A residual current operated protector with special wave function

Abstract

This utility model discloses a residual current operated protector with special wave function, relating to the field of residual current protection. It includes: a power supply unit for acquiring signals using a metering chip, detecting voltage information, smoothing the voltage, and outputting low-voltage DC power to achieve power management; a main control unit for acquiring current signals, identifying and analyzing the current signals, obtaining status detection results, and outputting an operation protection command based on the detection results; a trip coil control unit for executing a power-off protection operation according to the operation protection command output by the main control unit; and an LCD display unit for displaying the status information of the operated protector. This utility model achieves accurate detection and protection against special waves through high-frequency sampling, harmonic analysis, and a fast tripping mechanism, realizing the synergistic optimization of high-frequency signal processing and the metering chip, and overcoming the limitations of traditional protectors in harmonic scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of residual current protection, and more specifically, to a residual current operated protector with special wave function. Background Technology

[0002] Residual current refers to the current in a circuit that is not normally used by the load. It is usually caused by insulation failure, equipment leakage, or line damage, resulting in current leakage to the ground wire or other unexpected paths. It is a core monitoring indicator for electrical safety and is directly related to the risk of electric shock and fire hazards.

[0003] The function of the special wave protector is to identify and separate the ground current generated by direct electric shock to the human body using digital circuits. The waveform of the human body contact current is constrained by the resistance characteristics of the human body. The human body impedance is a complex electrical network. Under normal conditions, it mainly depends on the skin impedance. Due to physiological reasons, after the human body is shocked, the skin impedance is a time-varying network in a very short time (about 2 to 3 current wave cycles). Its resistance value changes from large to small, and then it becomes a non-time-varying network. This characteristic of skin impedance determines that the current flowing through the human body has a periodic function characteristic of increasing for a period of time at the beginning and then stabilizing. The initial contact current waveform is defined as a special waveform.

[0004] The basic working principle of a residual current device (RCD) is based on the differential principle of current. It can detect the presence of leakage by comparing the difference between the phase current and the neutral current in the circuit. When leakage occurs, some current does not return through the normal circuit, but leaks through the human body, the ground, or other unsafe paths, resulting in an imbalance between the phase current and the neutral current. The RCD compares the difference between these two currents. If the difference exceeds a set threshold, the RCD will immediately trip and cut off the circuit to protect people from electric shock.

[0005] However, existing residual current circuit breakers with special wave function still have a false alarm rate during use, limited anti-interference capability, and unreasonable design of operational amplification, filtering, and level matching, which can easily lead to sensitive but inaccurate situations. Furthermore, when they rely too much on the main control system, if the main control chip malfunctions or the program freezes, it may affect the reliability of the leakage protection action.

[0006] No effective solutions have yet been proposed to address the problems in the relevant technologies. Utility Model Content

[0007] In view of the problems in the related technologies, this utility model proposes a residual current operated protector with special wave function to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the existing related technologies.

[0008] Therefore, the specific technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0009] A residual current operated protective device with special wave function includes: a power supply unit for acquiring signals using a metering chip, detecting voltage information, smoothing the voltage, and outputting low-voltage DC power to achieve power management function; a main control unit for acquiring current signals, identifying and analyzing the current signals, obtaining status detection results, and outputting an operation protection command based on the detection results; a trip coil control unit for executing a power-off protection operation according to the operation protection command output by the main control unit; and an LCD display unit for displaying the status information of the protective device.

[0010] Preferably, the power supply unit includes: an AC-DC power module for preprocessing the voltage and outputting low-voltage DC power according to the processing result; a DC-DC module for converting the input power into multiple low-voltage DC power supplies to power each module; a voltage sampling module for proportionally reducing the AC voltage to a safe range to achieve voltage detection; a supercapacitor charging and discharging module for providing backup power when the main power supply fails, ensuring the normal operation of the main control unit and the trip coil control unit; and a backup power circuit module for maintaining power supply operation through the supercapacitor charging and discharging module when the main power supply fails.

[0011] Preferably, the main control unit includes: a main control circuit power supply module for processing the operating status of each unit of the controller using a chip; a main control clock circuit module for providing a clock signal to ensure timing synchronization between the main control chip and each unit; a main control storage circuit module for initializing the storage device and loading configuration parameters and historical data; a metering current sampling circuit module for acquiring current signals and converting the current into voltage signals for input to the metering chip module; a metering chip module for calculating electrical energy parameters; a leakage current sampling circuit module for detecting the status information of the residual current based on the calculation results of the electrical energy parameters and outputting detection information based on the detection results; and a protection current sampling module for inputting the detection information of the residual current to the main control chip to trigger protection logic.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0013] The residual current operated protector proposed in this utility model achieves accurate detection and protection against special waves through high-frequency sampling, harmonic analysis, and fast tripping mechanism. It can adapt to the complex harmonic environment in modern power systems, improve the safety of equipment and personnel, realize the synergistic optimization of high-frequency signal processing and metering chips, and solve the limitations of traditional protectors in harmonic scenarios. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an AC-DC power supply module in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the DC-DC power supply module in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a voltage sampling module in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a supercapacitor charging and discharging module in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0020] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the backup power supply circuit module in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the SWIM single-bus interface in the power module of the main control circuit of a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0022] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the MCU in the power module of the main control circuit of a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the main control clock circuit module in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0024] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the main control storage circuit in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 11This is a schematic diagram of a metering current sampling circuit module in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0026] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of a metering chip module in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0027] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a leakage current sampling circuit module in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0028] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the protection current sampling module in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0029] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the trip coil control unit in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0030] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the 458 communication unit in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0031] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the trip coil control unit in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0032] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of an AC motor control unit in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0033] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the key control circuit unit in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0034] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of a button test circuit unit in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0035] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary switching circuit unit in a residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0036] In the picture:

[0037] 1. Power supply unit; 2. Main control unit; 3. Tripping coil control unit; 4. LCD display unit. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To further illustrate the various embodiments, the present invention provides accompanying drawings, which are part of the disclosure of the present invention. These drawings are mainly used to illustrate the embodiments and can be used in conjunction with the relevant descriptions in the specification to explain the operating principles of the embodiments. With reference to these contents, those skilled in the art should be able to understand other possible implementation methods and the advantages of the present invention. The components in the figures are not drawn to scale, and similar component symbols are usually used to represent similar components.

[0039] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a residual current operated protector with special wave function is provided.

[0040] The present invention will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the residual current operated protector with special wave function according to an embodiment of this utility model includes a power supply unit 1, which is used to perform signal acquisition operation using a metering chip to realize voltage information detection, and smooth the voltage to output low-voltage DC power to realize power management function; a main control unit 2, which is used to acquire current signal, identify and analyze current signal, obtain status detection result, and output action protection command according to the detection result; a trip coil control unit 3, which is used to execute power-off protection operation according to the action protection command output by the main control unit 2; and an LCD display unit 4, which is used to display the status information of the operated protector; one end of the power supply unit 1 is connected to one end of the main control unit 2, the other end of the main control unit 2 is connected to one end of the trip coil control unit 3, and the LCD display unit 4 is connected to the power supply unit 1, the main control unit 2 and the trip coil control unit 3 respectively.

[0041] In one embodiment, the power supply unit 1 includes an AC-DC power module for preprocessing the voltage and outputting the voltage as low-voltage DC power according to the processing result.

[0042] like Figure 2As shown, the specific AC-DC power module includes varistor RP1, varistor RP2, varistor RP3, resistor R13, resistor R14, resistor R18, resistor R19, diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, diode D4, diode D5, diode D6, diode D7, diode D8, resistor R1, diode D12, resistor R3, resistor R10, resistor R4, transistor Q1, diode D13, capacitor C1, diode D14, resistor R7a, resistor R7b, chip IC1, transformer BT1, resistor R6, capacitor C4, resistor R2, capacitor C3, diode D9, resistor R5, resistor R8, and diode D11. Diodes D15 and D16, resistors R9 and D10, capacitors C2, C6, and C12, inductor L1, capacitors C11, C9, and C13, resistors Rt9 and Rt10; one end of resistor R13 is connected to one end of varistor RP1, and the other end of resistor R13 is connected to one end of resistor R18 and one end of diode D1. The other end of varistor RP1 is connected to one end of varistor RP2, one end of varistor RP3, and one end of resistor R19. The other end of varistor RP2 is connected to one end of resistor R14, and the other end of varistor RP3 is connected to one end of resistor R18. The other end of resistor R18... One end of resistor R19 is connected to the other end of diode D5; the other end of diode D1 is connected to one end of diodes D2, D3, and D4, and one end of resistor R1; the other end of diode D2 is connected to one end of resistor R14 and one end of diode D6; the other end of diode D3 is connected to one end of resistor R18 and one end of diode D7; the other end of diode D4 is connected to one end of resistor R19 and one end of diode D8; the other ends of diodes D5, D6, D7, and D8 are all connected to one end of diode D12 and capacitor D5. One end of C1, one end of resistor R7a, one end of resistor R7b, the eighth pin of chip IC1, one end of resistor R6, one end of capacitor C4, and the fifth pin of transformer BT1 are connected; the other end of resistor R1 is connected to one end of diode D13, the second pin of transistor Q1, and one end of resistor R3; the other end of resistor R3 is connected to one end of resistor R10; the other end of resistor R10 is connected to one end of resistor R4; the other end of resistor R4 is connected to the first pin of transistor Q1, one end of diode D14, and one end of diode D12; the other end of diode D13 is connected to the third pin of transistor Q1, one end of diode D14, and one end of capacitor C1.Pins 6 and 5 of chip IC1 are connected to one end of resistor R2, one end of capacitor C3, and the first pin of transformer BT1, respectively. Pin 1 of chip IC1 is connected to one end of resistor R8 and one end of capacitor C4, respectively. Pin 3 of chip IC1 is connected to one end of resistor R6 and one end of resistor R5, respectively. Pin 4 of chip IC1 is connected to the other ends of resistors R7a and R7b, respectively. The other end of resistor R5 is connected to one end of diode D11 and the third pin of transformer BT1, respectively. The other end of resistor R8 is connected to the other end of diode D11, respectively. Pin 6 of transformer BT1 is connected to one end of resistor R9, one end of diode D16, and one end of diode D10, respectively. Connect the following: pin 7 of transformer BT1 is grounded; pin 9 of transformer BT1 is connected to one end of diode D15; the other end of diode D15 is connected to one end of capacitor C2; the other end of resistor C9 is connected to one end of capacitor C6; the other end of capacitor C6 is connected to one end of L1, one end of capacitor C12, and the other end of diode D10; the other end of capacitor C12 is connected to one end of capacitor C11 and grounded; the other end of capacitor C11 is connected to the other end of inductor L1, one end of capacitor C9, one end of capacitor C13, one end of resistor Rt9, and one end of resistor Rt10; the other ends of capacitor C9, capacitor C13, resistor Rt9, and resistor Rt10 are all grounded.

[0043] It needs to be explained that the AC 220V input voltage is first converted into pulsating DC by diodes, then passed through an input filter module and a chopper module, and finally smoothed by a filter capacitor to obtain a relatively stable DC voltage. The high-voltage DC is then converted into a high-frequency pulse signal by a power chip and transformer, and after rectification and filtering, a stable low-voltage +12V DC is output. The AC-DC power module possesses typical functions such as input rectification, filtering, step-down, isolation, voltage regulation, and protection. The working principle of the entire circuit will be comprehensively analyzed below. The input terminal of the AC-DC power module is first connected to the AC power through a protection network composed of varistors RP1, RP2, and RP3. The varistors are mainly used to prevent surges. Voltage absorption prevents transient high voltage from damaging downstream components. Next, resistors R13, R14, R18, and R19, along with rectifier diodes D1-D4 and D5-D8, form a bridge rectifier circuit. This bridge converts the input AC power into pulsating DC power. The rectified output is filtered by capacitor C1 to remove high-frequency ripple and provide a relatively stable DC voltage. The rectified voltage is then sent to a set of control and drive circuits: a startup circuit and control switch structure composed of resistor R1, diodes D12, D13, and D14, and transistor Q1, power the IC during startup and control the current path. Whether transistor Q1 is turned on or off is affected by the bias of its base control terminal, thus affecting the initial operating state of the power module. After the module starts up, the RC network consisting of capacitor C1, resistors R7a and R7b provides a stable power supply path and simultaneously supplies power to the PWM control chip IC1. Inside the control chip IC1, based on the operating status information (such as output voltage and current) received from the feedback circuit (e.g., resistors R6, R5, R8, capacitors C4 and C3 connected to its pins), it outputs a PWM pulse signal (drive signal) to the external power switching circuit, thereby controlling the conduction and cutoff of transformer BT1. Transformer BT1 is a key isolation step-down component. Its primary winding receives high-frequency switching pulses controlled by the IC, and through magnetic coupling, generates an induced voltage on the secondary winding. Multiple windings on the secondary side of BT1 provide multiple voltage output paths. For example, the sixth winding of BT1... After rectification by D16 and D10, the pin output is fed into an LC filter network consisting of capacitors C6, C12, C11, C9, C13 and inductor L1 to further smooth the output voltage and eliminate switching noise. This LC filter ensures a stable low-voltage DC output. Meanwhile, another secondary winding forms another output filter through D15 and C2. Multiple output channels may be used to supply different loads or for feedback control. The feedback loop is composed of devices such as D11, R5, and R8, which returns the output voltage status to the control input of IC1. In addition, resistors Rt9 and Rt10 and related capacitors form a detection circuit for overvoltage, overcurrent, or temperature protection to ensure the safe operation of the entire power module.

[0044] A DC-DC module is used to convert the input power into multiple low-voltage DC power supplies to power each module; specifically, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the DC-DC module includes: diode D7, capacitors C1 and C2, chip IC7, and capacitor C3. Chip IC7 is the control center of the entire DC-DC module. It detects the input voltage and output feedback voltage, and controls the on / off state of the internal switching transistors through internal PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) logic. It controls the output voltage by adjusting the duty cycle of the switch, ensuring a constant low output voltage unaffected by input voltage and load fluctuations. When the internal switch is on, current flows from the input terminal through the switch closure. When the switch is off, the energy in the inductor continues to supply power to the load through the freewheeling diode D7, maintaining continuous current and preventing output interruption. IC7 continuously monitors the output voltage and adjusts the PWM duty cycle based on the error amplifier output to regulate the output voltage. C1 is the input filter capacitor, used to suppress voltage jitter or spikes in the input power supply; C2 is the output filter capacitor, responsible for smoothing the output voltage and reducing ripple; C3 is the output bypass capacitor, further improving stability. D7 provides a current path to prevent drastic voltage fluctuations across the inductor.

[0045] The voltage sampling module is used to proportionally reduce the AC voltage to a safe range to achieve voltage detection. Specifically, for example... Figure 4As shown, the voltage sampling module includes: resistors Rv18, Rv28, Rv1, Rv2, Rv3, Rv4, Rv14, Rv15, Rv8, Rv7, Rv6, Rv5, Rv30, Rv20, Rv22, Rv31, Rv9, Rv10, Rv11, Rv12, Rv16, and Rv19; among which... One end of resistor Rv18 is connected to one end of resistor Rv20 and one end of resistor Rv22 respectively. The other end of resistor Rv18 is connected to one end of resistor Rv28. The other end of resistor Rv28 is connected to one end of resistor Rv1. The other end of resistor Rv1 is connected to one end of resistor Rv2. The other end of resistor Rv2 is connected to one end of resistor Rv3. The other end of resistor Rv3 is connected to one end of resistor Rv4. The other end of resistor Rv4 is connected to one end of resistor Rv14. One end is connected; the other end of resistor Rv14 is connected to one end of resistor Rv15, one end of resistor Rv16, and one end of resistor Rv19 respectively and grounded; the other end of resistor Rv15 is connected to one end of resistor Rv8; the other end of resistor Rv8 is connected to one end of resistor Rv7; the other end of resistor Rv7 is connected to one end of resistor Rv6; the other end of resistor Rv6 is connected to one end of resistor Rv5; the other end of resistor Rv5 is connected to one end of resistor Rv30; the other end of resistor Rv30 is connected to one end of resistor Rv20; the other end of resistor Rv22 is connected to one end of resistor Rv31; the other end of resistor Rv31 is connected to one end of resistor Rv9; the other end of resistor Rv9 is connected to one end of resistor Rv10; the other end of resistor Rv10 is connected to one end of resistor Rv11; the other end of resistor Rv11 is connected to one end of resistor Rv12; the other end of resistor Rv12 is connected to one end of resistor Rv16.

[0046] It needs to be explained that the voltage sampling module uses a series high-precision resistor divider to proportionally reduce the AC voltage to a safe range. This is then combined with a dedicated metering chip to acquire the signal and achieve voltage detection. A pure resistive voltage divider network is used to proportionally reduce the AC voltage signal, thus transforming the originally high-voltage, unsafe signal into a low-voltage signal that can be safely sampled or processed (e.g., fed into microcontrollers, ADCs, operational amplifiers, etc.). The main series path consists of resistors Rv18→Rv28→Rv1→Rv2→Rv3→Rv4→Rv14. This series resistor chain progressively divides the entire input AC voltage. This path is the most important voltage drop channel; the high voltage is attenuated to a low voltage through this path. The final resistor, Rv14, is connected to ground. The resistors (Rv15, Rv16, Rv19) form a possible balancing or regulating resistor group, and may also form a sampling output node. Rv20 and Rv22 are led out from Rv18 and connected in parallel with the main path to form a secondary voltage divider branch. These branches continue to be connected in series with Rv30, Rv31, Rv9 to Rv12, etc., and finally grounded, forming a coupling closed loop with the main path at Rv16 and Rv14. The final voltage sampling signal is most likely taken from one end of Rv15 or Rv16, or the voltage difference between the two as the sampling output, so that the sampling voltage is a strictly linear scaling ratio of the original high voltage. Since all paths are composed of resistors, the final output is usually connected to circuits with high input impedance such as ADC to achieve accurate measurement.

[0047] The supercapacitor charging and discharging module provides backup power when the main power supply fails, ensuring the normal operation of the main control unit 2 and the trip coil control unit 3. Figure 5As shown, the supercapacitor charging and discharging module includes diode D3, chip U2, resistors R80, R81, R75, R75a, and capacitor CF. It should be explained that, based on the structure you provided, the core function of the supercapacitor charging and discharging module is to provide backup power to the main control unit 2 and the trip coil control unit 3 through the supercapacitor energy storage system when the main power supply fails. The main power supply provides power input to this module through a voltage regulator or voltage limiting module (not listed here). The power supply voltage charges the supercapacitor CF through current-limiting resistors R75 and R75a. The current-limiting resistors prevent excessive charging current and protect circuit components. Resistors R80 and R81 form a voltage divider network, reducing the voltage across CF to a safe reference voltage, which is fed back to chip U2 to determine whether charging is complete or to initiate protection. Diode D3 is not conducting during this stage (it is reverse biased) to prevent the capacitor voltage from leaking back to the main power line. When the main power supply fails, the power input voltage drops. U2 detects the failure of the main power supply and controls the internal or external channel to conduct, forming a discharge path from the supercapacitor to the main control unit 2 and the trip coil control unit 3. Diode D3 conducts, becoming a unidirectional conduction path for CF discharge, preventing current backflow and protecting the system stability. The supercapacitor CF uses its stored electrical energy to provide DC voltage support to the load (main control unit 2 and trip coil control unit 3) through D3, maintaining its stable operation for a short period of time.

[0048] The backup power circuit module is used to maintain power supply operation through the supercapacitor charging and discharging module in the event of a main power failure, such as... Figure 6As shown, the backup power supply circuit module includes resistors R58, R49, R58, capacitors C33 and C11, resistor R60, operational amplifier IC6, diodes Q15, Q11, and DZ, resistor R62, transistor Q10, resistor CR5, resistors R63 and R64, and capacitor C33. It should be explained that the function of the backup power supply circuit module is to continue supplying power to critical parts of the system through the power provided by the supercapacitor charging and discharging module when the main power supply fails. When the main power supply is normal, the main power supply reaches the input terminal of the backup power supply module. The resistor network (such as R49, R58, and R60) forms a voltage divider sampling circuit for detecting the main power supply voltage at the input terminal of IC6 operational amplifier. Operational amplifier IC6 can be configured as a voltage comparator to determine whether the main power supply voltage is higher than a certain set threshold (such as 12V, 5V, etc.). If the main power supply voltage is normal, the output control logic of IC6 keeps the supercapacitor path closed. At this time... Transistor Q10 in the supercapacitor path is not conducting and is powered by the main power supply. Meanwhile, capacitors C11 and C33 filter and stabilize the voltage, suppressing ripple. Diodes Q15 and Q11 may act as anti-reverse current protection components to prevent the main power supply and supercapacitor from interfering with each other. When the main power supply voltage drops, it is detected by the resistor divider network and fed back to op-amp IC6. When the voltage drops below the threshold, the output of IC6 flips, and the output high or low level (depending on the configuration) controls transistor Q10 to conduct. After Q10 conducts, a power supply path is formed from the supercapacitor output terminal → Q10 → backup load. At the same time, Zener diode DZ can play a protective role. If the supercapacitor voltage is too high, it clamps and protects critical components such as IC6 or Q10. Diodes Q11 and Q15 form a "two-choice" power supply channel, and current can flow in only one direction (from the main power supply or the supercapacitor). The filter capacitors C11 and C33 at the output terminal continue to provide stable power supply capability and smooth out voltage fluctuations when the load starts.

[0049] One end of the AC-DC power module is connected to one end of the voltage sampling module, the other end of the AC-DC power module is connected to one end of the DC-DC module, the other end of the DC-DC module is connected to one end of the supercapacitor charging and discharging module, and the other end of the supercapacitor charging and discharging module is connected to one end of the backup power circuit module.

[0050] In one embodiment, the main control unit 2 includes: a main control circuit power supply module, used to process the operating status of each unit of the controller using a chip, such as... Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the main control circuit power module includes a SWIM single-bus interface and an MCU. The SWIM single-bus interface includes resistor R11, operational amplifier Q2, capacitor C18, chip J1, capacitors C13, C14, C15, and C17. The MCU includes resistors R11, R13, R14, R15, R16, and chip IC1. It should be noted that the core function of the main control circuit power module is to control the various units of the controller through the MCU (microcontroller unit) and the SWIM single-bus interface. The module manages and monitors the operating status of the unit. Its working principle can be summarized as follows: the SWIM single bus interface is responsible for communicating with external devices and transmitting control commands or status data. The MCU, as the core processor, parses the commands and coordinates the operation of each unit. The SWIM single bus interface consists of resistor R11, operational amplifier Q2, capacitor C18, chip J1, and multiple filter capacitors (C13-C15, C17). Among them, R11 is used for signal impedance matching or current limiting, and Q2 is used as a signal conditioning amplifier to enhance the driving capability of communication signals or suppress noise. Chip J1 (a communication interface chip or level converter) is responsible for protocol conversion, ensuring compatibility between single-bus signals (such as STMicroelectronics' SWIM protocol) and the MCU. Capacitors C13-C17 are used for power supply decoupling and signal filtering to suppress high-frequency interference and ensure communication stability. The MCU part is based on chip IC1, and works with an external resistor network (Rz1, R13-R16) to implement function configuration and signal processing. Rz1 is a pull-up / pull-down resistor to set the default logic level of the MCU. R13-R16 are used for I / O port current limiting, reset circuit configuration or analog signal sampling voltage division. The MCU parses the instructions of the SWIM interface through its internal program logic, monitors the power status in real time (such as voltage sampling module data), and controls the start-up, shutdown and switching of units such as the DC-DC module and backup power supply.

[0051] The main control clock circuit module provides clock signals to ensure timing synchronization between the main control chip and each unit, such as... Figure 9As shown, the main control clock circuit module includes capacitor C39, capacitor C40, crystal resonator X1, diode D1, diode D2, capacitor C41, and battery BAT. It should be explained that the main control clock circuit module uses an STM32G070RB series chip to handle the operation of various functional units of the controller and human-machine interaction functions. Its core function is to generate a high-precision clock signal through crystal resonator X1 and peripheral circuits to ensure the timing synchronization of the main control chip and each unit. Crystal resonator X1, along with capacitors C39 and C40, constitute a Pierce oscillator circuit, utilizing the piezoelectric effect of the crystal to generate a stable oscillation frequency (such as 8MHz, 16MHz, etc.). Capacitors C39 and C40 are used for load matching, adjusting the oscillation frequency accuracy and suppressing harmonics. Diodes D1 and D2 serve as protective devices to prevent power fluctuations or electrostatic discharge (ESD) from damaging the crystal. Capacitor C41 is used for power filtering to reduce clock circuit noise. Battery BAT serves as a backup power source, maintaining continuous clock signal output (such as an RTC real-time clock) when the main power supply is interrupted.

[0052] The main control storage circuit module is used to initialize the storage device and load configuration parameters and historical data; such as Figure 10 As shown, the main control storage circuit module includes chip IC2a ​​and chip IC2. The main control storage circuit module works in concert with chip IC2a ​​and chip IC2 to achieve reliable storage and fast retrieval of system data. When powered on, the main control chip sends an initialization command sequence through serial buses such as I2C and SPI. IC2a ​​is responsible for storing basic configuration parameters and firmware information, while IC2 serves as a large-capacity memory for recording operation logs and historical data. A block storage strategy is adopted, with IC2a ​​storing frequently accessed key parameters and IC2 storing periodically recorded operation data. The main control chip controls read and write operations through address decoding and chip select signals.

[0053] The current sampling circuit module is used to acquire current signals and convert them into voltage signals, which are then input to the metering chip module. Figure 11As shown, specifically, the current metering sampling circuit module includes: chip JP7, resistors Rc1, Rc2, Rc3, Rc4, Rc5, Rc6, Rc7, Rc8, Rc9, Rc10, Rc11, Rc12, capacitors Cc1, Cc2, Cc3, Cc4, Cc5, Cc6, Rc14, Rc15, Rc16, Rc17, Rc18, Rc19, and capacitors Cc7, Cc8, Cc9, Cc10, and Cc1. 1. Capacitor Cc12; Pin 6 of chip JP7 is connected to one end of resistor Rc1 and one end of resistor Rc2, the other end of resistor Rc1 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc1, the other end of Rc2 is connected to one end of Rc3, the other end of capacitor Cc1, and one end of capacitor Cc2 and grounded, the other end of resistor Rc3 is connected to pin 5 of chip JP7 and one end of resistor Rc4, the other end of resistor Rc4 is connected to the other end of capacitor Cc2; pin 4 of chip JP7 is connected to one end of resistor Rc5 and one end of resistor Rc6, the other end of resistor Rc5 is connected to capacitor Cc12. One end of C3 is connected; the other end of resistor Rc6 is connected to one end of resistor Rc7, the other end of capacitor Cc3, and one end of capacitor Cc4, and grounded; the other end of capacitor Cc4 is connected to one end of resistor Rc8; the other end of resistor Rc8 is connected to the other end of resistor Rc7 and the third pin of chip JP7; the second pin of chip JP7 is connected to one end of resistor Rc9 and one end of resistor Rc10; the other end of resistor Rc9 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc5; the other end of resistor Rc10 is connected to one end of resistor Rc11, the other end of capacitor Cc5, and one end of capacitor Cc6, and grounded. One end of capacitor Cc6 is grounded, and the other end of capacitor Cc6 is connected to one end of resistor Rc12. The other end of resistor Rc12 is connected to the other end of resistor Rc11 and the first pin of chip JP7. One end of resistor Rc14 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc7 and grounded. One end of resistor Rc15 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc8 and grounded. One end of resistor Rc16 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc9 and grounded. One end of resistor Rc17 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc10 and grounded. One end of resistor Rc18 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc11 and grounded. One end of resistor Rc19 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc12 and grounded.

[0054] It should be explained that the metering current sampling circuit module converts the current signal into a stable voltage signal through the JP7 chip and its surrounding precision resistor and capacitor network, allowing the metering chip to accurately sample and process it. The main function of the JP7 chip is to differentially amplify the weak voltage signals from multiple current channels and output them to the metering chip. Multiple RC networks form a precise current-to-voltage conversion and filtering channel. Rc1 to Rc12 and Cc1 to Cc6 form three similar input-stage signal conditioning circuits, each converting the current signal from the current transformer or shunt into a differential voltage signal, which enters pins six to one of the JP7. The resistor network achieves linear attenuation and voltage conversion of the current signal, while capacitors Cc1 to Cc6 filter out high-frequency interference and electromagnetic noise, ensuring signal purity and time-domain stability. The subsequent Rc14 to Rc19 and Cc7 to Cc12 form a grounding filter network, providing additional filtering support to the amplifier power supply or analog reference, further improving the system's anti-interference capability and sampling accuracy.

[0055] The metering chip module is used to calculate electrical energy parameters, such as... Figure 12As shown, specifically, the metering chip module includes chip U9, capacitors Cc13, C21, Cc17, Cc18, Cc19, C46, ​​C47, resistors R66, Rc20, Rc21, and CR22, diode LED2, crystal resonator X2, capacitors C44, Cc14, and Cc15; pins 34 and 41 of chip U9 are both connected to one end of capacitor Cc13, and the other end of capacitor Cc13 is grounded; pin 5 of chip U9 is respectively connected to... One end of capacitor Cc18 and one end of capacitor C21 are connected, and the other ends of capacitors Cc18 and C21 are both grounded; pin 26 of chip U9 is connected to resistor Rc20, pin 40 of chip U9 is connected to one end of resistor Rc21, the other end of resistor Rc21 is connected to one end of diode LED2, and the other end of diode LED2 is grounded; pin 1 of chip U9 is connected to one end of resistor Rc22 and one end of capacitor Cc17, and the other end of capacitor Cc17 is grounded; pin 35 of chip U9... Pin 36 of chip U9 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc18. Pin 36 of chip U9 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc19. The other ends of capacitors Cc18 and Cc19 are both connected to pin 24 of chip U9 and grounded. Pin 42 of chip U9 is connected to one end of resistor R66, one end of crystal resonator X2, and one end of capacitor Cc46. The other end of resistor R66 is connected to pin 43 of chip U9, the other end of crystal resonator X2, and one end of capacitor C47. The other end of capacitor C47 is connected to... The other end of 46 and one end of crystal resonator X2 are grounded. The forty-fourth, twenty-third and thirty-third pins of chip U9 are grounded. The thirty-ninth pin of chip U9 is connected to one end of capacitor C44 and one end of capacitor Cc14, and the other ends of capacitor C44 and Cc14 are grounded. The twelfth and eighteenth pins of chip U9 are connected to one end of capacitor Cc15, and the other end of capacitor Cc15 is connected to the fifteenth pin of chip U9 and grounded. The eighth and eleventh pins of chip U9 are grounded.

[0056] It should be explained that the core function of the metering chip module is to calculate electrical energy parameters. Chip U9 is the core processing unit of this module, which performs signal processing and calculation through internal circuitry and external components. Pins 34 and 41 of chip U9 are connected to capacitor Cc13 for signal decoupling and power supply stabilization, preventing power supply noise from affecting signal accuracy. Pin 5 of chip U9 is connected to capacitors Cc18 and C21; these capacitors are used for filtering, reducing the impact of high-frequency noise and ensuring the purity of the input signal. Pin 26 is connected to other parts of the circuit through resistor Rc20 for sampling current or voltage signals, performing data conversion, and transmitting the data to the processing unit. Pin 40 is connected to resistor... Rc21 is connected, and resistor Rc21 and diode LED2 form an indicator circuit to display certain working statuses or fault alarms. When LED2 is lit, it indicates the system's working status to the user. The first pin is connected to resistor Rc22 and capacitor Cc17. Capacitor Cc17 further filters the signal to ensure stability. Pins 35 and 36 of chip U9 are connected to capacitors Cc18 and Cc19, which play an important role in clock synchronization and signal amplification. Crystal resonator X2 works together with capacitors C46 and C47 to provide a stable clock signal, ensuring accurate data calculation within the chip. The stable output of crystal resonator X2 is crucial for the timing accuracy of the entire metering module. Pin 42 is connected to resistor R66, crystal resonator X2, and capacitor Cc46. Resistor R66 may be used for load regulation of the clock circuit to ensure the stability of the resonator frequency. C46 and C47 are used as filter capacitors to stabilize the clock signal and avoid errors caused by clock fluctuations. Pins 44, 23, and 33 are grounded to provide a stable reference voltage and basic power supply. Pin 39 is connected to capacitors C44 and Cc14 to continue decoupling filtering and ensure a clean and stable power supply. Pins 12 and 18 are connected to capacitor Cc15 to further optimize signal integrity and noise reduction capabilities and enhance calculation accuracy. Through the combined action of these capacitors, crystal resonator, and resistor network, chip U9 can accurately calculate electrical parameters such as current and voltage and transmit the calculation results to the upper-level system or display device.

[0057] The leakage current sampling circuit module is used to detect the residual current status information based on the calculation results of electrical energy parameters, and output detection information based on the detection results, such as... Figure 13As shown, the leakage current sampling circuit module includes chip JP3, resistors Rs0 and R1, capacitor C0, resistors R36 and R35, operational amplifier IC5C, and resistor Rv1. The first pin of chip JP3 is connected to one end of resistor Rs0 and one end of resistor R1, respectively. The second pin of chip JP3 is grounded. The other end of resistor Rs0 is connected to one end of C0 and grounded. The other end of capacitor C0 is connected to the other end of resistor R1 and one end of resistor R36, respectively, and grounded. The other end of resistor R36 is connected to one end of resistor R35 and the ninth pin of operational amplifier IC5C, respectively. The 10-pin terminal is grounded. The 8th pin of the operational amplifier IC5C is connected to the other end of resistor R35 and one end of resistor Rv1, respectively. It should be explained that the core function of the leakage current sampling circuit module is to determine whether there is a leakage current in the system by sampling, filtering, and amplifying the residual current signal, and outputting a corresponding detection signal for alarm or protection action. Chip JP3 is a leakage current transformer interface chip or differential mode current sensor. Its first pin is connected to resistors Rs0 and R1 to receive the primary voltage conversion of the leakage current signal. Rs0 acts as a sampling resistor, converting the leakage current detected by the transformer into a weak voltage signal. R1 and C0 form an RC filter network, effectively filtering out high-frequency interference and improving signal purity and reliability. The second pin of chip JP3 is grounded, providing a reference for signal acquisition. The filtering effect of capacitor C0 extends to R1 and R36 connected to it, forming a two-stage low-pass filter structure to further optimize the spectral response of the residual current signal. Resistor R36 is connected to resistor R35 and the ninth pin of operational amplifier IC5C, forming a non-inverting amplification input channel. The tenth pin of IC5C is grounded as the inverting input reference, thus constructing a single-ended input, ground-referenced amplifier structure. The eighth pin is the IC5C's... The output terminal is connected to the other end of R35 and resistor Rv1 for feedback regulation and subsequent signal transmission. R35 forms a negative feedback network in IC5C, which determines the voltage amplification factor, while Rv1 acts as a load or current limiting element to output the amplified voltage signal to the detection system or main control unit. The leakage signal is sampled and cleaned by the precision resistors and filter capacitors in the front stage. The signal is amplified and enhanced by the operational amplifier in the subsequent stage, thereby achieving sensitive detection of weak residual current and outputting a corresponding voltage signal to determine whether there is a leakage fault, ensuring that the system has fast response and high-precision leakage protection capabilities.

[0058] The protection current sampling module is used to input the residual current detection information to the main control chip to trigger the protection logic; such as Figure 14As shown, the protection current sampling module includes: chip JP4, rectifier bridge B1, resistor R53, capacitor CR1, resistor R47, capacitor C30, resistor R48, operational amplifier IC5D, resistor R29, rectifier bridge B2, resistor R50, capacitor CR2, resistor R51, capacitor C31, resistor R52, operational amplifier IC5A, resistor R30, rectifier bridge B3, resistor R57, capacitor CR3, resistor R55, capacitor C32, resistor R56, operational amplifier IC5B, and resistor R31; the sixth and fifth pins of chip JP4 are connected to the first and second pins of rectifier bridge B1, respectively. The third pin is connected to the third pin of rectifier bridge B2 and the third pin of rectifier bridge B3 respectively. The fourth pin of rectifier bridge B1 is connected to one end of resistor R35 and one end of capacitor CR1 respectively. The other end of resistor R53 is connected to one end of resistor R47 and one end of capacitor C30 respectively, and the other end of capacitor C30 is connected to the other end of capacitor CR1 and grounded. The other end of resistor R47 is connected to one end of resistor R48 and the thirteenth pin of operational amplifier IC5D respectively. The other end of resistor R48 is connected to the fourteenth pin of operational amplifier IC5D and one end of collector resistor R29 respectively. The twelfth pin of operational amplifier IC5D is grounded. Pins 4 and 3 of JP4 are connected to pins 1 and 2 of rectifier bridge B2, respectively. Pin 4 of rectifier bridge B2 is connected to one end of resistor R50 and one end of capacitor CR2. The other end of resistor R50 is connected to one end of resistor R51 and one end of capacitor C31, and the other end of capacitor C31 is connected to the other end of capacitor CR2 and grounded. The other end of resistor R51 is connected to one end of resistor R52 and one pin of operational amplifier IC5A. The other end of resistor R52 is connected to one end of collector resistor R30 of operational amplifier IC5A. Pin 3 of operational amplifier IC5A is grounded. The first and second pins of JP4 are connected to the second and first pins of rectifier bridge B2, respectively. The fourth pin of rectifier bridge B3 is connected to one end of resistor R57 and one end of capacitor CR3. The other end of resistor R57 is connected to one end of resistor R55 and one end of capacitor C32. The other end of capacitor C32 is connected to the other end of capacitor CR3 and grounded. The other end of resistor R55 is connected to one end of resistor R56 and the sixth pin of operational amplifier IC5B. The other end of resistor R56 is connected to the seventh pin of operational amplifier IC5B and one end of collector resistor R31. The fifth pin of operational amplifier IC5B is grounded.

[0059] It needs to be explained that the core function of the protection current sampling module is to rectify, filter, and amplify the residual current signal from the leakage current sampling module or the system current monitoring section, ultimately converting it into a voltage signal recognizable by the main control chip to trigger the corresponding protection logic, thereby achieving rapid response and protection action to fault current. It uses chip JP4 as its input interface, with multiple pins connected to three rectifier bridges B1, B2, and B3. These bridges perform full-wave rectification of AC leakage current signals from three different phases or circuits. The rectified outputs of B1, B2, and B3 are respectively connected to a filter network composed of resistors R53, R50, and R57 and capacitors CR1, CR2, and CR3, further smoothing the pulsating DC signal after rectification to obtain a stable voltage waveform for subsequent processing. Each filtered signal is connected to a resistor divider via series current-limiting resistors R47, R51, and R55. R48, R52, and R56 form a signal conditioning network, which is then fed into the corresponding operational amplifiers IC5D, IC5A, and IC5B for comparison or amplification. Pins 13 and 14 of IC5D are connected to the input network formed by R47 and R48, respectively, and pin 12 is grounded as a reference level. Pin 12 of the output terminal feeds the signal back to the main control system. A similar structure appears repeatedly in IC5A and IC5B. In IC5A, pins 2 and 1 are inputs, and pin 3 is grounded; in IC5B, pins 6 and 7 are inputs, and pin 5 is grounded. The above three sets of operational amplifier structures may form a comparator or amplifier. Based on the relationship between the input signal and the set reference level, it determines whether there is leakage current exceeding the threshold and outputs high / low level or analog voltage signal. All amplified outputs finally enter the main control chip to trigger protection actions such as power failure and alarm.

[0060] One end of the main control circuit power module is connected to one end of the power supply unit 1, and the other end of the main control circuit power module is connected to one end of the main control clock circuit module, the main control storage circuit module, the metering current sampling circuit module, the metering chip module, the leakage current sampling circuit module and the protection current sampling module, respectively.

[0061] like Figure 15As shown, in one embodiment, the trip coil control unit 3 includes a diode D13, a resistor R28, a capacitor C16, a diode D14, a chip JP2, a resistor R32, a transistor Q2, a capacitor C19, and a resistor R33. One end of the diode D13 is connected to one end of the resistor R28, and the other end of the resistor R28 is connected to one end of the capacitor C16, one end of the diode D14, and the second pin of the chip JP2. The other end of the capacitor C16 is grounded, and the other end of the diode D14 is connected to the first pin of the chip JP2 and the first pin of the transistor Q2. The second pin of the transistor Q2 is connected to one end of the resistor R32, one end of the capacitor C19, and one end of the resistor R33. The third pin of the transistor Q2 is connected to the other end of the capacitor C19 and the other end of the resistor R33 and is grounded.

[0062] It should be explained that the main function of the trip coil control unit 3 is to control the action of the trip coil. It is usually used in electrical protection equipment. When the current or voltage exceeds the set threshold, the protection mechanism is triggered, such as disconnecting the circuit. The trip coil control unit 3 forms a circuit for signal processing, amplification and control of current output through the cooperation of diodes, transistors and components such as resistors and capacitors. Diode D13 is used to limit the reverse flow of current to avoid circuit damage. One end of it is connected to resistor R28 to form a current path. The other end of resistor R28 is connected to capacitor C16. The function of the capacitor is to filter and remove high-frequency noise in the current to ensure signal stability. The other end of capacitor C16 is grounded to ensure the stability of the circuit reference level. At the same time, the other end of resistor R28 is also connected to diode D14 and the second pin of chip JP2. Diode D14 acts as a protective element to prevent damage to the circuit due to excessive current. Its other end is also connected to the first pin of chip JP2 and the base (first pin) of transistor Q2. Chip JP2 and transistor Q2 constitute the signal amplification and control section. When chip JP2 receives an input signal from the current sampling circuit or voltage signal, it processes the input signal according to the set operating state and drives the base of transistor Q2. Transistor Q2 acts as a switching element, turning on or off after receiving a control signal from chip JP2. When transistor Q2 is on, current flows through resistor R32, capacitor C19, and capacitor... Resistor R33 flows to ground, thus controlling the trip coil. Capacitor C19 charges and discharges during this process, helping to smooth the current signal and prevent excessive instantaneous current from impacting the circuit. Resistors R32 and R33 are used to control the current through transistor Q2, ensuring the coil receives an appropriate drive current. The network of capacitor C19 and resistor R33 in series helps stabilize the switching behavior of the transistor and prevents overshoot or other instability. When the current or voltage reaches a certain threshold, chip JP2 and transistor Q2 work together to trigger the trip coil, thereby realizing the circuit's protection function, such as disconnecting the power supply or triggering an alarm.

[0063] like Figure 16 As shown, in one embodiment, the LCD display unit 4 is used to display the status information of the actuator. The LCD display unit 4 includes: resistors Rd9, Rd10, Rd11, Rd12, and Rd18; diode BL; transistor Qb0; resistor Rd17; capacitor Cb9; chip LCD1; capacitor Cb4; and capacitor Cb2. The main function of the LCD display unit 4 is to display the status information of the actuator. It uses a series of discrete components and a control chip to form a driving and display circuit, realizing intuitive visualization of information such as voltage, current, and fault status. Chip LCD1 is... The core controller of this module is used to drive the row and column scanning signals, voltage levels, and data content output required for the LCD screen display. It typically integrates display driving logic and communication interfaces. Resistors Rd9, Rd10, Rd11, Rd12, and Rd18 form a voltage divider and current limiting network to regulate the signal level transmitted from the main control system to LCD1, protect the chip input from overvoltage breakdown, and also participate in the adjustment of LCD contrast or backlight circuit. Resistor Rd17 and transistor Qb0 form a switch control circuit. The conduction state of transistor Qb0 is controlled by the main control chip to control the opening and closing of the LCD's backlight diode BL. When Qb0 is turned on, current flows from the power supply through BL and Qb0 to ground, forming a closed loop that illuminates the backlight, making the LCD screen visible in low-light environments. Capacitor Cb9, acting as a decoupling capacitor, is connected between the power supply line and ground to filter out power ripple and high-frequency interference, ensuring stable power supply to the LCD1 chip. Capacitors Cb4 and Cb2 are used for filtering in the data or drive signal path, suppressing high-frequency noise generated by the main control chip or LCD driver, improving display stability, and preventing screen flicker or abnormal data display.

[0064] It should be noted that the residual current operated protector with special wave function also includes a 485 communication unit, an AC motor control unit, a key control circuit unit, a key test circuit unit, and an auxiliary switch circuit unit.

[0065] like Figure 17As shown, the 485 communication unit includes diodes TVS2 and TVS3, resistors R34, R84, and R83, capacitor C14, chip IC4, resistors R81 and R82, transistor Qd0, capacitor C20, chip IC10, capacitor C22, resistors R78 and R79. It uses two signal lines, A and B, to transmit differential signals. The RS8485 transceiver chip converts the TTL level to RS485 differential signals, enabling 485 communication. A digital isolation chip solution is used to achieve communication and protection at various baud rates. The core function of the 485 communication unit is to enable communication between the active protection device and the... RS-485 standard data communication between external devices features differential transmission, strong anti-interference capability, and suitability for long-distance transmission. Chip IC4 serves as the 485 transceiver driver, converting TTL levels to differential signals. Its input is connected to the main control chip, and its output is connected to the external bus via the A / B differential signal line. TVS diodes TVS2 and TVS3 are connected across lines A and B and ground, respectively, for transient overvoltage protection. When abnormal high voltages such as lightning strikes or surges occur on the communication line, these two TVS diodes will conduct at their breakdown voltage, clamping the overvoltage to a safe range and protecting IC4 from damage. Resistors R34, R84, and R83 form a terminating resistor or pull-up / pull-down resistor network. Their function is determined by the wiring structure and communication topology. They can be used to improve common-mode interference immunity or balance impedance and reduce reflections. Capacitors C14, C22, and C20 are used for power supply decoupling and signal filtering to prevent electromagnetic interference (EMI) from coupling into the data lines through the power supply or ground, thus improving communication stability and reliability. Chip IC10 is a logic controller or level matching chip used to adjust the logic compatibility between the control signals from the main control unit and IC4. Transistor Qd0 and resistors R81 and R82 constitute a control switching circuit. The main control chip controls whether the IC4 is turned on or off, thereby controlling the switching of the receiving and transmitting states. That is, the DE / RE pin controls the enable state of the 485 driver chip, realizing the receiving and transmitting switching function in half-duplex communication. Resistors R78 and R79 may be used as series resistors for data lines to limit current and suppress overshoot glitches caused by high-speed transitions. The 85 communication unit converts the serial TTL signal output by the main control chip into an RS-485 differential signal through IC4, and enhances its communication stability and anti-interference ability through protection, filtering and control circuits, ensuring that the system can achieve reliable remote bidirectional data exchange even in the harsh electromagnetic environment of industrial sites.

[0066] like Figure 18As shown, the AC motor control unit includes resistors R17, R16, and R15, capacitor C10, transistor Q3, diode D20, relay K1, capacitor C5, and chip JP2. The AC motor control unit is mainly used to control the start and stop of the AC motor. It controls the AC motor power supply by driving the relay coil to achieve the motor operation function. Its core logic is to control the motor circuit to be connected and disconnected by controlling the energized state of relay K1. Chip JP2 serves as the input port for control signals, receiving start and stop commands from the main control chip. Its output is connected to the base of transistor Q3 through current-limiting resistors R15, R16, and R17, forming a basic drive switch circuit. When JP2 receives a start signal, it outputs a high level, which, after current limiting by the resistors, turns on Q3. Q3 then acts as a low-side switch to connect the relay. The relay K1 coil circuit is activated, causing the normally open contacts to close, introducing AC power to the motor and driving its operation. Diode D20 is used for freewheeling protection. When Q3 switches from conducting to cutoff, the relay coil generates reverse high voltage due to the inductance stored in it. D20 provides a bypass path to release this energy, preventing breakdown damage to Q3 and JP2. Capacitor C10 serves to decouple and stabilize the voltage, filtering out spike interference signals in the drive circuit and ensuring normal conduction of Q3. Capacitor C5 is connected between the power supply and ground to provide instantaneous current support during the relay activation process, mitigating voltage drops caused by excessive coil starting current, and also filtering out power supply noise. Therefore, the AC motor control unit receives control signals through JP2 and uses Q3 to control the activation of relay K1, thereby realizing the on / off control of the AC motor.

[0067] like Figure 19 As shown, the button control circuit unit includes switches KEY1, KEY2, KEY3, KEY4, KEY5, KEY6, KEY7, and KEY8. The button control circuit unit uses a matrix or parallel structure of switches KEY1 to KEY8 to achieve multi-functional manual input control. It is typically used for device mode switching, parameter setting, reset, testing, and other operations. Each switch corresponds to a specific function. When a user presses a button, its corresponding line is pulled low or high, which is detected by the main control chip or a dedicated button detection circuit as a change in logic level. The switches are usually implemented with a single-pole single-throw (SPST) structure. When not pressed, the input terminal maintains a default level (set by a pull-up or pull-down resistor). When pressed, the circuit closes, changing the level state. The main control chip periodically scans the input ports of these buttons, using software debouncing to minimize the probability of accidental touches, and executes corresponding instructions based on the current button state.

[0068] like Figure 20As shown, the button-operated trip circuit unit includes resistors R94 and R93, switch KEY9, resistor R92, and chip JP3. This unit is primarily used for manual testing or tripping tests of the system, typically during equipment maintenance, fault detection, or debugging. Switch KEY9 serves as the core control element. When the user presses the switch, resistors R92, R93, and R94 form a voltage divider network to adjust the input signal level or drive the input of chip JP3. Resistor R92 protects the circuit by limiting current, preventing excessive current from damaging the chip or other components. R93 and R94 can adjust the signal amplitude or implement specific logic functions. Chip JP3 determines whether to perform a corresponding tripping action based on the input signal, used to simulate external interference, test the tripping mechanism, or verify the accuracy of the system response. The output of JP3 controls the actual tripping logic or generates a feedback signal, thereby entering test mode or confirming the electrical status. Through this button-operated trip circuit unit, users can manually simulate abnormal conditions of motors or electrical equipment to check whether the protection circuit can react correctly.

[0069] like Figure 21 As shown, the auxiliary switching circuit unit includes resistor R95 and chip JP8. Its main function is to detect the status of external switches or actuators and transmit this status signal to the main control system, enabling status monitoring or logic linkage control. Resistor R95 typically acts as a current limiter or pull-up (or pull-down) resistor to stabilize the input level of chip JP8, ensuring a defined logic level when there is no switch action, preventing false judgments caused by floating states. When an external actuator changes the switch state, the signal passes through resistor R95 and is input to chip JP8. JP8 identifies the current auxiliary status based on the input level change and may convert the signal into a logic level recognizable by the main control system for subsequent protection, alarm, or linkage actions. Therefore, this circuit features simple structure, stable function, and fast response, making it a crucial unit in the system for auxiliary status acquisition, action feedback, and safety interlocking.

[0070] To facilitate understanding of the above-mentioned technical solutions of this utility model, the working principle or operation method of this utility model in actual process will be described in detail below.

[0071] In practical applications, the power supply unit of the residual current circuit breaker with special wave function converts AC power into multiple low-voltage DC power (AC-DC rectification, filtering, isolation, and voltage regulation), and ensures continuous power supply in case of main power failure through supercapacitors and backup power modules. In the main control unit 2, the current sampling circuit module (high-precision resistor voltage divider network, filter capacitor) converts the current signal into a voltage signal. The metering chip (U9), combined with high-frequency sampling (crystal resonator X2 provides a stable clock) and algorithms, calculates the power parameters (including harmonic components) in real time. The leakage current sampling circuit module (JP3, operational amplifier IC5C) amplifies the residual current signal. The protection current sampling module (rectifier bridge + operational amplifier) ​​processes multiple current information and identifies abnormal waveforms. The main control unit 2 triggers the trip coil control unit 3 (transistor Q2 drives the relay or trip coil) to quickly cut off the circuit. The LCD screen displays the real-time status, and the 485 communication unit supports remote monitoring. The core of the special wave function lies in the detection and response to high-frequency harmonic currents. Specifically, the pure resistor voltage divider network (Rv18-Rv19, etc.) will... The AC voltage is linearly reduced, and high-frequency sampling (supporting harmonic analysis) is achieved by combining the ADC of the main control unit 1. A precision resistor network (Rc1-Rc12) and filter capacitors (Cc1-Cc6) ensure distortion-free conversion of the high-frequency current signal. The JP7 differential amplifier enhances signal quality, and the metering chip (U9) analyzes the harmonic components in the current waveform. The main control unit 2 sets the harmonic content threshold (e.g., triggering protection when total over-limit is reached). Varistors (RP1-RP3) in the AC-DC power module suppress surges, and LC filters (L1, C12, etc.) eliminate harmonics. High-frequency noise is filtered out by RC filters (R1, C0) in the leakage current sampling circuit, and the effective signal is amplified by the operational amplifier IC5C. This enables the detection of high-frequency harmonic currents (such as harmonics generated by frequency converters and LED drivers), avoiding malfunctions or missed detections caused by traditional protectors ignoring harmonics. The main control chip (IC1) achieves microsecond-level sampling through a high-frequency clock (X1), combined with the transistor drive (Q2) of the trip coil control unit. Furthermore, the supercapacitor charging and discharging module (CF, Q10) maintains power supply during main power failures, ensuring uninterrupted special wave detection.

[0072] In summary, by utilizing the above-mentioned technical solution of this utility model, through high-frequency sampling, harmonic analysis, and fast tripping mechanism, accurate detection and protection of special waves (high-frequency harmonics) are achieved. This can adapt to the complex harmonic environment in modern power systems, improve the safety of equipment and personnel, and enhance maintainability through intelligent design (LCD display, remote communication). The core technology of the special wave function lies in the collaborative optimization of high-frequency signal processing circuit and metering chip, which solves the limitations of traditional protectors in harmonic scenarios.

[0073] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A residual current operated protective device with special wave function, characterized in that, include: The power supply unit (1) is used to perform signal acquisition operations using the metering chip, realize voltage information detection, and smooth the voltage to output low-voltage DC power, thereby realizing power management functions. The main control unit (2) is used to collect current signals, identify and analyze current signals, obtain status detection results, and output action protection commands based on the detection results. The trip coil control unit (3) is used to perform power-off protection operation according to the action protection command output by the main control unit (2); LCD display unit (4) is used to display the status information of the action protector; One end of the power supply unit (1) is connected to one end of the main control unit (2), and the other end of the main control unit (2) is connected to one end of the trip coil control unit (3). The LCD display unit (4) is connected to the power supply unit (1), the main control unit (2) and the trip coil control unit (3) respectively.

2. A residual current operated protective device with special wave function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply unit (1) includes: AC-DC power modules are used to preprocess voltage and output low-voltage DC power based on the processing results. DC-DC modules are used to convert input power into multiple low-voltage DC power supplies to power each module. The voltage sampling module is used to proportionally reduce the AC voltage to a safe range to achieve voltage detection; The supercapacitor charging and discharging module is used to provide backup power when the main power supply fails, ensuring the normal operation of the main control unit (2) and the trip coil control unit (3); The backup power circuit module is used to maintain power supply operation through the supercapacitor charging and discharging module when the main power supply fails. Wherein, one end of the AC-DC power module is connected to one end of the voltage sampling module, the other end of the AC-DC power module is connected to one end of the DC-DC module, the other end of the DC-DC module is connected to one end of the supercapacitor charging and discharging module, and the other end of the supercapacitor charging and discharging module is connected to one end of the backup power circuit module.

3. A residual current operated protective device with special wave function according to claim 2, characterized in that, The AC-DC power module includes varistor RP1, varistor RP2, varistor RP3, resistor R13, resistor R14, resistor R18, resistor R19, diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, diode D4, diode D5, diode D6, diode D7, diode D8, resistor R1, diode D12, resistor R3, resistor R10, resistor R4, transistor Q1, diode D13, capacitor C1, diode D14, resistor R7a, resistor R7b, chip IC1, transformer BT1, resistor R6, capacitor C4, resistor R2, capacitor C3, diode D9, resistor R5, resistor R8, diode D11, diode D15, diode D16, resistor R9, diode D10, capacitor C2, capacitor C6, capacitor C12, inductor L1, capacitor C11, capacitor C9, capacitor C13, resistor Rt9, and resistor Rt10; One end of resistor R13 is connected to one end of varistor RP1, and the other end of resistor R13 is connected to one end of resistor R18 and one end of diode D1. The other end of varistor RP1 is connected to one end of varistor RP2, one end of varistor RP3 and one end of resistor R19. The other end of varistor RP2 is connected to one end of resistor R14. The other end of varistor RP3 is connected to one end of resistor R18. The other end of resistor R18 is connected to one end of resistor R19. The other end of resistor R19 is connected to one end of diode D5. The other end of diode D1 is connected to one end of diode D2, one end of diode D3, one end of diode D4, and one end of resistor R1. The other end of diode D2 is connected to the other end of resistor R14 and one end of diode D6. The other end of diode D3 is connected to the other end of resistor R18 and one end of diode D7. The other end of diode D4 is connected to the other end of resistor R19 and one end of diode D8. The other ends of diodes D5, D6, D7, and D8 are all connected to one end of diode D12, one end of capacitor C1, one end of resistor R7a, one end of resistor R7b, the eighth pin of chip IC1, one end of resistor R6, one end of capacitor C4, and the fifth pin of transformer BT1. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to one end of diode D13, the second pin of transistor Q1, and one end of resistor R3. The other end of resistor R3 is connected to one end of resistor R10. The other end of resistor R10 is connected to one end of resistor R4. The other end of resistor R4 is connected to the first pin of transistor Q1, one end of diode D14, and one end of diode D12. The other end of diode D13 is connected to the third pin of transistor Q1, one end of diode D14, and one end of capacitor C1. The sixth and fifth pins of the chip IC1 are respectively connected to one end of the resistor R2, one end of the capacitor C3, and the first pin of the transformer BT1. The first pin of the chip IC1 is respectively connected to one end of the resistor R8 and one end of the capacitor C4. The third pin of the chip IC1 is respectively connected to one end of the resistor R6 and one end of the resistor R5. The fourth pin of the chip IC1 is respectively connected to the other end of the resistor R7a and the other end of the resistor R7b. The other end of the resistor R5 is respectively connected to one end of the diode D11 and the third pin of the transformer BT1. The other end of the resistor R8 is connected to the other end of the diode D11. The sixth pin of the transformer BT1 is connected to one end of the resistor R9, one end of the diode D16, and one end of the diode D10, respectively. The seventh pin of the transformer BT1 is grounded. The ninth pin of the transformer BT1 is connected to one end of the diode D15. The other end of the diode D15 is connected to one end of the capacitor C2. The other end of resistor C9 is connected to one end of capacitor C6. The other end of capacitor C6 is connected to one end of L1, one end of capacitor C12, and the other end of diode D10. The other end of capacitor C12 is connected to one end of capacitor C11 and grounded. The other end of capacitor C11 is connected to the other end of inductor L1, one end of capacitor C9, one end of capacitor C13, one end of resistor Rt9, and one end of resistor Rt10. The other ends of capacitor C9, capacitor C13, resistor Rt9, and resistor Rt10 are all grounded.

4. A residual current operated protective device with special wave function according to claim 3, characterized in that, The voltage sampling module includes: Resistors Rv18, Rv28, Rv1, Rv2, Rv3, Rv4, Rv14, Rv15, Rv8, Rv7, Rv6, Rv5, Rv30, Rv20, Rv22, Rv31, Rv9, Rv10, Rv11, Rv12, Rv16, and Rv19; Wherein, one end of resistor Rv18 is connected to one end of resistor Rv20 and one end of resistor Rv22 respectively; the other end of resistor Rv18 is connected to one end of resistor Rv28; the other end of resistor Rv28 is connected to one end of resistor Rv1; the other end of resistor Rv1 is connected to one end of resistor Rv2; the other end of resistor Rv2 is connected to one end of resistor Rv3; the other end of resistor Rv3 is connected to one end of resistor Rv4; and the other end of resistor Rv4 is connected to one end of resistor Rv14. The other end of resistor Rv14 is connected to one end of resistor Rv15, one end of resistor Rv16, and one end of resistor Rv19, and grounded. The other end of resistor Rv15 is connected to one end of resistor Rv8. The other end of resistor Rv8 is connected to one end of resistor Rv7. The other end of resistor Rv7 is connected to one end of resistor Rv6. The other end of resistor Rv6 is connected to one end of resistor Rv5. The other end of resistor Rv5 is connected to one end of resistor Rv30. The other end of resistor Rv30 is connected to the other end of resistor Rv20. The other end of resistor Rv22 is connected to one end of resistor Rv31, the other end of resistor Rv31 is connected to one end of resistor Rv9, the other end of resistor Rv9 is connected to one end of resistor Rv10, the other end of resistor Rv10 is connected to one end of resistor Rv11, the other end of resistor Rv11 is connected to one end of resistor Rv12, and the other end of resistor Rv12 is connected to the other end of resistor Rv16.

5. A residual current operated protective device with special wave function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main control unit (2) includes: The main control circuit power module is used to process the operating status of each unit of the controller using a chip; The main control clock circuit module is used to provide clock signals to ensure timing synchronization between the main control chip and each unit; The main control storage circuit module is used to initialize the storage device and load configuration parameters and historical data; The current sampling circuit module is used to collect current signals and convert the current into voltage signals, which are then input to the metering chip module. Metering chip module, used to calculate electrical energy parameters; The leakage current sampling circuit module is used to detect the status information of the residual current based on the calculation results of the electrical energy parameters, and output the detection information based on the detection results; The protection current sampling module is used to input the residual current detection information to the main control chip to trigger the protection logic; One end of the main control circuit power module is connected to one end of the power unit (1), and the other end of the main control circuit power module is connected to one end of the main control clock circuit module, the main control storage circuit module, the metering current sampling circuit module, the metering chip module, the leakage current sampling circuit module and the protection current sampling module, respectively.

6. A residual current operated protective device with special wave function according to claim 5, characterized in that, The current metering sampling circuit module includes: chip JP7, resistors Rc1, Rc2, Rc3, Rc4, Rc5, Rc6, Rc7, Rc8, Rc9, Rc10, Rc11, Rc12, capacitors Cc1, Cc2, Cc3, Cc4, Cc5, Cc6, Rc14, Rc15, Rc16, Rc17, Rc18, Rc19, and capacitors Cc7, Cc8, Cc9, Cc10, Cc11, and Cc12. Specifically, the sixth pin of the chip JP7 is connected to one end of the resistor Rc1 and one end of the resistor Rc2, the other end of the resistor Rc1 is connected to one end of the capacitor Cc1, the other end of the resistor Rc2 is connected to one end of the resistor Rc3, the other end of the capacitor Cc1 and one end of the capacitor Cc2 and grounded, the other end of the resistor Rc3 is connected to the fifth pin of the chip JP7 and one end of the resistor Rc4, and the other end of the resistor Rc4 is connected to the other end of the capacitor Cc2; The fourth pin of the chip JP7 is connected to one end of the resistor Rc5 and one end of the resistor Rc6. The other end of the resistor Rc5 is connected to one end of the capacitor Cc3. The other end of the resistor Rc6 is connected to one end of the resistor Rc7, the other end of the capacitor Cc3, and one end of the capacitor Cc4 and grounded. The other end of the capacitor Cc4 is connected to one end of the resistor Rc8. The other end of the resistor Rc8 is connected to the other end of the resistor Rc7 and the third pin of the chip JP7. The second pin of the chip JP7 is connected to one end of the resistor Rc9 and one end of the resistor Rc10, respectively. The other end of the resistor Rc9 is connected to one end of the capacitor Cc5. The other end of the resistor Rc10 is connected to one end of the resistor Rc11, the other end of the capacitor Cc5, and one end of the capacitor Cc6 and grounded. The other end of the capacitor Cc6 is connected to one end of the resistor Rc12. The other end of the resistor Rc12 is connected to the other end of the resistor Rc11 and the first pin of the chip JP7, respectively. One end of resistor Rc14 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc7 and grounded; one end of resistor Rc15 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc8 and grounded; one end of resistor Rc16 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc9 and grounded; one end of resistor Rc17 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc10 and grounded; one end of resistor Rc18 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc11 and grounded; and one end of resistor Rc19 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc12 and grounded.

7. A residual current operated protective device with special wave function according to claim 6, characterized in that, The metering chip module includes chip U9, capacitors Cc13, C21, Cc17, Cc18, Cc19, C46, ​​C47, resistors R66, Rc20, Rc21, and cR22, diode LED2, crystal resonator X2, capacitors C44, Cc14, and Cc15. The 34th and 41st pins of the chip U9 are both connected to one end of the capacitor Cc13, and the other end of the capacitor Cc13 is grounded. The 5th pin of the chip U9 is connected to one end of the capacitor Cc18 and one end of the capacitor C21, and the other ends of the capacitor Cc18 and the other ends of the capacitor C21 are both grounded. The 26th pin of chip U9 is connected to resistor Rc20, the 40th pin of chip U9 is connected to one end of resistor Rc21, the other end of resistor Rc21 is connected to one end of diode LED2, and the other end of diode LED2 is grounded, the first pin of chip U9 is connected to one end of resistor Rc22 and one end of capacitor Cc17, and the other end of capacitor Cc17 is grounded, the 35th pin of chip U9 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc18, the 36th pin of chip U9 is connected to one end of capacitor Cc19, and the other ends of capacitors Cc18 and Cc19 are both connected to the 24th pin of chip U9 and grounded; The 42nd pin of the chip U9 is connected to one end of the resistor R66, one end of the crystal resonator X2, and one end of the capacitor Cc46. The other end of the resistor R66 is connected to the 43rd pin of the chip U9, the other end of the crystal resonator X2, and one end of the capacitor C47. The other ends of the capacitor C47, the other end of the capacitor C46, ​​and one end of the crystal resonator X2 are all grounded. The 44th, 23rd, and 33rd pins of the chip U9 are all grounded. The 39th pin of the chip U9 is connected to one end of the capacitor C44 and one end of the capacitor Cc14, and the other ends of the capacitors C44 and Cc14 are grounded. The 12th and 18th pins of the chip U9 are connected to one end of the capacitor Cc15, and the other end of the capacitor Cc15 is connected to the 15th pin of the chip U9 and grounded. The 8th and 11th pins of the chip U9 are grounded.

8. A residual current operated protective device with special wave function according to claim 7, characterized in that, The leakage current sampling circuit module includes chip JP3, resistor Rs0, resistor R1, capacitor C0, resistor R36, resistor R35, operational amplifier IC5C, and resistor Rv1. The first pin of chip JP3 is connected to one end of resistor Rs0 and one end of resistor R1, respectively. The second pin of chip JP3 is grounded. The other end of resistor Rs0 is connected to one end of capacitor C0 and grounded. The other end of capacitor C0 is connected to the other end of resistor R1 and one end of resistor R36 and grounded. The other end of resistor R36 is connected to one end of resistor R35 and the ninth pin of operational amplifier IC5C, respectively. The tenth pin of operational amplifier IC5C is grounded. The eighth pin of operational amplifier IC5C is connected to the other end of resistor R35 and one end of resistor Rv1, respectively.

9. A residual current operated protective device with special wave function according to claim 8, characterized in that, The protection current sampling module includes: Chip JP4, rectifier bridge B1, resistor R53, capacitor CR1, resistor R47, capacitor C30, resistor R48, operational amplifier IC5D, resistor R29, rectifier bridge B2, resistor R50, capacitor CR2, resistor R51, capacitor C31, resistor R52, operational amplifier IC5A, resistor R30, rectifier bridge B3, resistor R57, capacitor CR3, resistor R55, capacitor C32, resistor R56, operational amplifier IC5B, resistor R31; The sixth and fifth pins of the chip JP4 are connected to the first and second pins of the rectifier bridge B1, respectively. The third pin of the rectifier bridge B1 is connected to the third pins of the rectifier bridge B2 and the third pin of the rectifier bridge B3, respectively. The fourth pin of the rectifier bridge B1 is connected to one end of the resistor R35 and one end of the capacitor CR1, respectively. The other end of the resistor R53 is connected to one end of the resistor R47 and one end of the capacitor C30, respectively. The other end of the capacitor C30 is connected to the other end of the capacitor CR1 and grounded. The other end of the resistor R47 is connected to one end of the resistor R48 and the thirteenth pin of the operational amplifier IC5D, respectively. The other end of the resistor R48 is connected to the fourteenth pin of the operational amplifier IC5D and one end of the resistor R29, respectively. The twelfth pin of the operational amplifier IC5D is grounded. The fourth and third pins of the chip JP4 are connected to the first and second pins of the rectifier bridge B2, respectively. The fourth pin of the rectifier bridge B2 is connected to one end of the resistor R50 and one end of the capacitor CR2. The other end of the resistor R50 is connected to one end of the resistor R51 and one end of the capacitor C31. The other end of the capacitor C31 is connected to the other end of the capacitor CR2 and grounded. The other end of the resistor R51 is connected to one end of the resistor R52 and the second pin of the operational amplifier IC5A. The other end of the resistor R52 is connected to the first pin of the operational amplifier IC5A and one end of the resistor R30. The third pin of the operational amplifier IC5A is grounded. The first and second pins of the chip JP4 are connected to the second and first pins of the rectifier bridge B2, respectively. The fourth pin of the rectifier bridge B3 is connected to one end of the resistor R57 and one end of the capacitor CR3. The other end of the resistor R57 is connected to one end of the resistor R55 and one end of the capacitor C32. The other end of the capacitor C32 is connected to the other end of the capacitor CR3 and grounded. The other end of the resistor R55 is connected to one end of the resistor R56 and the sixth pin of the operational amplifier IC5B. The other end of the resistor R56 is connected to the seventh pin of the operational amplifier IC5B and one end of the resistor R31. The fifth pin of the operational amplifier IC5B is grounded.

10. A residual current operated protective device with special wave function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trip coil control unit (3) includes diode D13, resistor R28, capacitor C16, diode D14, chip JP2, resistor R32, transistor Q2, capacitor C19, and resistor R33; One end of diode D13 is connected to one end of resistor R28. The other end of resistor R28 is connected to one end of capacitor C16, one end of diode D14, and the second pin of chip JP2. The other end of capacitor C16 is grounded. The other end of diode D14 is connected to the first pin of chip JP2 and the first pin of transistor Q2. The second pin of transistor Q2 is connected to one end of resistor R32, one end of capacitor C19, and one end of resistor R33. The third pin of transistor Q2 is connected to the other end of capacitor C19 and the other end of resistor R33 and is grounded.

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