Hole protecting device for open blasting hole

Abstract

The hole protecting device comprises a protective cylinder and a protective hopper, one end of a cylinder body of the protective cylinder is inserted into the blast hole, the outer wall of the cylinder body is tightly attached to the inner wall of the blast hole, and the other end of the cylinder body is provided with a positioning step aligned with an orifice of the blast hole; the protection bucket seals a casing body at the end, located at a blast hole opening, of the casing, the bottom of the protection bucket is a positioning funnel embedded with the end of the casing, the conical outer wall of the positioning funnel is provided with a plurality of segmented elastic clamping plugs distributed in a stepped mode in the axial direction, and the positioning funnel is embedded with an opening in the end of the casing in an extruding mode through one segment of the segmented elastic clamping plug. And the elastic clamping plugs are abutted against the end part of the pile casing through steps between the segmented elastic clamping plugs. The protective cylinder and the protective hopper are of a split structure, the protective hopper can be well matched with the protective cylinders of various sizes, the use cost of the hole protecting device is reduced, efficient hole opening protection of the open blasting hole is achieved, charging construction of the blast hole can be assisted, and reliability and safety of open blasting hole construction are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a hole protection device for open-pit blasting boreholes, belonging to the category of auxiliary tools for blasting construction in geotechnical engineering. Background Technology

[0002] In mining and construction blasting projects, orifice protection measures are crucial for ensuring blasting effectiveness and construction safety. Traditional orifice protection methods often employ simple coverings or temporary borehole plugs, which are ineffective in preventing debris generated during blasting from falling into the borehole, causing blockage, affecting subsequent charging operations and blasting results, and increasing construction costs due to time-consuming and labor-intensive cleanup work. Secondly, existing orifice protection devices do not consider rainy season scenarios; when rain falls, rainwater carrying debris can easily seep into the borehole along the inner wall of the casing, causing the explosives to become damp and ineffective.

[0003] Chinese patent application CN2023235449167 discloses a borehole wall protection device for open-pit mines, comprising a fixing member surrounding the borehole opening and a wall protection member nested within the borehole to form a mating fit with the fixing member. The wall protection member cooperates with a sealing member, such that when the sealing member is installed on the wall protection member, the sealing member and the wall protection member form an interference fit, thereby protecting the borehole. This borehole wall protection device achieves the functions of protecting the inner wall of the borehole and waterproofing the borehole through the cooperation of the cylindrical wall protection member and the conical sealing member. However, this solution still has the following shortcomings:

[0004] (1) Depending on the size of the borehole, cylindrical structures of different diameters are required as wall protection components. At the same time, conical structures of corresponding sizes are required to be used as sealing components to match the wall protection components. There is a compatibility problem between wall protection components and sealing components of different sizes. Each time, a sealing component of the corresponding size needs to be selected for different wall protection components, which leads to a complex matching between the wall protection components and sealing components of the borehole.

[0005] (2) Since the cylindrical structure of the protective wall component is inserted into the borehole, the plugging component needs to be removed during the charging process, and an auxiliary charging structure needs to be set up to connect with the protective wall component for charging. This increases the number of charging tools and operation steps, and the plugging component is easily lost in the multi-bore charging operation.

[0006] (3) The sealing component is inserted into the cylindrical structure of the wall-protecting component only through a conical structure. The conical surface and the cylindrical inner cavity of the cylindrical structure cannot form a stable and reliable positioning structure, which makes the sealing component easy to be inserted at an angle relative to the cylindrical structure, resulting in poor sealing between the sealing component and the wall-protecting component. Moreover, the sealing component only seals the cylindrical structure through a cone that is slightly larger than the cross-section of the wall-protecting component. In the event of rain, rainwater can still drip down and wet the sealing component, and then enter the blast hole through the gap between the two. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem solved by this utility model is to provide a hole protection device for open-pit blasting holes that has better protection effect and is more convenient to use, in response to the above-mentioned problems existing in the existing open-pit blasting hole protection process.

[0008] This utility model is achieved using the following technical solution:

[0009] A protective device for an open-pit blasting borehole includes a protective cylinder 1 and a protective bucket 2. One end of the cylinder of the protective cylinder 1 is inserted into the borehole, the outer wall of the cylinder is in close contact with the inner wall of the borehole, and a positioning step 12 is provided at the other end of the cylinder to align with the opening of the borehole.

[0010] The hopper 2 seals the casing at one end of the casing 1 located at the borehole opening. The bottom of the hopper is a positioning funnel 22 that fits into the end of the casing. The conical outer wall of the positioning funnel 22 is provided with a number of segmented elastic plugs 221 arranged in a stepped manner along the axial direction. All segmented elastic plugs 221 are coaxial with the positioning funnel. The outer diameter of the segmented elastic plugs increases stepwise from the small end to the large end of the positioning funnel. The positioning funnel 22 is squeezed and fitted into the end opening of the casing through one of the segmented elastic plugs 221, and abuts against the end of the casing through the steps between the segmented elastic plugs.

[0011] In the hole protection device for open-pit blasting boreholes of this utility model, the segmented elastic plug 221 has a conical outer wall, with its small end having a clearance fit with the corresponding end opening of the protective casing, and its large end having an interference fit with the corresponding end opening of the protective casing.

[0012] In a hole protection device for an open-pit blasting borehole according to the present invention, the end of the protective casing 1 that is connected to the protective bucket is provided with a positioning protrusion ring 121 extending along the inner wall of the borehole of the casing. The step of the positioning funnel 22 that abuts against the end of the protective casing is provided with a stepped groove 222. When the end of the protective casing 1 abuts against the large end of the segmented elastic plug, the positioning protrusion ring 121 on it is inserted into the stepped groove 222.

[0013] In the hole protection device for open-pit blasting holes of this utility model, the stepped groove 222 is further provided with an elastic opening buckle 223. The elastic opening buckle 223 adopts a metal spring clip buckle to press the positioning protrusion 121 inserted into the stepped groove 222.

[0014] In the hole protection device for open-pit blasting holes of this utility model, preferably, the segmented elastic plug 221 is made of rubber.

[0015] In the hole protection device for open-pit blasting holes of this utility model, the protective bucket 2 is further provided with a flow guide 24 on the outer side of the large end of the positioning funnel 22. The flow guide 24 is umbrella-shaped and extends the protective surface of the positioning funnel 22 outward.

[0016] In the hole protection device for open-pit blasting boreholes of this utility model, the flow guide shroud 24 is further provided with a flow guide groove 241.

[0017] In a hole protection device for an open-pit blasting borehole according to the present invention, the inner part of the protective bucket 2 is provided with a charging chamber 21 that is connected to the large end of the positioning funnel 22, and the top of the protective bucket 2 is provided with an openable top cover 23 to seal the charging chamber 21.

[0018] In a hole protection device for an open-pit blasting borehole according to the present invention, the top cover 23 is further connected to the top of the protective bucket 2 by a magnetic snap or an elastic snap.

[0019] In the hole protection device for open-pit blasting holes of this utility model, the outer wall of the protective bucket 2 is further provided with a fluorescent coating.

[0020] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] (1) The casing and the bucket of the borehole protection device are installed separately. The positioning funnel of the bucket is equipped with segmented elastic plugs with different outer diameters to match the casings with different inner diameters. This improves the compatibility of the bucket with casings of different sizes. The bucket and casing are designed to be separate. The bucket can be separated from the casing and recycled before blasting, which reduces the cost of the borehole protection device, reduces material waste, and achieves effective utilization of resources. The bucket and casing are easy to install and disassemble without complicated tools or equipment, which greatly improves construction efficiency.

[0022] (2) The positioning funnel of the hopper forms a stepped structure between the adjacent two-stage segmented elastic plugs, which abuts against the end of the casing, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the coaxial assembly between the hopper and the casing; the segmented elastic plugs adopt a conical outer wall, and use the conical inclined surface to wedge tightly with the opening of the casing, thereby ensuring the sealing between the hopper and the casing; and a stepped groove is set between the segments of the elastic plugs, and the elastic open buckle is used to further clamp and fix the hopper and the casing, improving the reliability of the installation between the hopper and the casing.

[0023] (3) The inside of the protective bucket is hollow, with a charging chamber that connects to the positioning funnel. The top of the protective bucket is equipped with an openable top cover. While the protective bucket can seal and protect the borehole opening, it can also use the funnel structure that expands the charging space to assist in charging the inside of the borehole, thus expanding the function of the borehole protection device.

[0024] (4) A flow guide is installed on the outside of the bucket to actively divert and drain the rain falling on the bucket to the outside, reducing the probability of open-pit blasting holes being flooded during rainy weather.

[0025] (5) A fluorescent coating is applied to the outer wall of the protective bucket to enhance the visibility of the blast hole in low light conditions such as at night, which significantly improves the visibility of the protective device at the blasting drilling site and prevents construction personnel from accidentally stepping on it and causing the device to shift or be damaged.

[0026] In summary, the hole protection device for open-pit blasting boreholes provided by this utility model adopts a split structure. The protective bucket has good compatibility with multi-diameter protective casings, reducing the usage cost of the hole protection device, realizing efficient borehole protection for open-pit blasting boreholes, and assisting in borehole charging construction, thereby improving the reliability and safety of open-pit blasting borehole construction.

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the hole protection device in Embodiment 1.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the hole protection device in Embodiment 1.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the protective bucket in Example 1.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of the positioning funnel of the hole protection device in Embodiment 2.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning installation between the positioning funnel and the protective cylinder in Example 2.

[0033] Numbering on the map:

[0034] 1-Casing, 11-Casing body, 12-Positioning step, 121-Positioning protrusion ring;

[0035] 2-Guard bucket, 21-Powder loading chamber, 22-Positioning funnel, 221-Segmented elastic plug, 222-Stepped groove, 223-Elastic opening buckle, 23-Top cover, 231-Top cover handle, 24-Flow guide, 241-Flow guide groove, 25-Top cover buckle;

[0036] 3-Borehole. Detailed Implementation

[0037] Example 1

[0038] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3The illustrated hole protection device is a specific real-time solution for the protection of open-pit blasting boreholes according to this utility model. The hole protection device includes two parts: a protective cylinder 1 and a protective bucket 2, which are installed separately. The protective cylinder 1 includes a cylinder body 11 and a positioning step 12. One end of the cylinder body 11 of the protective cylinder 1 is inserted into the blast hole 3. For blast holes 3 with different diameters, a protective cylinder 1 with a corresponding outer diameter cylinder body is selected. The outer wall of the cylinder body 11 is in close contact with the inner wall of the blast hole 3 to protect the inner wall of the blast hole and prevent sand and gravel from falling to the bottom of the blast hole. The positioning step 12 is an annular flange set at the end of the cylinder body 11, forming an annular step on the outer wall of the cylinder body 11. The outer diameter of the positioning step 12 is larger than the diameter of the blast hole. After the cylinder body 11 is inserted into the blast hole 3, the protective cylinder 1 is limited by the positioning step 12 and the blast hole opening, positioning the cylinder body in the blast hole and aligning the end of the cylinder body with the blast hole opening.

[0039] The hopper 2 seals the casing at one end of the casing 1 located at the borehole opening. The bottom of the hopper is a positioning funnel 22 that fits into the end of the casing. The positioning funnel 22 has a conical outer wall with an elastic structure. The hopper 2 achieves a sealed connection by pressing and fitting the conical outer wall of the positioning funnel into the opening at the end of the casing. The outer wall of the positioning funnel 22 is made of rubber. The sealing connection between the outer wall of the positioning funnel 22 and the casing is achieved by the elastic deformation of the conical outer wall, similar to the sealing principle of a rubber sealing ring. The positioning funnel and the casing achieve an elastic interference fit solely through the compression deformation between the conical funnels. The positioning funnel is inserted into the borehole of the casing through the interference fit between its conical outer wall and the casing. Disassembly and separation from the casing can be achieved by pulling the positioning funnel 22 outwards from its larger end.

[0040] The protective bucket 2 has a flow guide shroud 24 on the outer side of the large end of the positioning funnel 22. The flow guide shroud 24 has a positive conical slope and is arranged in an umbrella shape on the outer side of the protective bucket, extending the protective surface of the positioning funnel 22 outward and increasing the protective surface of the protective bucket 2 for the gun hole. The flow guide shroud 24 is provided with a flow guide groove 241, specifically as follows: Figure 3 The enlarged schematic diagram shows that the flow guide groove 241 is arranged radially along the conical surface of the flow guide cover 24. During rainfall, the flow guide groove 241 on the flow guide cover 24 diverts and guides the rainwater flowing across the surface of the flow guide cover 24, preventing rainwater from accumulating along the outer edge of the flow guide cover and flowing into the blast hole protected below.

[0041] In this embodiment, the protective bucket 2 is a hollow bucket body. Inside the protective bucket 2, above the positioning funnel 22, is a charging chamber 21. The charging chamber 21 is connected to the large end of the positioning funnel 22. The top of the protective bucket 2 is provided with an openable top cover 23 to seal the charging chamber 21, ensuring the protection of the inside of the gun hole by the protective bucket 2.

[0042] The top cover 23 is connected to the top of the protective container 2 via a top cover buckle 25, which can be a magnetic snap or a flexible snap. A sealing ring is also provided between the top cover 23 and the top of the protective container 2 to ensure the waterproof sealing of the top of the protective container. A top cover handle 231 with a protruding edge is also provided on one side of the top cover 23 for easy opening and closing of the top cover 23.

[0043] The outer wall of the protective bucket 2 is equipped with a fluorescent coating. The fluorescent coating can be applied by spraying fluorescent paint onto the outer wall of the protective bucket or by attaching fluorescent strips. The protective bucket with the fluorescent coating improves the visibility of the hole protection device in low-light environments such as at night, avoiding damage to the hole protection device. At the same time, it can also serve as a positioning mark for the blast hole, which is beneficial for blasting hole construction in low-light environments such as at night.

[0044] The casing 1 is made of PLA + natural fiber composite plastic, which is an environmentally friendly plastic material with advantages such as light weight, low cost, and corrosion resistance. More importantly, this material can naturally degrade after blasting, requiring no additional treatment steps, reducing environmental impact and meeting green environmental protection requirements.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] See Figure 4 and Figure 5 The illustration shows a further positioning funnel 22 used in the borehole protection device of this embodiment. Unlike Embodiment 1, the positioning funnel 22 in this embodiment has three stepped elastic plugs 221 arranged axially along its conical outer wall. All the segmented elastic plugs 221 are coaxial with the positioning funnel, and the outer diameter of the segmented elastic plugs increases progressively from the small end to the large end of the positioning funnel. The positioning funnel 22 is pressed and fitted into the end opening of the casing by one of the segmented elastic plugs 221, and abuts against the end of the casing through the steps between the segmented elastic plugs. In practical applications, the inner diameter of the casing 1 selected according to the borehole diameter can be graded, and several inner diameters of casings within adjacent spans can be selected to set several segmented elastic plugs 221 on the positioning funnel 22. At least two segmented elastic plugs 221 of different sizes can enable the positioning funnel 22 to be assembled with casings 1 of different inner diameters. That is, one funnel 2 can be matched with more than two sizes of casings 1, improving the adaptability of the funnel 2 to boreholes of different diameters. The segmented elastic plugs 221 with different outer diameters form a circular step. When the hopper 2 is installed on the casing 1, the positioning funnel 22 abuts against the end of the casing opening through the step between the segmented elastic plugs 221, which can ensure reliable coaxial assembly between the positioning funnel 22 and the casing 1.

[0047] Specifically, each segmented elastic plug 221 in this embodiment has a conical outer wall, which is made of rubber, just like the conical outer wall of the positioning funnel in the embodiment. Its small end is clearance-fitted with the corresponding end opening of the protective cylinder, and its large end is interference-fitted with the corresponding end opening of the protective cylinder. The small end of the segmented elastic plug ensures that it can be quickly aligned and inserted into the end opening of the protective cylinder. As the outer diameter of the conical outer wall of the segmented elastic plug gradually increases, it is wedge-fitted with the end opening of the protective cylinder through the conical inclined surface.

[0048] To further improve the connection reliability between the hopper 2 and the casing 1, this embodiment also provides a positioning protrusion ring 121 extending along the inner wall of the opening of the casing at one end of the casing 1 that connects to the hopper. The inner wall of the positioning protrusion ring 121 extends from the inner wall of the casing and its thickness is less than the width of the positioning step between the segmented elastic plugs on the positioning funnel. The step that abuts against the end of the casing at the positioning funnel 22 is provided with a step groove 222. The step groove 222 is a circular groove set along the step surface and is coaxially set with the segmented elastic plugs. Its size matches the positioning protrusion ring 121. While the end of the casing 1 abuts against the large end of the segmented elastic plug, the positioning protrusion ring 121 on it can be further inserted into the step groove 222. The insertion and cooperation of the positioning protrusion ring 121 and the step groove 222 achieves a more stable fit between the hopper 2 and the casing 1. An elastic opening buckle 223 is also provided in the stepped groove 222. The opening of the buckle faces downward and is opposite to the positioning protrusion ring. The elastic opening buckle 223 is a metal spring buckle. During the process of inserting the protective bucket 2 into the protective cylinder 1, the segmented elastic plug 221 on the positioning funnel 22 is inserted into the inner hole at the end of the cylinder 11 of the protective cylinder 1 until the positioning protrusion ring 121 pushes the elastic opening buckle 223 open and inserts it into the stepped groove 222. The elasticity of the elastic opening buckle 223 clamps the positioning protrusion ring 121 inserted into the stepped groove 222 until the positioning stepped surface of the segmented elastic plug 221 abuts against the end face of the protective cylinder 1.

[0049] The remaining features of the protective bucket 2 and the protective cylinder 1 in this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1. The structural features of this part will not be described in detail here. In practical applications, the positioning funnel 22 structure in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 can be used to realize the assembly between the protective bucket 2 and the protective cylinder 1.

[0050] The hole protection devices in Examples 1 and 2 include the following stages in the open-pit blasting process:

[0051] Preparation Phase: First, the structure and materials of the borehole protection device need to be inspected to ensure that the casing 1 is complete in size and undamaged. After the blast hole drilling is completed, clean up the gravel and soil around the borehole to ensure that the borehole opening is clean and tidy so that the borehole protection device can be correctly installed.

[0052] Installation Phase: When installing the borehole protector, select a casing 1 corresponding to the borehole diameter. Vertically insert the casing 11 into the borehole, ensuring that the positioning step 12 at the end of the casing 11 completely covers the borehole opening and is securely placed on the borehole wall to prevent collapse. Confirm that the casing 11 is firmly installed in the borehole and will not shift or tilt due to external factors. Next, place the hopper 2 at the end opening of the casing 11 and press down on the positioning funnel 22 of the hopper 2 to ensure a tight connection between the positioning funnel 22 and the casing 11. When encountering boreholes of different diameters, the operator can use different outer diameter conical surfaces or different segmented elastic plugs on the positioning funnel 22 to form an interference fit with the end opening of the casing 11, ensuring a tight seal.

[0053] Loading Stage: When loading explosives into the borehole, first open the top cover 23 of the casing 2, and carefully fill the borehole with explosives through the inner cavity of the charging chamber 21 and the positioning funnel 22, ensuring that the explosives are evenly distributed within the borehole and meet design requirements. After loading the explosives, fill the borehole again with appropriate packing material, such as sand or special packing material, through the inner cavity of the charging chamber 21 and the positioning funnel 22 to ensure that the explosives are fully compacted, thereby improving the blasting effect and safety. If the borehole is to be blasted immediately after packing, the casing 2 can be removed, leaving only the casing 1 inside the borehole. If the borehole is not to be blasted immediately, the casing 2 can still be installed on the casing 1 to protect the borehole.

[0054] Recovery Phase: After dismantling the bucket 2, inspect the disassembled bucket 2's positioning funnel 22 and top cover 23 for damage, and clean and repair as necessary. Simultaneously, clean up any remaining gravel and soil around the blast hole opening, ensuring the opening is restored to its original condition. Properly store the disassembled bucket 2's positioning funnel 22 for future use. Because the bucket 2 employs a reusable design, these components can be reused in subsequent blasting operations, reducing long-term costs.

[0055] In this document, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "vertical", and "horizontal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the purpose of clarifying the technical solution and for the convenience of description, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present utility model.

[0056] In this document, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, which includes not only the elements listed but also other elements not expressly listed.

[0057] The above are merely specific embodiments of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A hole protection device for open-pit blasting boreholes, characterized in that: It includes a protective casing (1) and a protective bucket (2). One end of the casing (1) is inserted into the blast hole, the outer wall of the casing is close to the inner wall of the blast hole, and a positioning step (12) is provided at the other end of the casing to align with the opening of the blast hole. The hopper (2) closes the casing at one end of the casing (1) located at the borehole opening. The bottom of the hopper is a positioning funnel (22) that fits into the end of the casing. The conical outer wall of the positioning funnel (22) is provided with a number of segmented elastic plugs (221) arranged in a stepped manner along the axial direction. All segmented elastic plugs (221) are coaxial with the positioning funnel. The outer diameter of the segmented elastic plugs increases step by step from the small end to the large end of the positioning funnel. The positioning funnel (22) is squeezed and fitted into the end opening of the casing through one of the segmented elastic plugs (221), and abuts against the end of the casing through the steps between the segmented elastic plugs.

2. The hole protection device for open-pit blasting boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The segmented elastic plug (221) has a tapered outer wall, with its small end having a clearance fit with the corresponding end opening of the protective sleeve, and its large end having an interference fit with the corresponding end opening of the protective sleeve.

3. The hole protection device for open-pit blasting boreholes according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end of the protective sleeve (1) that connects to the protective bucket is provided with a positioning protrusion ring (121) extending along the inner wall of the opening of the sleeve. The positioning funnel (22) that abuts against the end of the protective sleeve is provided with a stepped groove (222). When the end of the protective sleeve (1) abuts against the large end of the segmented elastic plug, the positioning protrusion ring (121) on it is inserted into the stepped groove (222).

4. The hole protection device for open-pit blasting boreholes according to claim 3, characterized in that: The stepped slot (222) is provided with an elastic open buckle (223), which is a metal spring buckle that presses the positioning protrusion (121) inserted into the stepped slot (222).

5. A hole protection device for open-pit blasting boreholes according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The segmented elastic plug (221) is made of rubber.

6. The hole protection device for open-pit blasting boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective bucket (2) has a flow guide shroud (24) on the outer side of the large end of the positioning funnel (22). The flow guide shroud (24) is umbrella-shaped and extends the protective surface of the positioning funnel (22) outward.

7. A hole protection device for open-pit blasting boreholes according to claim 6, characterized in that: The flow guide shroud (24) is provided with a flow guide groove (241).

8. The hole protection device for open-pit blasting boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective bucket (2) has a charging cavity (21) inside which is connected to the large end of the positioning funnel (22). The top of the protective bucket (2) is provided with an openable top cover (23) to seal the charging cavity (21).

9. A hole protection device for open-pit blasting boreholes according to claim 8, characterized in that: The top cover (23) is connected to the top of the protective bucket (2) by a magnetic snap or an elastic snap.

10. A hole protection device for open-pit blasting boreholes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer wall of the protective bucket (2) is provided with a fluorescent coating.

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