Modular rapid construction anti-floating structure
By using high-strength lightweight concrete, mortise and tenon joints, and expansion anchoring components, combined with permeable pressure relief wells and ecological planting substrates, the problems of excessive self-weight, corrosion, and low construction efficiency of traditional anti-buoyancy structures have been solved, achieving a rapid construction, high stability, and eco-friendly anti-buoyancy effect.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA MCC17 GRP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Traditional anti-buoyancy structures have excessive self-weight, which leads to damage to soft soil foundations due to additional loads. Modular buildings rely on metal connectors that are prone to corrosion and have low assembly efficiency. The anchoring stability of soft soil foundations is poor, and anti-buoyancy construction causes serious damage to the ecological environment.
It adopts high-strength lightweight concrete material, mortise and tenon connection and expansion anchoring components, combined with permeable pressure relief well and ecological planting substrate. Mechanical fixation is achieved through the nesting and interlocking of tenons and mortises. The anchor nail and the bladder body are grouted to expand and enhance the anchoring. The pressure relief well is filled with permeable material and planting substrate.
The module's self-weight was reduced, thus decreasing the load on the soft soil foundation. This improved construction efficiency and structural stability, while also taking into account ecological restoration functions and enhancing pull-out bearing capacity and environmental adaptability.
Smart Images
Figure CN224378843U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of rapid construction and anti-buoyancy structures, specifically a modular rapid construction anti-buoyancy structure. Background Technology
[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the increasing scarcity of land resources, the development and utilization of underground space (such as underground parking lots, shopping malls, and subways) has become an inevitable trend. In areas rich in groundwater, underground structures face significant buoyancy. Inadequate anti-buoyancy measures may lead to structural floating, cracking, or even destruction, seriously threatening the safety and functionality of the project. According to statistics, in recent years, accidents caused by anti-buoyancy failure in underground engineering projects in coastal areas of my country have accounted for 12.7%, with direct economic losses exceeding 1.5 billion yuan annually. Anti-buoyancy design has become a key technical bottleneck in underground engineering construction.
[0003] Traditional methods of resisting buoyancy by increasing the self-weight of concrete structures can generate significant additional loads in soft soil foundations, leading to foundation settlement, soil disturbance, and even failure. While tension piles rely on the skin-to-soil friction and pile-end anchorage, these methods suffer from extremely low skin-to-soil friction in soft strata such as silt and silty clay. Finding stable bearing strata in soft soil foundations is also difficult, and problems like borehole collapse and necking are common during construction, resulting in inconsistent pile quality. Traditional anti-buoyancy structures often involve on-site casting, relying on wet work such as welding and rebar tying, leading to long construction cycles and significant weather-related impacts. Furthermore, their low degree of modularity prevents factory prefabrication and rapid on-site assembly, hindering their adaptation to the demands of modern industrialized construction.
[0004] Traditional modular construction relies on metal connectors (such as bolts and welding), which are not only prone to corrosion but also suffer from low installation efficiency due to frequent wet work on site, making it difficult to guarantee the precision of component prefabrication. In addition, soft soil foundations are characterized by high compressibility, low strength, and high permeability, and the self-weight and construction loads of conventional anti-buoyancy structures can easily cause plastic failure of the foundation. Soft soil foundations such as tidal flats and wetlands are often ecologically fragile areas, and traditional anti-buoyancy structures do not consider environmental remediation.
[0005] Therefore, based on its many years of experience in design, development and actual production in the relevant industry, the applicant has studied and improved the existing structure and its shortcomings, and provided a modular, rapid construction anti-buoyancy structure in order to achieve a more practical purpose. Utility Model Content
[0006] (a) Technical problems to be solved
[0007] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a modular, rapid-construction anti-buoyancy structure, which solves the problem of excessive self-weight of traditional anti-buoyancy structures leading to damage from additional loads on soft soil foundations; it also solves the problems of corrosion and low assembly efficiency caused by the reliance on metal connectors (such as bolts and welding) in traditional modular concrete buildings; it addresses the problems of poor anchoring stability and insufficient pull-out bearing capacity in soft soil foundations (such as silt and silty clay); and it solves the problem of severe ecological damage and the inability to simultaneously achieve permeability and vegetation stabilization in the construction of anti-buoyancy structures on soft soil foundations such as tidal flats.
[0008] (II) Technical Solution
[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a modular, rapid-construction, anti-buoyancy structure comprising a plate, wherein the plate includes a left plate, a right plate, a tenon, and a mortise; the tenon and the mortise are shaped to match each other and are used to fix the left plate and the right plate together.
[0010] The mortises are formed on the edges of the left and right panels, and the tenons are inserted into the mortises of the left and right panels, so that the left and right panels together form the main module of the anti-buoyancy structure, which bears the load and anti-buoyancy function.
[0011] The bottom of the plate is fixedly connected to a columnar, porous internal pressure relief well, which is used for water permeation and pressure reduction to reduce the buoyancy of groundwater on the structure, while providing a carrier for ecological restoration.
[0012] The pressure relief well has a groove inside, and permeable material and planting substrate are placed inside the groove;
[0013] The bottom of the plate is fixedly connected to an anchoring component, which serves to form a deep fixation in the soft soil foundation.
[0014] Preferably, the anchoring assembly includes an anchor rod, a bladder, and an anchor nail. The top of the anchor rod is fixed to the bottom of the plate and connected to the top of the bladder, serving as a connecting member between the plate and the bladder, and transmitting the anchoring force to the bladder and the soil.
[0015] The bladder expands by injecting cement grout through a grouting pipe. After expansion, the grouting compresses the surrounding soil, increasing the anchoring surface area and enhancing the pull-out bearing capacity.
[0016] The anchor is fixedly connected to the bottom of the capsule and is vertically screwed into the soft soil foundation for initial positioning of the anchoring components.
[0017] Preferably, the slab is a high-strength lightweight concrete material. The high-strength lightweight concrete uses lightweight aggregate instead of ordinary sand and gravel, and has a density of 800-1800 kg / m³. By optimizing the cementitious material system and the high-efficiency water-reducing agent, its compressive strength is 30-60 MPa.
[0018] Preferably, the mortise is reinforced with ribs, the inner wall of the mortise is provided with a serrated rough surface, the gap between the tenon and the mortise is filled with micro-expansion mortar, the tenon is a silver ingot tenon, the width of the tenon is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the module thickness, and the height is the same as the module height.
[0019] Preferably, the pressure relief well is made of sand-free concrete.
[0020] Preferably, the diameter of the slot is 50~150mm and the spacing between the slots is 300~800mm.
[0021] Preferably, the edges of the slots are provided with fiber-reinforced material.
[0022] Preferably, the groove is provided with a permeable material and a planting substrate. The permeable material is graded crushed stone with a particle size of 20-40mm as the main component, mixed with 5-10mm fine stones.
[0023] Preferably, the planting substrate includes a substrate formula and plants. The substrate formula is 50% humus soil + 30% coarse sand + 20% crushed oyster shells, and the plants are Suaeda salsa, reeds and Suaeda salsa.
[0024] A method for constructing a modular, rapid-installation anti-buoyancy structure includes the following steps:
[0025] S1: The edges of the left and right panels are precisely aligned, and mechanical fixing is achieved through the interlocking of prefabricated tenons and mortises. The prefabrication accuracy of the components in the factory reaches ±1mm, and there is no welding or wet work on site, which improves the installation efficiency by more than 60%.
[0026] S2: High-strength anchors are vertically screwed into soft soil foundations, with an insertion depth exceeding the potential sliding surface by 800-1000mm. Initial positioning is achieved through the frictional resistance between the anchor rod and the soil. This method is suitable for soft strata such as silt and silty clay. C25 cement grout is injected into the capsule through a pre-embedded grouting pipe, with a water-cement ratio of 0.45-0.55 and the grouting pressure controlled at 0.3-0.5MPa, until the capsule fully expands and squeezes the surrounding soil.
[0027] S3: The inside of the slots is filled with permeable material and planting substrate. The hole diameter is 50~150mm and the hole spacing is 300~800mm. The edge of the hole is reinforced with fiber to avoid stress concentration and cracking. The lower hole is filled with permeable material, which is graded crushed stone with a particle size of 20~40mm as the main component, combined with 5~10mm fine stones. It has strong permeability and also has the function of filtering silt. The upper hole is filled with planting substrate. The substrate formula is 50% humus + 30% coarse sand + 20% oyster shell crushed material to increase aeration and minerals. The plants selected are Suaeda salsa, reeds and Suaeda salsa, which are adapted to the high salinity environment of the tidal flats and whose roots can fix the soil.
[0028] S4: Monitor anchor displacement within 72 hours after installation, with an allowable deviation of ≤3mm. Test the nutrient content of the planting substrate quarterly and supplement with slow-release fertilizer as needed to maintain vegetation growth.
[0029] (III) Beneficial Effects
[0030] This utility model provides a modular, rapid-construction anti-buoyancy structure, which has the following advantages compared with the prior art:
[0031] 1. High-strength lightweight concrete is used to reduce the self-weight of the modules and thus reduce the additional load on the soft soil foundation. High-strength lightweight concrete uses lightweight aggregates such as expanded clay, expanded perlite, and polystyrene particles to replace ordinary sand and gravel, and the density can be reduced to 800-1800 kg / m³ (ordinary concrete is about 2400 kg / m³), which can significantly reduce the self-weight of the structure and reduce the additional load on the soft soil foundation, while ensuring structural strength and durability. By optimizing the cementitious material system (such as adding silica fume and fly ash) and high-efficiency water-reducing agents, the compressive strength can reach 30-60 MPa, which meets the load-bearing requirements of modular buildings. The design impermeability grade is ≥P8, the chloride ion diffusion coefficient is ≤10×10⁻¹²m² / s, and it is suitable for humid environments, solving the problem of excessive gravity damaging the soft soil foundation.
[0032] 2. Suitable for soft soil foundations in tidal flats, sand-free concrete pressure relief wells are combined with slots (hole diameter 50-150mm, hole spacing 300-800mm), the lower part is filled with graded crushed stone permeable filter silt, and the upper part is filled with humus soil + coarse sand + oyster shell crushed matrix and planted with salt-tolerant plants such as Suaeda salsa, taking into account both structural strength and ecological restoration function, reducing damage to the tidal flat biological community.
[0033] 3. The construction efficiency and stability are improved by adopting mortise and tenon joints. The factory prefabrication accuracy reaches ±1mm, and there is no welding or wet work on site, which improves the installation efficiency by more than 60%. The silver ingot tenon and the sawtooth groove are combined with micro-expansion mortar, so that the strength of the connection part reaches more than 85% of the parent concrete, which enhances the shear and tensile resistance between modules.
[0034] 4. The pull-out resistance is enhanced by using expansion anchor components. The nailing depth exceeds the potential sliding surface by 800-1000mm. After the bladder is grouted and expanded, the anchoring surface area increases by 3-5 times, and the pull-out bearing capacity is increased by 200%-300%. It is suitable for soft strata.
[0035] 5. Reliability of construction process and monitoring system: Modular prefabrication and assembly, anchoring and ecological planting are implemented simultaneously. Anchor displacement is monitored within 72 hours (allowable deviation ≤3mm). Planting substrate is maintained quarterly to ensure long-term structural stability and ecological sustainability. Attached Figure Description
[0036] Figure 1This is a perspective view of the present utility model;
[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor bolt structure of this utility model;
[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pressure relief well structure of this utility model;
[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tenon structure of this utility model;
[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sheet metal structure of this utility model;
[0041] In the diagram: 1. Plate, 2. Anchor bolt, 3. Bag body, 4. Anchor nail, 5. Pressure relief well, 6. Hole and groove, 1-1. Left plate, 1-2. Right plate, 1-3. Tenon, 1-4. Mortise. Detailed Implementation
[0042] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0043] like Figures 1-3 As shown, this utility model provides a technical solution: a modular rapid construction anti-buoyancy structure, including a plate 1, characterized in that: the plate 1 includes a left plate 1-1, a right plate 1-2, a tenon 1-3 and a mortise 1-4; the tenon 1-3 and the mortise 1-4 are matched in shape and used to fix the left plate 1-1 and the right plate 1-2 together.
[0044] The mortise 1-4 is opened on the edges of the left plate 1-1 and the right plate 1-2. The tenon 1-3 is inserted into the mortise 1-4 of the left plate 1-1 and the right plate 1-2, so that the left plate 1-1 and the right plate 1-2 together form the main module of the anti-buoyancy structure, which bears the load and anti-buoyancy function.
[0045] The bottom of the plate 1 is fixedly connected to a columnar, porous internal pressure relief well 5, which is used for water permeation and pressure relief, reducing the buoyancy of groundwater on the structure, and providing a carrier for ecological restoration.
[0046] The pressure relief well 5 has a groove 6 inside, and permeable material and planting substrate are placed inside the groove 6.
[0047] The bottom of plate 1 is fixedly connected with an anchoring component, which is used to form a deep fixation in the soft soil foundation.
[0048] like Figure 2 As shown, the anchoring assembly includes an anchor rod 2, a capsule 3, and an anchor nail 4. The top of the anchor rod 2 is fixed to the bottom of the plate 1 and connected to the top of the capsule 3, serving as a connecting member between the plate 1 and the capsule 3, and transmitting the anchoring force to the capsule 3 and the soil.
[0049] Cement grout is injected into the bladder 3 through a grouting pipe to expand it. After the grouting expansion, it squeezes the surrounding soil, expands the anchoring surface area, and improves the pull-out bearing capacity.
[0050] Anchor 4 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the capsule 3 and is vertically screwed into the soft soil foundation for initial positioning of the anchoring components.
[0051] Slab 1 is made of high-strength lightweight concrete. High-strength lightweight concrete uses lightweight aggregate instead of ordinary sand and gravel, with a density of 800-1800 kg / m³. By optimizing the cementitious material system and using a high-efficiency water-reducing agent, its compressive strength is 30-60 MPa.
[0052] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the mortise 1-4 is reinforced with ribs, and the inner wall of the mortise 1-4 is provided with a serrated rough surface. The gap between the tenon 1-3 and the mortise 1-4 is filled with micro-expansion mortar. The tenon 1-3 is a silver ingot tenon, and the width of the tenon 1-3 is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the module thickness, and the height is the same as the module height.
[0053] The pressure relief well 5 is made of sand-free concrete.
[0054] The diameter of the slot 6 is 50~150mm, and the spacing between the slots is 300~800mm.
[0055] The edges of the slot 6 are reinforced with fiber material.
[0056] The interior of the groove 6 is equipped with permeable material and planting substrate. The permeable material is graded crushed stone with a particle size of 20-40mm, mixed with fine stones of 5-10mm.
[0057] The planting substrate includes the substrate formula and the plants. The substrate formula is 50% humus soil + 30% coarse sand + 20% crushed oyster shells. The plants are Suaeda salsa, reeds and Suaeda salsa.
[0058] During operation, a modular, rapid construction method for anti-buoyancy structures includes the following steps:
[0059] S1: Align the edges of the left panel 1-1 and the right panel 1-2 precisely, and achieve mechanical fixation through the nesting and interlocking of the prefabricated tenon 1-3 and mortise 1-4. The prefabrication accuracy of the components in the factory reaches ±1mm, with no welding or wet work on site, and the installation efficiency is improved by more than 60%.
[0060] S2: Vertically screw the high-strength anchor 4 into the soft soil foundation. The insertion depth should exceed the potential sliding surface by 800-1000mm. Initial positioning is achieved through the frictional resistance between the anchor rod and the soil. This method is suitable for soft strata such as silt and silty clay. C25 cement grout is injected into the capsule 3 through the pre-embedded grouting pipe. The water-cement ratio is 0.45-0.55, and the grouting pressure is controlled at 0.3-0.5MPa until the capsule fully expands and squeezes the surrounding soil.
[0061] S3: The inside of the slot 6 is filled with permeable material and planting substrate. The hole diameter is 50~150mm and the hole spacing is 300~800mm. The edge of the hole is reinforced with fiber to avoid stress concentration and cracking. The lower hole is filled with permeable material, which is graded crushed stone with a particle size of 20~40mm as the main component, combined with 5~10mm fine stones. It has strong permeability and also has the function of filtering silt. The upper hole is filled with planting substrate. The substrate formula is 50% humus + 30% coarse sand + 20% oyster shell crushed to increase aeration and minerals. The plants selected are Suaeda salsa, reeds and Suaeda salsa, which are adapted to the high salinity environment of the tidal flats and whose roots can fix the soil.
[0062] S4: Monitor anchor displacement within 72 hours after installation, with an allowable deviation of ≤3mm. Test the nutrient content of the planting substrate quarterly and supplement with slow-release fertilizer as needed to maintain vegetation growth. This modular, rapid-construction, and anti-buoyancy structure utilizes high-strength lightweight concrete to reduce module weight and minimize additional load on soft soil foundations. The high-strength lightweight concrete uses lightweight aggregates such as expanded clay, perlite, and polystyrene particles instead of ordinary sand and gravel, reducing density to 800-1800 kg / m³ (compared to approximately 2400 kg / m³ for ordinary concrete), significantly reducing structural weight and additional load on soft soil foundations while maintaining structural strength and durability. Through optimized cementitious material systems (such as incorporating silica fume and fly ash) and high-efficiency water-reducing agents, compressive strength can reach 30-60 MPa, meeting the load-bearing requirements of modular buildings.
[0063] Designed with a permeability grade ≥P8 and a chloride ion diffusion coefficient ≤10×10⁻¹²m² / s, this modular, rapid-construction, and anti-buoyancy structure is adaptable to humid environments, solving the problem of excessive gravity damaging soft soil foundations. It utilizes high-strength, lightweight concrete to reduce module self-weight and thus minimize additional loads on soft soil foundations. The high-strength, lightweight concrete uses lightweight aggregates such as expanded clay, perlite, and polystyrene particles instead of ordinary sand and gravel, reducing density to 800-1800 kg / m³ (compared to approximately 2400 kg / m³ for ordinary concrete), significantly reducing structural self-weight and additional loads on soft soil foundations while maintaining structural strength and durability. Through optimized cementitious material systems (such as incorporating silica fume and fly ash) and high-efficiency water-reducing agents, compressive strength reaches 30-60 MPa, meeting the load-bearing requirements of modular buildings.
[0064] Designed with a water resistance grade ≥P8 and a chloride ion diffusion coefficient ≤10×10⁻¹²m² / s, this structure is adaptable to humid environments and solves the problem of excessive gravity damaging soft soil foundations. The structure achieves rapid assembly through mortise and tenon joints. The modular mortise and tenon connection introduces the principles of traditional wooden mortise and tenon joints into precast concrete modules, achieving rapid assembly and force transfer through the interlocking interfaces of precast components. It combines the disassembly capability of traditional mortise and tenon joints with the durability of concrete structures, solving the problems of corrosion and assembly issues caused by reliance on metal connectors (such as bolts and welding) in traditional modular concrete buildings. To address issues such as low efficiency, the multi-directional constraint characteristics of mortise and tenon structures are utilized to improve the shear and tensile resistance between modules and enhance the overall structural stability. High-strength lightweight concrete is reinforced at the mortise and tenon joints to prevent stress concentration cracking. Rectangular tenons and mortises are set on the end faces of prefabricated modules. The tenon width is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the module thickness, and the height is the same as the module height. After insertion, micro-expansion mortar is filled through the mortise and tenon gap to enhance interface bonding. Anchoring components more stably fix the panels to the soft soil foundation. The left panel 1-1 and the right panel 1-2 are aligned, and then the tenons are used to fix them to the soft soil foundation. The head 1-3 is inserted into the mortise 1-4 to fix the plate 1 in a tenon-and-mortise manner. The anchoring assembly consists of an anchor rod 2, a capsule 3, and an anchor nail 4. The anchoring effect is strengthened by injecting cement into the capsule 3 to make it expand. The tenon is a silver ingot tenon, and the shape of the tenon is similar to that of a silver ingot, which can increase the stability and firmness of the tenon-and-mortise connection. After being inserted into the mortise, it forms a lock and resists horizontal tension. A serrated rough surface (roughness ≥6mm) is set on the inner wall of the mortise to increase the interfacial adhesion. With the help of micro-expansion concrete mortar, the overall strength of the connection can reach more than 85% of the parent concrete. This achieves modular design of the panels and stable connection of mortise and tenon joints, improving the anchoring stability and practicality of the structure. Anchor nails 4 are vertically screwed into the soft soil foundation, with the insertion depth exceeding the potential sliding surface by 800-1000mm. Initial positioning is achieved through the frictional resistance between the anchor nail rod and the soil. C25 cement grout (water-cement ratio 0.45-0.55) is injected into the bladder 3 through a pre-embedded grouting pipe, with the grouting pressure controlled at 0.3-0.5MPa, until the bladder fully expands and squeezes the surrounding soil. After expansion, the equivalent diameter of the bladder increases to 1 / 3 of its original size.The anchoring surface area is increased by 3-5 times, and the cement grout forms a composite structure of "anchor pile-compacted zone" with the soil, increasing the pull-out bearing capacity by 200%-300%. This modular rapid construction structure and anti-buoyancy technology are suitable for soft soil foundations in tidal flats. The pressure relief well 5 is made of sand-free concrete and has grooves 6 inside. The grooves 6 are filled with permeable material and planting substrate. The diameter of the holes is 50-150mm and the spacing between the holes is 300-800mm. The lower holes are close to the tidal flat silt layer, focusing on water permeability and pressure relief, while the upper holes facilitate the filling of planting substrate and the growth of plant roots. The edges of the holes are... Fiber-reinforced materials (such as polypropylene fibers) are used to prevent stress concentration and cracking. The lower pores are filled with a permeable material, primarily graded crushed stone (20-40mm particle size, mixed with 5-10mm fine stones), which provides high permeability and filters silt. The upper pores are filled with a planting substrate, formulated as 50% humus, 30% coarse sand, and 20% crushed oyster shells, increasing aeration and mineral content. Plants selected include Suaeda salsa, reeds, and Suaeda salsa, adapted to the high-salt environment of the tidal flats, whose root systems help stabilize the soil. This approach achieves a balance between structural strength and ecological restoration, minimizing damage to the tidal flat's biological community.
[0065] In summary, improving the industrialization and prefabrication of building construction, modularizing the structure to reduce construction difficulty, adopting new anti-buoyancy technologies and reducing structural self-weight to suit soft soil foundations, balancing structural strength and ecological restoration functions, and reducing damage to the biological community under the soft soil foundation are all important.
[0066] This modular, rapid-construction, and anti-buoyancy structure utilizes high-strength, lightweight concrete to reduce the module's self-weight and minimize additional loads on soft soil foundations. The high-strength, lightweight concrete uses lightweight aggregates such as expanded clay, perlite, and polystyrene particles instead of ordinary sand and gravel, reducing density to 800-1800 kg / m³ (compared to approximately 2400 kg / m³ for ordinary concrete). This significantly reduces the structure's self-weight and additional loads on soft soil foundations while maintaining structural strength and durability. Through optimized cementitious material systems (such as the addition of silica fume and fly ash) and high-efficiency water-reducing agents, compressive strength reaches 30-60 MPa, meeting the load-bearing requirements of modular buildings. The design impermeability grade is ≥P8, and the chloride ion diffusion coefficient is ≤10×10⁻¹²m² / s, adapting to humid environments and solving the problem of excessive gravity damaging soft soil foundations.
[0067] This structure achieves rapid assembly through mortise and tenon joints. The modular mortise and tenon connection introduces the principles of traditional timber mortise and tenon joints into precast concrete modules. Rapid assembly and force transfer are achieved through the interlocking interfaces of the precast components, combining the disassembly capability of traditional mortise and tenon joints with the durability of concrete structures. This solves the problems of corrosion and low assembly efficiency caused by reliance on metal connectors (such as bolts and welding) in traditional modular concrete buildings. Utilizing the multi-directional constraint characteristics of the mortise and tenon structure, it improves the shear and tensile strength between modules, enhancing the overall structural stability. High-strength lightweight concrete is reinforced at the mortise and tenon joints to prevent stress concentration and cracking. Rectangular tenons and mortises are provided on the end faces of the precast modules. The tenon width is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the module thickness, and the height is equal to the module height. After insertion, micro-expansion mortar is filled through the mortise and tenon gaps to enhance interface adhesion. The anchoring assembly more stably fixes the plates to the soft soil foundation. The left plate 1-1 and the right plate 1-2 are aligned, and the tenon 1-3 is inserted into the mortise 1-4 to fix the plate 1 in a tenon-and-mortise manner. The anchoring assembly consists of an anchor rod 2, a capsule 3, and an anchor nail 4. The anchoring effect is enhanced by injecting cement into the capsule 3 to make it expand. The tenon is a silver ingot tenon, and the shape of the tenon is similar to a silver ingot, which can increase the stability and firmness of the tenon-and-mortise connection. After being inserted into the mortise, it forms a lock and resists horizontal tension. A serrated rough surface (roughness ≥6mm) is set on the inner wall of the mortise to increase the interface adhesion. With the help of micro-expansion concrete mortar, the overall strength of the connection part can reach more than 85% of the parent concrete. This achieves the modular design of the plate and the stable connection of the tenon-and-mortise method, and improves the anchoring stability and practicality of the structure.
[0068] Anchor 4 is vertically screwed into the soft soil foundation, with the insertion depth exceeding the potential sliding surface by 800-1000mm. Initial positioning is achieved through the frictional resistance between the anchor rod and the soil. C25 cement grout (water-cement ratio 0.45-0.55) is injected into the bladder 3 through a pre-embedded grouting pipe, with the grouting pressure controlled at 0.3-0.5MPa, until the bladder fully expands and squeezes the surrounding soil. After expansion, the equivalent diameter of the bladder increases to 1.5-2 times the original size, and the anchoring surface area expands by 3-5 times. The cement grout and soil form a composite structure of "anchor pile-compacted zone", increasing the pull-out bearing capacity by 200%-300%.
[0069] This modular, rapid-construction structure and anti-buoyancy technology are suitable for soft soil foundations in tidal flats. The pressure-reducing well 5 is made of sand-free concrete and has internal slots 6. Permeable material and planting substrate are placed inside the slots 6. The slot diameter is 50-150mm, and the spacing between the slots is 300-800mm. The lower slots are close to the tidal flat silt layer, emphasizing water permeability and pressure reduction, while the upper slots facilitate the filling of the planting substrate and the growth of plant roots. Fiber-reinforced materials (such as polypropylene fibers) are placed around the edges of the slots to prevent stress concentration and cracking. The lower holes are filled with permeable material, which is graded crushed stone (mainly 20-40mm in diameter, mixed with 5-10mm fine stones). It has strong permeability and also has the function of filtering silt. The upper holes are filled with planting substrate, which is composed of 50% humus soil, 30% coarse sand, and 20% crushed oyster shells to increase aeration and mineral content. The selected plants are Suaeda salsa, reeds, and Suaeda salsa, which are adapted to the high-salt environment of the tidal flats and whose roots can stabilize the soil. This achieves the effect of balancing structural strength and ecological restoration function, and reducing damage to the tidal flat biological community.
[0070] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
[0071] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A modular, rapid-construction anti-buoyancy structure, comprising a plate (1), characterized in that: The board (1) includes a left board (1-1), a right board (1-2), a tenon (1-3), and a mortise (1-4); the tenon (1-3) and the mortise (1-4) are matched in shape and are used to fix the left board (1-1) and the right board (1-2) together. The mortise (1-4) is formed on the edges of the left plate (1-1) and the right plate (1-2), and the tenon (1-3) is inserted into the mortise (1-4) of the left plate (1-1) and the right plate (1-2), so that the left plate (1-1) and the right plate (1-2) together form the main module of the anti-buoyancy structure, which bears the load and anti-buoyancy function; The bottom of the plate (1) is fixedly connected to a columnar, porous internal pressure relief well (5) for water permeability and pressure relief, reducing the buoyancy of groundwater on the structure, and providing a carrier for ecological restoration. The pressure relief well (5) has a groove (6) inside, and permeable material and planting substrate are placed inside the groove (6); The bottom of the plate (1) is fixedly connected with an anchoring component, which is used to form a deep fixation in the soft soil foundation.
2. The modular rapid construction anti-buoyancy structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring assembly includes an anchor rod (2), a capsule (3) and an anchor nail (4). The top of the anchor rod (2) is fixed to the bottom of the plate (1) and connected to the top of the capsule (3), serving as a connecting member between the plate (1) and the capsule (3) to transmit anchoring force to the capsule (3) and the soil. The bladder (3) is expanded by injecting cement grout through a grouting pipe. After the grouting expansion, it squeezes the surrounding soil, expands the anchoring surface area, and improves the pull-out bearing capacity. The anchor (4) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the capsule (3) and is vertically screwed into the soft soil foundation for the initial positioning of the anchoring component.
3. The modular rapid construction anti-buoyancy structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mortise (1-4) is reinforced with ribs, and the inner wall of the mortise (1-4) is provided with a serrated rough surface. The gap between the tenon (1-3) and the mortise (1-4) is filled with micro-expansion mortar. The tenon (1-3) is a silver ingot tenon. The width of the tenon (1-3) is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the module thickness, and the height is the same as the module height.
4. The modular rapid construction anti-buoyancy structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The pressure relief well (5) is made of sand-free concrete.
5. A modular, rapid-construction, anti-buoyancy structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The diameter of the hole (6) is 50~150mm and the hole spacing is 300~800mm.
6. A modular, rapid-construction, anti-buoyancy structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The edges of the slots (6) are provided with fiber-reinforced material.
7. A modular, rapid-construction, anti-buoyancy structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The groove (6) is filled with permeable material and planting substrate. The permeable material is graded crushed stone with a particle size of 20-40mm, and is mixed with fine stones of 5-10mm.