Perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module

Abstract

The utility model relates to photovoltaic technical field especially relates to a kind of perovskite crystalline silicon four-end laminated photovoltaic module.The perovskite crystalline silicon four-end laminated photovoltaic module includes perovskite component and crystalline silicon component.Edge of perovskite component is provided with at least one gap.Crystalline silicon component includes laminated part and frame, and frame is wrapped around the four of laminated part.Perovskite component is set on the front of crystalline silicon component, and the backplate glass of perovskite component is overlapped on the frame of crystalline silicon component and is formed with frame and laminated part to form accommodating chamber;Gap is communicated with accommodating chamber.The perovskite crystalline silicon four-end laminated photovoltaic module can improve power generation efficiency, save cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the rapid development of photovoltaic technology, the power generation efficiency of early-built photovoltaic power plants has been declining year by year because the conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic modules used is significantly lower than that of current mainstream products. If these old power plants are directly replaced with high-efficiency new modules, the original crystalline silicon modules need to be completely removed, resulting in the premature scrapping of a large number of hardware devices that have not yet reached their design lifespan, leading to high replacement costs and resource waste.

[0003] In the existing technology, the renovation solutions for such power plants are mostly limited to partial equipment replacement or system expansion, which makes it difficult to achieve a significant improvement in efficiency while retaining the original power generation facilities, thus restricting the sustainable use of old photovoltaic power plants.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module to solve the above technical problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to propose a perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module to improve power generation efficiency and save costs.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] This utility model provides a perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, comprising:

[0008] A perovskite assembly having at least one notch at its edge;

[0009] A crystalline silicon module, the crystalline silicon module comprising a laminate and a frame, the frame being wrapped around the laminate;

[0010] The perovskite module is disposed on the front side of the crystalline silicon module, and the back glass of the perovskite module overlaps the frame of the crystalline silicon module and together with the frame and the laminate forms an accommodating chamber.

[0011] The notch communicates with the receiving chamber.

[0012] As an optional technical solution for a perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, the perovskite module includes a front glass, a perovskite cell layer and a back glass stacked sequentially along the light direction; the notch includes a first notch provided on the front glass and a second notch provided on the back glass, the first notch and the second notch being provided correspondingly;

[0013] The first notch, the second notch, the frame, and the laminate together form an injection hole, which communicates with the receiving chamber.

[0014] As an optional technical solution for a perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, both the first notch and the second notch are isosceles right triangles.

[0015] As an optional technical solution for a perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, the waist length of both the first notch and the second notch is set between 25mm and 32mm.

[0016] As an optional technical solution for a perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, the front glass has a first long side and a first short side adjacent to each other, and the back glass has a second long side and a second short side adjacent to each other; the first notch is formed at the junction of the first long side and the first short side, and the second notch is formed at the junction of the second long side and the second short side.

[0017] As an optional technical solution for a perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, the front glass is provided with lead-out holes, and the perovskite module also includes a junction box and a busbar. One end of the busbar is electrically connected to the perovskite cell layer, and the other end of the busbar passes through the lead-out holes and is electrically connected to the junction box. The junction box is located on the side of the front glass away from the perovskite cell layer.

[0018] As an optional technical solution for a perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, the perovskite module further includes a first conductive tape and a second conductive tape. One end of the first conductive tape is bonded to the positive electrode of the perovskite cell layer, and one end of the second conductive tape is bonded to the negative electrode of the perovskite cell layer. The ends of the first conductive tape away from the positive electrode and the ends of the second conductive tape away from the negative electrode are both bonded to one end of the busbar. The other end of the busbar passes through the lead-out hole and is electrically connected to the junction box.

[0019] As an optional technical solution for a perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, the distance between the lead-out hole and the first short side is set to 15mm-25mm.

[0020] As an optional technical solution for a perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, the perovskite module further includes an encapsulating film, which is disposed on the perovskite cell layer and configured to encapsulate the perovskite cell layer on the front glass. The encapsulating film has a preset distance from the edge of the front glass.

[0021] As an optional technical solution for a perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, the perovskite module further includes edge sealing tape, which is encapsulated around the encapsulation film; and the thickness of the edge sealing tape is the same as the thickness of the encapsulation film.

[0022] As an optional technical solution for a perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, the perovskite cell layer is deposited on the inner side of the front glass panel. The perovskite cell layer includes a transparent conductive oxide layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a passivation layer, an electron transport layer, and a transparent electrode layer, which are stacked sequentially along the light-irradiation direction.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this utility model include at least the following:

[0024] This invention provides a perovskite-crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, comprising a perovskite module and a crystalline silicon module. The perovskite module has at least one notch at its edge. The crystalline silicon module includes a laminate and a frame, with the frame surrounding the laminate. The perovskite module is positioned on the front of the crystalline silicon module, and the backsheet glass of the perovskite module overlaps the frame of the crystalline silicon module, forming a receiving cavity together with the frame and the laminate; the notch communicates with the receiving cavity.

[0025] The above describes a process where perovskite modules are physically stacked on the front of crystalline silicon modules, and then adhesive is applied to fill the cavity through a notch, thus achieving bonding between the perovskite and crystalline silicon modules and forming a perovskite-crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module. Crystalline silicon modules have good absorption of the long-wavelength infrared portion of sunlight, but relatively weak absorption of the short-wavelength visible and ultraviolet light; while perovskite modules have strong absorption of the short-wavelength visible and ultraviolet light. By physically stacking perovskite modules onto existing crystalline silicon modules in a perovskite-crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module through adhesive application, the perovskite modules absorb high-energy photons, while the crystalline silicon modules absorb low-energy photons, thereby utilizing the solar spectrum more efficiently, reducing photon waste, and improving overall power generation efficiency. Furthermore, it eliminates the need to remove the existing crystalline silicon modules in the photovoltaic power station, significantly reducing the retrofitting costs of older photovoltaic power stations and enabling their sustainable use. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this utility model will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the content of the embodiments of this utility model and these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the perovskite component provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the perovskite component provided in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal stacked photovoltaic module provided in this embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure Labels

[0031] 10. Perovskite module; 11. Front panel glass; 111. First notch; 112. Outlet hole; 12. Back panel glass; 121. Second notch; 13. Junction box; 14. First conductive tape; 15. Second conductive tape; 16. Encapsulating film; 17. Edge sealing tape;

[0032] 20. Crystalline silicon module; 21. Laminated component; 22. Frame;

[0033] 30. Glue injection hole. Detailed Implementation

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0035] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0037] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this utility model is in use. They are used only for the convenience of describing this utility model and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0038] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0039] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0040] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0041] This embodiment provides a perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, which improves power generation efficiency and saves costs.

[0042] like Figures 1-3As shown, the perovskite-silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module mainly includes a perovskite module 10 and a crystalline silicon module 20. The perovskite module 10 has at least one notch at its edge. The crystalline silicon module 20 includes a laminate 21 and a frame 22, with the frame 22 surrounding the laminate 21. The perovskite module 10 is positioned on the front of the crystalline silicon module 20, and the backsheet glass 12 of the perovskite module 10 overlaps the frame 22 of the crystalline silicon module 20, forming a receiving cavity together with the frame 22 and the laminate 21; the notch communicates with the receiving cavity.

[0043] Based on the above design, in this embodiment, the perovskite module 10 is physically stacked on the front side of the crystalline silicon module 20, and then glue is poured into the notch to fill the accommodating cavity, thereby achieving the adhesive connection between the perovskite module 10 and the crystalline silicon module 20, thus forming a perovskite-crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module. Since the crystalline silicon module 20 has a good absorption effect on the long-wavelength infrared portion of sunlight, but its absorption of the short-wavelength visible and ultraviolet light is relatively weak; while the perovskite module 10 has a strong absorption capacity for short-wavelength visible and ultraviolet light. By physically stacking the perovskite module 10 on the crystalline silicon module 20 of the current power plant through glue pouring to form a perovskite-crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, the perovskite module 10 can absorb high-energy photons, while the crystalline silicon module 20 absorbs low-energy photons, thus enabling more efficient utilization of the solar spectrum, reducing photon waste, and improving overall power generation efficiency. There is no need to remove the existing crystalline silicon modules 20 in the power station, which greatly saves the renovation cost of the old photovoltaic power station and enables the old photovoltaic power station to be used sustainably.

[0044] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the perovskite module 10 in this embodiment includes a front glass panel 11, a perovskite solar cell layer (not shown in the figure), and a back glass panel 12, which are sequentially stacked along the light illumination direction. The notches include a first notch 111 on the front glass panel 11 and a second notch 121 on the back glass panel 12, which are correspondingly arranged. The first notch 111, the second notch 121, the frame 22, and the laminate 21 together form a glue injection hole 30, which communicates with the receiving chamber.

[0045] It should be noted that the adhesive used in this embodiment is a transparent adhesive. After the adhesive is poured and cured, the bonding and connection between the crystalline silicon module 20 and the perovskite module 10 is achieved.

[0046] In some alternative embodiments, the first notch 111 and the second notch 121 are both isosceles right triangles, and the first notch 111 and the second notch 121 are the same size, which facilitates glue dispensing and avoids interference problems caused by the inconsistent size of the first notch 111 and the second notch 121 to the glue dispensing device.

[0047] For example, in this embodiment, the length of the sides of both the first notch 111 and the second notch 121 is set between 25mm and 32mm. In other words, the length of the sides of the first notch 111 and the second notch 121 of the isosceles right triangle is set between 25mm and 32mm, for example, it can be set to 25mm, 30mm, 32mm, etc.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the front glass panel 11 has a first long side and a first short side adjacent to each other, and the back glass panel 12 has a second long side and a second short side adjacent to each other. A first notch 111 is formed at the junction of the first long side and the first short side, and a second notch 121 is formed at the junction of the second long side and the second short side. In other words, in this embodiment, the first notch 111 is formed in any one of the four corners of the front glass panel 11, and the second notch 121 is formed in any one of the four corners of the back glass panel 12. This facilitates the cutting and processing of the first notch 111 and the second notch 121, reduces the risk of microcracks in the front glass panel 11 and the back glass panel 12, and improves mechanical strength.

[0049] Optionally, in this embodiment, both the first notch 111 and the second notch 121 can be configured as multiple, thereby improving the glue dispensing efficiency. For example, they can both be configured as 2, 3, or 4.

[0050] In some optional embodiments, the perovskite solar cell layer is deposited on the inner side of the front glass 11. The perovskite solar cell layer includes a transparent conductive oxide layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a passivation layer, an electron transport layer, and a transparent electrode layer, which are sequentially stacked along the light illumination direction.

[0051] Alternatively, the transparent conductive oxide layer (TCO) can be configured as an indium tin oxide layer (ITO), a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer (FTO), etc.

[0052] The perovskite solar cell layer is deposited on the inner side of the front glass 11, thus enabling the front glass 11 to serve as the outermost support structure for the perovskite solar cell layer. A hole transport layer directly covers the inner surface of the TCO layer, used for collecting and transporting holes. The perovskite light-absorbing layer serves as the core light absorption and carrier generation layer. A passivation layer coats the surface of the perovskite layer, used to reduce interface defects and non-radiative recombination. An electron transport layer is disposed adjacent to the passivation layer, responsible for electron extraction and transport. The transparent electrode layer, as the innermost conductive layer, is in direct contact with the electron transport layer, forming a complete charge collection circuit. The transparent conductive oxide layer serves as the positive electrode of the perovskite solar cell layer, and the transparent electrode layer serves as the negative electrode, forming a vertical charge transport path to achieve the directional separation and output of photogenerated carriers.

[0053] In some alternative implementations, the TCO layer is located on the inner surface of the front glass 11, and has high light transmittance and a specific sheet resistance range to meet the synergistic requirements of light absorption and charge transport.

[0054] In some optional embodiments, after the perovskite solar cell layer is fabricated, a laser is used to scribing along its long side parallel to divide the large-area perovskite solar cell layer into several small, uniformly wide cell strips. This design reduces series resistance loss by shortening the lateral carrier transport distance, while avoiding overall performance degradation due to local defects. Simultaneously, the perovskite solar cell layer is removed from the periphery of the front glass 11 (within 15mm-25mm of the edge of the front glass 11) using laser or chemical etching to form an insulating edge cleaning region. This process eliminates the risk of leakage or short circuits caused by material layer stacking at the edges of the perovskite solar cell layer, while ensuring the insulation reliability of the frame 22 encapsulation area of ​​the perovskite module 10 and preventing electrochemical corrosion in humid environments.

[0055] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment of the perovskite crystalline silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, a through-hole 112 is provided in the edge region of the front glass 11. The perovskite module 10 includes a junction box 13 and a busbar (not shown in the figure). One end of the busbar is electrically connected to the electrodes of the perovskite cell layer (such as the electrodes corresponding to the transparent electrode layer or the hole transport layer) by welding or bonding with conductive adhesive. The other end extends through the through-hole 112 to the outside of the front glass 11 and is connected to the circuit inside the junction box 13. The junction box 13 is fixed to the back surface of the front glass 11 (i.e., the side facing away from the perovskite cell layer). With this structure, the electrode current can be directly led out to the external junction box 13 through the busbar, avoiding the complexity of additional drilling or external wires in traditional modules, while reducing the risk of corrosion of the electrical connection by the external environment.

[0056] Furthermore, the perovskite module 10 in this embodiment also includes a first conductive tape 14 and a second conductive tape 15. One end of the first conductive tape 14 is bonded to the positive electrode of the perovskite solar cell layer (such as the TCO layer corresponding to the hole transport layer), and one end of the second conductive tape 15 is bonded to the negative electrode of the perovskite solar cell layer (such as the transparent electrode layer). The ends of the first conductive tape 14 and the second conductive tape 15 away from the negative electrode are both bonded to one end of the busbar. The other end of the busbar passes through the lead-out hole 112 and is electrically connected to the busbar in the junction box 13. This design replaces the traditional welding process with flexible conductive tapes (first conductive tape 14 and second conductive tape 15), reducing the risk of thermal stress damage to the perovskite solar cell layer, while simplifying the assembly process and improving the reliability of the electrode connection.

[0057] Optionally, the distance between the lead-out hole 112 and the first short side is set to 15mm-25mm. This distance range can ensure that the lead-out hole 112 avoids the stress concentration area at the edge of the front glass 11, reducing the risk of cracking of the front glass 11, while facilitating the compact layout of the busbar and junction box 13, reducing cable length and power loss.

[0058] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the surface of the perovskite solar cell layer is covered with an encapsulating film 16 (such as POE, TPU, or EVA film), the edge of which maintains a preset distance (e.g., 8mm to 25mm) from the perimeter of the front glass 11. The encapsulating film 16 tightly encapsulates each functional layer of the perovskite solar cell layer onto the front glass 11, preventing moisture penetration. By leaving an edge gap, the encapsulating film 16 is prevented from overflowing to the edge of the front glass 11 and affecting subsequent edge sealing processes, while providing bonding space for the edge sealing tape 17, thus improving overall sealing performance.

[0059] An edge-sealing tape 17 (such as silicone or butyl tape) is further disposed around the periphery of the encapsulating film 16. The thickness of the edge-sealing tape 17 is the same as the thickness of the encapsulating film 16, so that the encapsulating film 16 and the edge-sealing tape 17 form a flat sealing interface. This structure effectively eliminates the stress concentration problem caused by the interlayer height difference, while preventing water and oxygen from entering from the side of the perovskite module 10, thus extending the service life of the perovskite module 10.

[0060] Obviously, the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Many other equivalent embodiments may be included without departing from the concept of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

[0061] Note that in the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "some embodiments," "other embodiments," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this utility model. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

Claims

1. A perovskite-silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module, characterized in that, include: A perovskite component (10), wherein at least one notch is provided on the edge of the perovskite component (10); A crystalline silicon module (20) includes a laminate (21) and a frame (22), the frame (22) being wrapped around the laminate (21); The perovskite module (10) is disposed on the front side of the crystalline silicon module (20), and the back glass (12) of the perovskite module (10) overlaps the frame (22) of the crystalline silicon module (20) and together with the frame (22) and the laminate (21) form an accommodating chamber. The notch communicates with the receiving chamber.

2. The perovskite silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that, The perovskite module (10) includes a front glass (11), a perovskite cell layer and a back glass (12) stacked sequentially along the light direction; the notch includes a first notch (111) on the front glass (11) and a second notch (121) on the back glass (12), and the first notch (111) and the second notch (121) are provided correspondingly; The first notch (111), the second notch (121), the frame (22), and the laminate (21) together form an injection hole (30), which is connected to the accommodating chamber.

3. The perovskite silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the first gap (111) and the second gap (121) are isosceles right triangles.

4. The perovskite silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The front glass panel (11) has a first long side and a first short side that are adjacent to each other, and the back glass panel (12) has a second long side and a second short side that are adjacent to each other; the first notch (111) is formed at the junction of the first long side and the first short side, and the second notch (121) is formed at the junction of the second long side and the second short side.

5. The perovskite silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module according to claim 4, characterized in that, The front glass (11) is provided with an outlet hole (112). The perovskite module (10) also includes a junction box (13) and a busbar. One end of the busbar is electrically connected to the perovskite cell layer, and the other end of the busbar passes through the outlet hole (112) and is electrically connected to the junction box (13). The junction box (13) is located on the side of the front glass (11) away from the perovskite cell layer.

6. The perovskite silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The perovskite module (10) further includes a first conductive tape (14) and a second conductive tape (15). One end of the first conductive tape (14) is bonded to the positive electrode of the perovskite solar cell layer, and one end of the second conductive tape (15) is bonded to the negative electrode of the perovskite solar cell layer. The ends of the first conductive tape (14) away from the positive electrode and the ends of the second conductive tape (15) away from the negative electrode are both bonded to one end of the busbar. The other end of the busbar passes through the lead-out hole (112) and is electrically connected to the junction box (13).

7. The perovskite silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module according to claim 5, characterized in that, The distance between the lead-out hole (112) and the first short side is set to 15mm-25mm.

8. The perovskite silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module according to claim 2, characterized in that, The perovskite module (10) further includes an encapsulating film (16) disposed on the perovskite cell layer. The encapsulating film (16) is configured to encapsulate the perovskite cell layer onto the front glass (11). The encapsulating film (16) has a preset distance from the edge of the front glass (11).

9. The perovskite-silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The perovskite component (10) further includes an edge sealing tape (17), which is encapsulated around the encapsulation film (16); and the thickness of the edge sealing tape (17) is the same as the thickness of the encapsulation film (16).

10. The perovskite silicon four-terminal tandem photovoltaic module according to claim 8, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell layer is deposited on the inner side of the front glass (11). The perovskite solar cell layer includes a transparent conductive oxide layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light-absorbing layer, a passivation layer, an electron transport layer and a transparent electrode layer stacked sequentially along the light illumination direction.

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