Dual power supply device for regional automatic weather station with automatic selection function

Abstract

The utility model discloses a double power supply device of regional automatic weather station with automatic selection function relates to automatic weather station technical field. Include: A electric control input, B electric control input, control unit and relay, the control unit includes undervoltage protection circuit and voltage stabilizing delay circuit, and through undervoltage protection circuit, voltage stabilizing delay circuit and the cooperation of relay interlock A electric control input and B electric control input, realize the automatic switching of power supply, undervoltage protection circuit includes reference power supply chip and PNP switch tube, and reference power supply chip and PNP switch tube are communicated through the wire between. The utility model discloses adopting the very mature component of technology, and the circuit structure is simple, and the cost is low and easy to make and stable and reliable work, effectively solved the fault of the collector caused by the battery charging shortage, both saved regional station maintenance cost and ensured the continuity of meteorological data.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of automatic weather station technology, specifically to a dual-power supply device for an area automatic weather station with automatic selection function. Background Technology

[0002] Meteorological stations are specialized observation facilities used to monitor meteorological elements and acquire meteorological data. They are widely used in fields such as weather forecasting, climate research, environmental monitoring, agricultural production, and aerospace. Through various sensors and instruments, they conduct real-time or continuous observations of the physical, chemical, and optical properties of the atmosphere, providing basic data support for meteorological analysis and decision-making.

[0003] To ensure stable operation, existing weather stations mostly employ intermediate relay switching and microcontroller switching methods. Intermediate relays cannot switch in time during the linear decline of battery voltage, only operating after a complete power outage, leading to interruptions in meteorological data. Microcontrollers, on the other hand, are costly, have weak anti-interference capabilities, and are complex to maintain. Therefore, a dual-power supply device for regional automatic weather stations with automatic selection function is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to solve the problems that intermediate relays cannot switch in time during the linear decline of battery voltage and only operate after the main power is completely cut off, resulting in interruption of meteorological data. The problems that single-chip microcomputers have high operating costs, weak anti-interference capabilities, and complex maintenance are also addressed by providing a dual-power supply device for regional automatic weather stations with automatic selection function.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model specifically adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A dual-power supply device for an automatic weather station with automatic selection function includes: an A-type electrical control input, a B-type electrical control input, a control unit, and a relay. The control unit includes an undervoltage protection circuit and a voltage regulation delay circuit. The A-type electrical control input and the B-type electrical control input are interlocked through the cooperation of the undervoltage protection circuit, the voltage regulation delay circuit, and the relay to realize automatic power switching.

[0007] Furthermore, the undervoltage protection circuit includes a reference power supply chip and a PNP switching transistor, and the reference power supply chip and the PNP switching transistor are connected by a wire.

[0008] Furthermore, the voltage regulation delay circuit includes a voltage regulator chip and a delay capacitor. The voltage regulator chip and the delay capacitor are connected by a wire, and the reference power supply chip and the voltage regulator chip are connected by a wire.

[0009] Furthermore, the undervoltage protection circuit also includes an adjustable pull-down voltage divider resistor.

[0010] Furthermore, the relay is a solid-state relay.

[0011] Furthermore, a filter capacitor is also provided at the output terminal of the voltage stabilization delay circuit.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0013] This utility model uses technologically mature components, has a simple circuit structure, is low in cost and easy to manufacture, and is stable and reliable in operation. It effectively solves the problem of data acquisition device failure caused by insufficient battery charging, which saves regional station maintenance costs and ensures the continuity of meteorological data. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is the schematic diagram of the control circuit of this utility model;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the load power supply principle of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0017] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0019] All electrical components mentioned in this article are connected to an external main controller and 220V AC mains power, and the main controller can be a conventional known device such as a computer that can control it.

[0020] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "inner", "outer", "upper", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the utility model product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0021] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, a dual-power supply device for an automatic weather station with automatic selection function includes: an A-type electrical control input, a B-type electrical control input, a control unit, and a relay. The control unit includes an undervoltage protection circuit and a voltage regulation delay circuit. The A-type and B-type electrical control inputs are interlocked through the cooperation of the undervoltage protection circuit, the voltage regulation delay circuit, and the relay, achieving automatic power switching. Specifically, both the A-type and B-type electrical control inputs are batteries. Multiple batteries are used for continuous alternating use. During use, the batteries are connected to the undervoltage protection circuit and the voltage regulation delay circuit via wires. The normally open and normally closed contacts of the relay interlock the main power supply and the backup power supply, achieving automatic switching between the main and backup power supplies.

[0022] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the undervoltage protection circuit includes a reference power supply chip and a PNP switching transistor, and the reference power supply chip and the PNP switching transistor are connected by a wire. Specifically, the reference power supply chip is a TL431 power supply chip, which samples the battery voltage during use. The PNP switching transistor can turn the current on and off according to the battery voltage during use, thereby realizing the undervoltage protection of the battery.

[0023] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the voltage regulation and delay circuit includes a voltage regulator chip and a delay capacitor. The voltage regulator chip and the delay capacitor are connected by a wire, and the reference power supply chip is also connected to the voltage regulator chip by a wire. Specifically, the voltage regulator chip is an LM2596-5.0 voltage regulator chip. Through the voltage regulator chip and the delay capacitor, the output voltage is stabilized and the delay function is achieved. The delay capacitor is charged using the voltage divider resistor at pin 5 of the LM2596-5.0 voltage regulator chip. Initially, pin 5 is at a high level of approximately 2V, and pin 2 outputs 0V. As the charging time increases, the voltage at pin 5 decreases linearly. After the capacitor is fully charged, the voltage at pin 5 drops below 1.235V, and pin 2 outputs a stable 5V voltage to the intermediate relay. Changing the capacitance can change the output delay time. The purpose of the delay is to restart the data acquisition unit so that the data acquisition unit can work more stably. When no delay is needed, pin 5 can be directly grounded. Without delay, seamless switching can be performed.

[0024] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the output of the voltage regulation delay circuit is also equipped with a filter capacitor. Specifically, the filter capacitor can effectively prevent power loss or voltage jump during relay switching. Power supply A is first applied to the normally open terminal of relay J1 after passing through the normally closed contact of relay J3. When the control circuit of power supply A is working, relay J1 is energized to complete the load power supply. When the voltage of power supply A drops below 10.5V, J1 is deactivated, cutting off the load power supply. At the same time, power supply B is applied to the control circuit of power supply B through the normally closed contact of relay J2. After about 3 seconds, relay J4 is energized, and power supply B connects to the load to complete the backup power supply. This circuit uses the normally open and normally closed contacts of 5V relays to complete the interlock function of main and backup power, that is, when the main power is working, the backup power is cut off, and when the backup power is working, the main power is cut off, preventing the two power supplies from supplying power to the load at the same time. In addition, incremental filter C3 is installed at the output terminal. When the relay switches, C3 discharges to prevent power loss or voltage jump.

[0025] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the undervoltage protection circuit also includes an adjustable pull-down voltage divider resistor. Specifically, the adjustable pull-down voltage divider resistor is a high-precision wire-wound variable resistor, which allows the protection voltage to be set according to different types of batteries during use. The protection voltage can be set during use. For a 12V lead-acid battery, the protection voltage can be set to 10.5V, and in practical applications, it can be set to 11.5V.

[0026] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the relay is a solid-state relay. Specifically, solid-state relays have the advantages of wide trigger voltage range, small trigger current, fast response, long service life and low power consumption during use.

[0027] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the operating state of this dual-power supply device for an automatic weather station with automatic selection function is as follows: When voltage A is higher than 10.5V, one 12V voltage is directly applied to the emitter of switch Q1, and the other is sampled by voltage divider R1 and R1 and sent to the reference terminal of IC11. At this time, the voltage at reference terminal 2 is higher than 2.45V, IC13 outputs a high level, switch Q1 is turned on, and the 12V voltage output from the collector is filtered by current limiting resistor R3 and capacitor C1 and sent to pin 21 of IC. At this time, the voltage at pin 25 of IC is higher than 1.235V, and the output terminal 2 is 0V. At the same time, the 12V voltage is biased by the voltage... Resistors R12 and R13 charge capacitor C8. During charging, the voltage at pin 25 of IC25 decreases linearly. After C8 is fully charged, the voltage at pin 25 of IC25 drops below 1.235V. The output pin 2, through the energy storage inductor H1, freewheeling diode D4, and filter capacitor C6, outputs a stable 5V voltage. Relay J1 is energized, its normally open contact closes, and indicator light D1 illuminates, completing the main power supply to the load. Simultaneously, the normally closed contact of relay J3 opens, cutting off power to circuit B. When the voltage of circuit A drops to 10.5V, the reference voltage at pin 11 of IC11 falls below 2.5V, pin 13 of IC13 goes low, switching transistor Q1 is cut off, and IC2 loses power and stops. When the circuit stops working, the output of IC22 pin is 0V, relay J1 opens, the load loses voltage and stops working, the normally closed contact of J3 closes, the B-power control circuit starts working, and relay J4 activates to start supplying power to B. To prevent the lack of hysteresis in the TL431 comparison threshold when the battery voltage drops to a critical value, causing the switching transistor Q1 to repeatedly turn on and off, forming a cyclic oscillation, positive feedback resistors R10 and C4 are added to the reference and output terminals of the TL431 to create a certain difference between the turn-on and turn-off voltages. The difference is 0.5V-1V to avoid critical oscillation. In this circuit, IC1 and Q1 form a battery undervoltage protection circuit, and the protection voltage should be... Adjustments are made based on battery type. Regional automatic weather stations commonly use lead-acid batteries for power supply, and the protection voltage of a 12V lead-acid battery is 10.5V. Therefore, the protection voltage of this circuit should be set to 10.5V by adjusting the resistance value of VR1. That is, power is supplied when the voltage is higher than 10.5V, and the power supply to the load is cut off when the voltage is lower than 10.5V. IC2 is a 5-terminal voltage regulator and step-down chip. The output pin 2 is controlled by changing the voltage value of pin 5 of IC2. The charging time of C8 is the delay time. Changing the capacity of C8 can control the delay duration. The delay duration in this circuit is about 3 seconds. If seamless switching is required, simply ground pin 5 of IC2.

[0028] In summary, this utility model includes: an A-type electrical control input, a B-type electrical control input, a control unit, and a relay. The control unit includes an undervoltage protection circuit and a voltage regulation delay circuit. Through the cooperation of the undervoltage protection circuit, the voltage regulation delay circuit, and the relay, the A-type electrical control input and the B-type electrical control input are interlocked to achieve automatic power switching. This utility model uses technologically mature components, has a simple circuit structure, is low-cost, easy to manufacture, and operates stably and reliably. It effectively solves the problem of data acquisition device failure caused by insufficient battery charging, saving regional station maintenance costs and ensuring the continuity of meteorological data.

[0029] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A dual-power supply device for an automatic weather station with automatic selection function, characterized in that, include: The system includes an A-type electrical control input, a B-type electrical control input, a control unit, and a relay. The control unit includes an undervoltage protection circuit and a voltage regulation delay circuit. The A-type electrical control input and the B-type electrical control input are interlocked through the cooperation of the undervoltage protection circuit, the voltage regulation delay circuit, and the relay to achieve automatic power switching.

2. The dual-power supply device for an automatic weather station with automatic selection function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The undervoltage protection circuit includes a reference power supply chip and a PNP switching transistor, and the reference power supply chip and the PNP switching transistor are connected by a wire.

3. The dual-power supply device for an automatic weather station with automatic selection function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage regulation and delay circuit includes a voltage regulator chip and a delay capacitor. The voltage regulator chip and the delay capacitor are connected by a wire, and the reference power supply chip and the voltage regulator chip are connected by a wire.

4. A dual-power supply device for an automatic weather station with automatic selection function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The undervoltage protection circuit also includes an adjustable pull-down voltage divider resistor.

5. A dual-power supply device for an automatic weather station with automatic selection function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The relay is a solid-state relay.

6. A dual-power supply device for an automatic weather station with automatic selection function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output terminal of the voltage regulation delay circuit is also equipped with a filter capacitor.

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