A coal tar hydrogenation reactor

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of coal tar processing technology, specifically to a coal tar hydrogenation reactor, including a reaction tank. A catalyst box is located at the lower end of the reaction tank, and a mixing mechanism is installed inside the reaction tank. The mixing mechanism includes a first rotating rod and a stirring rod. The top end of the first rotating rod is fixedly connected to the output end of a motor. A spiral blade and a baffle plate are fixedly connected to the outer side of the first rotating rod. The motor drives the first rotating rod to rotate the spiral blade and baffle plate above the inside of the reaction tank to initially mix the coal tar and hydrogen. It also drives the stirring rod to rotate inside the catalyst box to stir the catalyst, achieving dynamic gas-liquid mixing, accelerating the dissolution of hydrogen in the coal tar, reducing gas phase residence time, enhancing reactor mixing efficiency, and simultaneously continuously agitating the catalyst to prevent catalyst caking, improve the utilization rate of active sites, and extend catalyst life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of coal tar processing technology, and more specifically, to a coal tar hydrogenation reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Coal tar is an important liquid byproduct generated during coal processing (such as coking and coal gasification). It contains a large amount of aromatics, olefins, polycyclic compounds, and impurities such as sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen, and its direct utilization value is limited and it is highly polluting. Coal tar hydrogenation technology removes impurities and saturated and unsaturated bonds through catalytic hydrogenation reactions, converting it into clean fuels (such as gasoline and diesel) or chemical feedstocks (such as aromatics). This is the core pathway for the efficient utilization of coal tar. As the core equipment of this technology, the structural design of the hydrogenation reactor directly affects the reaction efficiency, energy consumption, safety, and catalyst life.

[0003] There are many existing technologies for coal tar hydrogenation reactors, such as:

[0004] Chinese Patent (Application No.: CN202210017547.7) discloses a coal tar hydrogenation reactor, comprising a reactor body, which includes an inner shell and an outer shell, with a cavity between the inner shell and the outer shell. A hydrogenation pipe is connected to one side of the reactor body, and a discharge pipe is connected to the other side. A hollow motor is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the outer shell. The inner shell includes a filter unit located inside the inner shell. The upper end of the filter unit penetrates through the inner shell and the outer shell and extends to the outside of the reactor to cooperate with the hollow motor for filtration during coal tar hydrogenation. This invention solves the problems of existing coal tar hydrogenation technologies, which mostly involve directly hydrogenating coal tar while neglecting the pretreatment process. This results in the coal tar containing many impurities, insufficient hydrogenation treatment, failure to meet temperature requirements, reduced efficiency of coal tar hydrogenation treatment, cumbersome operation, and inconvenience.

[0005] In existing reactors, the mixing of coal tar and hydrogen relies on simple spraying or static mixers, which easily leads to uneven local concentrations, resulting in low reaction efficiency. Furthermore, under long-term use, asphaltenes and heavy metals (such as Fe and Ni) in coal tar are easily deposited on the catalyst surface, causing active sites to be covered (coking and deactivation) or pores to be blocked. Traditional fixed-bed structures make it difficult to achieve online activation or replacement of the catalyst. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention addresses the technical problems existing in the prior art by providing a coal tar hydrogenation reactor, which solves the problems of low reaction efficiency between coal tar and hydrogen, easy deactivation of catalyst due to coking and impurity deposition in traditional technologies, and difficulty in achieving online activation or replacement of catalyst in traditional fixed-bed structures.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a coal tar hydrogenation reactor, including a reaction tank. A catalyst box is provided at the lower end of the reaction tank, and a mixing mechanism is provided inside the reaction tank. The mixing mechanism includes a first rotating rod and a stirring rod. The top end of the first rotating rod is fixedly connected to the output end of a motor. A spiral blade and a baffle plate are fixedly connected to the outside of the first rotating rod. The motor drives the first rotating rod to rotate the spiral blade and the baffle plate inside the reaction tank to perform preliminary mixing of coal tar and hydrogen, and drives the stirring rod to rotate inside the catalyst box to stir the catalyst in the catalyst box.

[0008] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0009] 1. When mixing coal tar and hydrogen, the first rotating rod driven by the motor drives the spiral blades and baffles to rotate inside the reaction tank, thereby achieving dynamic mixing of gas and liquid, accelerating the dissolution of hydrogen in coal tar, reducing the gas phase residence time, and improving mixing efficiency.

[0010] 2. During the mixing process of coal tar and hydrogen, the first rotating rod drives the stirring rod to rotate inside the catalyst box, continuously agitating the catalyst bed, reducing asphalt deposits, preventing catalyst caking, improving the utilization rate of active sites, extending catalyst life, and effectively avoiding pore blockage.

[0011] Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can be further improved as follows.

[0012] Preferably, a hydrogenation pipe and a fueling pipe are fixedly connected to the top of the reaction tank, and a solenoid valve is provided on the outside of both the hydrogenation pipe and the fueling pipe. A discharge port is provided at the bottom of the reaction tank.

[0013] The advantage of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that it avoids the problems of gas-liquid backmixing or uneven flow rate caused by traditional single-pipe feeding, and the solenoid valve accurately controls the flow rate of coal tar and hydrogen.

[0014] Preferably, the catalyst box is engaged with one side of the inside of the reaction vessel via a protrusion, and the bottom plate of the catalyst box is provided with a first through hole.

[0015] The advantage of adopting the above-mentioned further solution is that it simplifies the connection between the catalyst box and the reaction vessel, and facilitates the quick disassembly and replacement of the internal catalyst of the catalyst box.

[0016] Preferably, each of the baffles has a second through hole inside.

[0017] The beneficial effects of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme are that it further breaks up bubbles, increases the contact area, and enhances the mixing efficiency of the reactor.

[0018] Preferably, one end of the stirring rod is fixedly connected to a second rotating rod, the second rotating rod is rotatably connected to the inside of the catalyst box, a snap-fit ​​block is fixedly connected to the top of the second rotating rod, a snap-fit ​​groove is snapped onto the outside of the snap-fit ​​block, the top of the snap-fit ​​groove is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod, and the electric push rod is fixedly installed at the bottom of the first rotating rod.

[0019] The advantages of adopting the above-mentioned further solution are that only one drive mechanism is needed to achieve the stirring work in two places, reducing energy consumption. At the same time, the connection method is simple and will not affect the installation and disassembly of the catalyst box, effectively improving the convenience of catalyst replacement inside the catalyst box.

[0020] Preferably, a temperature sensor is fixedly connected to one side of the inside of the catalyst box, and a heat-conducting sleeve is provided on the outside of multiple support rods below the stirring rod. A heating wire is provided between the heat-conducting sleeve and the support rods below the stirring rod.

[0021] The advantages of adopting the above-mentioned further scheme are that it maintains the optimal reaction temperature, effectively controls temperature fluctuations in the catalytic zone, and suppresses coking side reactions.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0023] The mixing mechanism uses a motor to drive the first rotating rod, which in turn drives the spiral blades and baffles to rotate above the inside of the reaction tank, achieving dynamic mixing of gas and liquid. This accelerates the dissolution of hydrogen in coal tar, reduces gas phase residence time, and the second through-hole inside the baffle further breaks up bubbles, increases the contact area, and enhances the mixing efficiency of the reactor. At the same time, the stirring rod is connected to the bottom of the first rotating rod through the second rotating rod, the locking block, the locking groove, and the electric push rod, thereby driving the stirring rod to rotate inside the catalyst box, continuously agitating the catalyst bed, reducing asphaltene deposition, preventing catalyst caking, improving the utilization rate of active sites, extending catalyst life, and effectively avoiding pore blockage. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of one side of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the reaction vessel of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a front cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the stirring rod structure of this utility model.

[0028] The meanings of the labels in the diagram are as follows:

[0029] 11. Reaction vessel; 12. Hydrogenation pipe; 13. Oil filling pipe; 14. Solenoid valve; 15. Discharge port;

[0030] Catalytic converter box; 21. Protrusion; 22. First through hole; 23. Temperature sensor;

[0031] Mixing mechanism; 31. First rotating rod; 32. Motor; 33. Spiral blade; 34. Baffle plate; 35. Second through hole; 36. Stirring rod; 37. Second rotating rod; 38. Snap-fit ​​block; 39. Snap-fit ​​groove; 310. Electric push rod; 311. Heat-conducting sleeve; 312. Heating wire. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0033] Please see Figures 1-4 As shown, this embodiment provides a coal tar hydrogenation reactor, including a reaction tank 1. Considering the low reaction efficiency of coal tar and hydrogen in traditional technologies, the easy deactivation of catalysts due to coking and impurity deposition, and the difficulty in achieving online activation or replacement of catalysts in traditional fixed-bed structures, a catalyst box 2 is provided at the lower end of the reaction tank 1. A mixing mechanism 3 is provided inside the reaction tank 1, wherein: the mixing mechanism 3 includes a first rotating rod 31 and a stirring rod 36. The top end of the first rotating rod 31 is fixedly connected to the output end of a motor 32. A spiral blade 33 and a baffle plate 34 are fixedly connected to the outside of the first rotating rod 31. The motor 32 drives the first rotating rod 31 to rotate the spiral blade 33 and the baffle plate 34 inside the reaction tank 1 to perform preliminary mixing of coal tar and hydrogen, and drives the stirring rod 36 to rotate inside the catalyst box 2 to stir the catalyst in the catalyst box 2.

[0034] In summary, the improvement of this embodiment lies in:

[0035] The motor 32 in the mixing mechanism 3 drives the first rotating rod 31 to rotate the spiral blades 33 and the baffle 34 inside the reaction tank 1, thereby achieving dynamic mixing of gas and liquid, accelerating the dissolution of hydrogen in coal tar, and reducing the gas phase residence time. At the same time, the stirring rod 36 is connected to the bottom of the first rotating rod 31 through other structures. The rotation of the first rotating rod 31 drives the stirring rod 36 to rotate inside the catalyst box 2, continuously agitating the catalyst bed, reducing asphalt deposition, preventing catalyst caking, improving the utilization rate of active sites, extending the catalyst life, and effectively avoiding pore blockage.

[0036] Based on the above, other structures also need to be disclosed in detail, such as:

[0037] To improve the mixing efficiency of coal tar and hydrogen, a hydrogenation pipe 11 and a fueling pipe 12 are fixedly connected to the top of the reaction tank 1, respectively. Solenoid valves 13 are installed on the outside of both the hydrogenation pipe 11 and the fueling pipe 12, and a discharge port 14 is provided at the bottom of the reaction tank 1. Coal tar and hydrogen enter the reaction tank 1 simultaneously from the fueling pipe 12 and the hydrogenation pipe 11, respectively, avoiding the gas-liquid backmixing or uneven flow rate problems caused by traditional single-pipe feeding. The solenoid valves 13 precisely control the flow rate of coal tar and hydrogen. While the coal tar and hydrogen are being fed, the spiral blades 33 and baffles 34 dynamically mix them, reducing turbulence caused by feed impact. The mixed material is discharged from the discharge port 14.

[0038] Each baffle 34 has a second through hole 35 inside. The second through hole 35 further breaks up the bubbles, increases the contact area, and enhances the mixing efficiency of the reactor.

[0039] Considering that traditional fixed-bed structures make it difficult to achieve online activation or replacement of the catalyst, the catalyst box 2 is connected to the inside of the reaction vessel 1 by a protrusion 21. The bottom plate of the catalyst box 2 is provided with a first through hole 22. This simplifies the connection between the catalyst box 2 and the reaction vessel 1, facilitating quick disassembly and replacement of the internal catalyst.

[0040] To ensure that the stirring rod 36 can stir the catalyst inside the catalyst box 2 without affecting the disassembly of the catalyst box 2, a second rotating rod 37 is fixedly connected to one end of the stirring rod 36. The second rotating rod 37 is rotatably connected to the inside of the catalyst box 2. A snap-fit ​​block 38 is fixedly connected to the top of the second rotating rod 37. A snap-fit ​​groove 39 is snapped onto the outside of the snap-fit ​​block 38. The top of the snap-fit ​​groove 39 is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod 310. The electric push rod 310 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the first rotating rod 31. The electric push rod 310 pushes the locking groove 39 downward to engage with the locking block 38, achieving a quick connection between the stirring rod 36 and the first rotating rod 31. This allows the first rotating rod 31 to rotate while simultaneously driving the stirring rod 36 to rotate inside the catalyst box 2, continuously agitating the catalyst bed, reducing asphaltene deposition, improving the utilization rate of active sites, and extending the catalyst's lifespan. Only one drive mechanism is needed to perform stirring in both locations, reducing energy consumption. When disassembling the catalyst box 2, simply activate the electric push rod 310 to move the locking groove 39 upward, separating it from the locking block 38. Then, pull the handle on one side of the catalyst box 2 outward to quickly disassemble it, effectively improving the convenience of catalyst replacement inside the catalyst box 2.

[0041] Considering that the hydrogenation reaction is a strongly exothermic process, local overheating can easily lead to coking and side reactions. Traditional reactors lack precise temperature control methods. Therefore, a temperature sensor 23 is fixedly connected to one side inside the catalyst box 2. Multiple support rods below the stirring rod 36 are equipped with heat-conducting sleeves 311 on their outer sides. A heating wire 312 is installed between the heat-conducting sleeves 311 and the support rods below the stirring rod 36. The temperature sensor 23 monitors the temperature of the catalytic zone in real time. The stirring rod 36 has built-in heat-conducting sleeves 311 and heating wires 312, which can replenish or remove heat as needed to maintain the optimal reaction temperature, effectively control temperature fluctuations in the catalytic zone, and suppress coking side reactions.

[0042] In summary, the working principle of this solution is as follows:

[0043] First, coal tar and hydrogen are simultaneously added to the reactor 1 through hydrogenation pipe 11 and fueling pipe 12, respectively, avoiding the gas-liquid backmixing or uneven flow rate problems caused by traditional single-pipe feeding. Solenoid valve 13 precisely controls the flow rate of coal tar and hydrogen. Then, motor 32 drives the first rotating rod 31 to rotate, which in turn drives the spiral blades 33 and baffle 34 to rotate above the reactor 1, achieving dynamic gas-liquid mixing, accelerating the dissolution of hydrogen in the coal tar, and reducing gas phase residence time. The second through-hole 35 in the baffle 34 further breaks up bubbles, increases the contact area, and enhances the reactor's mixing efficiency. An electric push rod 310 is installed at the bottom of the first rotating rod 31, and the output end of the electric push rod 310 is connected to a snap-fit ​​groove 39. The electric push rod 310 pushes the snap-fit ​​groove 39 downwards to engage with the snap-fit ​​block 38, completing the connection between the stirring rod 36 and the first rotating rod 31. At this time, the first rotating rod 31 rotates, driving the stirring rod 36 to rotate inside the catalyst box 2, continuously disturbing the catalyst bed, reducing asphalt deposition, improving the utilization rate of active sites, and increasing the service life of the catalyst. During the process, the temperature sensor 23 monitors the temperature of the catalytic zone in real time. The stirring rod 36 has a built-in heat-conducting sleeve 311 and a heating wire 312, which can add or remove heat as needed to maintain the optimal reaction temperature, effectively control the temperature fluctuation of the catalytic zone, and suppress coking side reactions. After the mixture is completed, the material passes through the first through hole 22 in the catalyst box 2 and is discharged from the outlet 14. When the catalyst box 2 needs to be disassembled, simply start the electric push rod 310 to drive the snap-fit ​​groove 39 to move upward, so that the snap-fit ​​groove 39 is connected and separated from the snap-fit ​​block 38. Then, pull the handle on one side of the catalyst box 2 outward to quickly disassemble the catalyst box 2, effectively improving the convenience of catalyst replacement inside the catalyst box 2.

[0044] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A coal tar hydroprocessing reactor comprising a reactor vessel (1) characterised in that: A catalyst box (2) is provided at the lower end of the interior of the reaction tank (1). A mixing mechanism (3) is provided inside the reaction tank (1). The mixing mechanism (3) includes a first rotating rod (31) and a stirring rod (36). The top end of the first rotating rod (31) is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (32). Spiral blades (33) and baffles (34) are fixedly connected to the outside of the first rotating rod (31). The first rotating rod (31) is driven by the motor (32) to drive the spiral blades (33) and baffles (34) to rotate inside the reaction tank (1) to initially mix coal tar and hydrogen, and to drive the stirring rod (36) to rotate inside the catalyst box (2) to stir the catalyst in the catalyst box (2).

2. A coal tar hydroprocessing reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the reaction vessel (1) is fixedly connected to a hydrogenation pipe (11) and a fueling pipe (12). Solenoid valves (13) are provided on the outside of both the hydrogenation pipe (11) and the fueling pipe (12). A discharge port (14) is provided at the bottom of the reaction vessel (1).

3. A coal tar hydroprocessing reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst box (2) is engaged with one side of the reaction vessel (1) by a protrusion (21), and the bottom plate of the catalyst box (2) is provided with a first through hole (22).

4. The coal tar hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the baffles (34) has a second through hole (35) inside.

5. A coal tar hydrogenation reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the stirring rod (36) is fixedly connected to a second rotating rod (37). The second rotating rod (37) is rotatably connected to the inside of the catalyst box (2). A snap-fit ​​block (38) is fixedly connected to the top of the second rotating rod (37). A snap-fit ​​groove (39) is snapped onto the outside of the snap-fit ​​block (38). The top of the snap-fit ​​groove (39) is fixedly connected to the output end of the electric push rod (310). The electric push rod (310) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the first rotating rod (31).

6. A coal tar hydroprocessing reactor according to claim 1, characterized by: A temperature sensor (23) is fixedly connected to one side inside the catalyst box (2). A heat-conducting sleeve (311) is provided on the outside of multiple support rods below the stirring rod (36). A heating wire (312) is provided between the heat-conducting sleeve (311) and the support rods below the stirring rod (36).

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