Coal blending anti-breaking device
By installing a rotatable baffle and a proximity switch in the electrical control circuit at the discharge port of the disc feeder, the problems of untimely material interruption signals and poor air cannon control in the coal blending system were solved, thus achieving continuity and accuracy in the coal blending process and improving the quality of coke refining.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANXI LUBAO GRP JINGANG ZHAOFENG COAL CHEM CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-09
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, coal blending systems suffer from problems such as untimely material shortage signals and poor manual and remote control of air cannons, resulting in low coal blending accuracy and affecting the quality of coke production.
A rotatable baffle structure and proximity switch are installed at the discharge port of the disc feeder. Combined with the electrical control circuit, this enables automatic detection of material shortage and timely activation of the air cannon to clear blockages, ensuring the continuity and accuracy of the coal blending process.
By promptly detecting and activating air cannons to clear blockages, the accuracy of coal blending was improved, processing time was reduced, and the aggravation of blockages and material spraying caused by manual control were avoided, thus ensuring the quality of coke refining.
Smart Images
Figure CN224336468U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of coal blending monitoring technology, specifically relating to a coal blending anti-shortage device. Background Technology
[0002] Coal preparation consists of two systems: coal receiving and coal blending. In the coal blending system, coal enters the coal storage silos via a conveyor belt. When the coal blending system starts feeding, it feeds the coal to the conveyor belt in a predetermined ratio via a disc feeder. The conveyor belt then passes through the disc feeders under each silo to gradually complete the mixing of the coal entering the furnace, and finally the coal is crushed and mixed by a crusher.
[0003] The coal used in coal blending production is washed and refined coal, typically with a fineness between 30% and 70%. During production and transportation, it is frequently mixed with impurities such as gangue, cloth bags, and ironware. In northern winters, frozen coal lumps may also enter the blending system. When these impurities enter the disc feeder, smaller pieces can directly block the feed hole, preventing the feeder from discharging material, causing the system to stop and resulting in low blending accuracy.
[0004] Disc feeders are crucial feeding devices in coal blending systems. They achieve precise material feeding by constantly adjusting the disc's rotation speed using a variable frequency motor. During operation, the internal structure of the disc feeder should ensure sufficient space to prevent material jamming. Simultaneously, the feeder must adequately meet the coal blending ratio requirements to avoid blockages. Prolonged coal storage in the coal bunker can cause "bulging," where large amounts of coal become stuck above the feeder, affecting the continuity and accuracy of coal blending. Therefore, an air cannon is placed at the most prone to arching and blockage, at the junction of the silo wall and the conical section. Using air as the working medium, a differential pressure device automatically controls a rapid exhaust valve, instantly converting air pressure into air jet kinetic energy, generating a powerful impact force to clear blockages through vibration. However, even with the installation of air cannons, there are still varying degrees of material blockage and material interruption. Therefore, based on the existing equipment, we need to meet production needs, eliminate material interruption, and improve the accuracy of coal blending.
[0005] Currently, existing coking enterprises mainly face the following problems:
[0006] (1) The central control is set to the feeding tonnage, and the disc feeder feeds automatically. The material shortage signal will be issued when the belt is 60-80% short. Because there are 17 silos with a large area, the inspection personnel cannot find and deal with them in time. The central control personnel can only use the belt scale to determine whether the material is cut off and then notify the site to deal with it. The PLC will start the air cannon remotely. The remote start effect is small and the effect is not ideal and cannot effectively play a role in clearing the blockage. Moreover, the feeding port is said to be about 10m away from the heavy device, which cannot be started quickly. The long time interval leads to inaccurate coal blending and affects the subsequent coke refining quality.
[0007] (2) The air cannons are set at a high density, and manual control cannot be precise. They cannot be used to clear blockages, but instead the coal becomes more compacted and the blockage worsens. In addition, a "spraying" phenomenon will occur, with a large amount of coal being sprayed out from the disc feeder.
[0008] (3) The air cannon is not effective when used at long distances, and its impact force is too small to clear the compacted coal material in the upper layer. Summary of the Invention
[0009] In order to overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as the inability to accurately control coal blending accuracy due to untimely transmission of material interruption signals and the poor performance of manual and remote control of air cannons, this utility model provides a coal blending anti-disruption device that can promptly send a signal to activate air cannons to clear blockages after coal blending is interrupted, so as to achieve the required coal blending accuracy.
[0010] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to achieve the above objectives is as follows:
[0011] A coal blending and anti-material-cutoff device includes a disc feeder, an air cannon, and a belt scale. An air cannon is installed at the most arched and clogged part of the upper hopper of the disc feeder and at the junction of the silo wall perpendicular to the cone. A belt scale with a belt weighing device is installed at the bottom of the disc feeder's discharge port. A rotatable baffle structure is installed on the discharge port of the disc feeder. A proximity switch is installed at the top of the discharge port to sense the baffle returning to its initial position after coal blending is interrupted. The proximity switch is electrically connected to the air cannon's starting circuit, and the disc feeder motor is electrically connected to the disc feeder motor's starting circuit.
[0012] Furthermore, the baffle structure includes a bracket and a baffle located at the top of the feed inlet. A proximity switch is installed in the center of the top horizontal bar of the bracket, and a rotating shaft is installed at the bottom of the vertical bars on both sides of the bracket. The baffle has rotating shaft mounting holes on both sides. The initial position of the top of the baffle is located in the sensing area of the proximity switch, and the bottom is perpendicular to the ground of the feed inlet. The baffle starts to rotate at the coal outlet of the feed inlet as the coal is fed.
[0013] Furthermore, the disc feeder motor starting circuit includes three-phase power lines L1, L2, and L3, an automatic switch QA, a first contactor KM for starting and stopping the disc feeder motor, a fuse FU, push-button switches SB1 and SB2, a remote and local switch SAC1 for the disc feeder, a thermal relay FR, a PLC, and the disc feeder motor M. One path of the three-phase power lines L1, L2, and L3 is connected to one end of the first contactor KM (normally open), the thermal relay FR, and the disc feeder motor M via the automatic switch QA, while the other path... One end of the circuit is connected to the fuse FU, and the other end of the fuse FU is connected to the remote and local switch SAC1 of the disc feeder. The local end of the remote and local switch SAC1 of the disc feeder is connected to the normally closed thermal relay FR, push-button switches SB1 and SB2, the first contactor KM, and the neutral terminal N. The remote end of the remote and local switch SAC1 of the disc feeder is connected to one end of the normally open switch of the first contactor KM through the PLC. The normally open switch of the first contactor KM is connected in parallel across the two ends of the push-button switch SB2.
[0014] Furthermore, the air cannon starting circuit includes three-phase power lines L1, L2, and L3, an automatic switch QA, a second contactor KM2 for starting and stopping the air cannon, a proximity switch SQ, a fuse FU, push-button switches SB3 and SB4, a remote and local switching switch SAC2 for the air cannon, a thermal relay FR, and a PLC. One path of the three-phase power lines L1, L2, and L3, after passing through the automatic switch QA, is connected to the normally open switch of the second contactor KM2, the thermal relay FR, and one end of the air cannon; the other path is connected to the fuse FU. One end of the fuse FU is connected to the remote and local switch SAC2 for the air cannon. The local end of the remote and local switch SAC2 is connected to the thermal relay FR, the normally closed switch SB3, the push-button switch SB4, the normally open switch of the first contactor KM, the second contactor KM2, and the neutral terminal N. The remote end of the remote and local switch SAC2 is connected to one end of the normally open switch of the first contactor KM through the PLC. The proximity switch SQ is connected in parallel across the two ends of the push-button switch SB4.
[0015] This invention utilizes electrical principles. When the disc feeder stops supplying material, the baffle returns to its original position or contacts a proximity switch, outputting an electrical signal. Following a predetermined circuit signal transmission, this directly activates the air cannon to impact the upper hopper of the disc feeder. To prevent the air cannon from triggering the interlock without warning, a circuit breaker is incorporated into the circuitry; the air cannon can only be activated when the disc feeder is running. This invention also allows for manual switching between local and remote operation. Local operation can be manually controlled or automatically operated using this interlock, while remote operation utilizes the previously described circuitry.
[0016] This utility model has a simple structure, high safety performance, low investment, and simple operation. By coordinating the control switch and the mechanism, it effectively solves the problem of material interruption during coal blending and improves the accuracy of coal blending. Attached Figure Description
[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;
[0019] Figure 2 This is the schematic diagram of the starting circuit for the disc feeder.
[0020] Figure 3 This is the schematic diagram of the air cannon's starting circuit.
[0021] Reference numerals: 1. Proximity switch, 2. Baffle structure, 21. Bracket, 22. Baffle, 22. Rotating shaft, 3. Air cannon, 4. Disc feeder, 5. Belt scale weigher, 6. Belt scale. Detailed Implementation
[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the coal blending anti-disruption device of this embodiment includes a disc feeder 4, an air cannon 3, and a belt scale. The air cannon 3 is installed at the part of the upper hopper of the disc feeder 4 that is most prone to arching and material blockage, and at the junction of the silo wall perpendicular to the cone. A belt scale with a belt weighing device is installed at the bottom of the discharge port of the disc feeder 4. A rotatable baffle structure 2 is installed on the discharge port of the disc feeder 4. A proximity switch 1 is installed at the top of the discharge port, which can sense the return of the baffle to its initial position after coal blending is interrupted. The proximity switch 1 is electrically connected to the air cannon starting circuit, and the disc feeder motor is electrically connected to the disc feeder motor starting circuit.
[0023] Furthermore, the baffle structure 2 includes a bracket 21 and a baffle 22 located at the top of the feed port. A proximity switch 1 is installed in the center of the top horizontal bar of the bracket 21. A rotating shaft is installed on the inner side of the bottom of the vertical bars on both sides of the bracket 21. The two outer sides of the baffle 22 are provided with rotating shaft mounting holes. The initial position of the top of the baffle 22 is located in the sensing area of the proximity switch 1, and the bottom is perpendicular to the ground of the feed port. The baffle 22 begins to rotate at the coal outlet of the feed port as the coal is fed.
[0024] like Figure 2As shown, the starting circuit of the disc feeder motor includes three-phase power lines L1, L2, and L3, an automatic switch QA, a first contactor KM for starting and stopping the disc feeder motor, a fuse FU, push-button switches SB1 and SB2, a remote and local switch SAC1 for the disc feeder, a thermal relay FR, a PLC, and the disc feeder motor M. One path of the three-phase power lines L1, L2, and L3 is connected to one end of the first contactor KM (normally open), the thermal relay FR, and the disc feeder motor M via the automatic switch QA, while the other path... One end of the fuse FU is connected to the remote and local switch SAC1 of the disc feeder. The local end of the remote and local switch SAC1 is connected to the normally closed thermal relay FR, push-button switches SB1 and SB2, the first contactor KM, and the neutral terminal N. The remote end of the remote and local switch SAC1 is connected to one end of the normally open switch of the first contactor KM through the PLC. The normally open switch of the first contactor KM is connected in parallel across the two ends of the push-button switch SB2.
[0025] After the automatic switch QA of the disc feeder is powered on, the current enters the control circuit after passing through the fuse FU. After the SAC switches to the local area, the push button switch SB1 is open. When the push button switch SB2 is pressed on the local area, the first contactor KM outputs a signal. After the normally closed switch of the first contactor KM closes, the disc feeder motor starts. After the SAC switches to the remote area, the PLC controls the feeder according to the buttons in the central control room. When the conditions are met, the first contactor KM outputs a signal, and the disc feeder motor M starts.
[0026] like Figure 3 As shown, the air cannon starting circuit includes three-phase power lines L1, L2, and L3, an automatic switch QA, a second contactor KM2 for starting and stopping the air cannon, a proximity switch SQ, a fuse FU, push-button switches SB3 and SB4, a remote and local switching switch SAC2 for the air cannon, a thermal relay FR, and a PLC. One path of the three-phase power lines L1, L2, and L3, after passing through the automatic switch QA, is connected to the normally open switch of the second contactor KM2, the thermal relay FR, and one end of the air cannon; the other path is connected to the fuse FU. One end of the fuse FU is connected to the other end of the air cannon remote and local transfer switch SAC2. The local end of the air cannon remote and local transfer switch SAC2 is connected to the thermal relay FR, normally closed switch SB3, push button switch SB4, normally open switch of the first contactor KM, second contactor KM2 and neutral terminal N. The remote end of the air cannon remote and local transfer switch SAC2 is connected to one end of the normally open switch of the first contactor KM through the PLC. The proximity switch SQ is connected in parallel across the two ends of the push button switch SB4.
[0027] After the automatic switch QA for the air cannon is energized, SAC switches to field mode. Current flows through fuse FU to the air cannon start control circuit, and push-button switch SB3 is open. Pressing push-button switch SB4 energizes the second contactor KM2, causing its normally closed switch to close, thus starting the air cannon. To prevent the air cannon from starting automatically if the disc feeder is not running, an interlock is implemented by adding a short circuit before the second contactor KM2. If the disc feeder KM2 is running, the current path can output an electrical signal to start the air cannon; if the disc feeder is not running, the air cannon cannot start. To achieve unmanned control, the air cannon is not controlled by push-button switch SB4. A proximity switch SQ is added on the right side. If there is a coal shortage at the disc feeder 1's discharge port, the baffle rotates back to its original position. The proximity switch senses this and outputs an electrical signal, energizing the second contactor KM2, causing its normally closed switch to close, and starting the air cannon.
[0028] This invention adds a baffle mechanism 2 to the discharge port of the disc feeder 4 to determine whether there is a material shortage and to ensure timely operation. Because the disc feeder 4 discharges material evenly, and the coal is uniform in height at the discharge port, a baffle mechanism 2 is added to the discharge port. Connected by a shaft, the baffle 2 can rotate up and down. When no material is being discharged, the baffle 2 is perpendicular to the discharge port floor. When passing through the discharge port, the pushing force of subsequent coal allows the coal to pass directly under the baffle 2. The baffle 2 rotates clockwise, and the rear rotation position of the baffle 22 is interlocked with a proximity switch 1. After a material shortage, the baffle 22 gradually moves away from its rotated position and enters the sensing area of the proximity switch 1. The proximity switch 1 generates an electrical signal that is sent to the contactor for starting the air cannon 3. The air cannon 3 then starts to clear the blocked coal. This can be done directly without going through a weighing sensor, reducing processing time and ensuring the accuracy of coal blending.
[0029] The electrical components such as proximity switches, contactors, automatic switches, push-button switches, and changeover switches, as well as the PLC in this utility model, all adopt existing common models.
[0030] This utility model has a simple structure, high safety performance, low investment, and simple operation. By coordinating the control switch and mechanism, it effectively solves the problem of material interruption during coal blending and improves the accuracy of coal blending.
[0031] In practical applications, this invention relates to a system with 17 silos, 4 feeders per silo, and a long conveyor belt with two feeders. Since all coal blending processes are simultaneous, a feeder interruption would affect the quality of the coal entering the furnace. Therefore, this device is designed to address the issue before personnel arrive.
[0032] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of this utility model. The specific embodiments are provided only for a better understanding of the concept of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, several improvements or equivalent substitutions can be made based on the principles of this utility model, and these improvements or equivalent substitutions are also considered to fall within the protection scope of this utility model.
Claims
1. A coal blending and anti-material-blocking device, comprising a disc feeder, an air cannon, and a belt scale, wherein an air cannon is installed at the most arched and blocked part of the upper hopper of the disc feeder and at the junction of the silo wall perpendicular to the conical shape; a belt scale with a belt weighing device is installed at the bottom of the feed inlet of the disc feeder, characterized in that... The disc feeder has a rotatable baffle structure installed on its discharge port, and a proximity switch is installed on the top of the discharge port to sense when the baffle returns to its initial position after the coal feeding is cut off. The proximity switch is electrically connected to the air cannon starting circuit, and the disc feeder motor is electrically connected to the disc feeder motor starting circuit.
2. The coal blending anti-breakage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The baffle structure includes a bracket and a baffle located at the top of the feed inlet. A proximity switch is installed in the center of the top horizontal bar of the bracket, and a rotating shaft is installed on the inner side of the bottom of the vertical bars on both sides of the bracket. The two outer sides of the baffle are provided with rotating shaft mounting holes. The initial position of the top of the baffle is located in the sensing area of the proximity switch, and the bottom is perpendicular to the ground of the feed inlet. The baffle starts to rotate at the coal outlet of the feed inlet as the coal is fed.
3. The coal blending anti-breakage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The disc feeder motor starting circuit includes three-phase power lines L1, L2, and L3, an automatic switch QA, a first contactor KM for starting and stopping the disc feeder motor, a fuse FU, push-button switches SB1 and SB2, a remote / local switch SAC1 for the disc feeder, a thermal relay FR, a PLC, and the disc feeder motor M. One path of the three-phase power lines L1, L2, and L3, after passing through the automatic switch QA, is connected to one end of the normally open first contactor KM, the thermal relay FR, and the disc feeder motor M; the other path is connected to… One end of the fuse FU is connected, and the other end of the fuse FU is connected to the remote and local switch SAC1 of the disc feeder. The local end of the remote and local switch SAC1 of the disc feeder is connected to the normally closed thermal relay FR, push-button switches SB1 and SB2, the first contactor KM, and the neutral terminal N. The remote end of the remote and local switch SAC1 of the disc feeder is connected to one end of the normally open switch of the first contactor KM through the PLC. The normally open switch of the first contactor KM is connected in parallel across the two ends of the push-button switch SB2.
4. The coal blending anti-breakage device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The air cannon starting circuit includes three-phase power lines L1, L2, and L3, an automatic switch QA, a second contactor KM2 for starting and stopping the air cannon, a proximity switch SQ, a fuse FU, push-button switches SB3 and SB4, a remote and local switch for the air cannon SAC2, a thermal relay FR, and a PLC. One path of the three-phase power lines L1, L2, and L3, after passing through the automatic switch QA, is connected to the normally open switch of the second contactor KM2, the thermal relay FR, and one end of the air cannon; the other path is connected to one end of the fuse FU. The other end of the fuse FU is connected to the remote and local switch for the air cannon SAC2. The local terminal of the remote and local switch for the air cannon SAC2 is connected to the thermal relay FR, the normally closed switch SB3, the push-button switch SB4, the normally open switch of the first contactor KM, the second contactor KM2, and the neutral terminal N. The remote terminal of the remote and local switch for the air cannon SAC2 is connected to one end of the normally open switch of the first contactor KM through the PLC. The proximity switch SQ is connected in parallel across the two ends of the push-button switch SB4.