A rotary indexing spindle

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of rotary indexing main shaft, including shell, main shaft body, three-piece end tooth disc, front end bearing assembly and rear end bearing assembly, main shaft body is installed in shell, and center has through-hole, main shaft body front end can be connected with machine tool by flange type installation structure, front end bearing assembly and rear end bearing assembly are respectively set at the front end and rear end on main shaft body, three-piece end tooth disc sleeve includes outer ring gear body, inner ring gear body, lower tooth disc and inner ring tooth gasket, outer ring gear body is sleeved on main shaft body.The utility model adopts the three-piece end tooth disc structure consisting of outer ring gear body, inner ring gear body, lower tooth disc and inner ring tooth gasket, inner ring tooth gasket can compensate tooth surface processing and assembly error, to reduce meshing gap;Through oil cylinder subassembly drive lower tooth disc axial translation realizes accurate meshing, and using the travel detection assembly consisting of travel switch support and travel detection switch real-time monitoring positioning state, ensure angle positioning accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machining technology, specifically to a rotary indexing spindle. Background Technology

[0002] In multi-stage milling and turning, precision indexing, and other machining applications, the rotary indexing spindle is a core functional component. This spindle achieves continuous rotation and intermittent positioning around its axis via servo drive or mechanical transmission. Within its arc-shaped motion trajectory, relying on encoder feedback or indexing plate engagement mechanisms, each angle change aligns with a preset arc segment scale. Therefore, in machine tool indexing heads, automated rotary tables, and other equipment, it becomes a key execution component for multi-station machining and circumferential assembly processes. By unifying the continuity of the arc with the discreteness of the indexing, it ensures the reliability of angular positioning and the stability of machining accuracy. Traditional rotary indexing spindles often lack tooth surface error adjustment mechanisms on their end gears, making it impossible to compensate for tooth surface height differences caused by machining and assembly. This results in large meshing clearances and high angular positioning errors. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rotary indexing spindle that effectively solves the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution.

[0005] A rotary indexing spindle includes a housing, a spindle body, a three-piece end gear plate, a front bearing assembly, and a rear bearing assembly. The spindle body is installed inside the housing and has a through hole in the center. The front end of the spindle body can be connected to a machine tool through a flange mounting structure. The front bearing assembly and the rear bearing assembly are respectively located at the front and rear ends of the spindle body. The three-piece end gear plate includes an outer gear ring body, an inner gear ring body, a lower gear plate, and an inner gear washer. The outer gear ring body is fitted onto the spindle body, the inner gear ring body is fitted outside the outer gear ring body, the lower gear plate is fitted outside the spindle body and located on one side of the outer and inner gear ring bodies, and the inner gear washer is fitted outside the spindle body and located on the other side of the outer gear ring body. A hydraulic cylinder assembly is provided around the spindle body inside the spindle body for driving the lower gear plate to perform axial translation adjustment. A stroke detection assembly is provided at the rear end of the housing for detecting whether the stroke of the lower gear plate is in place.

[0006] Furthermore, the outer casing consists of a rear end cover, a sleeve, and a front bearing cap. The rear end cover is assembled on the rear side of the sleeve, and the front bearing cap is assembled on the front side of the rear end cover. Both ends of the spindle body extend to the outside through the rear end cover and the front bearing cap, respectively.

[0007] Furthermore, the hydraulic cylinder assembly includes a cylinder body, a base, a piston body, and a piston support. The cylinder body is fixed to the base and has a sealing structure on its inner wall. The piston body slides into the cylinder body and is driven to move axially by oil pressure through two oil inlet and outlet holes on the rear end cover. The piston support is fixed to the piston body and moves synchronously. The lower gear plate is connected to the piston support.

[0008] Furthermore, the travel detection component includes a travel switch bracket and a travel detection switch, with the travel switch bracket fixed on the rear end cover and the travel detection switch fixed on the travel switch bracket.

[0009] Furthermore, the travel detection switch uses a proximity switch to sense the boss on the lower gear to determine the axial position of the lower gear.

[0010] Furthermore, the front bearing assembly includes a spindle front bearing and an intermediate spacer. A front bearing rear spacer is fitted on the spindle body. Four spindle front bearings are fitted on the spindle body and located between the front bearing rear spacer and the front bearing cap. The spindle front bearings are spaced apart by the intermediate spacer. The threaded part on the spindle body is also equipped with a second locking nut, which is used to push against the front bearing rear spacer and axially lock it with the front bearing cap to form a high-speed and high-precision support structure.

[0011] Furthermore, the rear bearing assembly includes a rear support bearing, a rear bearing rear spacer, and a rear bearing front spacer, all three of which are fitted onto the outside of the main shaft body. The rear support bearing is located between the rear bearing rear spacer and the rear bearing front spacer. A sealing cover is provided on the rear end cover, and a first locking nut is provided on another threaded part on the main shaft body to push against the rear bearing rear spacer, thereby fixing the rear support bearing axially with the rear bearing front spacer.

[0012] Furthermore, the front bearing of the spindle is an angular contact bearing.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows.

[0014] The device adopts a three-piece end gear disk structure consisting of an outer gear ring body, an inner gear ring body, a lower gear disk, and an inner gear washer. The inner gear washer can compensate for the machining and assembly errors of the tooth surface to reduce the meshing clearance. The lower gear disk is driven to move axially by a hydraulic cylinder assembly to achieve precise meshing. The positioning status is monitored in real time by a stroke detection component consisting of a limit switch bracket and a stroke detection switch to ensure angular positioning accuracy.

[0015] The front bearing assembly consists of the spindle front bearing, intermediate spacer, front bearing rear spacer, and second locking nut, which, together with the angular contact bearing, form a high-speed, high-precision support structure. The rear bearing assembly consists of the rear support bearing, rear bearing rear spacer, rear bearing front spacer, and first locking nut, which achieves axial fixation, effectively bears radial and axial loads, prevents spindle movement, and meets the requirements of high-speed machining.

[0016] The housing consists of a rear end cover, a sleeve, and a front bearing cover. The built-in hydraulic cylinder assembly drives the end gear plate to perform engagement and disengagement actions, eliminating the need for an additional external drive mechanism, reducing the overall size of the spindle, and resulting in a compact overall structure.

[0017] The rear end is equipped with a travel detection component consisting of a limit switch bracket and a travel detection switch. By sensing the lower gear plate boss through a proximity switch, the end teeth can be accurately determined to be engaged or disengaged, which is convenient for automated control.

[0018] The spindle body has a through hole in the center, which facilitates the installation of components such as tie rods and hydraulic cylinders, enabling automatic clamping and loosening of the fixture, as well as cooling of the spindle body center; the front end adopts a flange mounting structure, which can flexibly realize horizontal or vertical installation and is compatible with a variety of machine tools. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 for Figure 1 One of the planar schematic diagrams of the structure shown;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 1 The second planar schematic diagram of the structure shown;

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the structure shown.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Outer shell; 11. Rear end cover; 111. Sealing cover; 112. First locking nut; 12. Sleeve; 13. Front bearing cover; 2. Main spindle body; 3. Front bearing of the main spindle; 31. Intermediate spacer sleeve; 32. Rear spacer of the front bearing; 33. Second locking nut; 4. Rear support bearing; 41. Rear spacer of the rear bearing; 42. Front spacer of the rear bearing; 5. Stroke detection assembly; 51. Limit switch bracket; 52. Stroke detection switch; 6. Cylinder body; 61. Base; 62. Piston body; 63. Piston support; 64. Oil inlet / outlet holes; 7. External gear ring body; 71. Internal gear ring body; 72. Lower gear plate; 73. Inner ring gear washer. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0025] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection" and "installation" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "connection" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. "Fixed" means that the relative positional relationship remains unchanged after the connection. The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of this utility model, such as "inner," "outer," "top," and "bottom," are only for reference to the directions in the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for better and clearer explanation and understanding of the embodiments of this utility model, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this utility model.

[0026] In this embodiment of the invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0027] Please see Figures 1-4 The present invention provides a rotary indexing spindle, comprising a housing 1, a spindle body 2, a three-piece end gear plate, a front bearing assembly, and a rear bearing assembly. The housing 1 is composed of a rear end cover 11, a sleeve 12, and a front bearing cover 13. The rear end cover 11 is mounted on the rear side of the sleeve 12, and the front bearing cover 13 is mounted on the front side of the rear end cover 11. The spindle body 2 is installed inside the housing 1, and its two ends extend to the outside through the rear end cover 11 and the front bearing cover 13, respectively. The housing 1 forms a support frame for the spindle body 2 for installation.

[0028] The spindle body 2 has a through hole in the center, which facilitates the installation of components such as tie rods and hydraulic cylinders, realizes the automatic clamping and loosening of the fixture, and realizes the cooling function of the center of the spindle body 2. The front end of the spindle body 2 can be connected to the machine tool through a flange mounting structure (such as flange bolt fastening). In addition, the front bearing assembly and the rear bearing assembly are respectively set at the front end and the rear end of the spindle body 2.

[0029] The three-piece end gear sleeve includes an outer gear ring body 7, an inner gear ring body 71, a lower gear disc 72, and an inner gear washer 73. The outer gear ring body 7 is fitted onto the spindle body 2. The inner gear ring body 71 is fitted onto the outside of the outer gear ring body 7. The lower gear disc 72 is fitted onto the outside of the spindle body 2 and is located on one side of the outer gear ring body 7 and the inner gear ring body 71. The inner gear washer 73 is fitted onto the outside of the spindle body 2 and is located on the other side of the outer gear ring body 7.

[0030] Specifically, the external gear ring body 7 is interference-fitted onto the outer periphery of the middle part of the spindle body 2, and the internal gear ring body 71 is interference-fitted onto the outside of the external gear ring body 7, with their tooth surfaces meshing. The lower gear disc 72 is interference-fitted onto the outer periphery of the spindle body 2, located on one side (rear side) of the external gear ring body 7 and the internal gear ring body 71. The internal gear shim 73 is interference-fitted onto the outer periphery of the spindle body 2, located on the other side (front side) of the external gear ring body 7. The internal gear shim 73 is used to adjust the meshing clearance between the tooth surfaces of the external gear ring body 7 and the internal gear ring body 71.

[0031] A hydraulic cylinder assembly is provided inside the spindle body 2 to drive the lower gear plate 72 to perform axial translation adjustment. A stroke detection assembly 5 is provided at the rear end of the outer casing 1 to detect whether the stroke of the lower gear plate 72 is in place.

[0032] Specifically, the hydraulic cylinder assembly includes a cylinder body 6, a base 61, a piston body 62, and a piston support 63. The cylinder body 6 is fixed to the base 61 by bolts, and the inner wall of the cylinder body 6 is provided with sealing structures such as O-rings to prevent hydraulic oil leakage. The piston body 62 is slidably fitted to the cylinder body 6 with clearance, and is driven to move axially by oil pressure through two oil inlet and outlet holes 64 provided on the rear end cover 11. The piston support 63 is fixed to the piston body 62 and moves synchronously. The lower gear plate 72 is connected to the piston support 63.

[0033] Oil pressure is introduced through two oil inlet and outlet holes 64 on the rear end cover 11 at both ends of the piston body 62, driving the piston body 62 to move axially within the cylinder body 6. The piston support 63 is fixedly connected to the piston body 62 by bolts, and the two move synchronously. The lower gear 72 is connected to the piston support 63 by bolts, thereby realizing the axial translation adjustment of the piston body 62 driving the lower gear 72.

[0034] Specifically, the stroke detection component 5 includes a stroke switch bracket 51 and a stroke detection switch 52. The stroke switch bracket 51 is fixed on the rear end cover 11, and the stroke detection switch 52 is fixed on the stroke switch bracket 51. The stroke detection switch 52 is a proximity switch, and its sensing surface faces the boss on the rear side of the lower gear 72. When the lower gear 72 moves axially, the stroke detection switch 52 determines whether the stroke of the lower gear 72 is in place (such as end teeth engagement or disengagement) by sensing the position of the boss.

[0035] Specifically, the front bearing assembly includes a spindle front bearing 3 and an intermediate spacer 31. The front outer periphery of the spindle body 2 is machined with a stepped shaft. The front bearing rear spacer 32 is interference-fitted onto the stepped shaft of the spindle body 2. The four spindle front bearings 3 are sequentially mounted on the spindle body 2 and located between the front bearing rear spacer 32 and the front bearing cap 13. The spindle front bearings 3 are spaced apart by the intermediate spacer 31 to evenly distribute the load. The front outer periphery of the spindle body 2 is provided with a threaded part, on which a second locking nut 33 is screwed. By pushing against the rear end face of the front bearing rear spacer 32 and engaging with the front end face of the front bearing cap 13, the spindle front bearing 3 is axially locked, forming a high-speed and high-precision support structure.

[0036] Among them, the front bearing 3 of the main spindle is an angular contact bearing, which can withstand radial and axial loads at the same time.

[0037] Specifically, the rear bearing assembly includes a rear support bearing 4, a rear bearing rear spacer 41, and a rear bearing front spacer 42. All three are fitted onto the outside of the main spindle body 2. The rear support bearing 4 is located between the rear bearing rear spacer 41 and the rear bearing front spacer 42. A sealing cover 111 is provided on the inner side of the rear end cover 11. Another threaded part is provided on the outer periphery of the rear end of the main spindle body 2. The first locking nut 112 is screwed onto this threaded part. By pushing against the rear end face of the rear bearing rear spacer 41, it cooperates with the front end face of the rear bearing front spacer 42 to achieve axial fixation of the rear support bearing 4, ensuring the stability of the main spindle body 2 when rotating.

[0038] The specific working principle of this novel embodiment is as follows:

[0039] End gear separation and spindle rotation: Oil pressure is supplied to the cylinder assembly through the oil inlet and outlet ports 64, driving the piston body 62 to move backward, which in turn drives the lower gear plate 72 to move backward, causing the lower gear plate 72 to disengage from the outer gear ring body 7 and the inner gear ring body 71. The stroke detection switch 52 senses the boss to confirm that the separation is in place, and the spindle body 2 can rotate freely. When the gear ring disengages, the spindle body can be connected to an external motor to achieve high-speed rotation.

[0040] End gear meshing and positioning: The change in oil pressure direction pushes the piston body 62 forward, causing the lower gear plate 72 to mesh with the outer gear ring body 7 and the inner gear ring body 71. The inner ring gear washer 73 compensates for the tooth surface error, and the stroke detection switch 52 senses the boss to confirm that the meshing is in place, thus achieving high-precision positioning. When the gear ring is meshing, the main shaft body can achieve precise positioning with equal angles.

[0041] Bearing support function: The front bearing 3 of the front spindle and the rear support bearing 4 of the rear end cooperate to bear the radial and axial loads when the spindle body 2 rotates. The second locking nut 33 and the first locking nut 112 ensure that the bearing does not move axially, which meets the requirements of high-speed machining.

[0042] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A rotary indexing spindle, comprising a housing (1), characterized in that: It also includes the spindle body (2), a three-piece end gear plate, a front bearing assembly and a rear bearing assembly; The spindle body (2) is installed inside the housing (1) and has a through hole in the center. The front end of the spindle body (2) can be connected to the machine tool through a flange mounting structure. The front bearing assembly and the rear bearing assembly are respectively located at the front end and the rear end of the main shaft body (2); The three-piece end gear sleeve includes an outer gear ring body (7), an inner gear ring body (71), a lower gear disc (72), and an inner gear washer (73). The external gear ring body (7) is fitted onto the main shaft body (2), the internal gear ring body (71) is fitted onto the outside of the external gear ring body (7), the lower gear disc (72) is fitted onto the outside of the main shaft body (2) and located on one side of the external gear ring body (7) and the internal gear ring body (71), and the internal gear washer (73) is fitted onto the outside of the main shaft body (2) and located on the other side of the external gear ring body (7); The main spindle body (2) is provided with a hydraulic cylinder assembly around the main spindle body (2) for driving the lower gear plate (72) to perform axial translation adjustment; The rear end of the housing (1) is provided with a stroke detection component (5) for detecting whether the stroke of the lower gear plate (72) is in place.

2. The rotary indexing spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer casing (1) consists of a rear end cover (11), a sleeve (12), and a front bearing cover (13); The rear end cover (11) is assembled on the rear side of the sleeve (12), and the front bearing cap (13) is assembled on the front side of the rear end cover (11); The two ends of the main shaft body (2) extend to the outside through the rear end cover (11) and the front bearing cover (13), respectively.

3. A rotary indexing spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The hydraulic cylinder assembly includes a cylinder body (6), a base (61), a piston body (62), and a piston support (63). The cylinder (6) is fixed to the base (61), and the inner wall is provided with a sealing structure; The piston body (62) is slidably fitted to the cylinder body (6), and oil pressure is introduced through two oil inlet and outlet holes (64) provided on the rear end cover (11) to drive axial movement; The piston support (63) is fixed to the piston body (62) and moves synchronously; The lower gear plate (72) is connected to the piston support (63).

4. A rotary indexing spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The travel detection component (5) includes a travel switch bracket (51) and a travel detection switch (52); The limit switch bracket (51) is fixed on the rear end cover (11), and the limit detection switch (52) is fixed on the limit switch bracket (51).

5. A rotary indexing spindle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The travel detection switch (52) is a proximity switch used to sense the boss on the lower gear plate (72) to determine the axial position of the lower gear plate (72).

6. A rotary indexing spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front bearing assembly includes a spindle front bearing (3) and an intermediate spacer (31). The spindle body (2) is fitted with a front bearing rear spacer (32), and four spindle front bearings (3) are fitted on the spindle body (2) and located between the front bearing rear spacer (32) and the front bearing cap (13), and the spindle front bearings (3) are separated by the intermediate spacer sleeve (31). The threaded portion of the main shaft body (2) is also equipped with a second locking nut (33), which is used to push against the rear spacer (32) of the front bearing and lock it axially with the front bearing cover (13) to form a high-speed and high-precision support structure.

7. A rotary indexing spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rear bearing assembly includes a rear support bearing (4), a rear bearing rear spacer (41), and a rear bearing front spacer (42), all of which are fitted outside the main shaft body (2), and the rear support bearing (4) is located between the rear bearing rear spacer (41) and the rear bearing front spacer (42). The rear end cover (11) is provided with a sealing cover (111), and the other threaded part of the main shaft body (2) is provided with a first locking nut (112) for pushing the rear bearing rear spacer (41) and fixing the rear support bearing (4) in the axial direction with the rear bearing front spacer (42).

8. A rotary indexing spindle according to claim 6, characterized in that: The front bearing (3) of the main shaft is an angular contact bearing.

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