A single interface multi-power source identification charging control circuit

Abstract

The utility model discloses a single interface multi -power identification charging control circuit, including input interface, input detection unit, power sampling unit, control processing unit, output control unit and battery output interface, input interface is used for connecting solar power or direct current adapter power, input detection unit is used for detecting input voltage and current, power sampling unit is through the step -by -step adjustment charging current, and the input voltage and current under different currents are sampled to calculate input power, control processing unit identifies input power type according to sampling data to control output control unit to the battery charging in constant voltage or constant current mode. The circuit can realize the automatic identification and matching type charging control of solar energy and direct current adapter through single input interface, has the advantages such as simple structure, strong adaptability and high charging efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of intelligent charging control technology, and in particular to a charging control circuit with single-interface multi-power source identification. Background Technology

[0002] With the widespread development of portable energy storage, power tools, and outdoor emergency equipment, more and more electronic products support charging via various DC power input methods, including solar panels and AC adapters (DC adapters). Due to the different power supply characteristics of these two types of power sources, existing charging devices typically employ multiple independent power interfaces and design corresponding power identification and control circuits for each to meet compatibility requirements in different usage scenarios.

[0003] However, the dual-interface structure in the existing technology not only increases the circuit board area and structural complexity, but also brings the following problems: (1) Multiple input interfaces require different detection and switching components, which increases material and production costs; (2) The interfaces are easily confused when used, which may lead to mis-insertion, mis-identification or damage to the equipment; (3) The switching and identification control is relatively primitive, lacks real-time sampling and analysis of the input power characteristics, and cannot achieve maximum power point tracking control, which will result in low charging efficiency, especially in solar energy applications.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a charging control circuit with a simpler structure, more intelligent identification, and maximum power point tracking capability, so as to realize automatic identification and optimal charging control of different power types through a single interface, thereby reducing system costs and improving energy efficiency and reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a single-interface multi-power source identification charging control circuit to solve the problem that existing technologies cannot identify and adapt to multiple power sources using a single interface. This utility model discloses a single-interface multi-power source identification charging control circuit, including an input interface, an input detection unit, a power sampling unit, a control processing unit, an output control unit, and a battery output interface. The input interface is used to connect to a solar power source or a DC adapter power source; the input detection unit is used to detect the input voltage and current; the power sampling unit samples the input voltage and current under different currents by gradually adjusting the charging current and calculates the input power; the control processing unit identifies the input power source type based on the sampling data and controls the output control unit to charge the battery in a constant voltage or constant current manner. This circuit can achieve automatic identification and matching charging control of solar energy and DC adapters through a single input interface, and has the advantages of simplified structure, strong adaptability, and high charging efficiency.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a charging control circuit with single-interface multi-power source identification, the circuit including an input interface, an input detection unit, a power sampling unit, a control processing unit, an output control unit, and a battery output interface;

[0007] The input interface is used to connect to an external power supply device;

[0008] The input detection unit is connected to the input interface and is used to detect the input voltage and input current, and send the detection signal to the control processing unit;

[0009] The power sampling unit is connected to the input interface and is used to sample the input voltage and input current corresponding to different charging currents during the charging process, and calculate the corresponding input power value.

[0010] The control processing unit is connected to the input detection unit, the power sampling unit, and the output control unit respectively, and is used to identify the input power type according to the input power change curve and control the output control unit to match the corresponding charging strategy.

[0011] The output control unit is connected to the battery output interface and is used to output constant voltage or constant current charging current to the battery according to the control signal of the control processing unit.

[0012] Optionally, the input detection unit includes a voltage sampling circuit and a current sampling circuit, which are used to collect input voltage and input current, respectively, and output them to the control processing unit through an analog-to-digital converter.

[0013] Optionally, the power sampling unit records the corresponding input voltage and input current values ​​by gradually increasing the charging current, and calculates the input power under different currents to determine the maximum power point.

[0014] Optionally, the control processing unit determines the input power type based on:

[0015] When the voltage corresponding to the maximum input power point detected is close to the no-load voltage, it is identified as a DC adapter;

[0016] When the maximum power point voltage is much lower than the no-load voltage, it is identified as a solar power source.

[0017] Optionally, when the control processing unit identifies the power source as a DC adapter, it controls the output control unit to charge the battery in a constant current mode.

[0018] When the battery is identified as a solar power source, the control output control unit charges the battery in a constant input voltage mode.

[0019] Optionally, the control processing unit is a microcontroller unit used to execute the maximum power point tracking algorithm and automatically match the corresponding charging method according to different input power sources.

[0020] Optionally, the output path of the output control unit is provided with an anti-backflow element to prevent the battery terminal current from flowing back into the input interface.

[0021] Optionally, the input interface has a unified standard structure that is compatible with solar plugs and DC adapter plugs. Its structure is equipped with a limiting groove or polarity structure to prevent incorrect connection direction.

[0022] Optionally, the input interface is equipped with an anti-misinsertion mechanism, including a mechanical structure design or a physical positioning structure, to limit the insertion direction and position of the non-matching plug.

[0023] Optionally, the control processing unit is connected to a non-volatile memory for storing voltage, current and power characteristic parameters of different power sources, and for comparison and judgment and control strategy selection during the charging control process.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided in this application has the following advantages: This application achieves compatible access to both solar energy and DC adapters through a single input interface, avoiding material waste and structural redundancy caused by multiple interfaces and their supporting components. By sampling the input power curve, the input power type is automatically identified, effectively preventing users from misplugging or misusing the system, thus improving system intelligence and safety. MPPT algorithm control is implemented using a power sampling unit and a control processing unit, which can dynamically track the maximum power point of the solar power source, improving solar charging efficiency. Based on the identification results, constant voltage or constant current charging strategies are adopted respectively to meet the differentiated requirements of different power types for charging control methods, improving battery safety and system adaptability. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example with reference numerals in the accompanying drawings. These illustrations do not constitute a limitation on the embodiments. Elements with the same reference numerals in the drawings are denoted as similar elements. Unless otherwise stated, the figures in the drawings are not to be limited by scale.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of a single-interface multi-power source identification charging control circuit provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0030] The following disclosure provides numerous different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of the invention. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples. Such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed.

[0031] To address the problems in existing technologies, this application achieves compatible access to both solar energy and DC adapters through a single input interface, avoiding the material waste and structural redundancy issues associated with multiple interfaces and their associated components. By sampling the input power curve, the system automatically identifies the input power type, effectively preventing user mis-plugging or misuse, and improving system intelligence and safety. Utilizing an MPPT algorithm control system with a power sampling unit and control processing unit, the system can dynamically track the maximum power point of the solar power source, improving solar charging efficiency. Based on the identification results, constant voltage or constant current charging strategies are adopted to meet the differentiated requirements of different power types for charging control methods, improving battery safety and system adaptability.

[0032] Figure 1 A circuit diagram of a single-interface multi-power source identification charging control circuit provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. The circuit includes an input interface, an input detection unit, a power sampling unit, a control processing unit, an output control unit, and a battery output interface.

[0033] The input interface is used to connect to an external power supply device;

[0034] The input detection unit is connected to the input interface and is used to detect the input voltage and input current, and send the detection signal to the control processing unit;

[0035] The power sampling unit is connected to the input interface and is used to sample the input voltage and input current corresponding to different charging currents during the charging process, and calculate the corresponding input power value.

[0036] The control processing unit is connected to the input detection unit, the power sampling unit, and the output control unit respectively, and is used to identify the input power type according to the input power change curve and control the output control unit to match the corresponding charging strategy.

[0037] The output control unit is connected to the battery output interface and is used to output constant voltage or constant current charging current to the battery according to the control signal of the control processing unit.

[0038] Furthermore, the input interface has a unified standard structure that is compatible with solar plugs and DC adapter plugs. Its structure is equipped with a limiting groove or polarity structure to prevent incorrect connection direction.

[0039] The input interface is equipped with an anti-misinsertion mechanism, including a mechanical structure design or a physical positioning structure, to limit the insertion direction and position of the non-matching plug.

[0040] In this embodiment, the input interface adopts a standardized circular interface with internal limiting grooves and polarity identification structures (such as a positive center and a negative outer ring) to accommodate the physical dimensions of solar plugs and DC adapter plugs. The interface shell is made of insulating material, and the internal pins use anti-misinsertion mechanical structures (such as an asymmetrical pin layout) to restrict the insertion of non-matching plugs. The function of the input interface is to connect to external power supply equipment (solar panel or DC adapter) to provide input power to the system.

[0041] Furthermore, the input detection unit includes a voltage sampling circuit and a current sampling circuit, which are used to collect input voltage and input current, respectively, and output them to the control processing unit through an analog-to-digital converter.

[0042] In this embodiment, the input detection unit includes a voltage sampling circuit: composed of voltage divider resistors, one end connected to the voltage terminal of the input interface, and the other end grounded. The input voltage Vi is acquired through the CH1 channel of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with a resolution of 12 bits. The current sampling circuit uses a high-precision sampling resistor (0.1Ω) connected in series in the input circuit. The sampled voltage is amplified by operational amplifier U2, and the input current Ii is acquired through the CH2 channel of the ADC with a magnification factor of 10.

[0043] Furthermore, the power sampling unit records the corresponding input voltage and input current values ​​by gradually increasing the charging current, and calculates the input power under different currents to determine the maximum power point.

[0044] In this embodiment, the power sampling unit samples by gradually increasing the charging current (by 1mA each time) by controlling the MOS transistor Q1. The power sampling module records the Vi and Ii values ​​under the corresponding current in real time and calculates the input power Pi = Vi × Ii.

[0045] The circuit also includes a storage unit for using three data recording buffers (Buffer1-3), each buffer storing parameters such as Vi, Ii, Pi, Vo, Io, and Po, implemented by the internal RAM of the microcontroller (MCU).

[0046] Furthermore, the control processing unit is a microcontroller unit used to execute the maximum power point tracking algorithm and automatically match the corresponding charging method according to different input power sources.

[0047] The control processing unit is connected to a non-volatile memory for storing voltage, current and power characteristic parameters of different power sources, and for comparison and judgment and control strategy selection during the charging control process.

[0048] In this embodiment, the core chip of the control processing unit (MCU U3) is an STM32F103RCT6 microcontroller, which integrates an ADC module, timer, and memory unit. Its function is to execute the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm and analyze the power voltage curve (PU curve) to identify the power supply type. It stores power supply characteristic parameters (such as DC adapter open-circuit voltage Viop, solar maximum power point voltage threshold, etc.) in non-volatile memory.

[0049] Furthermore, the output control unit is equipped with an anti-backflow element in its output path to prevent battery current from flowing back into the input interface.

[0050] In this embodiment, the constant current / constant voltage switching circuit of the output control unit consists of a DC-DC converter (such as LM2596) and a MOSFET. An anti-backflow element is used to connect a Schottky diode (forward voltage drop 0.3V) in series in the output path to prevent battery current from flowing back into the input interface. An anti-backflow element (such as a MOSFET or Schottky diode) is provided in the output control path to automatically cut off the path when the power is disconnected or the battery voltage is higher than the input voltage, preventing energy backflow from damaging the power supply equipment. The anti-backflow control logic can be managed by the control processing unit.

[0051] In this embodiment, the battery output interface is connected to a rechargeable battery (such as a lithium battery pack), supports constant current / constant voltage charging mode, and has a built-in temperature sensor (not shown) to monitor the battery temperature in real time and feed it back to the MCU.

[0052] Furthermore, the control processing unit determines the input power type based on the following criteria:

[0053] When the voltage corresponding to the maximum input power point detected is close to the no-load voltage, it is identified as a DC adapter;

[0054] When the maximum power point voltage is much lower than the no-load voltage, it is identified as a solar power source.

[0055] Furthermore, when the control processing unit identifies the power source as a DC adapter, it controls the output control unit to charge the battery in a constant current mode.

[0056] When the battery is identified as a solar power source, the control output control unit charges the battery in a constant input voltage mode.

[0057] This application implements the following process in the control processing unit to achieve identification and charging control: the basis for the control processing unit to determine the input power type, and the specific implementation description of inputting different charging modes according to the basis for determining the input power type are as follows:

[0058] (1) Initialization phase: Initialize three data recording channels. Each channel contains the following fields: input voltage Vi, input current Ii, input power Pi, output voltage Vo, output current Io, and output power Po. Clear all initial values ​​to zero.

[0059] (2) Power sampling stage: After the input power supply connection and battery connection are detected, the charging current starts from 0mA and gradually increases in units of 1mA. After each increase, the input voltage and current are collected and the input power is calculated. At the same time, the voltage Viop at 0mA is recorded as the no-load voltage reference.

[0060] (3) Maximum power point identification: After collecting three sets of data, compare the input power of the three. If the power of the middle data is the largest, it is regarded as the peak of the current power curve. The voltage of this peak is compared with Viop.

[0061] (4) Power source type judgment: If the maximum power point voltage is approximately equal to Viop, it is judged to be a DC adapter; if the maximum power point voltage is much smaller than Viop (e.g., <0.8×Viop), it is judged to be a solar power source.

[0062] (5) Charging mode selection: If it is a DC adapter, the control output control unit enters the constant current charging mode and charges at the current value corresponding to the maximum power point. If it is a solar power source, it enters the constant voltage mode and charges at the constant voltage of the maximum power point.

[0063] Compared to existing technologies (such as requiring two separate interfaces to identify solar energy and the adapter respectively), the circuit of this invention has the following significant advantages: Reduced structure and cost: Multi-power compatibility is achieved through a single standardized input interface, reducing hardware costs and structural complexity; Intelligent identification: Based on power curve analysis and maximum power point determination, no additional communication or external identification circuits are required; Enhanced safety against backflow: Flexible and expandable program implementation: The control algorithm is entirely software-based, allowing for rapid adaptation to different load requirements and system platforms.

[0064] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is merely an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The functional units and modules in the embodiments can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit. Furthermore, the specific names of the functional units and modules are only for easy differentiation and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. The specific working process of the units and modules in the above system can be referred to the corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0065] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts that are not described in detail or recorded in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0066] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed in this application can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0067] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices / terminal equipment and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device / terminal equipment embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For instance, the division of modules or units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the displayed or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0068] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0069] If the integrated module / unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can also be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of the various method embodiments described above. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in the form of source code, object code, executable files, or certain intermediate forms. The computer-readable medium can include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording media, USB flash drives, portable hard drives, magnetic disks, optical disks, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electrical carrier signals, telecommunication signals, and software distribution media, etc. It should be noted that the content included in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately added or removed according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media do not include electrical carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0070] The implementation of all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can also be accomplished by a computer program product. When the computer program product is run on a terminal device, the terminal device can implement the steps in the various method embodiments described above.

[0071] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit it. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A charging control circuit with single-interface multi-power source identification, the circuit comprising an input interface, an input detection unit, a power sampling unit, a control processing unit, an output control unit, and a battery output interface; The input interface is used to connect to an external power supply device; The input detection unit is connected to the input interface and is used to detect the input voltage and input current, and send the detection signal to the control processing unit; The power sampling unit is connected to the input interface and is used to sample the input voltage and input current corresponding to different charging currents during the charging process, and calculate the corresponding input power value. The control processing unit is connected to the input detection unit, the power sampling unit, and the output control unit respectively, and is used to identify the input power type according to the input power change curve and control the output control unit to match the corresponding charging strategy. The output control unit is connected to the battery output interface and is used to output constant voltage or constant current charging current to the battery according to the control signal of the control processing unit.

2. The charging control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input detection unit includes a voltage sampling circuit and a current sampling circuit, which are used to collect input voltage and input current, respectively, and output them to the control processing unit through an analog-to-digital converter.

3. The charging control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power sampling unit records the corresponding input voltage and input current values ​​by gradually increasing the charging current, and calculates the input power under different currents to determine the maximum power point.

4. The charging control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control processing unit determines the input power type based on the following criteria: When the voltage corresponding to the maximum input power point detected is close to the no-load voltage, it is identified as a DC adapter; When the maximum power point voltage is much lower than the no-load voltage, it is identified as a solar power source.

5. The charging control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the control processing unit identifies the power source as a DC adapter, it controls the output control unit to charge the battery in constant current mode. When the battery is identified as a solar power source, the control output control unit charges the battery in a constant input voltage mode.

6. The charging control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control processing unit is a microcontroller unit used to execute the maximum power point tracking algorithm and automatically match the corresponding charging method according to different input power sources.

7. The charging control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output control unit is equipped with an anti-backflow element in its output path to prevent battery current from flowing back into the input interface.

8. The charging control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input interface has a unified standard structure, which is compatible with solar plugs and DC adapter plugs. Its structure is equipped with a limiting groove or polarity structure to prevent incorrect connection direction.

9. The charging control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The input interface is equipped with an anti-misinsertion mechanism, including a mechanical structure design or a physical positioning structure, to limit the insertion direction and position of the non-matching plug.

10. The charging control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control processing unit is connected to a non-volatile memory for storing voltage, current and power characteristic parameters of different power sources, and for comparison and judgment and control strategy selection during the charging control process.

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