Switching mechanism for turning and milling of machine tool electric spindle

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of switching mechanism of lathe electric spindle turning milling, belong to mechanical technical field.It solves the existing electric spindle only can be turned or milled, and there is the problem of low processing efficiency.The both ends of the electric spindle sleeve are fixedly connected with front bearing seat and rear bearing seat, switching mechanism includes with sleeve fixed connection's fixed gear plate, with the dynamic gear plate of fixed connection of main shaft and the piston gear plate of sleeve setting on main shaft, fixed gear plate sleeve setting is outside dynamic gear plate, and there is oil cavity between front bearing seat and piston gear plate, and the hydraulic oil of oil cavity is inhaled to push piston gear plate to move backwards to make piston gear plate and fixed gear plate and dynamic gear plate all be engaged, reset piece is equipped between sleeve and piston gear plate, reset piece can push piston gear plate to move forwards to make piston gear plate and fixed gear plate and dynamic gear plate all be separated.This machine tool electric spindle turning milling switching mechanism has the advantages that turning and milling machining of workpiece can be realized by a machine tool, and processing efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of mechanical technology and relates to a switching mechanism for turning and milling of machine tool electric spindles. Background Technology

[0002] An electric spindle is a high-tech component that integrates a spindle motor with a machine tool spindle. It directly drives the spindle to rotate through an embedded motor, replacing traditional mechanical transmission structures such as belts and gears, and achieving a "zero transmission" design. Its performance directly determines the processing capability of high-end equipment.

[0003] Existing electric spindles, such as the high-load, high-rigidity, rapid-cooling electric spindle disclosed in Chinese patent literature [Patent No.: 201921940092.6; Application Publication No.: CN211071844U], include a steel cylinder, a front bearing housing, and a rear bearing housing. The front bearing housing houses a front bearing, the rear bearing housing houses a rear bearing chamber, and the rear bearing chamber houses a rear bearing. The steel cylinder houses a water-cooled inner sleeve, the water-cooled inner sleeve houses a stator assembly, and the stator assembly houses a rotor. A back cover is fixed to the rear end of the rear bearing housing, and a coolant injection connector and a coolant discharge connector are fixed to the rear end of the back cover. A front bearing cooling water channel is opened on the outer wall of the front bearing housing, and the front bearing cooling water channel surrounds the front bearing housing. A water-cooled outer sleeve is fitted on the outer wall of the front bearing housing. A stator cooling water channel is opened on the outer wall of the water-cooled inner sleeve, and a rear bearing cooling water channel is opened on the outer wall of the rear bearing chamber.

[0004] In this type of electric spindle, the rotor is housed within a steel cylinder. The rotor rotates relative to the cylinder, thereby rotating the tool fixed to it and achieving milling of the workpiece. However, in this type of electric spindle, the rotor cannot be positioned, making it impossible to position the tool and thus preventing turning of the workpiece. The workpiece must be disassembled and mounted on another machine tool for turning, meaning a single workpiece needs to be processed on different machine tools. This requires repeated clamping of the workpiece, affecting product quality and significantly reducing processing efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems in the existing technology by proposing a switching mechanism for turning and milling using an electric spindle on a machine tool. The technical problem solved is how to achieve both turning and milling of a workpiece using a single machine tool, thereby improving processing efficiency.

[0006] The objective of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solution: a switching mechanism for turning and milling using an electric spindle of a machine tool, the electric spindle including a sleeve and a spindle, the sleeve containing a stator assembly and a rotor assembly, the two ends of the sleeve being fixedly connected to a front bearing seat and a rear bearing seat respectively, the spindle being inserted and fixedly connected to the rotor assembly, the two ends of the spindle passing through the front bearing seat and the rear bearing seat respectively, characterized in that the switching mechanism includes a fixed gear plate fixedly connected to the sleeve, a movable gear plate fixedly connected to the spindle, and a piston gear plate sleeved on the spindle, the fixed gear plate being sleeved outside the movable gear plate, an oil cavity being provided between the front bearing seat and the piston gear plate, hydraulic oil being introduced into the oil cavity to push the piston gear plate to move backward so that the piston gear plate meshes with both the fixed gear plate and the movable gear plate, a reset member being provided between the sleeve and the piston gear plate, the reset member being able to push the piston gear plate to move forward so that the piston gear plate separates from both the fixed gear plate and the movable gear plate.

[0007] The spindle can be fitted with cutting tools. During operation, hydraulic oil is injected into the oil chamber. The hydraulic oil pushes the piston gear plate backward, engaging it with both the fixed and moving gear plates. Since the sleeve is fixed, the fixed gear plate is also fixed. The fixed gear plate, through the piston gear plate, fixes the moving gear plate, preventing it from rotating and thus preventing the spindle and cutting tool from rotating, allowing the cutting tool to perform turning operations. After the oil chamber is depressurized, the reset element pushes the piston gear plate forward, separating it from both the fixed and moving gear plates. This removes the constraint on the moving gear plate, allowing the rotor assembly to drive the spindle to rotate, thereby rotating the cutting tool and enabling milling operations. This machine tool can perform both turning and milling operations, eliminating the need to transfer the workpiece to another machine tool during processing, thus improving processing efficiency.

[0008] In the aforementioned switching mechanism for turning and milling using an electric spindle of a machine tool, the front bearing housing has an oil passage. One end of the oil passage is connected to the oil chamber, and the other end is connected to the outside. The oil passage is rationally positioned to facilitate the injection and discharge of hydraulic oil from the oil chamber.

[0009] In the aforementioned switching mechanism for turning and milling using an electric spindle in a machine tool, the resetting component includes a push rod and several disc springs sleeved on the push rod. One end of each disc spring acts on the sleeve, and the other end acts on the push rod. Under the elastic force of the disc springs, the push rod can pass through the fixed gear plate and push the piston gear plate forward, causing the piston gear plate to separate from both the fixed and moving gear plates. Since the fixed gear plate is stationary, there is no problem of the push rod getting stuck when passing through it. Furthermore, the fixed gear plate allows for better installation of the push rod and disc springs between the fixed gear plate and the sleeve. In practical use, cylindrical springs can be used to replace the disc springs.

[0010] In the aforementioned switching mechanism for turning and milling using an electric spindle in a machine tool, an adjusting shim is provided between the fixed gear plate and the sleeve. This adjusting shim ensures that the teeth of the fixed gear plate and the moving gear plate are flush along the axial direction of the spindle. The adjusting shim allows adjustment of the position of the fixed gear plate, ensuring that the teeth of both the fixed and moving gear plates are flush along the axial direction of the spindle, thus guaranteeing that the piston gear plate can simultaneously mesh with both the fixed and moving gear plates.

[0011] In the aforementioned switching mechanism for turning and milling using an electric spindle of a machine tool, the outer peripheral wall of the spindle has a ring-shaped, outwardly protruding retaining edge. The movable gear plate rests against the front side wall of the retaining edge, and the movable gear plate is fixedly connected to the retaining edge by fasteners. The retaining edge serves as a mounting carrier for mounting and fixing the movable gear plate, allowing it to better mesh with the piston gear plate.

[0012] In the aforementioned switching mechanism for turning and milling operations of an electric spindle in a machine tool, a signal rod is fixedly connected to the piston gear plate. A signal hole is located in the front bearing housing, and a signal seat is fixedly connected to the signal hole. A sensor is installed in the signal seat, and the sensor can detect the position of the signal rod. By detecting the position of the signal rod, the sensor can determine the position of the piston gear plate, thereby identifying whether the electric spindle is in turning or milling mode, reducing the machine tool's failure rate.

[0013] In the aforementioned switching mechanism for turning and milling using an electric spindle in a machine tool, the opening of the signal hole is sealed with a plug, and a set screw passes through the front bearing housing, abutting against the signal seat to fix the signal seat in the signal hole. This structure ensures the stability of the sensor position, thereby reducing the machine tool's failure rate.

[0014] In the aforementioned switching mechanism for turning and milling operations using an electric spindle in a machine tool, a cooling sleeve is fitted over the front bearing housing. A ring-shaped front pressure cap is fixedly connected to the front end of the front bearing housing. The front pressure cap axially positions the cooling sleeve outside the front bearing housing, and a cooling cavity exists between the front bearing housing and the cooling sleeve. By injecting coolant into the cooling cavity, the temperature of the electric spindle can be reduced, extending its service life. The locking mechanism of the front pressure cap achieves axial positioning of the cooling sleeve, resulting in a simple structure.

[0015] In the aforementioned switching mechanism for turning and milling using an electric spindle in a machine tool, several front bearings are provided between the front end of the spindle and the front bearing housing. Adjacent front bearings are separated by spacers. A locking nut is fixedly connected to the front end of the spindle. Tightening the locking nut axially positions the front bearings and spacers between the spindle and the front bearing housing. The front bearings ensure smooth spindle rotation, while the spacers offset and position the front bearings, improving the stability of the electric spindle.

[0016] In the aforementioned switching mechanism for turning and milling operations using an electric spindle in a machine tool, an air distribution ring is provided between the locking nut and the front pressure cover. The air distribution ring has a plurality of vent holes evenly distributed along its circumference. The front pressure cover has an annular vent groove surrounding the air distribution ring, and all the vent holes are connected to the vent groove. When the electric spindle is operating, the gas coming from the rear end can be sprayed into the vent groove through the evenly arranged vent holes, forming an air curtain to protect the interior of the spindle.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the switching mechanism for turning and milling of a machine tool electric spindle provided by this utility model has the following advantages:

[0018] 1. The electric spindle of this machine tool moves the piston tooth plate, which meshes or separates with the fixed tooth plate and the moving tooth plate, thereby positioning or rotating the spindle. This enables the machine tool to perform turning and milling operations on the workpiece, eliminating the need to transfer the workpiece to another machine tool for processing and improving processing efficiency.

[0019] 2. The electric spindle of this machine tool is equipped with an air distribution ring at the front end of the spindle to form an air curtain protection, which protects the inside of the spindle and thus improves the stability of the electric spindle. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the electric spindle of this machine tool. Figure 1 .

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the electric spindle of this machine tool. Figure 2 .

[0022] Figure 3 It is the electric spindle of this machine tool Figure 1 Enlarged view of area A.

[0023] Figure 4 It is the electric spindle of this machine tool Figure 2 Enlarged view of area B.

[0024] Figure 5 It is the electric spindle of this machine tool Figure 2 Enlarged view of region C.

[0025] Figure 6 It is the electric spindle of this machine tool Figure 2 Enlarged view of region D.

[0026] In the diagram, 1. Sleeve; 2. Main shaft; 2a. Baffle; 3. Stator assembly; 4. Rotor assembly; 5. Front bearing housing; 6. Rear bearing housing; 7. Fixed gear plate; 8. Moving gear plate; 9. Piston gear plate; 10. Oil chamber; 11. Reset component; 111. Push rod; 112. Disc spring; 12. Oil passage; 13. Adjusting shim; 14. Signal rod; 15. Signal hole; 16. Signal seat; 17. Sensor; 18. Plug; 19. Set screw; 20. Cooling jacket; 21. Front pressure cover; 22. Cooling chamber; 23. Front bearing; 24. Spacer; 25. Locking nut; 26. Air distribution ring; 27. Vent hole; 28. Vent groove. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention, which are described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0028] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the machine tool electric spindle includes a sleeve 1, a spindle 2, a stator assembly 3, a rotor assembly 4, a front bearing housing 5, a rear bearing housing 6, a switching mechanism, a cooling jacket 20, a front pressure cover 21, a front bearing 23, a spacer 24, a locking nut 25, and a gas distribution ring 26. The switching mechanism includes a fixed gear plate 7, a moving gear plate 8, a piston gear plate 9, a reset component 11, an adjusting shim 13, a signal rod 14, a signal seat 16, and a sensor 17.

[0029] A stator assembly 3 is fixedly connected in the sleeve 1. A rotor assembly 4 is rotatably provided in the stator assembly 3. A front bearing seat 5 and a rear bearing seat 6 are fixedly connected to both ends of the sleeve 1, respectively. The main shaft 2 is inserted and fixedly connected in the rotor assembly 4, and both ends of the main shaft 2 pass through the front bearing seat 5 and the rear bearing seat 6, respectively.

[0030] The fixed gear plate 7 is fixedly connected to the sleeve 1. The outer peripheral wall of the main shaft 2 has a retaining edge 2a that protrudes outward in an annular shape. The movable gear plate 8 is attached to the front side wall of the retaining edge 2a. The movable gear plate 8 is fixedly connected to the retaining edge 2a by fasteners such as bolts, so that the movable gear plate 8 is fixedly connected to the main shaft 2. The fixed gear plate 7 is sleeved on the movable gear plate 8. An adjusting shim 13 is provided between the fixed gear plate 7 and the sleeve 1. The adjusting shim 13 makes the gear teeth of the fixed gear plate 7 and the gear teeth of the movable gear plate 8 flush along the axial direction of the main shaft 2. The piston gear plate 9 is sleeved on the main shaft 2.

[0031] like Figure 3 As shown, there is an oil chamber 10 between the front bearing housing 5 and the piston gear disk 9. The front bearing housing 5 has an oil passage 12, one end of which is connected to the oil chamber 10, and the other end is connected to the outside. Hydraulic oil flowing into the oil chamber 10 can push the piston gear disk 9 backward, causing it to mesh with both the fixed gear disk 7 and the moving gear disk 8. Figure 4As shown, a reset member 11 is provided between the sleeve 1 and the piston gear disk 9. Specifically, the reset member 11 includes a push rod 111 and a disc spring 112 sleeved on the push rod 111. One end of the disc spring 112 acts on the sleeve 1, and the other end acts on the push rod 111. Under the action of the spring force of the disc spring 112, the push rod 111 can pass through the fixed gear disk 7 and push the piston gear disk 9 forward, so that the piston gear disk 9 is separated from both the fixed gear disk 7 and the moving gear disk 8. In this embodiment, there are eighteen disc springs 112. In actual production, the number of disc springs 112 can be eight or twenty-eight.

[0032] like Figure 5 As shown, a signal rod 14 is fixedly connected to the piston disc 9. A signal hole 15 is located in the front bearing housing 5, and a signal seat 16 is fixedly connected to the signal hole 15. A sensor 17 is installed in the signal seat 16, which can detect the position of the signal rod 14. The opening of the signal hole 15 is sealed by a plug 18. A set screw 19 passes through the front bearing housing 5 and abuts against the signal seat 16, fixing the signal seat 16 in the signal hole 15.

[0033] A cooling sleeve 20 is fitted over the front bearing housing 5. A ring-shaped front pressure cap 21 is fixedly connected to the front end of the front bearing housing 5. The front pressure cap 21 axially positions the cooling sleeve 20 outside the front bearing housing 5. A cooling cavity 22 is formed between the front bearing housing 5 and the cooling sleeve 20. In this embodiment, four front bearings 23 are provided between the front end of the spindle 2 and the front bearing housing 5. Adjacent front bearings 23 are separated by spacers 24. A locking nut 25 is fixedly connected to the front end of the spindle 2. The locking nut 25 compresses the front bearings 23 and spacers 24, axially positioning them between the spindle 2 and the front bearing housing 5. In actual production, the number of front bearings 23 is three or six. Figure 6 As shown, a venting ring 26 is provided between the locking nut 25 and the front pressure cover 21. In this embodiment, six venting holes 27 are evenly distributed in the venting ring 26 along its own circumference. The front pressure cover 21 is provided with a ring-shaped venting groove 28 surrounding the venting ring 26. All the venting holes 27 are connected to the venting groove 28. In actual production, the number of venting holes 27 can be four or eight.

[0034] The spindle 2 can be equipped with cutting tools. During use, hydraulic oil is injected into the oil chamber 10 through the oil passage 12. The hydraulic oil pushes the piston gear 9 backward, causing the piston gear 9 to mesh with both the fixed gear 7 and the moving gear 8, thus fixing the spindle 2 and the cutting tool, and putting the machine tool into a turning state. After the oil chamber 10 is depressurized, the reset member 11 pushes the piston gear 9 forward, causing the piston gear 9 to separate from both the fixed gear 7 and the moving gear 8. The rotor assembly 4 can then drive the spindle 2 to rotate, thereby rotating the cutting tool and putting the machine tool into a milling state.

[0035] The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative examples illustrating the spirit of this utility model. Those skilled in the art to which this utility model pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, without departing from the spirit of this utility model or exceeding the scope defined by the appended claims.

[0036] Although this document frequently uses terms such as sleeve 1, main shaft 2, retaining edge 2a, stator assembly 3, rotor assembly 4, front bearing housing 5, rear bearing housing 6, fixed gear plate 7, moving gear plate 8, piston gear plate 9, oil chamber 10, reset component 11, push rod 111, disc spring 112, oil passage 12, adjusting shim 13, signal rod 14, signal hole 15, signal seat 16, sensor 17, plug 18, set screw 19, cooling jacket 20, front pressure cover 21, cooling chamber 22, front bearing 23, spacer 24, locking nut 256, air distribution ring 26, vent hole 27, and vent groove 28, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. The use of these terms is merely for the convenience of describing and explaining the essence of this utility model; interpreting them as any additional limitation would contradict the spirit of this utility model.

Claims

1. A switching mechanism for turning and milling using an electric spindle of a machine tool, the electric spindle comprising a sleeve (1) and a spindle (2), wherein a stator assembly (3) and a rotor assembly (4) are disposed in the sleeve (1), a front bearing seat (5) and a rear bearing seat (6) are respectively fixedly connected to both ends of the sleeve (1), the spindle (2) is inserted and fixedly connected in the rotor assembly (4), and both ends of the spindle (2) pass through the front bearing seat (5) and the rear bearing seat (6) respectively, characterized in that, The switching mechanism includes a fixed gear disk (7) fixedly connected to the sleeve (1), a movable gear disk (8) fixedly connected to the main shaft (2), and a piston gear disk (9) sleeved on the main shaft (2). The fixed gear disk (7) is sleeved outside the movable gear disk (8). There is an oil chamber (10) between the front bearing seat (5) and the piston gear disk (9). Hydraulic oil is introduced into the oil chamber (10) to push the piston gear disk (9) to move backward so that the piston gear disk (9) meshes with both the fixed gear disk (7) and the movable gear disk (8). A reset member (11) is provided between the sleeve (1) and the piston gear disk (9). The reset member (11) can push the piston gear disk (9) to move forward so that the piston gear disk (9) separates from both the fixed gear disk (7) and the movable gear disk (8).

2. The switching mechanism for turning and milling of a machine tool electric spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front bearing housing (5) has an oil passage (12), one end of which is connected to the oil cavity (10), and the other end is connected to the outside.

3. The switching mechanism for turning and milling of a machine tool electric spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reset component (11) includes a push rod (111) and a plurality of disc springs (112) sleeved on the push rod (111). One end of the disc spring (112) acts on the sleeve (1) and the other end acts on the push rod (111). Under the action of the elastic force of the disc spring (112), the push rod (111) can pass through the fixed toothed disk (7) and push the piston toothed disk (9) forward so that the piston toothed disk (9) is separated from both the fixed toothed disk (7) and the moving toothed disk (8).

4. A switching mechanism for turning and milling operations using an electric spindle of a machine tool according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, An adjusting shim (13) is provided between the fixed gear plate (7) and the sleeve (1), and the adjusting shim (13) makes the teeth of the fixed gear plate (7) and the teeth of the moving gear plate (8) flush along the axial direction of the main shaft (2).

5. A switching mechanism for turning and milling operations using an electric spindle of a machine tool according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The outer peripheral wall of the main shaft (2) has a ring-shaped outward protruding retaining edge (2a), the movable gear disk (8) abuts against the front side wall of the retaining edge (2a), and the movable gear disk (8) is fixedly connected to the retaining edge (2a) by fasteners.

6. A switching mechanism for turning and milling operations using an electric spindle of a machine tool according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, A signal rod (14) is fixedly connected to the piston disc (9). A signal hole (15) is provided in the front bearing housing (5). A signal seat (16) is fixedly connected in the signal hole (15). A sensor (17) is provided in the signal seat (16). The sensor (17) can sense the position of the signal rod (14).

7. The switching mechanism for turning and milling of a machine tool electric spindle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The opening of the signal hole (15) is sealed by a plug (18), and a set screw (19) is provided in the front bearing seat (5). The set screw (19) abuts against the signal seat (16) to fix the signal seat (16) in the signal hole (15).

8. A switching mechanism for turning and milling operations using an electric spindle of a machine tool according to claim 1, 2, or 3, characterized in that, The front bearing housing (5) is covered with a cooling sleeve (20), and the front end of the front bearing housing (5) is fixedly connected with a front pressure cover (21) in the shape of an annular shape. The front pressure cover (21) axially positions the cooling sleeve (20) outside the front bearing housing (5), and there is a cooling cavity (22) between the front bearing housing (5) and the cooling sleeve (20).

9. The switching mechanism for turning and milling of a machine tool electric spindle according to claim 8, characterized in that, A plurality of front bearings (23) are provided between the front end of the main shaft (2) and the front bearing housing (5). Two adjacent front bearings (23) are separated by a spacer (24). A locking nut (25) is fixedly connected to the front end of the main shaft (2). The front bearings (23) and the spacer (24) are axially positioned between the main shaft (2) and the front bearing housing (5) by the tightening of the locking nut (25).

10. The switching mechanism for turning and milling of a machine tool electric spindle according to claim 9, characterized in that, A venting ring (26) is provided between the locking nut (25) and the front pressure cover (21). The venting ring (26) has a plurality of vent holes (27) evenly distributed along its circumference. The front pressure cover (21) has an annular venting groove (28) surrounding the venting ring (26). All the vent holes (27) are connected to the venting groove (28).

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