layer to a certain depth.
6. The multifunctional drainage structure for slag dumps based on steep slope foundation with overburden layer as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The downstream side of the structural joint is provided with a trapezoidal toothed wall (9) that passes through the padding layer and is embedded in the covering layer.
7. The multifunctional drainage structure for slag dumps based on steep slope foundation with overburden layer as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The retaining wall of the open channel is equipped with a drainage pipe (17) that is higher on the outside and lower on the inside, and the outer end of the drainage pipe is wrapped with a geotextile bag (16).
8. The multifunctional drainage structure for slag dumps based on steep slope foundation with overburden layer as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The outer wall of the retaining wall has a slope of 1:0.3, the inner wall of the retaining wall has a vertical slope, and the outer side of the retaining wall is filled with stone chips.
9. The multifunctional drainage structure for slag dumps based on steep slope foundation with overburden layer as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The foundation layer is a plain concrete structure, the drainage pipe is a PVC pipe, and the anchor rods and anchor piles are all HRB400 steel bars.