A seepage control wall for the dam foundation of a plain reservoir

Abstract

The application discloses a dam foundation anti-seepage wall of a plain reservoir surrounding dam, which comprises a concrete outer layer, the inside of the concrete outer layer is sequentially provided with an adsorption layer, a water-resisting layer and a solid layer from right to left; the adsorption layer comprises a plurality of first sandstones and concrete, the plurality of first sandstones are longitudinally distributed on a plurality of longitudinal planes in the inside of the concrete outer layer, and the outer surfaces of the first sandstones are wrapped with water-absorbing layers; the water-resisting layer comprises a water-resisting film, the water-resisting film divides the inside of the concrete outer layer into two areas; the solid layer comprises a plurality of second sandstones and concrete, and the plurality of second sandstones are accumulated and distributed in the inside of the concrete outer layer; and the size of the first sandstone is smaller than that of the second sandstone. The waterproof layer, the adsorption layer, the water-resisting layer and the solid layer are embedded in the anti-seepage wall in multiple layers, so that the dam foundation anti-seepage wall is applicable to different complex strata and has self-protection durability in long-term use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of construction technology for reservoir dams in plains, and in particular to a seepage-proof wall for the foundation of a reservoir dam in plains. Background Technology

[0002] In reservoir construction in plain areas, the seepage prevention performance of the dam foundation directly affects the safe operation and service life of the reservoir. Current mainstream seepage prevention measures for dam foundations, such as clay cutoff walls and cement grouting curtains, have significant technical bottlenecks: clay cutoff walls rely on clay resources from specific geological layers and are limited by the soil's low impermeability and large compressive deformation, making them prone to cracking and leakage under high water level conditions; cement grouting curtains, on the other hand, are difficult to control due to the loose sandy loam soil in plain areas, easily creating grouting blind zones, and are prone to structural cracking due to uneven foundation settlement during long-term operation. With the continuous advancement of large-scale plain reservoir construction, such as the ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin and supporting projects for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the shortcomings of existing technologies in adaptability to complex strata and seepage prevention durability are becoming increasingly apparent. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a seepage barrier wall for the foundation of a plain reservoir dam. This seepage barrier wall is constructed by embedding multiple layers of waterproof, absorbent, waterproof, and solid layers within it, making it suitable for various complex geological formations and providing long-term durability.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a seepage prevention wall for the foundation of a plain reservoir dam, comprising a concrete outer layer, wherein the inner surface of the concrete outer layer is provided with an adsorption layer, a water-proof layer and a solid layer from right to left;

[0005] The adsorption layer includes a plurality of first sand and gravel and concrete. The plurality of first sand and gravel are longitudinally distributed on multiple longitudinal planes inside the outer layer of the concrete. The outer surface of the first sand and gravel is covered with an absorbent layer.

[0006] The waterproof layer includes a waterproof membrane, which divides the interior of the concrete outer layer into two regions, left and right.

[0007] The solid layer includes several second sand and gravel and concrete, with the second sand and gravel piled up inside the concrete outer layer;

[0008] The size of the first sand and gravel is smaller than the size of the second sand and gravel.

[0009] Furthermore, the adsorption layer also includes a steel mesh located inside the outer layer of the concrete, and the steel mesh is used to divide and fix the first sand and gravel.

[0010] Furthermore, each grid of the steel mesh carries at least one of the first sand and gravel particles.

[0011] Furthermore, the steel mesh is a three-dimensional mesh.

[0012] Furthermore, the waterproof membrane is a corrugated HDPE geomembrane.

[0013] Furthermore, a waterproof layer is provided on the surface of the outer concrete layer.

[0014] Furthermore, a plurality of first fixing blocks are uniformly arranged on the left side surface of the outer concrete layer, and the plurality of first fixing blocks are distributed in a matrix.

[0015] Furthermore, a water-guiding block is provided above the right side surface of the outer concrete layer, and the surface of the water-guiding block is inclined.

[0016] Furthermore, a number of second fixing blocks are evenly arranged on the right side surface of the outer concrete layer, and the number of second fixing blocks are distributed in a matrix, with the second fixing blocks located below the water-diverting block.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] This invention provides a seepage barrier wall for the foundation of a plain reservoir dam. It features a multi-layered embedded structure, significantly improving the adaptability and durability of the seepage barrier wall during long-term use through the synergistic effect of a waterproof layer, an absorbent layer, a waterproof layer, and a reinforcing layer. Specifically, the waterproof layer is placed on the outer surface of the concrete, forming an initial barrier to resist external moisture erosion; the absorbent layer consists of longitudinally distributed sand and gravel surrounding the absorbent layer and fixed with a steel mesh, effectively absorbing and buffering seepage water in the strata, reducing the impact of water pressure on the wall, and thus preventing localized leakage in complex strata such as loose sandy loam; the waterproof layer uses a corrugated HDPE geomembrane as a physical isolation layer, providing a highly elastic seal to resist uneven foundation settlement and prevent structural cracking during long-term operation; the reinforcing layer consists of a second layer of larger sand and gravel, enhancing the overall structural strength and resistance to compressive deformation, ensuring the stability of the wall under high water level conditions. This hierarchical design not only solves the problems of low impermeability of clay cutoff walls and difficulty in controlling the diffusion of cement grout curtains in the background technology, but also enables the cutoff wall to adapt to different geological conditions (such as sandy loam soil strata in the Yellow River Basin), and greatly improves the impermeability durability, reduces the risk of cracks and blind spots, and extends the service life of the reservoir.

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a seepage-proof wall for the foundation of a plain reservoir dam.

[0021] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the water-blocking block of the present invention.

[0023] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0024] 1. Outer concrete layer; 2. Steel mesh; 3. Waterproof layer; 4. First aggregate; 5. Second aggregate; 6. First fixing block; 7. Waterproof membrane; 8. Water diversion block; 9. Second fixing block. Detailed Implementation

[0025] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a seepage prevention wall for the foundation of a plain reservoir dam, comprising a concrete outer layer 1, wherein the interior of the concrete outer layer 1 is provided with an adsorption layer, a water-proof layer and a solid layer from right to left.

[0026] The adsorption layer includes a plurality of first sand and gravel 4 and concrete. The plurality of first sand and gravel 4 are longitudinally distributed on multiple longitudinal planes inside the outer layer 1 of concrete. The outer surface of the first sand and gravel 4 is covered with a water-absorbing layer.

[0027] The waterproof layer includes a waterproof membrane 7, which divides the interior of the concrete outer layer 1 into two regions, left and right.

[0028] The solid layer includes a plurality of second sand and gravel 5 and concrete, with the plurality of second sand and gravel 5 piled up and distributed inside the concrete outer layer 1;

[0029] The size of the first sand and gravel 4 is smaller than the size of the second sand and gravel 5.

[0030] In this invention, the water flow is assumed to be from right to left; therefore, the seepage barrier structure of this invention is based on... Figure 1 For example, the specific product result is determined based on the direction of water flow, that is, the arrangement direction of each layer is determined based on the direction of water flow.

[0031] The seepage barrier wall uses a concrete outer layer 1 as its main load-bearing structure. Internally, from right to left and based on the water flow direction, it sequentially incorporates an adsorption layer, a waterproof layer, and a solid layer. This layout addresses the weaknesses of clay walls in terms of impermeability and the tendency of cement curtain walls to crack, achieving graded seepage prevention through multi-layered synergistic action.

[0032] The adsorption layer of this invention preferentially absorbs seepage water, the waterproof layer blocks the lateral migration of water, and the solid layer provides structural support, forming a triple protection mechanism of "buffering-isolation-pressure bearing". This avoids the risk of single material failure and significantly improves long-term stability in loose strata such as sandy loam.

[0033] The following is an introduction to the structure of each layer.

[0034] The adsorption layer further includes a reinforcing mesh 2, which is located inside the outer concrete layer 1. The reinforcing mesh 2 is used to divide and fix the first aggregate 4. Each grid of the reinforcing mesh 2 carries at least one piece of the first aggregate 4. The reinforcing mesh 2 is a three-dimensional mesh.

[0035] The first aggregate 4 is made of basalt crushed stone with a particle size of 20-50mm, wrapped with a bentonite-based water-absorbing layer with a thickness of 3-5mm. The steel mesh 2 adopts a three-dimensional grid with a grid size of 80mm×80mm×80mm, and each grid contains 1-2 first aggregates 4.

[0036] During construction, steel mesh 2 is first erected, sand and gravel are filled into the mesh to wrap the water-absorbing layer, and then cement mortar is poured in. After solidification, concrete is formed to fill the gaps.

[0037] The absorbent layer expands upon contact with water, sealing micro-cracks and its longitudinal distribution guides the vertical diffusion of seepage. A three-dimensional steel mesh constrains the displacement of sand and gravel, preventing particle loss from loose strata. This achieves the effect of absorbing seepage water and buffering water pressure, eliminating the risk of "grouting blind spots" in sandy loam soils caused by cement grouting curtains.

[0038] The waterproof layer in this invention uses a waterproof membrane 7, which is a corrugated HDPE geomembrane.

[0039] The present invention embeds a corrugated HDPE geomembrane 7, namely a high-density polyethylene membrane, between the adsorption layer and the solid layer, with a thickness ≥2mm and a peak / trough height difference of 50mm.

[0040] The corrugated structure provides deformation allowance; when the foundation settles unevenly, the membrane can release stress through folding deformation. HDPE material has high ductility, elongation at break >500%, and chemical inertness, resisting hydraulic splitting and corrosion. This physically isolates moisture migration across layers, solving the structural cracking problem of cement grouting.

[0041] In this invention, the solid layer consists of a second layer of granite blocks with a particle size of 80-150mm, which is larger than the first layer of granite blocks and has a porosity of ≤30%. The second layer is filled with high-strength concrete.

[0042] Large-sized boulders form the framework structure, and the poured cement mortar, after curing, forms concrete to provide compressive strength, such as ≥30MPa, suppressing compressive deformation under high water level differences and solving the problems of clay wall defects. This ensures the overall stability of the wall and meets the long-term pressure requirements of high-water level reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin.

[0043] Meanwhile, in this invention, a waterproof layer 3 is provided on the surface of the concrete outer layer 1. A polymer waterproof coating, such as polyurethane, is coated on the surface of the concrete outer layer 1 to form a continuous film layer with a thickness of ≥5mm.

[0044] As the first line of defense, it blocks external moisture from penetrating into the capillaries of the concrete, preventing freeze-thaw erosion. This solves the problem of reduced impermeability of clay walls due to surface erosion.

[0045] In addition, a plurality of first fixing blocks 6 are uniformly arranged on the left side surface of the outer concrete layer 1, and the plurality of first fixing blocks 6 are arranged in a matrix. A water-guiding block 8 is arranged above the right side surface of the outer concrete layer 1, and the surface of the water-guiding block 8 is inclined. A plurality of second fixing blocks 9 are uniformly arranged on the right side surface of the outer concrete layer 1, and the plurality of second fixing blocks 9 are arranged in a matrix, with the second fixing blocks 9 located below the water-guiding blocks 8.

[0046] The first fixing block 6 is a 100mm high, 300mm matrix-spaced conical concrete block welded to the left side of the outer concrete layer 1, used to anchor the seepage barrier wall to the dam backfill. The water diversion block 8 is a 15° inclined concrete wedge on the top right side, which diverts surface runoff away from the wall. The second fixing block 9 is a matrix of anchoring blocks set below the water diversion block 8, enhancing the stability of the external slope. Their combined effect is to synergistically improve the wall's anti-slip capacity and surface drainage efficiency, extending its service life.

[0047] In summary, this invention addresses the inherent defects of two traditional processes by addressing the adaptability to complex geological formations, with the adsorption layer handling seepage in loose sandy loam and the solid layer resisting high water pressure. Regarding seepage prevention and durability, the corrugated HDPE membrane has a lifespan exceeding 50 years, providing elastic sealing and a multi-layered structure to distribute stress and prevent cracking caused by uneven settlement. For engineering applicability, the design of the fixing blocks and water diversion blocks meets the requirements of large plain reservoirs, such as the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and satisfies the need for standardized construction.

[0048] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Any simple modifications, alterations, or equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A seepage-proof wall for the foundation of a dam in a plain reservoir, characterized in that, It includes a concrete outer layer (1), and the interior of the concrete outer layer (1) is provided with an adsorption layer, a water-proof layer and a solid layer from right to left; The adsorption layer includes a plurality of first sand and gravel (4) and concrete. The plurality of first sand and gravel (4) are longitudinally distributed on multiple longitudinal planes inside the outer layer (1) of concrete. The outer surface of the first sand and gravel (4) is covered with an absorbent layer. The waterproof layer includes a waterproof membrane (7), which divides the interior of the concrete outer layer (1) into two regions, left and right. The solid layer includes a plurality of second sand and gravel (5) and concrete, wherein the plurality of second sand and gravel (5) are piled up and distributed inside the concrete outer layer (1); The size of the first sand (4) is smaller than the size of the second sand (5).

2. A seepage-proof wall for the foundation of a plain reservoir dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption layer also includes a steel mesh (2), which is located inside the outer concrete layer (1) and is used to divide and fix the first sand and gravel (4).

3. A seepage-proof wall for the foundation of a plain reservoir dam according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each grid of the steel mesh (2) shall bear at least one of the first sand and gravel (4).

4. A seepage-proof wall for the foundation of a plain reservoir dam according to claim 2, characterized in that, The steel mesh (2) is a three-dimensional mesh.

5. A seepage-proof wall for the foundation of a plain reservoir dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproof membrane (7) is a corrugated HDPE geomembrane.

6. A seepage-proof wall for the foundation of a plain reservoir dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, A waterproof layer (3) is provided on the surface of the outer concrete layer (1).

7. A seepage-proof wall for the foundation of a plain reservoir dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The left side surface of the concrete outer layer (1) is uniformly provided with a number of first fixing blocks (6), and the number of first fixing blocks (6) are distributed in a matrix.

8. A seepage-proof wall for the foundation of a plain reservoir dam according to claim 1, characterized in that, A water-guiding block (8) is provided above the right side surface of the outer concrete layer (1), and the surface of the water-guiding block (8) is inclined.

9. A seepage-proof wall for the foundation of a plain reservoir dam according to claim 8, characterized in that, A number of second fixing blocks (9) are evenly arranged on the right side surface of the outer concrete layer (1). The number of second fixing blocks (9) are arranged in a matrix and are located below the water-diverting block (8).

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