Ventilation and safety hole arrangement

Abstract

This utility model belongs to the field of ventilation engineering technology for hydropower stations, specifically relating to a ventilation and safety tunnel exhaust tower layout structure. In this utility model, the lower floors of the main exhaust tower are only located outside the exhaust duct opening. The side walls of the lower floors of the main exhaust tower connect with the exhaust duct opening, allowing the internal space of the main exhaust tower to communicate with the exhaust duct. The upper floors of the main exhaust tower connect with the mountain via an extended platform. An auxiliary exhaust tower is fixedly installed on the extended platform. The main exhaust tower and the auxiliary exhaust tower are fixed as a whole, with their internal spaces interconnected. Rainproof vents are provided on the tops of both the main exhaust tower and the auxiliary exhaust tower. Exhaust fans are installed inside the exhaust tower or the exhaust duct, used to exhaust air from one end of the exhaust duct through the rainproof vents. This utility model reduces the overall engineering volume and construction cost of the exhaust tower without increasing the building height or ensuring sufficient exhaust area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of ventilation engineering in hydropower stations, specifically relating to a ventilation and safety tunnel exhaust tower layout structure. Background Technology

[0002] Ventilation and safety tunnels are common auxiliary caverns in the underground powerhouse of pumped storage power stations. To reduce excavation and support work, as well as project investment, a common arrangement is to place an exhaust fan room or exhaust tower at the entrance of the ventilation and safety tunnel. For details, please refer to the literature "Design Analysis of Ventilation Tunnel Entrance Fan Room in a Pumped Storage Power Station" (Heating, Ventilation & Air Conditioning, 2025, Vol. 55, No. 6, pp. 47-51, authors: Pan Xiaohong, Chen Lu, Yan Jiaming, Xu Kuaidong, Xiao Yimin), which discloses the following technical content: Due to terrain and cost constraints, the underground powerhouse of a certain pumped storage power station divides the ventilation and safety tunnel into an intake duct and an exhaust duct. An exhaust fan room is set up at the entrance and connected to the exhaust duct. The ventilation volume of the intake duct is approximately 18m³. 3 / h, the exhaust duct ventilation volume is approximately 600,000 m³ / h. 3 / h, the exhaust fan room is equipped with 3 units, each with a ventilation capacity of 200,000 m³ / h. 3 The / h fan serves as the relay fan for the underground plant's exhaust (and smoke extraction) system. The ventilation and safety tunnel's fan room on the first floor is divided into intake and exhaust ducts, connected to the intake and exhaust ducts of the ventilation and safety tunnel, respectively. The exhaust fan is located in the second-floor fan room, with the closest edge distance between the exhaust and intake vents being 10m. The intake vents use rainproof louvered vents and grilles, while the exhaust vents also use rainproof louvered vents. All floors of the exhaust fan room have the same floor area. To meet the required spacing between the exhaust and intake vents without increasing the building height, a sufficiently large floor area is needed to ensure adequate exhaust area, resulting in a relatively high overall project volume and construction cost. Increasing the building height would increase the load-bearing capacity requirements for beams, columns, and foundations, also increasing overall construction costs. Utility Model Content

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a ventilation and safety opening structure for the exhaust tower, which can reduce the overall engineering workload and construction cost of the exhaust tower.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a ventilation and safety cave entrance exhaust tower layout structure, including a ventilation and safety cave arranged inside the mountain, the ventilation and safety cave being divided into an air intake channel and an exhaust channel by a longitudinal partition wall, the extension direction of the longitudinal partition wall being consistent with the length direction of the ventilation and safety cave, an exhaust tower being arranged in the area outside the entrance of the exhaust channel, the exhaust tower including a vertically extending main exhaust tower, the lower floors of the main exhaust tower being arranged only in the area outside the entrance of the exhaust channel, the exhaust tower... The side walls of the lower floors of the building connect with the openings of the exhaust duct, thus connecting the interior space of the main exhaust building with the exhaust duct. The upper floors of the main exhaust building connect with the mountain through an extended platform. An auxiliary exhaust building is fixedly installed on the extended platform. The main exhaust building and the auxiliary exhaust building are fixed as a whole and their interior spaces are interconnected. Rainproof vents are installed on the top of both the main exhaust building and the auxiliary exhaust building. Exhaust fans are installed inside the exhaust building or the exhaust duct, and the exhaust fans are used to exhaust the air at one end of the exhaust duct through the rainproof vents.

[0005] A further preferred option is as follows: the exhaust fan is installed inside the exhaust duct; the floor where the main exhaust building connects to the exhaust duct opening is the first floor, the first floor has a ground-level road that connects to the bottom plate of the exhaust duct, the side wall of the first floor has a first maintenance door opening that connects to the ground-level road, and the first maintenance door opening is equipped with a first operable door; the upper floors of the main exhaust building connect to the horse trail located outside the mountain through an extended platform, and an upper horse trail connecting the ground-level road and the horse trail is provided outside the mountain; the lower end of the side wall of the auxiliary exhaust building has a second maintenance door opening that connects to the horse trail, and the second maintenance door opening is equipped with a second operable door.

[0006] A further preferred option is that the floor slabs of the main exhaust building only include the floor slab on the first floor and the roof slab on the top surface of the main exhaust building, and the floors of the main exhaust building equipped with rainproof air vents are connected to each other through a steel grating maintenance platform and an extended platform.

[0007] A further preferred option is: the side where the main exhaust building connects to the exhaust duct opening is the rear side of the main exhaust building, the air intake duct is located on the left side of the exhaust duct, and the exhaust auxiliary building is located on the right side of the main exhaust building; rainproof vents are arranged on the rear, left and front walls of the upper part of the main exhaust building, and rainproof vents are arranged on the rear and front walls of the exhaust auxiliary building.

[0008] A further preferred option is that the first operable door is a roller shutter door, and the first operable door is located on the front wall of the main exhaust building.

[0009] A further preferred option is to equip the outdoor space of the extended platform, the side of the horse trail away from the mountain, and the access road to the horse trail with guardrails.

[0010] A further preferred option is: an extended beam foundation is fixedly installed on the side of the horse trail away from the mountain. The extended beam foundation is anchored to the mountain by the slope support anchor bar bundle. The extended beam foundation and the upper beam-column node of the ventilation main building are connected by a connecting beam. The extended beam foundation, the upper beam of the ventilation main building and the connecting beam together form the first frame beam. The extended platform is correspondingly set on the first frame beam.

[0011] A further preferred option is to equip the outer opening of the air intake duct with an openable and closable grille door.

[0012] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The exhaust auxiliary building arranged on the extended platform increases the exhaust area, reducing the overall engineering workload and construction cost of the exhaust building without increasing the building height or ensuring sufficient exhaust area (the floor area of ​​the lower structure of the exhaust building is relatively small). Furthermore, the external mountain path and access road serve as maintenance access. The first maintenance doorway and the first operable door are sufficient to meet the equipment maintenance needs of the exhaust fans; the second maintenance doorway, the second operable door, and the steel grating maintenance platform are sufficient to meet the maintenance needs of the rainproof vents, replacing the stairwell inside the exhaust building. Moreover, the main exhaust building does not require any intermediate floor slabs or exhaust fan equipment platforms, saving on concrete structure. Simultaneously, the floor area of ​​the main exhaust building is further reduced, correspondingly reducing the excavation and support area for the openings, further decreasing the overall construction cost. The air intake duct opening is equipped with an openable and closable grille door. No building structure is arranged on the outside of the air intake duct. The openable and closable grille door meets the control requirements without affecting the air intake demand. The structure is relatively simple and the cost is low. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the planar layout structure of this utility model.

[0014] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA elevation diagram (part of the protective railings of the steel grating maintenance platform are not shown).

[0015] Figure 3 for Figure 1 BB elevation diagram (part of the protective railings of the steel grating maintenance platform are not shown).

[0016] Component markings in the diagram: 1. Ventilation and safety opening; 2. Air intake passage; 21. Openable and closable grille door; 3. Exhaust passage; 4. Exhaust tower; 41. Main exhaust tower; 42. Auxiliary exhaust tower; 43. Rainproof vent; 44. First openable and closable door; 45. Second openable and closable door; 46. Steel grille maintenance platform; 5. Extended platform; 6. Mountain; 7. Horse path; 8. Access path; 9. Extended beam foundation; 10. Slope support anchor bar bundle. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0018] Please see Figures 1 to 3 This utility model includes a ventilation and safety tunnel 1 located within a mountain 6 (broadly interpreted, this means any tunnel whose main body is located within the mountain 6). The ventilation and safety tunnel 1 is divided into an air intake channel 2 and an exhaust channel 3 by a longitudinal partition wall. The extension direction of the longitudinal partition wall is consistent with the length direction of the ventilation and safety tunnel 1. An exhaust tower 4 is arranged in the outer area of ​​the tunnel opening outside the exhaust channel 3. The exhaust tower 4 includes a vertically extending main exhaust tower 41. The lower floors of the main exhaust tower 41 are only located in the outer area of ​​the tunnel opening of the exhaust channel 3. The side walls of the lower floors of the main exhaust tower 41 are connected to the exhaust channel opening. The opening of the ventilation duct 3 is connected, and the internal space of the main ventilation building 41 is connected to the ventilation duct 3. The upper floors of the main ventilation building 41 are connected to the mountain 6 through the extended platform 5. The auxiliary ventilation building 42 is fixedly installed on the extended platform 5. The main ventilation building 41 and the auxiliary ventilation building 42 are fixed as a whole and their internal spaces are interconnected. The top of the main ventilation building 41 and the top of the auxiliary ventilation building 42 are both equipped with rainproof vents 43. An exhaust fan is installed inside the ventilation building 4 or the ventilation duct 3. The exhaust fan is used to exhaust the air at one end of the inner side of the ventilation duct 3 through the rainproof vent 43.

[0019] The arrangement of the ventilation and safety opening 1, longitudinal partition wall, air inlet duct 2, and exhaust duct 3 can be implemented with reference to the prior art mentioned in the background section. The longitudinal partition wall can usually be a brick wall structure. The external area of ​​the opening of the exhaust duct 3 refers to the vertical space formed by extending outward from the outer end face of the exhaust duct 3 and then upward. In a preferred embodiment, the connection between the main exhaust building 41 and the exhaust duct 3 is usually designed to have the same cross-sectional shape as the exhaust duct 3 so that the connection has the largest exhaust flow channel; similarly, for the internal space connection channel between the main exhaust building 41 and the auxiliary exhaust building 42, the corresponding flow channel area should be designed to be as large as possible while meeting structural safety requirements. The arrangement of the exhaust fan only needs to enable the air at one end of the inner side of the exhaust duct 3 to be discharged through the rainproof vent 43, which is conventional technology in this field. The arrangement of the rainproof vent 43 can be implemented with reference to the prior art mentioned in the background section. A side exhaust scheme or a top exhaust scheme can be adopted. The preferred embodiment shown in the attached figure adopts a side exhaust scheme. The key technical point of this utility model is to increase the exhaust area by using the exhaust auxiliary building 42 arranged on the extended platform 5. Without increasing the building height and ensuring sufficient exhaust area, the overall engineering volume and construction cost of the exhaust building 4 can be reduced (the floor area of ​​the lower structure of the exhaust building 4 is relatively small).

[0020] To facilitate maintenance and further reduce overall construction costs, this utility model preferably places the exhaust fan inside the exhaust duct 3. The floor where the main exhaust building 41 connects to the opening of the exhaust duct 3 is the first floor. The first floor has a ground-level road that connects to the bottom plate of the exhaust duct 3. The side wall of the first floor has a first maintenance doorway that connects to the ground-level road. The first maintenance doorway is equipped with a first openable door 44. The upper floors of the main exhaust building 41 are connected to the walkway 7 located outside the hillside 6 via an extended platform 5. An upper walkway 8 connecting the ground-level road and the walkway 7 is provided outside the hillside 6. The lower end of the side wall of the auxiliary exhaust building 42 has a second maintenance doorway that connects to the walkway 7. The second maintenance doorway is equipped with a second openable door 45. The first openable door 44 is used to control the opening and closing of the first maintenance doorway, and the second openable door 45 is used to control the opening and closing of the second maintenance doorway. Various conventional door installation structures can be used. After adopting the above scheme, the horse trail 7 and access road 8 outside the mountain 6 can be used as maintenance access. The first maintenance doorway and the first operable door 44 can meet the equipment maintenance needs of the exhaust fan; the second maintenance doorway and the second operable door 45 can meet the maintenance needs of the rainproof vent 43, replacing the stairwell inside the exhaust building 4. Furthermore, the exhaust fan equipment platform does not need to be arranged inside the main exhaust building 41, saving the amount of concrete structure. At the same time, the floor area of ​​the main exhaust building 41 is further reduced, and the excavation and support area of ​​the opening is correspondingly reduced, further reducing the overall construction cost. The ground level road can be interpreted broadly, including ground platform or road structure or a combination of the two, as long as it allows maintenance personnel to pass through. The access road 8 should take into account the slope drop and drainage needs in its specific design.

[0021] To further reduce overall construction costs while meeting maintenance needs, in some preferred embodiments, the floor slabs of the main exhaust building 41 only include the floor slab on the first floor and the roof slab on the top surface of the main exhaust building 41. Floors of the main exhaust building 41 with rainproof vents 43 are connected to the extended platform 5 via a steel grating maintenance platform 46; that is, the interior of the main exhaust building 41 is essentially devoid of any intermediate floor slabs. When maintaining the rainproof vents 43, maintenance personnel can pass between the rainproof vent 43 area and the extended platform 5 via the steel grating maintenance platform 46, and then use the walkway 7 and the access path 8 for further passage. The steel grating maintenance platform 46 generally includes a pedestrian platform and necessary guardrails.

[0022] The relative positions of the main exhaust building 41, auxiliary exhaust building 42, and walkway 7 to the mountain 6 can be flexibly designed according to the specific terrain. One preferred arrangement is as follows: the side of the main exhaust building 41 that connects to the opening of the exhaust duct 3 is the rear side of the main exhaust building 41; the air intake duct 2 is located on the left side of the exhaust duct 3; and the auxiliary exhaust building 42 is located on the right side of the main exhaust building 41. Rainproof vents 43 are arranged on the rear, left, and front walls of the upper part of the main exhaust building 41, and rainproof vents 43 are also arranged on the rear and front walls of the auxiliary exhaust building 42. This scheme fully utilizes the side walls of the main exhaust building 41 and the auxiliary exhaust building 42 for ventilation. This scheme uses a side exhaust method, and the rainproof vents 43 can be various conventional rainproof louvered vents. Based on this, the first operable door 44 is preferably a roller shutter door, and the first operable door 44 is located on the front side wall of the main ventilation building 41. With this design, it is convenient for vehicles to pass through the first maintenance doorway and the ventilation duct 3.

[0023] To better ensure the safety of the maintenance access, in some preferred embodiments, the outdoor space of the extended platform 5, the side of the horse path 7 away from the mountain 6, and the access road 8 are respectively equipped with guardrails.

[0024] To ensure structural simplicity and reliability, in some preferred embodiments, an extended beam foundation 9 is fixedly installed on the side of the walkway 7 away from the mountain 6. The extended beam foundation 9 is anchored to the mountain 6 by slope support anchor bundles 10. The extended beam foundation 9 and the upper beam-column joint of the main ventilation building 41 are connected by a connecting beam. The extended beam foundation 9, the upper beam of the main ventilation building 41, and the connecting beam together form the first frame beam, and the extended platform 5 is correspondingly installed on the first frame beam. The main ventilation building 41 and the auxiliary ventilation building 42 each form a conventional frame building structure, and they share common beam-column joints and corresponding column and beam structures at their junction.

[0025] In some other preferred embodiments, the outer opening of the air intake duct 2 is equipped with an openable and closable grille door 21. No building structure is arranged outside the air intake duct 2. The openable and closable grille door 21 meets the control requirements without affecting the air intake demand. The structure is relatively simple and the cost is low. The openable and closable grille door 21 means that it can be used to control whether the outer opening of the air intake duct 2 is closed or open. When the outer opening of the air intake duct 2 is closed, the air intake demand is met by the perforated structure of the openable and closable grille door 21. When the outer opening of the air intake duct 2 is open, relevant personnel can pass through. The openable and closable grille door 21 can adopt various conventional door installation structures, and the door body can generally be a railing-style iron gate.

Claims

1. A ventilation and safety cave entrance ventilation tower arrangement structure, comprising a ventilation and safety cave (1) arranged in the mountain (6), the ventilation and safety cave (1) being divided into an air intake channel (2) and an exhaust channel (3) by a longitudinal partition wall, the extension direction of the longitudinal partition wall being consistent with the length direction of the ventilation and safety cave (1), and an exhaust tower (4) arranged in the outer area of ​​the cave entrance outside the exhaust channel (3), the exhaust tower (4) comprising a vertically extending exhaust main tower (41), characterized in that: The lower floors of the main exhaust building (41) are located only in the area outside the opening of the exhaust duct (3). The side walls of the lower floors of the main exhaust building (41) are connected to the opening of the exhaust duct (3), and the internal space of the main exhaust building (41) is connected to the exhaust duct (3). The upper floors of the main exhaust building (41) are connected to the mountain (6) through the extended platform (5). An exhaust auxiliary building (42) is fixedly installed on the extended platform (5). The main exhaust building (41) and the exhaust auxiliary building (42) are fixed as a whole and their internal spaces are interconnected. Rainproof vents (43) are installed on the top of the main exhaust building (41) and the top of the exhaust auxiliary building (42). An exhaust fan is installed in the exhaust building (4) or the exhaust duct (3). The exhaust fan is used to exhaust the air at one end of the exhaust duct (3) through the rainproof vent (43).

2. The ventilation and safety tunnel exhaust tower layout structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust fan is installed in the exhaust duct (3); the floor where the exhaust main building (41) connects with the opening of the exhaust duct (3) is the first floor. The first floor is provided with a ground floor road that connects to the bottom plate of the exhaust duct (3). The side wall of the first floor is provided with a first maintenance door that connects to the ground floor road. The first maintenance door is equipped with a first openable door (44). The upper floor of the exhaust main building (41) is connected to the horse path (7) located outside the mountain (6) through an extended platform (5). The outside of the mountain (6) is provided with an upper horse path passage (8) that connects the ground floor road and the horse path (7). The lower end of the side wall of the exhaust auxiliary building (42) is provided with a second maintenance door that connects to the horse path (7). The second maintenance door is equipped with a second openable door (45).

3. The ventilation and safety tunnel exhaust tower layout structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The floor slabs of the exhaust main building (41) include only the floor slabs set on the first floor and the roof slabs set on the top surface of the exhaust main building (41). The floors of the exhaust main building (41) with rainproof air vents (43) are connected to each other through the steel grating maintenance platform (46) and the extended platform (5).

4. The ventilation and safety tunnel exhaust tower layout structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The side where the exhaust main building (41) connects with the exhaust duct (3) opening is the rear side of the exhaust main building (41). The air inlet duct (2) is located on the left side of the exhaust duct (3), and the exhaust auxiliary building (42) is located on the right side of the exhaust main building (41). The rear, left and front walls of the upper part of the exhaust main building (41) are all equipped with rainproof air vents (43), and the rear and front walls of the exhaust auxiliary building (42) are also equipped with rainproof air vents (43).

5. The ventilation and safety tunnel exhaust tower layout structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The first operable door (44) is a roller shutter door, and the first operable door (44) is located on the front side wall of the exhaust main building (41).

6. The ventilation and safety tunnel exhaust tower layout structure as described in claim 2, characterized in that: Protective railings are provided on the outdoor space of the extended platform (5), the side of the horse path (7) away from the mountain (6), and the access road (8).

7. The ventilation and safety tunnel exhaust tower layout structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: An extended beam foundation (9) is fixedly installed on the side of the walkway (7) away from the mountain (6). The extended beam foundation (9) is anchored to the mountain (6) by the slope support anchor bar bundle (10). The upper beam and column nodes of the extended beam foundation (9) and the ventilation main building (41) are connected by connecting beams. The extended beam foundation (9), the upper beam of the ventilation main building (41) and the connecting beam together form the first frame beam. The extended platform (5) is correspondingly set on the first frame beam.

8. The ventilation and safety tunnel exhaust tower layout structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The outer opening of the air intake duct (2) is equipped with an openable and closable grille door (21).

Images