A battery testing device and system
By clamping the battery with a fixture and triggering thermal runaway using a heating element, combined with a pressure detection component to detect the mechanical impact force of the battery, the problem of not being able to quantify the mechanical impact force of battery thermal runaway in existing technologies is solved, and a comprehensive assessment of battery mechanical safety is achieved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHENZHEN BAK POWER BATTERY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies cannot quantify the mechanical impact force during battery thermal runaway, especially for advanced materials such as high-nickel cathodes and silicon-based anodes. Relying solely on gas production data makes it difficult to comprehensively assess mechanical safety.
A battery testing device is provided, which clamps the battery with a fixture, triggers thermal runaway using a heating element, and detects the instantaneous mechanical impact force generated when the battery thermally runs away using a pressure detection component. The pressure detection component is protected by a temperature detection component and a heat insulation component.
It enables quantitative detection of mechanical impact forces during battery thermal runaway, comprehensively assesses battery mechanical safety, and is applicable to batteries using advanced materials such as high-nickel cathodes and silicon-based anodes.
Smart Images
Figure CN224536142U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of battery testing, and more particularly to a battery testing device and system. Background Technology
[0002] As lithium-ion batteries advance towards higher energy density and ultra-fast charging technologies, the safety risks of thermal runaway have significantly increased. Current industry detection of thermal runaway primarily focuses on analyzing gas production characteristics (such as gas composition, volume, and release rate). While these methods can reflect some safety performance, they have significant limitations: they cannot quantify the instantaneous mechanical impact forces generated during thermal runaway. In real-world applications, these impact forces can lead to secondary hazards such as battery pack structural deformation and cascading failures of adjacent cells, and existing technologies lack standardized testing methods for these mechanical parameters. Especially for advanced material systems such as high-nickel cathodes and silicon-based anodes, the severity of their thermal runaway reactions differs significantly from traditional systems, making it difficult to comprehensively assess mechanical safety based solely on gas production data. Utility Model Content
[0003] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a battery testing device and system.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:
[0005] This application provides:
[0006] A battery testing device, comprising:
[0007] Base plate;
[0008] A clamp is disposed on the base plate and has a clamping groove in which a portion of a battery is disposed;
[0009] A pressure detection component is disposed on the base plate and located on one side of the battery end;
[0010] A heating element is disposed on the battery.
[0011] Furthermore, the clamp includes a first clamping block and a second clamping block, the first clamping block and the second clamping block are detachably connected, the first clamping block is disposed on the base plate, the first clamping block has a first groove on the side facing the second clamping block, the second clamping block has a second groove on the side facing the first clamping block, and the first groove and the second groove are combined to form the clamping groove.
[0012] Furthermore, the clamp also includes a disassembly assembly, which includes a plurality of connecting holes on the side of the first clamping block facing the second clamping block, and a plurality of through holes through the second clamping block. The connecting holes and the through holes communicate to form a mounting hole, and a fastener is provided in the mounting hole.
[0013] Furthermore, a gasket is provided between the first clamping block and the second clamping block.
[0014] Furthermore, the pressure detection assembly includes a mounting plate and a pressure detection element. The mounting plate is fixedly disposed on the base plate, and the pressure detection element is disposed on the side of the mounting plate facing the battery.
[0015] Furthermore, the circumference of the battery is C, and the length of the heating element is L, satisfying: L≥3 / 4C.
[0016] Furthermore, a temperature detection element is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the battery.
[0017] Furthermore, a heat insulation component is provided between the pressure detection component and the battery.
[0018] Furthermore, the heat insulation component includes a rigid plate and a heat insulation body, the heat insulation body being located between the rigid plate and the pressure detection assembly.
[0019] This application also provides a battery testing system, which includes:
[0020] The battery testing apparatus described in any one of the above statements;
[0021] A housing having a receiving cavity, wherein the battery testing device is disposed in the receiving cavity.
[0022] This application partially limits the battery by using the clamping groove of the fixture. The heating element is set on the periphery of the battery to heat the battery and trigger its thermal runaway. The pressure detection component is located on one side of the battery end and can detect the instantaneous mechanical impact force generated during the battery's thermal runaway. This solves the problem in the prior art that it can only analyze the gas generation characteristics of the battery's thermal runaway but cannot quantify the instantaneous mechanical impact force. It realizes the detection of this mechanical parameter and helps to comprehensively evaluate the mechanical safety of the battery.
[0023] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description
[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the test device of this application is shown;
[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the test device in the explosion state of this application is shown;
[0027] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the battery, heating element, and temperature detection element of this application in their combined state is shown.
[0028] Explanation of key component symbols:
[0029] 100-Base plate; 110-Battery; 200-Clamping fixture; 201-Clamping slot; 2011-First slot; 2012-Second slot; 210-First clamping block; 220-Second clamping block; 230-Easy-to-remove component; 231-Connecting hole; 232-Through hole; 233-Fastener; 240-Gasket; 300-Pressure detection component; 310-Mounting plate; 320-Pressure detection element; 400-Heating element; 500-Temperature detection element; 600-Heat insulation element; 610-Rigid plate; 620-Heat insulation body; X-First direction; Y-Second direction; Z-Third direction. Detailed Implementation
[0030] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.
[0031] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.
[0032] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0033] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.
[0034] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.
[0035] To test the risk of thermal runaway of a battery, existing methods typically involve analyzing the gas production characteristics, such as detecting the composition, volume, and release rate of gases generated during the runaway process. While these methods can reflect some safety performance, they cannot quantify the mechanical impact force during battery thermal runaway. Therefore, this application uses a pressure detection component 300 to detect the impact force generated during battery thermal runaway.
[0036] This application provides a battery testing device, which includes a base plate 100, a clamp 200, a pressure detection component 300, and a heating element 400. Specifically, the clamp 200 is disposed on the base plate 100 and has a clamping groove 201 in which a battery 110 is partially disposed. The pressure detection component 300 is disposed on the base plate 100 and is located on one side of the end of the battery 110. The heating element 400 is disposed on the circumferential surface of the battery 110.
[0037] The battery testing device has a first direction X, a second direction Y, and a third direction Z, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the first direction X is the left-right direction, the second direction Y is the front-back direction, and the third direction Z is the vertical direction.
[0038] In this embodiment, the battery 110 is arranged along the first direction X, that is, the axis of the battery 110 is arranged parallel to the first direction X.
[0039] The battery 110 is placed in the clamping groove 201. It should be noted that in order to visually observe the mechanical impact force generated by the battery 110 during thermal runaway, the clamping groove 201 only restricts the position of the battery 110 in the height direction, that is, its axial direction is not restricted. It can be understood that if the battery 110 is subjected to the impact force of its thermal runaway, it will move along its axial direction, so that its movement distance can be visually observed after the experiment.
[0040] Furthermore, the end of the battery 110 does not directly contact the pressure detection component 300. There is a certain gap between the battery 110 and the pressure detection component 300 to prevent pressure from being applied to the pressure detection component 300 before testing, which would affect the accuracy of the final test data.
[0041] See Figure 1 As shown, during the test, power is supplied to the heating element 400, which heats the battery 110. When the heating element 400 heats the battery 110 to a certain temperature, the battery 110 will experience thermal runaway, generating an impact force. This impact force will act towards the pressure detection component 300. It can be understood that the smoke or flame generated by the battery 110 will act towards the pressure detection component 300, thus exerting a force on it. The pressure detection component 300 detects this force, that is, the pressure exerted by the thermal runaway of the battery 110 on the pressure detection component 300. The data detected by the pressure detection component 300 can be used to directly determine the mechanical impact force generated by the battery 110 during thermal runaway.
[0042] For example, the shape of the battery 110 can be square or round. Correspondingly, the shape of the clamping groove 201 needs to be adapted to the shape of the battery 110. In this embodiment, both the battery 110 and the clamping groove 201 are round. The following description mainly uses the round shape of the battery 110 and the clamping groove 201 as an example.
[0043] The heating element 400 is an electric heating element, that is, when the heating element 400 is energized, it can convert electrical energy into heat energy to heat the battery 110. Specifically, the heating element 400 is a heating sheet, which can be attached to the outer periphery of the battery 110 by adhesive, thereby fixing the heating element 400. For example, the heating element 400 can be a metal ceramic heating sheet or other heating body that can be bent and attached. The specific type is not limited here.
[0044] In some embodiments, the clamp 200 includes a first clamping block 210 and a second clamping block 220. The first clamping block 210 and the second clamping block 220 are detachably connected. The first clamping block 210 is disposed on the base plate 100. The side of the first clamping block 210 facing the second clamping block 220 is provided with a first groove 2011. The side of the second clamping block 220 facing the first clamping block 210 is provided with a second groove 2012. The first groove 2011 and the second groove 2012 are combined to form a clamping groove 201.
[0045] Please see Figure 2 As shown, the entire clamp 200 is designed as a two-part unit. The first clamping block 210 and the second clamping block 220 are distributed along a third direction, that is, the first clamping block 210 and the second clamping block 220 are distributed vertically, with the second clamping block 220 located above the first clamping block 210. Specifically, the lower first clamping block 210 is fixedly or detachably mounted on the base plate 100, and the second clamping block 220 is detachably connected to the first clamping block 210 via a detachable assembly 230. A first groove 2011 is formed on the bonding surface. The first groove 2011 is also formed on the surface where the second clamping block 220 and the first clamping block 210 are combined. When the first clamping block 210 and the second clamping block 220 are combined, the first groove 2011 and the second groove 2012 will also be combined. After the first groove 2011 and the second groove 2012 are combined, a clamping groove 201 that can accommodate the battery 110 is formed. Under the premise that the first clamping block 210 and the second clamping block 220 are combined, the position of the battery 110 is limited by the clamping groove 201.
[0046] For example, when the first clamping block 210 is fixedly mounted on the base plate 100, the first clamping block 210 can be fixedly connected to the base plate 100 by welding. If the first clamping block 210 is detachably mounted on the base plate 100, multiple guide rails can be set on the base plate 100, and the multiple guide rails are spaced apart along the first direction. Then, a sliding groove adapted to the guide rail is opened at the bottom of the first clamping block 210. That is, with the cooperation of the guide rail and the sliding groove, the first clamping block 210 can be moved to a preset position. Since the first clamping block 210 is only subjected to the force from the thermal runaway of the battery 110 along the first direction, the first clamping block 210 will not be subjected to the force along the second direction during the thermal runaway test. Furthermore, if there is concern that the first clamping block 210 will move due to the force in the second direction, a threaded hole can be opened on the side of the first clamping block 210. The threaded hole faces the guide rail. The first clamping block 210 is positioned by setting a bolt in the threaded hole to tighten the guide rail, thereby preventing the first clamping block (210) from being displaced in the second direction due to external force. It is understandable that setting multiple guide rails on the base plate 100 can change the position of the first clamp 210 in the first direction, thereby enabling the first clamp 210 and the second clamp 220 to be replaced and adapted for different battery 110 specifications, thus improving the practicality of the testing device.
[0047] In another embodiment, the first clamping block 210 and the second clamping block 220 may also be distributed along a second direction, that is, the first clamping block 210 and the second clamping block 220 are distributed in a front-back direction.
[0048] In some embodiments, the clamp 200 further includes a removable assembly 230, which includes a plurality of connecting holes 231 formed on the side of the first clamping block 210 facing the second clamping block 220, and a plurality of through holes 232 formed through the second clamping block 220. The connecting holes 231 and the through holes 232 communicate to form mounting holes, and fasteners 233 are provided in the mounting holes.
[0049] See Figure 3 As shown, connecting holes 231 are provided on both the front and rear sides of the first clamping block 210, and through holes 232 are provided on both the front and rear sides of the second clamping block 220. After the first clamping block 210 and the second clamping block 220 are fitted together, the through holes 232 and the connecting holes 231 are coaxially connected to form an installation hole. At this time, the fastener 233 can pass through the through hole 232 and extend into the connecting hole 231 to realize the connection between the first clamping block 210 and the second clamping block 220.
[0050] For example, fastener 233 is a bolt, through hole 232 is a smooth hole, that is, the inner wall of through hole 232 is smooth, and connecting hole 231 is a threaded hole. The bolt and the threaded hole are connected to achieve the fit between the first clamping block 210 and the second clamping block 220.
[0051] In some embodiments, a gasket 240 is provided between the first clamping block 210 and the second clamping block 220.
[0052] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in order to prevent the second clamping block 220 from being too close to the first clamping block 210 and thus exerting excessive clamping force on the battery 110, a shim 240 is provided between the first clamping block 210 and the second clamping block 220 to reduce the clamping force on the battery 110. Alternatively, a certain gap can be provided between the battery 110 and the inner top wall of the second groove 2012 to prevent the battery 110 from being unable to move due to excessive clamping force.
[0053] In some embodiments, the pressure detection assembly 300 includes a mounting plate 310 and a pressure detection element 320. The mounting plate 310 is fixedly disposed on the base plate 100, and the pressure detection element 320 is disposed on the side of the mounting plate 310 facing the battery 110.
[0054] Please continue reading. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the mounting plate 310 can be fixedly mounted on the base plate 100 by welding. Then, a pressure detection element 320 is set on the mounting plate 310, and the pressure detection element 320 is directly opposite the end of the battery 110. The pressure detection element 320 can receive and detect the impact force generated by the thermal runaway of the battery 110, thereby realizing the detection of the impact force during thermal runaway.
[0055] For example, the pressure sensing element 320 is a pressure sensor. For instance, the pressure sensing element 320 can be a thin-film piezoresistive sensor or a pressure strain gauge, etc., which can be used for pressure detection. It is understood that the pressure sensor can be of various types, including but not limited to the examples described above.
[0056] In some embodiments, the circumference of the battery 110 is C, and the length of the heating element 400 is L, satisfying: L≥3 / 4C.
[0057] Please see Figure 3 As shown, the battery 110 has a circular cross-section. In order to heat the battery 110 quickly through the heating element 400 and make the battery 110 reach the temperature of thermal runaway, the heating element 400 is arranged on the outer circumference of the battery 110 in a wrapping and winding manner. In order to enable the battery 110 to reach the temperature of thermal runaway quickly, the length of the heating element 400 is greater than three-quarters of the circumference of the battery 110, so that the battery 110 has a sufficient heating area to reduce the time required for testing.
[0058] In some embodiments, a temperature sensing element 500 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the battery 110.
[0059] See Figures 1 to 3 As shown, in order to measure the temperature of battery 110 during thermal runaway, a temperature detection element 500 can be directly attached to the outer peripheral surface of battery 110. The temperature detection element 500 is used to detect the temperature of battery 110 during thermal runaway, thereby enabling better acquisition of temperature data during thermal runaway. For example, the temperature detection element 500 can be a thermocouple, which is used to detect the temperature of battery 110 during thermal runaway.
[0060] In some embodiments, a heat insulation member 600 is provided between the pressure detection assembly 300 and the battery 110. The heat insulation member 600 includes a rigid plate 610 and a heat insulation body 620, with the heat insulation body 620 located between the rigid plate 610 and the pressure detection assembly 300.
[0061] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in order to prevent the high temperature generated by the thermal runaway of the battery 110 from directly acting on the pressure detection element 320 and causing it to malfunction, a heat insulation element 600 is provided between the pressure detection element 320 and the battery 110. The heat insulation element 600 can be directly connected to the pressure detection element 320. Specifically, the rigid plate 610 bears the force, and then the heat insulation element 620 provides insulation, thereby preventing the pressure detection element 320 from overheating and causing it to malfunction.
[0062] For example, the rigid plate 610 can be a stainless steel sheet, and the thermal insulation 620 can be aerogel.
[0063] This embodiment also has a control processor adapted thereto, which is electrically connected to the pressure detection element 320, the heating element 400 and the temperature detection element 500, thereby processing the data from the pressure detection element 320 and the temperature detection element 500, and controlling the power of the heating element 400, etc.
[0064] This embodiment also provides a battery testing system, which includes a battery testing device as described above and a housing (not shown in the figure), wherein the housing has a receiving cavity and the battery testing device is disposed in the receiving cavity.
[0065] Understandably, in order to further analyze the thermal runaway of battery 110, the entire test device can be set up in the housing cavity to analyze the amount of gas generated by the thermal runaway of battery 110, the gas generation rate, and the composition of the gas, thereby making the data measurement of the thermal runaway of battery 110 more comprehensive.
[0066] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.
[0067] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.
Claims
1. A battery testing device, characterized in that, include: Base plate (100); A clamp (200) is disposed on the base plate (100), and the clamp (200) has a clamping groove (201) in which a battery (110) is partially disposed. A pressure detection component (300) is disposed on the base plate (100) and located on one side of the end of the battery (110); A heating element (400) is disposed on the periphery of the battery (110).
2. The battery testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamp (200) includes a first clamping block (210) and a second clamping block (220). The first clamping block (210) and the second clamping block (220) are detachably connected. The first clamping block (210) is disposed on the base plate (100). The first clamping block (210) has a first groove (2011) on its side facing the second clamping block (220), and the second clamping block (220) has a second groove (2012) on its side facing the first clamping block (210). The first groove (2011) and the second groove (2012) are combined to form the clamping groove (201).
3. The battery testing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The clamp (200) further includes a disassembly assembly (230), which includes a plurality of connecting holes (231) on the side of the first clamping block (210) facing the second clamping block (220) and a plurality of through holes (232) through the second clamping block (220). The connecting holes (231) and the through holes (232) communicate to form a mounting hole, and a fastener (233) is provided in the mounting hole.
4. The battery testing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, A gasket (240) is provided between the first clamping block (210) and the second clamping block (220) surfaces.
5. The battery testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure detection assembly (300) includes a mounting plate (310) and a pressure detection element (320). The mounting plate (310) is fixedly disposed on the base plate (100), and the pressure detection element (320) is disposed on the side of the mounting plate (310) facing the battery (110).
6. The battery testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The circumference of the battery (110) is C, and the length of the heating element (400) is L, satisfying: L≥3 / 4C.
7. The battery testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, A temperature detection element (500) is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the battery (110).
8. The battery testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, A heat insulation element (600) is provided between the pressure detection component (300) and the battery (110).
9. The battery testing apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that, The thermal insulation component (600) includes a rigid plate (610) and a thermal insulation body (620), the thermal insulation body (620) being located between the rigid plate (610) and the pressure detection assembly (300).
10. A battery testing system, characterized in that, include: The battery testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9; A housing having a receiving cavity, wherein the battery testing device is disposed in the receiving cavity.