A circuit board failure rapid detection system

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of circuit board fault rapid detection system, including monitoring and data acquisition comparison system, detection module, XYZ three-axis displacement system, pose adjustment system and motion control system, pose adjustment system is fixed on the X motion component of XYZ three-axis displacement system, to be measured circuit board is fixed in pose adjustment system top, detection module is fixed in the Z axis motion component bottom of XYZ three-axis displacement system.Detection module is used to measure the voltage value between each pin on to be measured circuit board and to be measured circuit board GND end;Motion control system controls XYZ three-axis displacement system movement to adjust the position of detection module, and there is perfect same type circuit board pin volt-ampere characteristic database in monitoring and data acquisition comparison system.The utility model system can realize to be measured circuit board in situ fault detection, will not cause damage to circuit board, and can accurately position circuit fault area, detection efficiency is high and cost is low.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of circuit board fault technology, and specifically relates to a rapid circuit board fault detection system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of electronic technology, circuit boards in modern electronic devices are undertaking increasingly complex functions. In high-reliability applications such as aircraft, aerospace, and medical fields, circuit board failures can directly affect the safety and stability of equipment, and even trigger serious accidents. Therefore, accurate and efficient detection of circuit board failures is crucial for ensuring the reliable operation of electronic systems.

[0003] Currently, circuit board fault detection methods mainly include visual inspection, functional testing, voltage and current detection, thermal imaging, and signal analysis. Visual inspection relies on manual or machine vision and is suitable for detecting external defects (such as solder joint detachment, component breakage, etc.), but it is difficult to detect internal minute damage or electrical performance abnormalities. Functional testing detects circuits by simulating their operating state, but it cannot accurately locate the fault point. Voltage and current detection can reflect the circuit's operating state, but it lacks sensitivity to intermittent faults or minute parameter changes. Thermal imaging technology identifies abnormally heating components through temperature distribution, but the equipment is expensive and easily affected by environmental interference. Signal analysis methods (such as spectrum analysis, time-domain reflectometry, etc.) are suitable for high-frequency circuit fault detection, but they are complex to operate and require highly skilled test personnel.

[0004] Electrical characteristic-based testing methods have attracted widespread attention because they directly reflect the physical state of circuits, with resistance testing being one of the most fundamental methods. Changes in resistance values ​​can effectively characterize faults such as poor soldering, open circuits, short circuits, and poor contacts in circuit boards. However, traditional resistance testing methods typically only measure individual components or local circuits, making them unsuitable for the overall testing of complex circuit boards. In complex circuit boards, due to the large number of components and complex wiring, traditional point-to-point resistance testing is inefficient and cannot comprehensively reflect the overall health of the circuit. Utility Model Content

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing circuit board fault detection methods, this invention provides a rapid circuit board fault detection system. This system detects the resistance between each pin and the ground terminal of the circuit board under test, and compares the detection results with the resistance values ​​between the pins and the ground terminal in a fault-free circuit board, thereby achieving in-situ diagnosis of the circuit board. The system has high detection efficiency and accurate fault diagnosis results.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0007] A rapid fault detection system for circuit boards includes a monitoring and data acquisition and comparison system, a detection module, an XYZ three-axis shifting system, a pose adjustment system, and a motion control system.

[0008] The circuit board under test is mounted on top of the pose adjustment system, which is used to adjust the spatial pose of the circuit under test. The pose adjustment system is fixed to the X-axis motion component of the XYZ three-axis displacement system.

[0009] The detection module is fixed on the Z-axis motion component of the XYZ three-axis shifting system and faces the circuit board under test; the detection module is used to measure the voltage value between each pin on the circuit board under test and the GND terminal of the circuit board under test; the XYZ three-axis shifting system is used to adjust the spatial position of the detection module;

[0010] The monitoring and data acquisition comparison system is connected to the motion control system and the detection module. It is used to monitor the motion status of the XYZ three-axis shifting system and send motion control commands to the motion control system. It is also used to receive the volt-ampere characteristic data of each pin of the circuit board under test output by the detection module. The monitoring and data comparison system has a database of volt-ampere characteristics of the pins of intact circuit boards of the same model stored in advance. The database contains the pin number and the corresponding volt-ampere characteristic reference range.

[0011] The motion control system can control the movement of the XYZ three-axis shifting system according to the motion control commands sent by the monitoring and data acquisition comparison system.

[0012] Furthermore, the pose adjustment system includes a mounting base, a fine-tuning platform, and a height-adjustable mounting component;

[0013] The mounting base is fixed on the X-axis motion component at the bottom of the XYZ three-axis displacement system, and the mounting base, the fine-tuning platform, and the height-adjustable mounting component are sequentially connected from bottom to top;

[0014] The fine-tuning platform is used to adjust the spatial pose of the height-adjustable mounting component; the circuit board under test is mounted on top of the height-adjustable mounting component.

[0015] Furthermore, the height-adjustable mounting assembly includes an adapter plate, a circuit board mounting bracket, and several adjustable components;

[0016] The circuit board mounting bracket is mounted on top of the adapter plate via the adjustable component;

[0017] The adjustable component includes a guide screw and a locking nut, a spring, and an adjustable nut sequentially mounted on the guide screw.

[0018] The guide screw passes through the guide screw hole opened on the adapter plate and the circuit board mounting bracket, and the lower end face of the locking nut is in contact with the top surface of the adapter plate to lock and fix the adapter plate.

[0019] The spring is fitted onto the guide screw, and both ends of the spring abut against the upper end face of the locking nut and the bottom of the circuit board mounting bracket;

[0020] The tail of the guide screw extends out of the guide screw hole on the circuit board mounting bracket and is screwed into the adjustable nut.

[0021] The circuit board under test is mounted on top of the circuit board mounting bracket.

[0022] Furthermore, the top of the circuit board mounting bracket has a hollow groove for accommodating the circuit board under test, and the size of the hollow groove is larger than the size of the circuit board under test; the side wall of the circuit board mounting bracket has several threaded holes.

[0023] It also includes several locking screws, which are used to engage with threaded holes on the sidewall of the circuit board mounting bracket to horizontally fix the circuit board under test.

[0024] Furthermore, the detection module includes an embedded controller, a voltage measurement circuit, a probe, an adapter resistor, a voltage regulator circuit, a microdisplay, a photoelectric switch, a signal blocking block, and a mounting box; the embedded controller, voltage measurement circuit, adapter resistor, and voltage regulator circuit are integrated and installed in the mounting box; the embedded controller is used to communicate and transmit data with the monitoring and data acquisition comparison system, and to supply power to the voltage measurement circuit and the voltage regulator circuit;

[0025] The VCC output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit is connected in series with an adapter resistor and a probe. The GND terminal of the voltage regulator circuit is connected to the GND terminal of the circuit board under test. The positive and negative terminals of the voltage measurement circuit are connected to the probe and the GND terminal of the circuit board under test, respectively, to obtain the measured volt-ampere characteristic data of the pins of the circuit board under test and transmit it to the embedded controller.

[0026] The probe is vertically fixed to the bottom of the mounting box for contacting pins on the circuit board under test. The photoelectric switch and the signal blocking block are used to detect the relative position information between the probe and the pins on the circuit board under test and transmit it to the embedded controller to determine whether the probe is in contact with the pin to be measured. The microdisplay is connected to the embedded controller and is used to display the pin number, voltage value and resistance value of the circuit board under test in real time.

[0027] Furthermore, the X-axis motion component of the XYZ three-axis shifting system includes an X-axis base, an X-axis stage, an X-axis ball screw, an X-axis nut, an X-axis slider, an X-axis guide rod, an X-axis limit switch, and an X-axis motor;

[0028] The X-axis ball screw is located inside the X-axis base frame, and its two ends are respectively hinged to the side walls of the X-axis base; the X-axis motor is fixedly connected to one end of the X-axis ball screw and is used to drive the X-axis ball screw to rotate.

[0029] The X-axis ball screw is equipped with a matching X-axis nut; two X-axis guide rods are symmetrically arranged on the X-axis base, and the two X-axis guide rods are parallel to each other on both sides of the X-axis ball screw; an X-axis slider is provided on the rod body of the X-axis guide rod, and the X-axis slider can slide along the X-axis guide rod.

[0030] The X-axis platform is located above the X-axis base and is fixedly connected to the top of the X-axis nut and the X-axis slider; an X-axis limit switch is provided on the X-axis base near the X-axis motor mounting position to limit the movement stroke of the XYZ three-axis shifting system along the X direction.

[0031] Furthermore, the Y-axis motion component of the XYZ three-axis shifting system includes a Y-axis base, a Y-axis connecting plate, a Y-axis ball screw, a Y-axis nut, a Y-axis slider, a Y-axis guide rod, a Y-axis limit switch, and a Y-axis motor;

[0032] The Y-axis base is arranged perpendicular to the X-axis direction and located below the X-axis platform; the bottom of the Y-axis base is fixedly connected to the top of the X-axis nut and the X-axis slider; Y-axis connecting plates are vertically fixed to the top of both ends of the Y-axis base; the Y-axis ball screw is arranged parallel to the top of the Y-axis connecting plate, and its two ends are hinged to the side wall of the Y-axis connecting plate; the Y-axis motor is fixedly connected to one end of the Y-axis ball screw and is used to drive the Y-axis ball screw to rotate.

[0033] The Y-axis ball screw is provided with a Y-axis nut that mates with it; a Y-axis guide rod is arranged parallel to both sides of the Y-axis ball screw, and the two ends of the Y-axis guide rod are respectively fixedly connected to two Y-axis connecting plates; a Y-axis slider is provided on the Y-axis guide rod that mates with it, and the Y-axis slider can slide along the Y-axis guide rod;

[0034] A Y-axis limit switch is installed on the top of the Y-axis connecting plate near the Y-axis motor to limit the travel of the XYZ three-axis shifting system in the Y direction.

[0035] Furthermore, the Z-axis motion component of the XYZ three-axis shifting system includes a first Z-axis base, a second Z-axis base, a Z-axis ball screw, a Z-axis nut, a Z-axis slider, a Z-axis guide rod, a Z-axis limit switch, and a Z-axis motor;

[0036] The two ends of the Z-axis ball screw are respectively hinged to the first Z-axis base and the second Z-axis base arranged parallel from top to bottom; the Z-axis motor is fixedly connected to one end of the Z-axis ball screw and is used to drive the Z-axis ball screw to rotate.

[0037] The Z-axis ball screw is provided with a Z-axis nut that mates with it; a Z-axis guide rod parallel to it is provided on both sides of the Z-axis ball screw, and the two ends of the Z-axis guide rod are respectively fixedly connected to the first Z-axis base and the second Z-axis base;

[0038] The Z-axis guide rod is also equipped with a Z-axis slider that cooperates with it, and the Z-axis slider can slide up and down along the Z-axis guide rod;

[0039] The Z-axis limit switch is located on the Z-axis base near the mounting position of the Z-axis motor and is used to limit the travel distance of the XYZ three-axis shifting system along the Z-axis.

[0040] Furthermore, the Y-axis nut and the Y-axis slider are integrated into one piece; the Z-axis nut and the Z-axis slider are integrated into one piece.

[0041] Furthermore, the mounting box of the detection module is fixedly installed on the side wall of the Z-axis nut and the Z-axis slider; the signal blocking block is vertically arranged, and its bottom is fixedly connected to the side wall of the second Z-axis base.

[0042] The advantages of this utility model are:

[0043] 1. This utility model's rapid circuit fault detection system includes a detection module, an XYZ three-axis shifting system, a 3T1R pose adjustment system, a motion control system, and a monitoring and data acquisition comparison system. The monitoring and data acquisition comparison system has a pre-established database of the volt-ampere characteristics of the pins of intact circuit boards of the same model. The detection module includes probes and voltage measurement circuits for measuring the voltage and resistance values ​​between the pins of the circuit board under test and the GND terminal of the circuit board. The XYZ three-axis shifting system is used to adjust the position of the probes in the detection module, and the 3T1R pose adjustment system is used to adjust the horizontal position and vertical height of the circuit board under test to achieve measurement of all pins.

[0044] 2. High testing efficiency and low cost: This invention uses voltage and resistance value comparison, avoiding reliance on complex equipment (such as oscilloscopes, thermal imagers, etc.) for fault diagnosis. A single installation can complete the testing of all pins on the circuit board. Compared to traditional functional tests that require specific working environments, this can be performed without relying on complex external systems, thus significantly reducing testing costs and increasing the speed of fault location.

[0045] 3. Non-destructive testing with high safety: This invention achieves fault detection by measuring the voltage and resistance values ​​between the circuit board pins and their ground terminals, without damaging the circuit board or its components. It is very suitable for high-reliability applications (such as aerospace and medical equipment), reducing the risk of damage to the circuit board and its components during fault detection and ensuring the integrity and safety of the circuit board during the testing process.

[0046] 4. Precisely locates circuit fault areas: By comparing the voltage and resistance values ​​of the circuit board under test and a healthy circuit board, the fault area (specific pin) in the circuit can be directly identified. This detection system can accurately pinpoint the fault type, including soldering problems, poor contact, open circuits, and short circuits, avoiding the problems of traditional fault detection methods that may cover too wide a range and fail to pinpoint the fault. Especially in complex circuits, comparing resistance values ​​can quickly narrow down the scope of fault investigation, saving time and improving maintenance efficiency.

[0047] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0048] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this utility model will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the circuit board fault rapid detection system of this utility model;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of the circuit board fault rapid detection system of this utility model;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical architecture of the circuit board fault rapid detection system of this utility model;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a partial view of the circuit board fault rapid detection system of this utility model;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a partial exploded view of the circuit board fault rapid detection system of this utility model;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the XYZ three-axis shifting system in this utility model;

[0055] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the fault detection process for circuit boards using the detection system of this utility model.

[0056] Figure labeling: 1-Detection module, 101-Mounting box, 102-Micro display, 103-Photoelectric switch, 104-Probe, 105-Grounding wire, 106-Signal blocking block; 2-XYZ three-axis shifting system, 21-X-axis motion component, 22-Y-axis motion component, 23-Z-axis motion component; 2100-X-axis base, 2101-X-axis stage, 2102-X-axis ball screw, 2 103-X-axis nut, 2104-X-axis slider, 2105-X-axis guide rod, 2106-X-axis limit switch, 2107-X-axis motor; 2200-Y-axis base, 2201-Y-axis connecting plate, 2202-Y-axis ball screw, 2203-Y-axis nut, 2204-Y-axis slider, 2205-Y-axis guide rod, 2206-Y-axis limit switch, 2207-Y-axis motor; 2300-Z 2301-Z-axis base A, 2302-Z-axis ball screw, 2303-Z-axis nut, 2304-Z-axis slider, 2305-Z-axis guide rod, 2306-Z-axis limit switch, 2307-Z-axis motor; 3-3T1R posture adjustment system, 30-mounting base, 31-2T1R fine-tuning platform, 32-height adjustable mounting assembly; 3201-adapter plate, 3201A-guide screw hole, 3202-guide screw, 3203-locking nut, 3204-spring, 3205-adjustable nut, 3206-circuit board mounting bracket, 3206A-hollow groove, 3206B-threaded hole, 3207-positioning screw; 4-motion control system, 5-monitoring and data acquisition comparison system, 6-signal line, 7-circuit board under test, 701-pin, 702-circuit board GND terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0057] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. These embodiments are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0058] Reference Figures 1-3This utility model provides a rapid circuit board fault detection system, including a detection module 1, an XYZ three-axis shifting system 2, a 3T1R pose adjustment system 3, a motion control system 4, and a monitoring and data acquisition comparison system 5. The circuit board under test (7) is mounted on top of the 3T1R pose adjustment system 3; the 3T1R pose adjustment system 3 is fixed to the X-axis motion component of the XYZ three-axis shifting system 2, and is used to adjust the spatial pose of the circuit under test. The detection module 1 is fixed to the Z-axis motion component of the XYZ three-axis shifting system and faces the circuit board under test 7; the detection module is used to measure the voltage value between each pin on the circuit board under test and its GND terminal. The XYZ three-axis shifting system 2 is used to adjust the spatial position of the detection module to achieve detection of all pins on the circuit board under test. The monitoring and data acquisition comparison system 5 is connected to the motion control system 4 and the detection module 1. It monitors the motion status of the XYZ three-axis shifting system and sends motion control commands to the motion control system. It also receives the volt-ampere characteristic data of each pin on the circuit board under test from the detection module. Furthermore, the monitoring and data comparison system pre-stores a database of the volt-ampere characteristics of intact circuit board pins, containing pin numbers and corresponding reference ranges for volt-ampere characteristic values. The motion control system 4 can control the movement of the XYZ three-axis shifting system according to the motion control commands sent by the monitoring and data acquisition comparison system 5.

[0059] Specifically, refer to Figure 4 The testing module 1 includes a mounting box 101, a microdisplay 102, a photoelectric switch 103, a probe 104, an embedded controller, a voltage measurement circuit, an adapter resistor, and a voltage regulator circuit. The embedded controller, voltage measurement circuit, adapter resistor, and voltage regulator circuit are housed inside the mounting box 101, while the microdisplay 102 is mounted on the outer wall of the mounting box, facilitating the observation of the test data of the circuit board under test during the testing process.

[0060] The voltage measurement circuit is connected to and powered by the embedded controller. The VCC output of the voltage measurement circuit is connected in series with an adapter resistor and probe 104. The GND terminal of the voltage regulator circuit is connected to the GND terminal of the circuit board under test (PCB) via grounding wire 105. Probe 104 is used to contact a pin on the PCB to detect the voltage between the pin and the PCB's GND terminal. The positive and negative terminals of the voltage measurement circuit are connected to probe 104 and the PCB's GND terminal, respectively. The voltage measurement circuit calculates the corresponding resistance value based on the voltage value detected by the probe between the pin and the PCB's GND terminal, and transmits the voltage and resistance values ​​as the measured volt-ampere characteristic data of the corresponding pin to the embedded controller. The voltage measurement circuit obtains the measured volt-ampere characteristic data of each pin of the circuit board under test in the following manner: When the probe contacts the pin under test, the voltage measurement circuit measures the voltage value between the pin under test and the GND terminal of the circuit board under test multiple times within a set time period (starting at the moment when the signal of the photoelectric switch 103 is blocked by the signal blocking block 106), and filters the voltage value; then, based on the resistance value of the adapter resistor, the output voltage of the voltage regulator circuit, and the measured voltage value between the pin and the GND terminal of the circuit board under test, the resistance value between the corresponding pin and the GND terminal of the circuit board under test is calculated; the XYZ three-axis shifting system controls the probe to move and measures all pins on the circuit board under test in sequence.

[0061] The voltage regulator circuit is connected to the embedded controller, which supplies power to the circuit. The resistance value of the adapter resistor and the output voltage of the voltage regulator circuit are known and can be determined by those skilled in the art based on the maximum current and voltage that the circuit board under test can withstand. In this embodiment, the output voltage of the voltage regulator circuit is twice the maximum voltage that a healthy circuit board under test can withstand at its GND terminal and pin terminals. The resistance value of the adapter resistor is calculated based on the output voltage of the voltage regulator circuit and the maximum current that a healthy circuit board under test can withstand.

[0062] Microdisplay 102 is connected to the embedded controller and is used to display information such as pin numbers, voltage values, and resistance values ​​in real time. Photoelectric switch 103 is also connected to the embedded controller and is used to detect the relative position information between the probe and the pins of the circuit board under test (TBD) and transmit this information to the embedded controller. When the signal from the photoelectric switch is blocked, it indicates that the probe is in contact with the pin currently being measured on the TBD, the probe stops moving, and the voltage measurement circuit and probe perform the measurement on the current pin.

[0063] The embedded controller is connected to the monitoring and data acquisition comparison system 5, which powers the embedded controller. The embedded controller and the monitoring and data acquisition comparison system can communicate and transmit data.

[0064] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The 3T1R pose adjustment system 3 includes a mounting base 30, a 2T1R fine-tuning platform 31, and a height-adjustable mounting assembly 32. The mounting base 30 is fixed to the top plane of the X-axis motion component of the XYZ three-axis shifting system. The 2T1R fine-tuning platform 31 is fixedly mounted on top of the mounting base 30, and the height-adjustable mounting assembly 32 is fixedly mounted on top of the 2T1R fine-tuning platform 31. The circuit board under test is mounted on top of the height-adjustable mounting assembly 32.

[0065] Specifically, the 2T1R fine-tuning platform 31 can mechanically adjust the position of the height-adjustable mounting component 32 along the X and Y directions, as well as the spatial angle around the Z axis, thereby realizing the position of the circuit board under test mounted on the height-adjustable mounting component along the X and Y directions, as well as the spatial angle around the Z axis.

[0066] Specifically, the height-adjustable mounting assembly 32 includes an adapter plate 3201, a circuit board mounting bracket 3206, and several adjustable components. The circuit board mounting bracket 3206 is mounted on the top of the adapter plate 3201 via the adjustable components. The adjustable components include a guide screw 3202 and a locking nut 3203, a spring 3204, and an adjustable nut 3205 sequentially mounted on the guide screw. The guide screw 3202 passes through guide screw holes 3201A opened on the adapter plate 3201 and the circuit board mounting bracket 3206. The lower end face of the locking nut 3203 is in contact with the top surface of the adapter plate 3201 and is used to engage with the head of the guide screw to lock and fix the adapter plate 3201.

[0067] Spring 3204 is fitted onto guide screw 3202, with both ends of the spring abutting between the upper end face of locking nut 3203 and the bottom of circuit board mounting bracket 3206. By adjusting the engagement length of adjustable nut 3203, the compression state of the spring can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the height of the circuit board under test along the Z-axis through spring compression deformation. The tail of guide screw 3202 extends out of the guide screw hole on the circuit board mounting bracket and is screwed onto adjustable nut 3205. The circuit board under test is fixedly mounted on the top of the circuit board mounting bracket. The height-adjustable mounting assembly 32 achieves vertical height adjustment of the circuit board under test through spring compression deformation, preventing rigid contact between the probe and the circuit board under test and avoiding structural damage to the circuit board under test.

[0068] Specifically, the top of the circuit board mounting bracket has a hollow groove 3206A for accommodating the circuit board under test, and the size of the hollow groove is larger than the size of the circuit board under test. The sidewall of the circuit board mounting bracket has several threaded holes 3206B; it also includes several locking screws 3207, which engage with the threaded holes 3206B on the sidewall of the circuit board mounting bracket to horizontally fix the circuit board under test.

[0069] Reference Figure 6The XYZ three-axis shifting system includes an X-axis motion assembly 21, a Y-axis motion assembly 22, and a Z-axis motion assembly 23. The X-axis motion assembly includes an X-axis base 2100, an X-axis stage 2101, an X-axis ball screw 2102, an X-axis nut 2103, an X-axis slider 2104, an X-axis guide rod 2105, an X-axis limit switch 2106, and an X-axis motor 2107 (containing a reducer). The X-axis ball screw 2102 is located within the frame of the X-axis base 2100, with both ends hinged to the side walls of the X-axis base 2100. One end of the X-axis ball screw is fixedly connected to the X-axis motor 2107 (containing a reducer). A matching X-axis nut 2103 is provided on the X-axis ball screw body. Two X-axis guide rods 2105 are symmetrically arranged on the X-axis base, parallel to each other on both sides of the X-axis ball screw. An X-axis slider 2104 is mounted on the X-axis guide rod 2105 and slides along it. The X-axis stage 2101 is located above the X-axis base 2100 and is fixedly connected to the top of the X-axis nut 2103 and the X-axis slider 2104. The X-axis motor 2107 drives the X-axis ball screw to rotate, causing the X-axis nut to reciprocate linearly, which in turn drives the X-axis stage 2101 to reciprocate along the X-axis. An X-axis limit switch is located at the end of the X-axis base near the X-axis motor to limit the travel distance of the XYZ three-axis shifting system along the X-axis.

[0070] The Y-axis motion assembly includes a Y-axis base 2200, a Y-axis connecting plate 2201, a Y-axis ball screw 2202, a Y-axis nut 2203, a Y-axis slider 2204, a Y-axis guide rod 2205, a Y-axis limit switch 2206, and a Y-axis motor 2207 (containing a reducer). The Y-axis base 2200 is arranged perpendicular to the X-axis direction and located below the X-axis stage 2101. The bottom of the Y-axis base 2200 is fixedly connected to the top of the X-axis nut 2103 and the X-axis slider 2104. The top of each end of the Y-axis base 2200 is vertically fixed to the top of the Y-axis connecting plate. The Y-axis ball screw 2202 is arranged parallel to the top of the Y-axis connecting plate, and its two ends are hinged to the side walls of the Y-axis connecting plate. One end of the Y-axis ball screw is fixedly connected to the Y-axis motor 2207 (containing a reducer). The Y-axis motor housing is fixedly installed on the outer wall of one of the Y-axis connecting plates. The Y-axis ball screw 2202 is equipped with a Y-axis nut 2203 that mates with it. A Y-axis guide rod 2205 is arranged parallel to both sides of the Y-axis ball screw, and both ends of the Y-axis guide rod 2205 are fixedly connected to two Y-axis connecting plates 2201 respectively. A Y-axis slider 2204 is provided on the Y-axis guide rod 2205 and mates with it, allowing the Y-axis slider to slide along the Y-axis guide rod. In this embodiment, the Y-axis nut and Y-axis slider are of a single integrated structure. The Y-axis motor drives the Y-axis ball screw 2202 to rotate, thereby causing the Y-axis nut and slider assembly to reciprocate linearly. A Y-axis limit switch 2206 is provided on the top of the Y-axis connecting plate near the Y-axis motor to limit the travel distance of the XYZ three-axis shifting system in the Y-axis direction.

[0071] The Z-axis motion assembly includes a first Z-axis base 2300, a second Z-axis base 2301, a Z-axis ball screw 2302, a Z-axis nut 2303, a Z-axis slider 2304, a Z-axis guide rod 2305, a Z-axis limit switch 2306, and a Z-axis motor 2307 (containing a reducer). Both ends of the Z-axis ball screw 2302 are hinged to the first Z-axis base 2300 and the second Z-axis base 2301, which are arranged parallel to each other from top to bottom. One end of the Z-axis ball screw 2302 is fixedly connected to the Z-axis motor 2307; the housing of the Z-axis motor 2307 is fixedly mounted on the first Z-axis base 2300. A Z-axis nut 2303 is provided on the Z-axis ball screw 2302 to mate with it. On both sides of the Z-axis ball screw 2302, there is a parallel Z-axis guide rod 2305. The two ends of the Z-axis guide rod are fixedly connected to the first Z-axis base 2300 and the second Z-axis base 2301, respectively. A Z-axis slider 2304 is also provided on the Z-axis guide rod, and the Z-axis slider 2304 can slide up and down along the Z-axis guide rod. In this embodiment, the Z-axis nut and the Z-axis slider are integrated. A Z-axis limit switch 2306 is provided on the first Z-axis base 2300 to limit the travel distance of the XYZ three-axis shifting system along the Z-axis. The Z-axis motor drives the Z-axis ball screw to rotate, which in turn drives the Z-axis nut and slider assembly to reciprocate linearly.

[0072] The combined connection relationship of the X-axis motion component, Y-axis motion component, Z-axis motion component, and detection module is as follows: The Y-axis base 2200 of the Y-axis motion component is fixedly connected to the top of the X-axis nut 2103 and X-axis slider 2104 of the X-axis motion component. The Z-axis first base 2300 and Z-axis second base 2301 of the Z-axis motion component are fixedly connected to the upper and lower ends of the nut and slider assembly of the Y-axis motion component, respectively. The mounting box 101 of the detection module is fixedly mounted on the side wall of the Z-axis nut and slider assembly. The signal blocking block 106 of the detection module is vertically set, and its bottom is fixedly connected to the side wall of the Z-axis second base 2301. The spatial movement of the probe position of the detection module can be realized by moving the X-axis motion component, Y-axis motion component, and Z-axis motion component.

[0073] Reference Figure 7 The process of using this novel circuit board fault rapid detection system to detect faults in the circuit board under test is as follows:

[0074] Step 1: Place the circuit board to be tested into the hollow groove of the circuit board mounting bracket on the top of the 3T1R posture adjustment system and tighten it with the locking screw 3207.

[0075] Connect the GND terminal of the circuit board under test to the negative terminal of the voltage measurement circuit, turn on the motion control system and the monitoring and data acquisition comparison system, and initialize the detection system.

[0076] Step 2: Fine-tune the position and spatial orientation of the circuit board under test using the 3T1R pose adjustment system so that the circuit board under test is facing the detection module 1.

[0077] Step 3: The monitoring and data acquisition comparison system outputs motion control commands based on the current position of detection module 1. The motion control system drives the XYZ three-axis moving system to move according to the received motion control commands, continuously adjusting the position of the probe on the detection module. When the probe contacts any pin on the circuit board under test, the detection module collects the voltage data between the pin and the GND terminal of the circuit board under test, processes and calculates the collected voltage data to obtain the corresponding resistance value, and feeds back the volt-ampere characteristics (voltage value and resistance value) of the pin to the monitoring and data acquisition comparison system.

[0078] Following the above method, the testing module completes the measurement of the volt-ampere characteristics of all pins on the circuit board under test.

[0079] Step 4: The monitoring and data acquisition comparison system compares the current-voltage characteristics of all pins of the circuit board under test with the current-voltage characteristic reference range of the corresponding pins of a pre-established intact circuit board of the same model. If the current-voltage characteristics of all pins do not exceed the reference range of the corresponding pins, the circuit board under test is determined to be fault-free; if the current-voltage characteristic of any pin exceeds the reference range of the corresponding pin, the circuit board under test is determined to be faulty.

[0080] The above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A rapid fault detection system for circuit boards, characterized in that, This includes a monitoring and data acquisition and comparison system, a detection module, an XYZ three-axis shifting system, a pose adjustment system, and a motion control system; The circuit board under test is mounted on top of the pose adjustment system, which is used to adjust the spatial pose of the circuit under test. The pose adjustment system is fixed to the X-axis motion component of the XYZ three-axis displacement system. The detection module is fixed on the Z-axis motion component of the XYZ three-axis shifting system and faces the circuit board under test; the detection module is used to measure the voltage value between each pin on the circuit board under test and the GND terminal of the circuit board under test. The XYZ three-axis shifting system is used to adjust the spatial position of the detection module; The monitoring and data acquisition comparison system is connected to the motion control system and the detection module. It is used to monitor the motion status of the XYZ three-axis shifting system and send motion control commands to the motion control system. It is also used to receive the volt-ampere characteristic data of each pin of the circuit board under test output by the detection module. The monitoring and data comparison system has a database of volt-ampere characteristics of the pins of intact circuit boards of the same model stored in advance. The database contains the pin number and the corresponding volt-ampere characteristic reference range. The motion control system can control the movement of the XYZ three-axis shifting system according to the motion control commands sent by the monitoring and data acquisition comparison system.

2. The circuit board fault rapid detection system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The posture adjustment system includes a mounting base, a fine-tuning platform, and a height-adjustable mounting component. The mounting base is fixed on the X-axis motion component at the bottom of the XYZ three-axis displacement system, and the mounting base, the fine-tuning platform, and the height-adjustable mounting component are sequentially connected from bottom to top; The fine-tuning platform is used to adjust the spatial pose of the height-adjustable mounting component. The circuit board under test is mounted on top of the height-adjustable mounting assembly.

3. The circuit board fault rapid detection system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The height-adjustable mounting assembly includes an adapter plate, a circuit board mounting bracket, and several adjustable components; The circuit board mounting bracket is mounted on top of the adapter plate via the adjustable component; The adjustable component includes a guide screw and a locking nut, a spring, and an adjustable nut sequentially mounted on the guide screw. The guide screw passes through the guide screw hole opened on the adapter plate and the circuit board mounting bracket, and the lower end face of the locking nut is in contact with the top surface of the adapter plate to lock and fix the adapter plate. The spring is fitted onto the guide screw, and both ends of the spring abut against the upper end face of the locking nut and the bottom of the circuit board mounting bracket; The tail of the guide screw extends out of the guide screw hole on the circuit board mounting bracket and is screwed into the adjustable nut. The circuit board under test is mounted on top of the circuit board mounting bracket.

4. The rapid fault detection system for circuit boards according to claim 3, characterized in that, The top of the circuit board mounting bracket has a hollow groove for accommodating the circuit board to be tested, and the size of the hollow groove is larger than the size of the circuit board to be tested; the side wall of the circuit board mounting bracket has several threaded holes. It also includes several locking screws, which are used to engage with threaded holes on the sidewall of the circuit board mounting bracket to horizontally fix the circuit board under test.

5. The rapid fault detection system for circuit boards according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection module includes an embedded controller, a voltage measurement circuit, a probe, an adapter resistor, a voltage regulator circuit, a microdisplay, a photoelectric switch, a signal blocking block, and a mounting box. The embedded controller, voltage measurement circuit, adapter resistor, and voltage regulator circuit are integrated and installed in the mounting box; the embedded controller is used to communicate and transmit data with the monitoring and data acquisition comparison system, and to supply power to the voltage measurement circuit and the voltage regulator circuit. The VCC output terminal of the voltage regulator circuit is connected in series with an adapter resistor and a probe, and the GND terminal of the voltage regulator circuit is connected to the GND terminal of the circuit board under test. The positive and negative terminals of the voltage measurement circuit are connected to the probe and the GND terminal of the circuit board under test, respectively, to obtain the measured volt-ampere characteristic data of the pins of the circuit board under test and transmit it to the embedded controller. The probe is vertically fixed to the bottom of the mounting box and is used to contact the pins in the circuit board under test. The photoelectric switch and the signal blocking block are used to detect the relative position information between the probe and the pin of the circuit board under test and transmit it to the embedded controller to determine whether the probe is in contact with the pin to be measured. The microdisplay is connected to the embedded controller and is used to display the pin numbers, voltage values, and resistance values ​​of the circuit board under test in real time.

6. The rapid fault detection system for circuit boards according to claim 5, characterized in that, The X-axis motion component of the XYZ three-axis shifting system includes an X-axis base, an X-axis stage, an X-axis ball screw, an X-axis nut, an X-axis slider, an X-axis guide rod, an X-axis limit switch, and an X-axis motor. The X-axis ball screw is located inside the X-axis base frame, and its two ends are respectively hinged to the side walls of the X-axis base; the X-axis motor is fixedly connected to one end of the X-axis ball screw and is used to drive the X-axis ball screw to rotate. The X-axis ball screw is equipped with a matching X-axis nut; two X-axis guide rods are symmetrically arranged on the X-axis base, and the two X-axis guide rods are parallel to each other on both sides of the X-axis ball screw. The X-axis guide rod is provided with an X-axis slider that cooperates with it, and the X-axis slider can slide along the X-axis guide rod; The X-axis platform is located above the X-axis base and is fixedly connected to the top of the X-axis nut and the X-axis slider; an X-axis limit switch is provided on the X-axis base near the X-axis motor mounting position to limit the movement stroke of the XYZ three-axis shifting system along the X direction.

7. The rapid fault detection system for circuit boards according to claim 6, characterized in that, The Y-axis motion component of the XYZ three-axis shifting system includes a Y-axis base, a Y-axis connecting plate, a Y-axis ball screw, a Y-axis nut, a Y-axis slider, a Y-axis guide rod, a Y-axis limit switch, and a Y-axis motor. The Y-axis base is arranged perpendicular to the X-axis direction and is located below the X-axis platform; the bottom of the Y-axis base is fixedly connected to the X-axis nut and the top of the X-axis slider. The top of each end of the Y-axis base is vertically fixed with a Y-axis connecting plate; the Y-axis ball screw is arranged parallel to the top of the Y-axis connecting plate, and its two ends are respectively hinged to the side wall of the Y-axis connecting plate. The Y-axis motor is fixedly connected to one end of the Y-axis ball screw and is used to drive the Y-axis ball screw to rotate. The Y-axis ball screw is provided with a Y-axis nut that mates with it; a Y-axis guide rod is arranged parallel to both sides of the Y-axis ball screw, and the two ends of the Y-axis guide rod are respectively fixedly connected to two Y-axis connecting plates. The Y-axis guide rod is equipped with a Y-axis slider that cooperates with it, and the Y-axis slider can slide along the Y-axis guide rod; A Y-axis limit switch is installed on the top of the Y-axis connecting plate near the Y-axis motor to limit the travel of the XYZ three-axis shifting system in the Y direction.

8. The rapid fault detection system for circuit boards according to claim 7, characterized in that, The Z-axis motion component of the XYZ three-axis shifting system includes a first Z-axis base, a second Z-axis base, a Z-axis ball screw, a Z-axis nut, a Z-axis slider, a Z-axis guide rod, a Z-axis limit switch, and a Z-axis motor. The two ends of the Z-axis ball screw are respectively hinged to the first Z-axis base and the second Z-axis base arranged parallel from top to bottom; the Z-axis motor is fixedly connected to one end of the Z-axis ball screw and is used to drive the Z-axis ball screw to rotate. The Z-axis ball screw is provided with a Z-axis nut that mates with it; a Z-axis guide rod parallel to it is provided on both sides of the Z-axis ball screw, and the two ends of the Z-axis guide rod are respectively fixedly connected to the first Z-axis base and the second Z-axis base; The Z-axis guide rod is also equipped with a Z-axis slider that cooperates with it, and the Z-axis slider can slide up and down along the Z-axis guide rod; The Z-axis limit switch is located on the Z-axis base near the mounting position of the Z-axis motor and is used to limit the travel distance of the XYZ three-axis shifting system along the Z-axis.

9. The circuit board fault rapid detection system according to claim 8, characterized in that, The Y-axis nut and the Y-axis slider are integrated into one piece; the Z-axis nut and the Z-axis slider are integrated into one piece.

10. The rapid fault detection system for circuit boards according to claim 8, characterized in that, The mounting box of the detection module is fixedly installed on the side wall of the Z-axis nut and the Z-axis slider; The signal blocking block is vertically arranged, and its bottom is fixedly connected to the side wall of the second base on the Z-axis.

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