Perovskite solar cell module
By setting a conductive support structure in the P2 channel of the perovskite solar cell module, the stability problem of the back electrode layer was solved, the conductivity and stability of the module were improved, and commercial applications were promoted.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 黎元新能源科技(无锡)有限公司
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-26
AI Technical Summary
The back electrode layer of perovskite solar cell modules is prone to electrode collapse and disconnection during the encapsulation aging process due to its thin sidewall film layer and poor continuity, which affects the stability of the module and restricts the commercialization process.
A conductive support structure is set in the P2 channel. The conductive support structure is formed by coating and curing with conductive paste, which enhances the support of the back electrode layer and improves its conductivity.
This solves the risk of electrode collapse and disconnection, improves the conductivity and stability of the module, and extends the service life of the module.
Smart Images
Figure CN224290539U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of solar cell technology, specifically to a perovskite solar cell module. Background Technology
[0002] In recent years, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has improved rapidly, with certified efficiency exceeding 21%. However, stability issues have become a key bottleneck hindering the large-scale commercial application and long-term stable development of this technology. Achieving stability for 20-25 years is a long-term goal for perovskite solar cells to compete with mature silicon solar technology. Currently, researchers use the retention of 80% of the initial performance within 1000 hours (T80 stability) as an important benchmark, but there is still a significant gap to reach the long-term goal.
[0003] The stability of perovskite solar cell modules is affected by a variety of factors. Among them, the back electrode layer in the P2 channel has a thin sidewall film layer and poor continuity, which poses a risk of electrode collapse and disconnection due to the encapsulation aging process. This seriously affects the stability of perovskite solar cell modules and restricts the commercialization process of the product. Utility Model Content
[0004] To address at least one of the above technical problems, this utility model provides a perovskite solar cell module that provides support for the back electrode layer, enhances the module's conductivity, and resolves the risk of electrode collapse and disconnection buried during the subsequent encapsulation and aging process.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] A perovskite solar cell module includes a plurality of single-cell perovskite solar cells sharing a single substrate, and P1 channel, P2 channel and P3 channel for separating the plurality of single-cell perovskite solar cells and forming a series structure.
[0007] The perovskite solar cell module includes a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a functional layer and a back electrode layer stacked in sequence.
[0008] A conductive support structure is filled within the P2 channel.
[0009] In this invention, "a conductive support structure is fully disposed within the P2 channel" means that the conductive support structure is completely fitted to the P2 channel, with its side and bottom surfaces tightly fitted to the surface of the P2 channel, and its top surface flush with the top of the P2 channel, providing support for the back electrode layer. Furthermore, the conductivity of the conductive support structure enhances the conductivity of the perovskite solar cell module, mitigating the risk of electrode collapse and disconnection buried during the post-encapsulation aging process in existing technologies.
[0010] In this invention, the conductive support structure is formed by coating the P2 channel with conductive paste and then curing it.
[0011] According to the perovskite solar cell module of this utility model, preferably, the upper surface of the conductive support structure is flush with the upper surface of the functional layer and closely adheres to the back electrode layer.
[0012] According to the perovskite solar cell module of this invention, preferably, the material of the conductive support structure includes one of silver, carbon, or graphene. In the fabrication of the perovskite solar cell module, after the P2 channel is etched, a conductive paste is coated onto the P2 channel, followed by annealing to cure and form the conductive support structure. The conductive paste can be conventional conductive silver paste, conductive carbon paste, or conductive graphene. It is readily understood that the specific conductive paste can be a material suitable for low-temperature annealing, typically below 150°C, such as 120°C in the example. The conductive paste can be coated using conventional methods in the art, such as spraying, scraping, spin coating, slot coating, or printing.
[0013] In the perovskite solar cell module of this invention, a single perovskite solar cell can be either an inverted pin-type cell structure or a conventional pin-type cell structure. The inverted pin-type cell structure consists of a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, an electron transport layer, and a back electrode layer stacked sequentially. The conventional pin-type cell structure also consists of a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a hole transport layer, and a back electrode layer stacked sequentially.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the single-cell perovskite solar cell is an inverted pin-type cell structure, and the functional layer includes, sequentially stacked from the transparent conductive layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and an electron transport layer.
[0015] In another preferred embodiment, the single-cell perovskite solar cell is a formal nip-type cell structure, and the functional layer includes, sequentially stacked from the transparent conductive layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a hole transport layer.
[0016] According to the perovskite solar cell module of this utility model, preferably, the P1 channels are etched at equal intervals on the transparent conductive layer and penetrate the transparent conductive layer perpendicularly; the P1 channels are filled with the material of the hole transport layer or the material of the electron transport layer.
[0017] The P1 channel is etched on the transparent conductive layer to separate several sub-cells, allowing current to be collected and transmitted in each independent area, avoiding short circuits between different areas, and laying the foundation for the subsequent formation of a series sub-cell structure.
[0018] According to the perovskite solar cell module of this utility model, preferably, the width of the P1 channel is 10-120 μm, and the spacing between each P1 channel is 3-10 mm.
[0019] In the perovskite solar cell module of this invention, the P2 channels are etched at equal intervals on the functional layer and penetrate vertically through the functional layer, including a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and an electron transport layer.
[0020] The P2 channel is typically etched into the functional layer. Its function is to pattern the perovskite light-absorbing layer so that the perovskite light-absorbing region of each sub-cell corresponds to the corresponding transparent conductive layer region. Furthermore, the etching of the P2 channel cuts off the lateral conductive pathways between the perovskite light-absorbing layers, ensuring that photogenerated carriers can be effectively collected and transported within their respective sub-cell regions. This avoids crosstalk between adjacent sub-cells and improves the performance and stability of the cell.
[0021] According to the perovskite solar cell module of this utility model, preferably, the width of the P2 channel is 30-180 μm, and each P2 channel is spaced 5-100 μm apart from the P1 channel.
[0022] According to the perovskite solar cell module of this invention, preferably, the P3 channels are etched at equal intervals on the back electrode layer and penetrate vertically through the back electrode layer.
[0023] The P3 channel is typically etched into the back electrode layer to connect the metal electrodes of each sub-cell, enabling series connection of multiple sub-cells and thus increasing the output voltage of the entire battery assembly. Simultaneously, etching the P3 channel also removes excess material from the back electrode layer, reducing the risk of short circuits between electrodes and improving the reliability of the battery assembly.
[0024] According to the perovskite solar cell module of this utility model, preferably, the width of the P3 channel is 20-100 μm, and each P3 channel is spaced 5-100 μm apart from the P2 channel.
[0025] According to the perovskite solar cell module of this utility model, preferably, the substrate is a glass substrate.
[0026] According to the perovskite solar cell module of this utility model, preferably, the transparent conductive layer is an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer, a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) layer, or an indium zinc oxide (IZO) layer.
[0027] For example, the fluorine tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass used in the embodiments provides the substrate and the transparent conductive layer.
[0028] According to the perovskite solar cell module of this invention, preferably, the back electrode layer is a silver electrode layer.
[0029] In the perovskite solar cell module of this invention, the P2 channel is filled with conductive paste to provide support for the back electrode layer, thus solving the risk of electrode collapse in the subsequent encapsulation process; at the same time, due to the excellent conductivity of the conductive paste itself, the module's current transmission capability is further improved. Attached Figure Description
[0030] The accompanying drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this invention in any way. Furthermore, the shapes and proportions of the components in the drawings are merely illustrative to aid in understanding the invention and do not specifically limit the shapes and proportions of the components. Those skilled in the art, under the guidance of this invention, can select various possible shapes and proportions to implement this invention according to specific circumstances.
[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-section of a perovskite solar cell module in the prior art (taking an inverted pin-type cell structure as an example).
[0032] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the perovskite solar cell module provided by this utility model (taking the inverted pin-type cell structure as an example).
[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:
[0034] 1-Back electrode layer, 2-Electron transport layer, 3-Perovskite light-absorbing layer, 4-Hole transport layer, 5-Transparent conductive layer, 6-Substrate, 7-P1 channel, 8-P2 channel, 9-P3 channel, 10-Conductive support structure. Detailed Implementation
[0035] To more clearly illustrate this utility model, the preferred embodiments and accompanying drawings will be used for further description. Similar components in the drawings are indicated by the same reference numerals. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific description below is illustrative rather than restrictive and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model.
[0036] Preparation of precursor solutions involved in the following examples and comparative examples:
[0037] 1) Precursor solution for hole transport layer material:
[0038] Dissolve (4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl)phosphonic acid (Me-4PACz) in ethanol to form a 1 mg / mL solution, and stir at room temperature until completely dissolved before use.
[0039] 2) Precursor solution for perovskite light-absorbing layer material:
[0040] Weigh 23.8 mg of methylamine hydroiodide (MAI), 19.5 mg of cesium iodide (CsI), 15 mg of methylamine hydrochloride (MACl), 219.2 mg of formamidinium iodide (FAI), and 691.5 mg of lead iodide (PbI2), and dissolve them in a mixed solvent of 800 μL of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and 200 μL of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Stir overnight at room temperature until completely dissolved to form a perovskite precursor solution. Prepare 5 mL of the perovskite precursor solution for later use.
[0041] Comparative Example 1
[0042] This comparative example provides a prior art perovskite solar cell module, including a plurality of single-cell perovskite solar cells sharing a single substrate, and P1 channel, P2 channel and P3 channel for separating the plurality of single-cell perovskite solar cells and forming a series structure.
[0043] The specific structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the perovskite solar cell module comprises a substrate 6, a transparent conductive layer 5, a hole transport layer 4, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 3, an electron transport layer 2, and a back electrode layer 1, stacked sequentially. Equally spaced P1 channels 7 are etched on the transparent conductive layer 5, perpendicularly penetrating the transparent conductive layer 5 and filled with the material of the hole transport layer 4. Equally spaced P2 channels 8 are etched on the functional layers (including the hole transport layer 4, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3, and the electron transport layer 2), perpendicularly penetrating the functional layers, and the back electrode layer material is deposited within them. Equally spaced P3 channels are etched on the back electrode layer 1, perpendicularly penetrating the back electrode layer 1. The current transport direction of this perovskite solar cell module is as follows: Figure 1 The text indicates that due to the thin sidewall film of the back electrode layer in channel 8 of P2 and its poor continuity, there is a risk of electrode collapse and disconnection due to subsequent encapsulation aging, which seriously affects the stability of perovskite solar cell modules and restricts the commercialization process of the product.
[0044] Should Figure 1 The fabrication process of perovskite solar cell modules includes:
[0045] 1) Select a 60mm×60mm fluorine tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass as the base electrode (i.e., substrate 6 is a glass substrate and transparent conductive layer 5 is an FTO layer). Clean it with glass detergent, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol by ultrasonic cleaning for 30min, 15min, 15min and 15min respectively. Then dry it in an oven at 80℃, cool it to room temperature, and then treat it with a plasma cleaner for 20min before use.
[0046] 2) Laser scribing of P1 channels 7 on the above-treated fluorine tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass, using a wavelength of 355nm and a power of 70W, with each P1 channel having a width of 30μm and a spacing of 6.5mm between each P1 channel, for a total of 6 P1 channels scribing.
[0047] 3) After the sample has cooled to room temperature, spin-coat the precursor solution of the hole transport layer material onto the fluorine tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass. Set the process parameters to 3000 rpm and 30 s. Use a 1000 μL pipette to take 600 μL of the precursor solution and drop it onto the substrate. Spin the substrate at high speed using the set parameters. Then anneal at 100 °C for 10 min on a heating stage to prepare the hole transport layer 4.
[0048] 4) After the sample has cooled to room temperature, spin-coat the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 onto the hole transport layer 4. Set the process parameters to 3000 rpm and 30 s. Use a 1000 μL pipette to take 1000 μL of the precursor solution of the perovskite light-absorbing layer material and drop it onto the substrate. After spin-coating, place it in a vacuum chamber and evacuate it to 10 Pa and hold the pressure for 10 s. Then anneal it at 120 °C for 20 min on a heating stage to prepare the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3.
[0049] 5) Place the sample obtained in step 4) in a vacuum thermal evaporation apparatus to deposit a 25 nm electron transport layer C60 (fullerene) and an 8 nm hole blocking layer BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), with the deposition rate controlled between 0.1 and 0.2 A / s.
[0050] 6) Laser scribing of P2 channels on the sample surface in step 5) using a wavelength of 355 nm and a power of 30 W, with a spacing of 20 μm between the P2 and P1 channels, a width of 80 μm for each P2 channel, and a spacing of 6.5 mm between each channel, for a total of 6 P2 channels scribing.
[0051] 7) Place the sample obtained in step 6) in a vacuum thermal evaporation apparatus and deposit a 100 nm Ag electrode at a rate controlled between 0.1 and 0.2 A / s.
[0052] 8) Laser scribing of P3 channels on the sample surface in step 7) using a wavelength of 355 nm and a power of 45 W, with a spacing of 20 μm between the P3 channel and the P2 channel, a width of 30 μm for each P3 channel, and a spacing of 6.5 mm between each P3 channel, for a total of 6 P3 channels scribing, thus obtaining the inverted pin structure perovskite solar cell module.
[0053] Example 1
[0054] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell module, including a plurality of single-cell perovskite solar cells sharing a single substrate, and P1, P2, and P3 channels for separating the plurality of single-cell perovskite solar cells and forming a series structure. A conductive support structure 10 is formed by coating the P2 channel with conductive silver paste using a blade coating method.
[0055] The specific structure is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the perovskite solar cell module comprises a substrate 6, a transparent conductive layer 5, a hole transport layer 4, a perovskite light-absorbing layer 3, an electron transport layer 2, and a back electrode layer 1, stacked sequentially. Equally spaced P1 channels 7 are etched on the transparent conductive layer 5, perpendicularly penetrating the transparent conductive layer 5 and filled with the material of the hole transport layer 4. Equally spaced P2 channels 8 are etched on the functional layers (including the hole transport layer 4, the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3, and the electron transport layer 2), perpendicularly penetrating the functional layers and filled with conductive support structures 10 (formed after the conductive silver paste has solidified). Equally spaced P3 channels are etched on the back electrode layer 1, perpendicularly penetrating the back electrode layer 1. The current transport direction of this perovskite solar cell module is as follows: Figure 2 As indicated in the label, the conductive support structure 10 filled in the P2 channel 8 provides support for the back electrode layer 1, solving the risk of electrode collapse in the subsequent packaging process; at the same time, due to the excellent conductivity of the conductive support structure 10 itself, it further enhances the component's ability to transmit current.
[0056] Should Figure 2 The fabrication process of perovskite solar cell modules includes:
[0057] 1) Select a 60mm×60mm fluorine tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass as the base electrode (i.e., substrate 6 is a glass substrate and transparent conductive layer 5 is an FTO layer). Clean it with glass detergent, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol by ultrasonic cleaning for 30min, 15min, 15min and 15min respectively. Then dry it in an oven at 80℃, cool it to room temperature, and then treat it with a plasma cleaner for 20min before use.
[0058] 2) Laser scribing of P1 channels 7 on the above-treated fluorine tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass, using a wavelength of 355nm and a power of 70W, with each P1 channel having a width of 30μm and a spacing of 6.5mm between each P1 channel, for a total of 6 P1 channels scribing.
[0059] 3) After the sample has cooled to room temperature, spin-coat the precursor solution of the hole transport layer material onto the fluorine tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass. Set the process parameters to 3000 rpm and 30 s. Use a 1000 μL pipette to take 600 μL of the precursor solution and drop it onto the substrate. Spin the substrate at high speed using the set parameters. Then anneal at 100 °C for 10 min on a heating stage to prepare the hole transport layer 4.
[0060] 4) After the sample has cooled to room temperature, spin-coat the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 onto the hole transport layer 4. Set the process parameters to 3000 rpm and 30 s. Use a 1000 μL pipette to take 1000 μL of the precursor solution of the perovskite light-absorbing layer material and drop it onto the substrate. After spin-coating, place it in a vacuum chamber and evacuate it to 10 Pa and hold the pressure for 10 s. Then anneal it at 120 °C for 20 min on a heating stage to prepare the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3.
[0061] 5) Place the sample obtained in step 4) in a vacuum thermal evaporation apparatus and sequentially deposit a 25 nm electron transport layer C60 (fullerene) and an 8 nm hole blocking layer BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) at a rate controlled between 0.1 and 0.2 A / s.
[0062] 6) Laser scribing of P2 channels on the sample surface in step 5) using a wavelength of 355 nm and a power of 30 W, with a spacing of 20 μm between the P2 and P1 channels, a width of 80 μm for each P2 channel, and a spacing of 6.5 mm between each channel, for a total of 6 P2 channels scribing.
[0063] 7) Apply the sample obtained in step 6) to a mask that exposes only the P2 channel, and apply conductive silver paste by scraping to fill the P2 channel. Then anneal at 120°C for 20 minutes on a heating stage.
[0064] 8) Place the sample obtained in step 7) in a vacuum thermal evaporation apparatus and deposit a 100 nm Ag electrode at a rate controlled between 0.1 and 0.2 A / s.
[0065] 9) Laser scribing of P3 channels on the sample surface in step 8) using a wavelength of 355 nm and a power of 45 W, with a spacing of 20 μm between the P3 channel and the P2 channel, a width of 30 μm for each P3 channel, and a spacing of 6.5 mm between each P3 channel, for a total of 6 P3 channels scribing, thus obtaining the inverted pin structure perovskite solar cell module.
[0066] Example 2
[0067] This embodiment provides a perovskite solar cell module, the structure of which is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the conductive support structure in the P2 channel is formed by the curing of conductive carbon paste. The preparation process includes:
[0068] 1) Select a 60mm×60mm fluorine tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass as the base electrode (i.e., substrate 6 is a glass substrate and transparent conductive layer 5 is an FTO layer). Clean it with glass detergent, deionized water, acetone and isopropanol by ultrasonic cleaning for 30min, 15min, 15min and 15min respectively. Then dry it in an oven at 80℃, cool it to room temperature, and then treat it with a plasma cleaner for 20min before use.
[0069] 2) Laser scribing of P1 channels 7 on the above-treated fluorine tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass, using a wavelength of 355nm and a power of 70W, with each P1 channel having a width of 30μm and a spacing of 6.5mm between each P1 channel, for a total of 6 P1 channels scribing.
[0070] 3) After the sample has cooled to room temperature, spin-coat the precursor solution of the hole transport layer material onto the fluorine tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass. Set the process parameters to 3000 rpm and 30 s. Use a 1000 μL pipette to take 600 μL of the precursor solution and drop it onto the substrate. Spin the substrate at high speed using the set parameters. Then anneal at 100 °C for 10 min on a heating stage to prepare the hole transport layer 4.
[0071] 4) After the sample has cooled to room temperature, spin-coat the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3 onto the hole transport layer 4. Set the process parameters to 3000 rpm and 30 s. Use a 1000 μL pipette to take 1000 μL of the precursor solution of the perovskite light-absorbing layer material and drop it onto the substrate. After spin-coating, place it in a vacuum chamber and evacuate it to 10 Pa and hold the pressure for 10 s. Then anneal it at 120 °C for 20 min on a heating stage to prepare the perovskite light-absorbing layer 3.
[0072] 5) Place the sample obtained in step 4) in a vacuum thermal evaporation apparatus to deposit a 25 nm electron transport layer C60 (fullerene) and an 8 nm hole blocking layer BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), with the deposition rate controlled between 0.1 and 0.2 A / s.
[0073] 6) Laser scribing of P2 channels on the sample surface in step 5) using a wavelength of 355 nm and a power of 30 W, with a spacing of 20 μm between the P2 and P1 channels, a width of 80 μm for each P2 channel, and a spacing of 6.5 mm between each channel, for a total of 6 P2 channels scribing.
[0074] 7) Apply the sample obtained in step 6) to a mask that exposes only the P2 channel, and apply conductive carbon paste by scraping to fill the P2 channel. Then anneal at 120°C for 20 minutes on a heating table.
[0075] 8) Place the sample obtained in step 7) in a vacuum thermal evaporation apparatus and deposit a 100 nm Ag electrode at a rate controlled between 0.1 and 0.2 A / s.
[0076] 9) Laser scribing of P3 channels on the sample surface in step 8) using a wavelength of 355 nm and a power of 45 W, with a spacing of 20 μm between the P3 channel and the P2 channel, a width of 30 μm for each P3 channel, and a spacing of 6.5 mm between each P3 channel, for a total of 6 P3 channels scribing, thus obtaining the inverted pin structure perovskite solar cell module.
[0077] Performance testing
[0078] 1) The efficiency of the perovskite solar cell modules prepared in the above embodiments and comparative examples was tested. The specific test conditions were: standard light intensity 1000 W / m². 2 AM 1.5 spectrum.
[0079] The test results are shown in Table 1:
[0080] Table 1 Efficiency Test Results
[0081]
[0082] As shown in Table 1, the conductivity of the device is improved after adding the conductive support structure, as evidenced by the improvement in Jsc and FF. This is due to the conductive paste reducing the series resistance of the battery.
[0083] 2) The perovskite solar cell modules prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to maximum power point tracking (MPPT) tests for 1000 hours.
[0084] The test results are shown in Table 2 (the original effective rate was 1).
[0085] Table 2 Results of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Test for 1000 Hours
[0086] Efficiency after 1000 hours Comparative Example 1 0.88 Example 1 0.92 Example 2 0.9
[0087] As shown in Table 2, the addition of the conductive support structure greatly reduces the risk of collapse and disconnection of the back electrode connection in the originally fragile P2 channel, resulting in less performance degradation during continuous tracking tests.
[0088] Obviously, the above embodiments of this utility model are merely examples for clearly illustrating this utility model, and are not intended to limit the implementation of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to exhaustively list all the implementation methods here. All obvious variations or modifications derived from the technical solutions of this utility model are still within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A perovskite solar cell module, comprising a plurality of single-cell perovskite solar cells sharing a single substrate, and P1 channels, P2 channels, and P3 channels for separating the plurality of single-cell perovskite solar cells and forming a series structure, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell module includes a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a functional layer and a back electrode layer stacked in sequence. The P2 channels are etched at equal intervals on the functional layer and penetrate the functional layer perpendicularly. A conductive support structure is filled within the P2 channel.
2. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the conductive support structure is flush with the upper surface of the functional layer and closely adheres to the back electrode layer.
3. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The conductive support structure is made of one of the following materials: silver, carbon, or graphene.
4. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the single-cell perovskite solar cell is an inverted pin-type cell structure, the functional layer includes, sequentially stacked from the transparent conductive layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and an electron transport layer. When the single-cell perovskite solar cell is a formal nip-type cell structure, the functional layer includes, in sequence from the transparent conductive layer, an electron transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, and a hole transport layer.
5. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The P1 channels are etched at equal intervals on the transparent conductive layer and penetrate the transparent conductive layer perpendicularly; the P1 channels are filled with the material of the hole transport layer or the material of the electron transport layer.
6. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The width of the P1 channel is 10-120 μm, and the spacing between each P1 channel is 3-10 mm.
7. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The width of the P2 channel is 30 to 180 μm, and each P2 channel is spaced 5 to 100 μm apart from the P1 channel.
8. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The P3 channels are etched at equal intervals on the back electrode layer and penetrate vertically through the back electrode layer.
9. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The width of the P3 channel is 20 to 100 μm, and each P3 channel is spaced 5 to 100 μm apart from the P2 channel.
10. The perovskite solar cell module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate is a glass substrate; The transparent conductive layer is an indium tin oxide layer, a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer, or an indium zinc oxide layer; The back electrode layer is a silver electrode layer.